Parker 1st Quarter 2024

PARKER

PRESIDENT Ralph Bond BA Consulting Group Ltd. bond@bagroup.com

VICE PRESIDENT

Anna Marie O’Connell patandamo@gmail.com

OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS

TREASURER

Frank Cavaliere RJC Engineers fcavaliere@rjc.ca

SECRETARY

Adamo Donatucci Precise Parklink adonatucci@precisebi.com

PAST PRESIDENT Alex MacIsaac University of Toronto a.macisaac@utoronto.ca

DIRECTORS

Sam Cusick AIMS (EDC) Corp. sam@aimsparking.com

Nicolas Filion Agence de mobilité durable nfilion@agencemobilitedurable.ca

Rozanne Haddad Interior Health Authority

Rozanne.Haddad@interiorhealth.ca

Sharon Lewinson ACT Canada info@actcanada.com

James Mackay Mackay Meters james.mackay@mackaymeters.com

Ken Skinner Crombie REIT ken.skinner@crombie.ca

Randy Topolniski Winnipeg Parking Authority randytopolniski@winnipeg.ca

CPA STAFF

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

Carole Whitehorne 613 727 0700 x 10

carole@canadianparking.ca

ADMINISTRATIVE

COORDINATOR

Teresa Buckley 613 727 0700 x 12

teresa@canadianparking.ca

BRAND & COMMUNICATIONS

Brenda Hanna 613 727 0700 x 15 brenda@canadianparking.ca

FROM THE EDITOR

CAROLE WHITEHORNE, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

Customer Service – just what is going on with this concept? I’ve worked in the service industry for close to forty years. My early experience was a short stint as a waitress at a local diner where shift workers from a nearby factory flooded the small restaurant for breakfast and lunch. When the workers crowded the small space twice a day, I had to get a move on, taking orders and getting them served in the short time they had away from their jobs. I loved the rush, and my customers appreciated my efforts, emptying their pockets of all their coins for my tips (a fortune in the late ‘70’s). I was fired from this job because I spent too much time engaging with them, and here’s the straw that broke the camel’s back – when asked, I gave a customer an extra bun with his soup!

Suffice it to say, my appreciation for the customers was not seen as a positive thing by my stingy, miserable boss/owner of the diner, whose focus was his bottom line and not service to the customers who filled is diner every day. I learned a lesson from that experience which sent me on a path of appreciating the need for establishing a balance between front line employees who have worked for me, and the variety of situations they faced on the front line. I also adopted that as a standard for service that I received personally and refrain from downloading my frustration on service people who have little or nothing to do with decision making but are out front taking the brunt.

I spent 11 years as a university parking manager, and I’m sure we can agree that the front line of

PARKER MAGAZINE

EDITOR

carole@canadianparking.ca

613-727-0700 x 10

ADMINISTRATION

teresa@canadianparking.ca

613-727-0700 x 12

DESIGN AND MARKETING

brenda@canadianparking.ca

613-727-0700 x 15

a parking operation is the epicentre for unhappy customers, so training, guiding and supporting our front line ‘warriors’ was paramount to keeping escalating situations under control. Stressful times, but most rewarding when solutions could be found, and the customer walked away satisfied. No matter that many did not leave the service counter happier than when they arrived waiving their parking tickets, demanding the undoable and threatening retribution, but enough about that, where the bodies are buried is my business!

In my job managing the CPA, I am exposed to distinct types of service requirements. First and foremost is providing an elevated level of service to our members. This entails relationship building from the moment of contact through the membership period to balance the needs of members who support the association. The Board of Directors serve their respective constituents in many ways, and our small staff work tirelessly to provide seamless service for the many programs and initiatives that are offered.

Service providers that we rely on to enable us to keep our systems running, so that we can function properly in our workplace is another thing. I refer to the current process for seeking support which essentially is void of human contact at every level. Got an issue you can’t solve? Submit a ticket. Then prepare to wait for days, or even weeks in our experience to get a response. Still have issues with the issue? Submit another ticket and wait again.

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STAY CONNECTED WITH THE CPA www.canadianparking.ca/contact

Or, my pet peeve, a chatbot with computer generated response system. Even the likes of Dante couldn’t successfully cobble together the few words that draw out a relative response. The inefficiencies of this process can not be understated. Wheels grind to a halt, or workarounds need to be created. Gone are the days when a small issue could be dealt with immediately. We seem to be stranded and are forced to be self-reliant in areas where we have no clue, least of all any training.

This is where I pivot on the quality of service that has evolved from person-to-person contact to what we now experience. Recently I had to replace my laptop. It was Saturday and I wanted my data transferred from old to new. “Could I have it back tomorrow?,” I asked, and was met with a sneer. I would be called when it was ready. It took four days to have the data transferred to the replacement. With no number to call the Geeks to check on the progress, my only option was to drop in to check on the progress and still had to wait. Left to my own devices to figure out the rest of the setup, I was advised that I could contact my administrator for help. Well, I am the administrator. The joke is on me. And I won’t even go into the password madness associated with setting up new equipment!

Scheduled in-person appointments, which are rare these days, are delayed by 30-40 minutes without explanation. Humph... all of this takes time, and my time is just as important as yours. What is gong on? I had an appointment. Pretty simple system. It isn’t

just occasionally that service is failing, it has become the norm.

I experience the highest level of support working with the tourism and business events industry to create our meetings and annual conferences. This sector knows how to treat their clients. Not only guests, but planners like me who rely on contracted service providers to become an extension of the CPA as we build the events. They get it.

As customer service transitioned to help desks, online tutorials and call buttons, the front line has been reassigned or eliminated altogether. But has service improved? In my opinion, this a hard NO! I’d take a snippy counter clerk over this any day.

For those of you who still provide real people to front your business, value them, embrace them and support their efforts every day. It is a dying art. If you are relying on e-service for your clients, monitor those for efficiency and make sure they are not the black hole where clients go to chase their tails.

Rant over and I am relieved to get this off my chest. Better run, the photocopier crashed, and the phone system refuses to let me log in. It will be a while before I get back to my real work! n

Carole Whitehorne, Executive Director

CPA Associate Partner

For those of you who still provide real people to front your business, value them, embrace them and support their efforts every day. It is a dying art.

CANADIAN PARKING ASSOCIATION

MEMBER AWARDS 2024

AWARD CATEGORIES

Contributing Member

Open to individual members of the Canadian Parking Association who have demonstrated a continued commitment to the development of the image of parking as a professional industry by:

• Excelling in their area of work and in their personal achievements;

• Improving the value, efficiency and sustainability of the services they provide;

• Participating in professional development activities which go beyond the average requirements;

• Setting examples to which others aspire;

• Developing a concept, process or procedure that enhances or improves the efficiency of an existing method that is adopted by their organization;

• Showing evidence of leadership in the parking industry.

Innovation in Parking & Programs

Open to all members of the CPA who have operational processes, programs or technical innovations that exemplify the experience of innovation, economic results, benefits to its company or other groups in the community, and new developments that may be an advantage or value to others, all of which may represent new ideas or concepts, projects, or programs that benefit the parking profession and related sustainable programs.

Marketing & Communications

For CPA members who create programs around value for customers, and/or highlighting the professionalism of the parking industry in the community, spotlighting outstanding marketing, promotional, public relations, and communications-outreach efforts in the parking industry and the communities served.

Parking Industry Business Excellence

Open to CPA members in the Supplier, Consultant and Private Operator sectors who demonstrate continued commitment to the development and advancement of the parking industry by:

• Developing innovative technological advancements in areas that support the parking industry (innovations should go far beyond marginal improvements in existing products and services and will be based on breadth and depth of impact on the parking industry).

• Successfully satisfying client expectations in terms of product adaptation and reliable service excellence after sales;

• Demonstrating excellence in entrepreneurship & business leadership;

• Displaying commitment to the Canadian Parking Association through program participation and supporting development of new initiatives for members;

• Demonstrating the ability to develop new products/services or make improvements to existing products/services through the application of an existing or new technology;

• Applying innovative approaches to emerging trends which directly impact the parking industry.

Parking Supervisor of the Year

For parking supervisors in leadership positions at front line parking operations, who have made a marked difference through demonstrated solid leadership skills, guidance, and support of both the company and his/her direct reports.

Parking Staff Member of the Year

Acknowledge an individual's exemplary customer service and demonstrated commitment to his/her team through actions above-andbeyond his/her job description.

FOUNDERS AWARDS

The formation of the Canadian Parking Association more than 25 years ago lead to the realization that the parking industry is rich with professionals from many disciplines.

Contributions to the success of the industry range from the tireless dedication of volunteers to the creation of innovative systems and technology development. Many members of the parking industry have

AWARD ELIGIBILITY

Only members of the Canadian Parking Association may submit a nomination, or be eligible to receive an award.

been acknowledged by Principals of Read Jones Christoffersen through two awards:

The Ted Seeberg Memorial Award for Outstanding Contribution to the Canadian Parking Industry

The Ed Keate Award for Outstanding Contribution to Advancement of Knowledge in the Parking Industry

NOMINATIONS PROCESS

Information can be found on the CPA website at canadianparking.ca/cpa-awards/

PRESENTATION OF THE AWARDS

Winners will be announced during the Annual Conference and Trade Show in Halifax, October 6-9, 2024.

FROM THE PRESIDENT

RALPH BOND, PRESIDENT

Iam happy to report that your board of directors had a productive meeting in late February. This year we held the meeting virtually over two days rather than get together in person, to save costs and begin to replenish our reserves that were depleted during the pandemic. We approved the budget for the next fiscal year and started the process of reviewing existing programs and services to determine where improvements should be made. Please do not hesitate to send us any suggestions you have for improvement.

We also advanced planning for the 2024 Conference and Trade Show that will be in Halifax this year from October 6 to the 9. It has been a very long time since we have been to Halifax and there is much to see in the area. Please mark the conference date in your calendars and register to attend so you do not miss out on a great event. We have had a fantastic response to the Call for Presentation Abstracts, so you can look forward to plenty of interesting educational sessions that will expand your knowledge base, as well as a full trade show, and a few special events.

Parking continues to be intertwined in many aspects of urban development. For example, several municipalities have changed their zoning by-laws to reduce or eliminate the requirements to provide parking for new developments because they think it impacts housing affordability. Some cities have introduced new or increased requirements to supply Electric Vehicle Charging stations in new developments in order to foster EV adoption. The idea of parking taxes is starting to re-emerge, to generate revenue for cash strapped cities who have been impacted by changing travel and work patterns induced by the

Covid pandemic even though parking demand in many downtown areas has not returned to prior levels. We hope to explore these and other topics this year in the Parker magazine, at Chapter events or at the Halifax Conference, to keep our members informed on emerging trends and issues.

We are always in need of relevant, Canadian content for the Paker magazine, so we encourage you to prepare an article. It could be about one of the trends described above. It could also be about some significant project at your place of work that is underway or recently completed. For example, our members would be pleased to hear about a new garage or green parking lot, or no garage or lot due to a transportation demand management plan, or case studies of ticketless parking solutions with or without gates.

Finally, please remember to consider nominating someone or something for one of our CPA Awards so that our members’ accomplishments can be recognized and publicized. It is quite gratifying to see the joy that people feel in being part of an award. There are awards for Business Excellence, Innovation in Parking and Programs, Supervisor of the Year, Employee of the Year, Contributing Member of the Year as well as the Ted Seeberg and Ed Keate Awards for outstanding service. A full list of the CPA Awards can be found on our website.

Wishing everyone a great spring and prosperous year. I can be reached at bond@bagroup.com n

Ralph Bond, President

Parking continues to be intertwined in many aspects of urban development.

The Future of the Parking & Mobility Industry: A Global Outlook

By Adamo Donatucci

In the parking and mobility industry, technology is pivotal in shaping its future. Across the globe, certain nations are at the forefront, strategically embracing advancements such as autonomous vehicles, micromobility solutions, intermodal applications, and shared zero-emission initiatives.

Below is a comprehensive exploration of various country policies, exploring the complex process of technological adaptation and their concerted efforts toward achieving ambitious zero-emission goals.

1. Autonomous Vehicles — A prominent force at the forefront of the automotive industry.

Undoubtedly, autonomous vehicles (AVs) have become a focal point in the mobility industry in recent years. According to a recent study by the global management consulting firm McKinsey & Company, passenger car advanced driver-assistance systems and autonomous-driving (AD) systems could generate $300 to $400 billion in revenue by 2035. Level 4 high-driving automation is anticipated to contribute $170 to $230 billion, accounting for approximately 57% of the dominant vehicle type in sales. Overall, the expectation is that 12% of new passenger cars sold by 2035 will incorporate Level 3 and 4 autonomous technologies, with 37% featuring advanced AD technologies.

For years, global car manufacturers, particularly in the United States and Europe, have promised a future of self-driving vehicles. However, recent trends suggest China is poised to lead the global shared AVs market. Research indicates that the top 5 regions in China collectively command 51.3% of the total autonomous

mobility market. At the same time, the United States holds 47.5%, and Europe (including the United Kingdom, France, Spain, and Germany) accounts for 62.3%.

Government support is a crucial factor in fostering AV adaptation. Since 2020, over $48 billion has been invested in AVs, with the US leading in investments in 2020 ($7.3 billion) and 2021 ($11.3 billion). China surpassed the US by investing $4.7 billion in 2022 and $3.6 billion in 2023, making it the top investor in AVs. Other countries worldwide collectively invested only $5.1 billion during these years. In Europe, collaborative efforts between France, Germany, and other EU countries aim to standardize regulations for autonomous vehicles.

In Canada, the Industrial Research Assistance Program (IRAP) has invested $700 million over five years to support connected and AVs' research and development (R&D). The National Research Council (NRC), the Government of Canada's largest research organization, also launched a new Manufacturing and Automotive Innovation Hub in London, ON, to support the development of AVs.

With the rise of AVs and government support in R&D, parking facilities are undergoing significant changes. Parking facility managers are advised to proactively adapt to these shifts by redesigning their spaces to enhance dynamic space utilization. The parking process is becoming more precise and efficient, keeping pace with evolving trends. In addition, integrating advanced parking technologies involving tools such as parking guidance technology sensors and cameras is imperative. These technologies play a crucial role in optimizing system navigation and ensuring the seamless accommodation of Avs. Embracing such innovations is essential to position parking facilities at the forefront of efficiency and convenience.

2. Micromobility –

Reshaping how society gets from point A to point b and everywhere.

The concept of micromobility, referring to small, lightweight, electric-powered vehicles such as e-scooters, e-bikes and more, driven personally for short-distance trips, is widely known, enhancing the transportation sustainability and assisting in fulfilling the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). A recent Transforma Insights report projects 328 million devices to support the demand for urban mobility in 2032.

According to McKinsey & Company, the global micromobility market could reach $300 to $500 billion by 2030, with China, the US, and Europe being the most significant markets. CAGR is expected to be 17.5% from 2024 to 2030. Micromobility can replace up to 60% of car trips under five miles in the US, 50% in China, and 40% in Europe, significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions, traffic congestion, and road accidents.

What about Canada? Canadians and the Canadian government actively support the promotion of micromobility throughout the country. In 2022, Canada achieved a record of 17 million trips using shared micromobility, including e-scooters and bikes, marking a 30% increase from the 13 million trips recorded in 2021. During the same year, various regions initiated shared e-scooter and bike programs. Ontario saw approximately 100,000 rides throughout the pilot period, Quebec recorded over 50,000 trips, and Alberta reported more than 25,000 trips.

Despite being a growing market, micromobility service providers face challenges due to economic downturns. A company operating a global network of e-bikes and e-scooters experienced a 79% drop in operations, leading to a 30% reduction in the workforce in the US and all European markets. Various countries, particularly in the Asia Pacific region, such as India, China, and Japan, are establishing standards and rules for vehicle charging infrastructure. The future of the market remains to be seen.

Micromobility is currently reshaping how people approach and utilize spaces, particularly in parking. The increasing number of micromobility travellers underscores the need for dedicated parking spaces to accommodate these compact vehicles. Designated micromobility parking stalls with racks or charging stations become essential to encourage safe and organized parking. Furthermore, integrating technology solutions such as mobile apps and innovative parking systems is crucial. These tools can assist travellers in locating available parking spaces for their micro-mobility devices, enhancing the overall efficiency and convenience of the parking experience.

Canadians and the Canadian government actively support the promotion of micromobility throughout the country. In 2022, Canada achieved a record of 17 million trips using shared micromobility, including e-scooters and bikes, marking a 30% increase from the 13 million trips recorded in 2021.

3. Intermodal Applications – Integrating with travel routes and parking options for advanced planning using an all-in-one platform.

Countries should develop intermodal applications to align with the rise of Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS). These platforms integrate all possible mobility options into one platform, allowing travellers to plan their journeys easily. While countries are still adapting, several intermodal applications have been developed and operationalized.

In China, a priority has been placed on integrating public transportation since the 2000s, leading to the development of three applications—Tianfu Tong, Shengjing Tong, and Handan Transport—in 2017 to simplify route-finding. One year later, the UK government announced the upgrade of Digital Service Platforms (DSPs) to offer journey matching and shared services, incorporating micro-transit and bike sharing. The first comprehensive MaaS transit mobile app in the US was launched in 2021, enabling users to pay fares, rent micromobility vehicles, and find carpool options.

As intermodal applications gain popularity, parking facility managers must adapt their policies to align with changing customer behaviours. This includes incorporating dynamic pricing models and flexible parking durations and preparing for an interconnected transportation ecosystem. Operators can leverage this trend to optimize parking planning by offering comprehensive information about various transportation modes, including parking options. Travellers can efficiently plan their journeys by providing detailed information, such as parking availability at different transit points. This reduces uncertainty and enhances the overall travel experience. It fosters better connectivity between various points in the city, ultimately minimizing the time spent searching for parking spaces.

4. Shared or Pooled Zero-Emission Vehicles –A worldwide initiative aimed at reducing carbon emissions by using energy-powered vehicles.

The global effort towards a zero-emission society is evident, particularly in the mobility industry. Canada declared it will not sell gas-powered vehicles by 2030 to achieve a 2035 zero-emission goal. The US government aims for 100% zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) by 2035, with light-duty vehicles reaching 100% by 2027. The UK has set a net-zero goal by 2050, reducing carbon emissions by 68% by 2030, meaning all new vehicle sales from 2035 will be zero-emission. European countries like Germany and France aim for zero-emission goals by 2045 and 2050, respectively. Italy aligns with the 2050 target. In contrast, China targets net-zero emissions by 2060, with more than 80% of its energy coming from non-fossil fuels. A regulation mandates that all vehicles must be zero-emission by that time, with targets set at 20% by 2026 and 60% by 2030.

Key market leaders in China and the US offer various incentives for individuals and businesses to expedite the transition to electric vehicles (EVs). At the end of 2023, China unveiled a $72 billion tax break for four years for EVs and other green cars to stimulate auto sales growth. In the US, government incentives support the EV industry,

including free charging and discounted parking. Businesses owning or leasing EVs receive a 50% discount on charging fees and free parking. Within our nation, the Canadian government has initiated various programs aimed at enhancing the sales of zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs), such as the Zero-Emission Vehicles Program (ZEV) and the Incentives for Medium- and Heavy-Duty Zero-Emission Vehicles Program (iMHZEV). Additionally, rebate programs for ZEV purchases and EV charging equipment have been implemented in regions such as British Columbia (BC), New Brunswick (Nouveau), Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Quebec.

Parking facilities should proactively and strategically integrate many EV charging stations for the surging demands. It is essential to cater to the escalating EV customer base, emphasizing seizing the advantages offered by existing rebate programs. By installing these charging stations promptly, facilities can align with the surging demand for eco-friendly transportation and position themselves to capitalize on the available incentives. The sooner these installations are completed, the earlier the facility can reap the rewards and incentives associated with supporting the growing segment of EV customers.

The future of the parking and mobility industry is rapidly transforming with advancements in autonomous vehicles, micromobility, intermodal applications, and the push towards shared or pooled zero-emission vehicles. The global commitment to a zero-emission future is evident in various countries' ambitious targets. As the industry navigates these transformative changes, the collaboration between governments, businesses, and innovators will play a pivotal role in shaping a more connected, sustainable, and efficient future for mobility. n

References

Autonomous vehicles: Turning point in european public transport. ioki. (2023, March 30). https://ioki.com/en/ autonomous-vehicles-turning-point-in-european-regional-and-local-transport/#:~:text=In%202021%2C%20France%20 and%20Germany,on%20the%20road%20since%202018.

Azhar, M. R., & Uzair, W. (2023, December 18). The E-bike revolution is already underway (in developing countries). Energy Post. https://energypost.eu/the-e-bike-revolution-is-already-underway-in-developing-countries-280m-micro-vehicles-on-theroad-and-rising/

China races past US in Autonomous Vehicle Investment. Pitchbook. (n.d.). https://pitchbook.com/news/articles/ autonomous-vehicle-startups-vc-investment-us-china

China unveils $72 billion tax break for evs, other Green Cars. (n.d.). https://www.reuters.com/business/autostransportation/china-announces-extension-purchase-tax-break-nevs-until-2027-2023-06-21/

Deichmann, J., Ebel, E., Heineke, K., Heuss, R., Kellner, M., & Steiner, F. (2023, January 6). Autonomous Driving’s Future: Convenient and connected. McKinsey & Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/automotive-and-assembly/ourinsights/autonomous-drivings-future-convenient-and-connected

Global EV policy explorer – data tools. IEA. (n.d.). https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-tools/global-ev-policyexplorer

Guardian News and Media. (2023, September 24). How Germany, France and Italy compare on net zero emission targets. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/sep/24/how-germany-france-and-italy-compare-on-netzero-emission-targets

Jain, D. K. (2023, November 20). The future of micromobility. Medium. https://medium.com/@deepakjain1904/ micromobility-the-future-of-urban-transportation-a0b11d3a5a4d

ABOUT THE AUTHOR:

Adamo Donatucci

Business Development & Strategy Officer

Precise ParkLink

WELCOMING MEMBERS TO THE CPA

We welcome the following new members to the Canadian Parking Association. Some are new to the industry, and some familiar names have been a part of the industry for several years, and are now included in the CPA membership. THANKS TO ALL MEMBERS FOR YOUR SUPPORT.

TheInterchange

Agence de mobilitié durable

Rolando Sarmiento

2100 rue D Bureau 500 Montreal, QC H3G 1X1

City of Barrie

Scott Fraser

Cory Graves

Elizabeth Stahl

Heather Miller

70 Collier Street Barrie, ON L4M 4T5

City of Burnaby

Kathy Ho

Eric Tam

4949 Canada Way Burnaby, BC V5G 1M2

City of Calgary

Todd Sullivan

Robb Whyte

Mail Code #8041 Floor 8, Main Bldg., 800 Macleod Trail S.E. P.O. Box 2100, Station M Calgary, AB T2P 2M5

City of Guelph

Ashley Kassian

Rebecca Smith

Hannah Street

Christine Vadone

Meg Warns 1 Carden Street Guelph, ON N1H 3A1

City of Kelowna

Tyler Ruggles 1435 Water Street Kelowna, BC V1Y 1J4

City of Markham

Richard Ehrlund

Rachel Fung

101 Town Centre Blvd. Markham, ON L3R 9W3

Forest Paving

Andrea Caruso

240 Chrislea Road, 3rd Floor Vaughan, ON L4L 8V1

Frogparking Inc.

Martyn Brewer

Shareena Sandbrook 3137 NE 83rd Street Seattle, WA 98115 USA

gtechna, a division of Harris Computer

Ximena Ornelas 7075 Robert Joncas, Suite M101 Montreal, QC H3M 2Z2

HotSpot Parking Inc.

Abby Adams

Stephane Nellis 515 Beaverbrook Court Fredericton, NB E3B 1X6

Indigo Park Canada Inc.

Daniel Binette 1 Place Ville Marie, #1130 Montreal, QC H3B 2A7

McGill University

Angela Debellis 3465 Durocher St., Rm. 116 Montreal, QC H2X 2C6

Okanagan College

Nadia Bos

1000 KLO Rd Kelowna, BC V1Y 4X8

OSCO (Precon.Strescon)

Joseph Albanese

35 Rutherford Road, South Brampton, ON L6W 3J4

Red River College Polytech

Kylie Cox

AB38-2055 Notre Dame Ave. Winnipeg, MB R3H 0J9

Regina Exhibition Association

Limited

Aaron Gentles

Keir Glazier

1700 Elphinstone Street

Regina, SK S4P 2Z6

T2 Systems Inc.

Jen Luszak

8900 Keystone Crossing, #700 Indianapolis, IN 46240 USA

University of Calgary

Mike Wilson

2500 University Dr. N.W. Calgary, AB T2N 1N4

WSP Canada

Saavin Khurana

2300 Yonge Street, Box 2385 Toronto, ON M4P 1E4

Build your 2024 Marketing Plan

CONNECTING PARKING AND MOBILITY PROFESSIONALS

The Canadian Parking Association is now offering three marketing options to effectively connect with potential clients. Maximize your outreach and direct your advertising towards the Canadian Parking and Mobility markets by taking advantage of these new opportunities offered by the CPA.

Combine advertising options and save. Ad space rates for Parker magazine will be discounted by 10% for each issue that is accompanied by an online web ad or eNewsletter ad.

Combined circulation for Parker and eNewsletter options will place your ad in front of 4,500 contacts up to 30 times in a calendar year. Online ads and electronic Parker are just a click away, and will link CPA contacts and visitors directly to your site.

Secure your preferred space today. Visit canadianparking.ca/advertising for details and order form.

SafetyStick

Keeping Decay at Bay

5 best practices for maximizing the service life of your traffic deck coating

By Bryant Bortolotto-Freeman

IF YOUR BUILDING INCLUDES A PARKADE, CHANCES ARE YOU’VE WITNESSED THE WEAR AND TEAR THAT COMES FROM STEADY USAGE AND EXPOSURE TO MOISTURE AND CONTAMINANTS LIKE ROAD SALTS. EVEN IF THE PARKING AREA IS LOCATED INDOORS, THE TRAFFIC DECK COATING (TDC) USED TO PROTECT CONCRETE SURFACES WILL DETERIORATE OVER TIME, REDUCING ITS ABILITY TO EFFECTIVELY DO ITS JOB.

“Traffic deck coating plays a key role in preserving concrete’s structural integrity, so it’s important to ensure it performs as intended,” said Bryant Bortolotto-Freeman, Engineer-in-Training at RJC Engineers. “By understanding the causes of concrete deterioration and following certain best practices to maximize your TDC, costly repairs to your concrete may be averted.”

What is Traffic Deck Coating?

A TDC is a multi-coat system formulated to protect concrete structures and structural elements from contact with moisture and contaminants. Typically, they are made up of a primer (polyurethane or epoxy-based), a basecoat, and a topcoat that work together to provide waterproofing protection, traction enhancements, wayfinding and light reflection in parkades and other concrete enclosures. Although usage of TDCs is widespread in North American, Bortolotto-Freeman has seen all-too often what happens when maintenance is ignored, or improper application creates weaknesses in the system. Common failures include debonding of the coating from the underlying substrate (or between the layers, cracks and scrapes letting in moisture, and surface damage from abrasion due to wheel racking and traffic exposure.

TO PREVENT A FAILURE AND PROLONG THE SERVICE LIFE OF YOUR TDC, BORTOLOTTO-FREEMAN RECOMMENDS THE FOLLOWING 5 LAYERS OF SUCCESS:

Layer 1 – Surface Prep

Thorough surface preparation is crucial for a successful TDC installation, whether it’s brand- new concrete or an existing slab undergoing repairs. As such, shot blasting is an effective way to remove any micro-fractures, laitance, and provide the sound, open-textured surface area required for sufficient coating adhesion. For an existing system, shot blasting also removes the top surface of concrete, which can contain grease, rubber from tires, or other contaminants that could interfere with bonding and curing.

Layer 2 – Special Project Considerations

Service life conditions and project requirements should be considered during the design and material-selection phase. According to Bortolotto-Freeman, thicker wearing surfaces may be necessary for high-traffic areas, such as drive aisles and loading docks, possibly requiring a more robust wearing surface in lieu of typical aggregate. Turnaround times and curing temperatures should also be considered at this stage to prevent improper phasing of the work, which could negatively impact bond strength and durability. It’s also a good time to consider signage, barricades, and site presence, particularly if portions of the parking facility are to remain open.

Layer 3 – Monitoring and Testing

Verifying the product is being placed and applied in conformance with the manufacturer’s specifications is key to ensuring a long-lasting service life of your TDC. Given the coating forms a water barrier, Bortolotto-Freeman warns that any trapped moisture within the slab will create vapour drive with temperature fluctuations, potentially causing it to de-bond from the concrete substrate. Monitoring as you go, testing thickness and ensuing the product is being applied properly, will help minimize any negative outcomes down the road.

Layer 4 – Addressing “Tricky” Details

While placing a new coating in the centre of a concrete slab is relatively straightforward, perimeters during coating repairs are more susceptible to failures. These tricky areas require a little more attention to detail and may call for additional tools and techniques. For instance, rather than relying on a lap, Bortolotto-Freeman recommends using ground/saw cut reglets to provide mechanical adhesion along with a physical separation between the new coating and the existing one. He also recommends detailing at the cracks and upturns prior to large-scale TDC application to prevent moisture from gathering at the bases of columns, walls, and curbs, and migrating where it shouldn’t.

...proper specification, design, application, and assessment of traffic deck coatings is necessary to ensure these systems perform as intended, and they should also be maintained throughout their service life.

Visit www.RJC.ca or contact Bryant Bortolotto-Freeman directly at bbortolotto-freeman@rjc.ca

Layer 5 – Compatibility with Existing Surface

When repairing an existing coating, it’s important to know if the new product is polyurethanebased or bitumen-based to ensure compatibility with the existing TDC. While polyurethane alone is stable with bitumen, the plasticizers that make the TDC flexible and elastic are not. According to Bortolotto-Freeman, bitumen tends to attract the plasticizers within the TDC system, causing it to discolour and become brittle, and creating the potential for cracking. As the plasticizers interact with the bitumen-based product, the bitumen becomes soft and can bleed or run if in a vertical application. The best way to mitigate this is by a compatible intermediate layer like metal.

In conclusion

Proper specification, design, application, and assessment of traffic deck coatings is necessary to ensure these systems perform as intended, and they should also be maintained throughout their service life. Annual condition reviews by a consultant, as recommended by CSA S413, can help identify and address typical wear and use items prior to them causing costly concrete and/or structural repairs. n FOR

The Canadian Parking Association’s Management Training and Certification.

The Parking Management Certification program (PMC) addresses the training needs of management teams and front-line supervisors who oversee parking operations.

This program sets performance and service standards at the point where the parking operation, technology, mobility, and the customer meet. The PMC credential is the standard by which performance can be measured.

Standards

Recognized as the benchmark for supervisory and management level employees in the Canadian parking industry, the program offers candidates a comprehensive study program that includes relevant and essential aspects of a standard parking operation. The course is designed for quality and fairness in assessing the skill set for the industry and may be used by employers to evaluate candidates during the hiring processes.

Development Of The Certification Program

The study materials and examination outline contain information fundamental to the defined roles and responsibilities of parking managers. Content has been compiled from a cross-section of parking professionals from Canada and has been updated to include current information relative to today’s parking industry.

Course Content

OPERATIONS: Types, Design, Regulations, Loss Prevention, Equipment/Systems/Technology, Safety

REVENUE CONTROL: Accounting, Auditing

MOBILITY MANAGEMENT (TDM)

CUSTOMER SERVICE

MARKETING/ADMINISTRATION

MAINTENANCE

HUMAN RESOURCES

The Examination

The computerized PMC examination is composed of 150 four-option multiple-choice questions and is administered during a 3-hour testing session held in close proximity to the candidate’s home or workplace.

Former CCPFM Graduates

Holders of current CCPFM designation will be offered a discounted fee to study the revised materials and retake the examination. If certification has lapsed, full fees will apply.

Parking Industry Credential

The Canadian Parking Association, as the national authority for the industry in Canada, has the authority to grant or rescind the use of the professional designation of Parking Management Certification “PMC” to candidates who successfully complete the program.

Training Course

Registration & Information

canadianparking.ca/pmc/

Partner with the CPA

Partner with the CPA to provide opportunities for growth in the coming years, bring more programming and education to CPA members and take your place as a leader in Canadian parking and mobility innovation.

CHAMPION, PRINCIPLE and ASSOCIATE levels are available, and each comes with many valuable benefits for a single annual fee.

When we join together, we all win!

Download the Partnership Prospectus Document

Welcome to Halifax

From the Conference & Trade Show Co-chairs

We look forward to seeing you in Halifax this October A LOT HAS HAPPENED SINCE 1749.

The vibrant city of Halifax welcomes you with the warmth of Maritime hospitality, rugged beauty, historic sites, and a boatload of charm. This year’s conference is being held at the new Nova Centre, situated in the middle of Downtown, and adjacent to a world of marvellous restaurants, pubs, and shops.

The conference is shaping up to be one of the best opportunities of the year for industry professionals and suppliers to network, renew old friendships and enhance their knowledge of the latest services and technologies available.

Come early and stay late! There’s so much to do. For all you early risers, start your day with a stroll or run along the waterfront boardwalk. Breathtaking views await you, and you’re only 3 blocks away. If you’re looking for something to do during the occasional downtimes at the conference, Pier 21 Immigration Museum, the Art Gallery of Nova Scotia, the Maritime Museum of the Atlantic and Historic Citadel Hill are all within a 10-minute walk. There’s even a football match within walking distance, Saturday October 5th at 3pm, between the Halifax Wanderers and Vancouver FC. If you do add a few extra days to your stay, you can take a tour of Peggy’s Cove, go whale watching or even head to Cape Breton Island for the Keltic Colors festival that starts the Friday after the conference.

Pier21

Halifax Waterfront

Discover Halifax

Peggys Cove

Citadel Historic Site

Maritime Museum

THE POWER OF CONNECTION

Join your colleagues in Halifax, NS from October 6-9 for the Annual Conference and Trade Show. Halifax Convention Centre & Sutton Place Hotel

The Canadian Parking Association’s Annual Conference & Trade Show is the place to be inspired, discover something new, socialize with industry peers and develop lasting relationships through the Power of Connection.

EXPERIENCE

the power of being in-person with industry experts

LEARN and share what’s new and trending in parking and mobility

NETWORK with industry peers and make new connections

MARKET your products and services, generate leads and complete sales at the trade show

Early Bird Ends May 31 st

Be eligible for prize draw

SCHEDULE AT A GLANCE

REGISTRATION HOURS • SUNDAY – TUESDAY • 7:30 AM – 5:00 PM

SATURDAY | Oct 5

1:00 – 5:00 pm

Pre-conference event

Details to follow

5:00 – 7:00 pm

Board of Directors Meeting

SUNDAY | Oct 6

1:00 – 4:00 pm

Round Table Sector Meetings

• Airports • Hospitals/Private Operators

• Municipalities • Universities/Colleges

Delegates participate in face-to-face discussions with peers from their sector to share information and experiences.

Open to Sector members only. (Hospital meeting will be open to Private Operators)

4:30 – 5:30 pm

President’s Reception for New Members

(By invitation only)

6:00 pm – 8:30 pm

Trade Show Grand Opening

Reception, Opening Remarks, and the Opening Trade Show exhibition is a time to visit vendors and scope out the latest in innovation, technology, and to see what’s trending. Start the dialogue and set the pace for the sessions to follow.

8:30 pm

Unscheduled Evening

Schedule is subject to change.

MONDAY | Oct 7

8:00 am – 9:00 am

Trade Show Breakfast

9:00 am – 10:00 am

Main Stage

10:00 am – 11:55 am

Educational Breakout Sessions

Noon – 1:25 pm

Awards Luncheon

1:30 – 5:30 pm

Trade Show Exhibition

6:00 pm

Unscheduled Evening

TUESDAY | Oct 8

7:45 – 8:30 am

Breakfast

8:00 – 8:30 am

Annual General Meeting

8:30 am – 9:45 am

Main Stage

9:45 am – 1:45 pm

Final Trade Show Exhibition

2:00 pm – 5:00 pm

Educational Breakout Sessions

6:30 – 11:00 pm

Celebrating Success!

Join us for a celebration to mark another successful conference with a hometown Maritime flair.

WEDNESDAY | Oct 9

10:00 am – 1:00 pm

Technical Tour

Right in the Heart of Halifax’s Downtown

HOST HOTEL

The Sutton Place Hotel Halifax is where modern luxuries meet exceptional and sincere service. Indulgent guest amenities include valet parking, onsite Chop Steakhouse & Bar, and free high-speed Internet. Located in downtown Halifax and just a stone’s throw from historic Citadel Hill, the hotel is surrounded by an abundance of things to see and do.

FOR RESERVATIONS & ROOM RATES

For any individual reservations booking on own, please find below your Group Booking Link and Web Group Code for attendees to use when looking to reserve into your group block:

Web Group Code: CPARKA24

Sutton Place Reservations Link

Reservation BOOKING

The Power of Connection extends between the Sutton Place Hotel and the Halifax Convention Center for an easy transition between venues.

CLAIM YOUR SPOT ON THE EXHIBIT FLOOR

Secure your spot and showcase your brand on our exhibition floor in Halifax. Register now to find your perfect place among industry leaders.

Tom Arnold Scholarship Winner

The Impact of Engineering on the Canadian Parking Industry

By Giuseppina Alfarano

It is no secret that with time the world is changing right before us. Modes of transportation have evolved from once on foot, to horses and wagons, to engine-powered vehicles. Early vehicles started with basic automation and will soon progress to full automation driving.

Automated vehicles are no longer science fiction and have become the future and they can provide significant benefits in parking safety. Engineers will need to accommodate change through the new design and construction in relation to the Canadian parking industry.

Think of a time there was an amazing sale happening in the mall: this could have been Boxing Day or Black Friday. Imagine you are excited to get to the mall to save on these deals and you are faced with no parking spaces available. You're circling around and around in the parking lot trying to find a parking space, but there is not one spot to be found. Once you find parking, you might have trouble parking, whether this is reversing, frontward parking or parallel parking. Then, before you can even get inside to see the great deals, you must find a parking machine to pay for parking. All these factors regarding parking are postponing you from getting to the sale.

Engineers can help make parking an easy, hassle-free experience allowing parkers to reach their destination quickly and efficiently. The implementation of autonomous vehicles allows this to become a reality. This lets users not to have to think twice on any aspect of parking.

Different kinds of engineers have separate roles in the design of autonomous vehicles to benefit the parking industry. Engineers assist in the creation of the automated parking system. This would require automation and robotics: implementing cameras, sensors, and robotics systems to locate parking spots and park the vehicle without human input. Mapping systems would be implemented into the vehicle's GPS system finding the most efficient parking spaces available. Communication systems between vehicle to vehicle would allow vehicles to park efficiently. This may lead to the removal of parking signs, as autonomous vehicles would have access to this information.

My name is Giuseppina Alfarano. I am a half Indian half Italian fourth year civil engineering student currently studying at Lassonde School of Engineering. I will be starting my masters of applied science in civil engineering this upcoming September 2024. I have a strong interest in the relation of all aspects of design in engineering and how artificial intelligence will shape the future of engineering. When I am not at school or participating in extra curricular events I enjoy using my free time to go to the gym. I would like to formally thank the donors for selecting me as the recipient of this award.

Different kinds of engineers have separate roles in the

Furthermore, engineers could also develop a system for fee payment once the autonomous vehicle has fully parked itself. This could be achieved by implementing an automated pay for parking program allowing the autonomous vehicle being able to determine the parking rates and durations for the user through programming. Having the user's bank card information attached to the car, just as users have their card attached to their phone would enable this type of payment.

Users would be able to approve or decline requests for the car, prompting users to pay with given information on the duration, rate, and location of the car. This system would be attached to an app that would display receipts, as well as give alerts at different intervals during their parking duration to allow the user to renew or increase their parking time.

Engineers would assist in the new design for the parking spaces to become more efficient, allowing transportation to evolve further. The high accuracy and precision of

autonomous vehicles would allow engineers to design the parking spaces to have a reduction in size to accommodate for autonomous vehicles. Engineers would also be able to reduce the size of driving isles in the parking lots. The combination of reduction in both would lead to parking lots of the same size with more parking available.

The implementation of autonomous vehicles may cause a reduction or redeployment of many jobs associated with parking enforcement, driving instructors, and chauffeurs due to the ability of technology to perform these roles at similar, or better levels. Careers associated with technology, and engineering will increase as the demand for design, construction and testing done on these vehicles increase.

The impact engineers could make in the parking industry would ultimately allow users to travel to their destination without having stress or worry about any aspect of parking. n

Get your organization ready for the commercial EV transformation by learning about the hardware, technology and funding supports available at the #EVChargingExpo2024 on May 1-2 in Toronto. Register at EVandChargingExpo.com

CPA MEMBER BENEFIT

CPA members will receive a 30% discount on the Expo Pass. To obtain the promo code contact Teresa@canadianparking.ca. This discount is valid until April 30, 2024.

EV Charging: The New Gold Rush

Simon Fraser University’s experience implementing a new parking revenue stream.

By David Agosti

Simon Fraser University’s (SFU) main campus is located in Burnaby BC. SFU has over 5,000 parking spaces and EV Chargers has been part of their parking supply since 2012.

Starting in 2021 (post-COVID) SFU has been expanding their EV Charging network in order to provide a service to customers, assist governments in their EV Charging goals, and provide an additional revenue source to the University.

Some EV Charging Basics

As the world of EV Charging evolves it is helpful to understand some of the basic terminology:

Port – the part of the EV Charger that supplies power to the electric vehicle via a cable and charging head. Some EV Chargers have one port (can charge 1 car), and some have two.

• Level 1 Charger – slowest form of charging utilizing a 110V outlet. Normally to use a Level 1 charger the driver needs their own cable and charging head that was supplied with the car.

• Level 2 Charger – a mid-speed form of charging using AC power varying from 7KWH to 19KWH depending on model. Most Level 2 chargers have 2 ports.

• DCFC (Level 3) Charger – the fastest form of charging using DC power varying from 50KWH – 350KWH depending on model. DCFC’s fill an EV batter to approx. 90% charge after which they provide a trickle charge so as not to damage the battery.

KWH – Kilowatt-Hour – EV Charger speeds as well as EV battery capacity are measured in KWH.

LCFS – Low Carbon Fuel Standard – in BC (and some US States) a program that aims to reduce the carbon intensity of transportation fuels. Clean fuel providers can earn credits and then sell those credits to suppliers of higher carbon intensity fuels.

• CFR – Canadian Clean Fuel Regulation Program –energy supplied via EV Chargers can generate a clean fuel credit (depending on how “clean” the energy supply is) which is then traded on the Canadian Federal Clean Fuel Regulation carbon market.

OCPP – Open Charge Point Protocol – a shared “language” between EV Chargers and charging station management systems software. Not all EV Chargers subscribe to this protocol, and of those that subscribe not all subscribe to all components.

• Overstay – term used for EVs that remain parked at an EV Charger after they have finished charging.

The standards and nomenclature are changing and often need clarification. For example: sometimes “ports” and “chargers” are used interchangeably, but they are not the same thing (SFU has twice the number of ports as chargers – because SFU’s chargers are dual-port). Various locations can each have a DCFC install, but the speed of charging can vary greatly based on the DCFC’s power rating.

The SFU Experience

SFU is pursuing a public mixed-use EV Charging concept with the goal of 74 ports by the end of 2024 and 174 ports by 2030. The implementation involves multiple 14 port “Charging Hubs” across campus fulfilling a three-part concept of infrastructure, public usage, and revenue generation.

Analysis of SFU’s electrical infrastructure indicates that 14 ports maximize efficiency and reduces the cost of the necessary infrastructure. Less and there would be “room left” on the electrical supply in various locations, more would require adding additional infrastructure (e.g., transformers). The all-in cost of such a hub approaches $300,000. This includes everything: wiring and transformers, EV Chargers, warranty and software, paint, and signage, etc. but does not include any potential subsidies (government subsidies for installation vary over time and jurisdiction).

Universities are a “City-within-a-City”. In the case of SFU, there is the University as a workplace with 14,000 vehicle trips per day and a campus population of 32,000. There is the University as a residence with 10,000 Residents on or near campus in Student Residences or adjacent market-based apartments. There is the University as a retailer with dining facilities serving 10,000 meals a day and a commercial High Street with grocery stores and restaurants. Finally, the University as a destination for the general public: the pool/gym acts as a Community Centre and events are regularly held on campus.

Figure 1 illustrates how one of SFU’s EV Charging Hubs is located to take advantage of this mixed use:

By placing an EV Charging Hub in proximity to all these uses, SFU maximizes the use of the infrastructure and the “flow of electrons” per day. In the above example faculty/staff/ students use the EV Chargers during the day, people eating at restaurants and grocery shopping use it during evenings and weekends, and residents of the apartment buildings charge their vehicles overnight (since their buildings are not retrofitted with EV Chargers). SFU fleets only charge off-peak (parking enforcement vehicles are EVs) allowing the public to use that infrastructure during the day.

Parking analytics indicate that average length-of-stay at SFU parking facilities is 3-4 hours. This length-of-stay combined with Level 2 Chargers provides the charging time users need. Using a Tesla Model 3 as an example, it has a 60KWH battery (80 KWH in the extended range model). If parked for 3-4hrs at a 7KWH Lvl2 charger, this would replenish 50% of the vehicles charge during that time. A 19KWH Level 2 charger would fully charge the Tesla.

Combining charge time with the barrier-free nature of public mixed use charging means the SFU model has 4 EVs charging per day at each port, for an average of 10.5 hours of charge time, utilizing 16,000KWH of energy per year per port as shown below (note SFU was able to install 16 ports at this location).

In the parking industry we utilize a KPI of revenue-per-stall, and over time we have realized that transient parking maximizes this KPI beyond monthly permit parking. The same is true of EV Charging. The reason SFU does not restrict EV Charging to our direct community, or to SFU fleets only, is to maximize the “flow of electrons,” maximize turnover, and thereby maximize revenue.

Being located in BC, SFU has the benefit of the BC LCFS and the ability to claim and sell carbon credits. This increases SFU’s revenue and shortens the payback time on investment. However, even without carbon credits EV charging represents a worthwhile revenue stream. SFU is still deciding on whether to: charge for electricity or charge a parking premium (e.g., regular space $5/hour, EV space $6/hr), and/or charge a reservation fee, and/or charge a penalty for overstay, etc. In addition, all jurisdictions in Canada will qualify for the federal CFR program. A revenue example from SFU’s most recent EV Charging Hub implementation is detailed below:

The above revenue numbers are only possible because of the mixed-use EV Charging strategy. SFU has been told their average of 10.5 hrs/day “flowing electrons” is the highest in Canada. If SFU restricted their charging to workplace only it would likely average 3 hrs/day, 72% less usage meaning 72% less revenue.

A further example: the average Canadian drives 15,200KM/ year or 300KM/week. Once again using a Tesla Model 3 as an example, the Tesla uses 15KWH / 100KM travelled, meaning for the 300KM/week the average Canadian drives, the Tesla would need 45KWH of charging per week. This works out to 6.5hrs of charging per week at a Level 2 Charger.

SFU’s 10.5hrs/day (74hrs/week) of mixed-use EV Charging provides enough charging at each port for the weekly needs of 11 EV drivers. At SFU’s 2030 roll-out of 174 ports that represents almost 2,000 EV drivers who are getting all the charging they need from SFU’s infrastructure. These numbers are what drive the revenue.

Future Challenges and Opportunities

Carbon Credit revenues will not last forever. SFU’s consultants expect the revenue from the BC LCFS to drop by 75% by 2030. However, the EV Chargers SFU installed in 2012 are still functional and SFU believes that the additional revenue sources listed above will continue to provide a viable revenue stream into the future.

Less well known is the impact of developing consumer behaviour in how drivers will charge their EVs. EV Charging is neither a gas station solution nor a parking solution – but something in between. Utilizing the fastest DCFC charging, it still takes 5X – 10X as long to “fill” an EV as it does to fill a gasoline powered vehicle. Some providers are pursuing a gas station model whereby the driver sits in their car or sits in a lounge while their EV chargers – essentially, they are single-tasking. SFU does not believe this is the future. Rather the future is one of parking the EV while it charges and multitasking: working, shopping, eating, going to the gym – all while the EV Charges. Consumers have yet to dictate their preference, so it is up to parking & EV Charging providers to lead the way.

The second consumer behaviour challenge is one that the parking industry is familiar with - creating a barrier-free environment for payment, validation, and data collection. As much as the OCPP standard exists in the EV Charging world, it is nowhere near as seamless as the systems the parking industry has developed for mobile payment, QR code systems, gate activation systems, etc. EV Charging still requires a variety of apps or systems to pay for parking, activate the EV Charger, and pay for the EV Charging. The same is true on the back end: a variety of systems for tracking usage, scope 3 emissions reduction, and LCFS/carbon credit reporting. There is a huger opportunity for parking systems and software providers to solve these problems, reduce barriers, and create efficiencies in this space.

After the success of multiple EV Charing Hub installations on campus, SFU is now developing a Mixed-Use EV Charging Action Lab in conjunction with other partners to assist Governments, NGOs, and other public and private organizations in meeting their 2030 and 2040 EV Charging goals. For further information, feel free to contact the author. n

ABOUT

THE AUTHOR:

David Agosti, Director – Parking & Sustainable Mobility Services Simon Fraser University daagosti@sfu.ca

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