Visual Preference Survey Pedestrian- and Transit-Oriented Design Spring 2010
Survey method 10 slides, 9 participants 5 perceptual qualities, and walkability: imageability, enclosure, human scale, transparency, complexity and walkability Rating scale 1-7 for each quality Purpose: assess influence of qualities on perceived walkability.
Results: Descriptive  Averages of ratings for the five qualities and walkability Imag. Encl.
H.S.
Tran.
Com.
Walk. All
#
#
#
#
#
Com.
Walk. All
#
 Average of all ratings Imag. Encl.
H.S.
Tran.
#
Average scores: Slide 1
Imag. Encl.
H.S.
Tran.
Com.
Walk. All
3.86
4.86
5.14
4.57
4.57
3.86
4.48
Average scores: Slide 2
Imag. Encl.
H.S.
Tran.
Com.
Walk. All
5.00
5.71
5.43
5.43
6.57
6.43
5.76
Average scores: Slide 3
Imag. Encl.
H.S.
Tran.
Com.
Walk. All
3.57
5.14
4.14
4.71
4.86
3.43
4.31
Average scores: Slide 4
Imag. Encl.
H.S.
Tran.
Com.
Walk. All
3.43
3.43
4.14
4.00
4.29
3.00
3.71
Average scores: Slide 5
Imag. Encl.
H.S.
Tran.
Com.
Walk. All
5.00
3.43
3.57
4.29
4.14
4.29
4.12
Average scores: Slide 6
Imag. Encl.
H.S.
Tran.
Com.
Walk. All
2.57
3.43
3.29
2.43
4
2
2.95
Average scores: Slide 7
Imag. Encl.
H.S.
Tran.
Com.
Walk. All
4.57
5.14
4.71
4.86
5.43
5
4.95
Average scores: Slide 8
Image. Encl.
H.Sc.
Tran.
Comp. Walk.
All
4.29
4.57
3.86
3.71
4.29
4.86
4.43
Average scores: Slide 9
Imag. Encl.
H.S.
Tran.
Com.
Walk. All
6.57
6.29
6
6.43
6.86
6.86
6.5
Average scores: Slide 10
Imag.
Encl.
H.S.
Tran.
Com.
Walk.
All
4.14
3.71
3.29
3.71
4.57
4.71
4.02
Descriptive summary Slide 9 scored the highest, at 6.5. Slide 2 scored second highest, at 5.76.
Multiple regression results  Multiple regression analysis of all perceptual qualities on walkability: R-square of .616  61.6% of the change in walkability score can be explained by ratings of the five perceptual qualities.
Individual influences  Human scale shows the strongest individual correlation at .4693.  Enclosure and complexity are close, at . 4667 and .4419.
Human scale and walkability
Enclosure and walkability
Complexity and walkability
Multiple regression results: square
R-
Std. Error of the Model 1
R
R Square .785
a
.616
Adjusted R Square
Estimate
.586
a. Predictors: (Constant), Complexity, Enclosure, Human Scale, Transparency, Imageability
.940
Multiple regression results: Coefficients Coefficients: tell the direction (+/-) of independent variable effect on the dependent variable, and which have greater effect when controlling for all variables. Enclosure has the greatest impact (.330) Enclosure is significant at the .05 level, Human scale and complexity are significant at . 10 level .10 level: 10% confidence in the null hypothesis.
Results: Coefficients Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Model 1
B
Std. Error
(Constant)
1.251
.413
Imageab ility
-.034
.137
Encl osure
.268
Human Sca le
Coefficients t
Beta
Sig. 3.032
.004
-.034
-.246
.807
.101
.330
2.664
.010
.227
.125
.229
1.814
.074
Tran spare ncy
.119
.132
.117
.90 2
.371
Co mple xity
.259
.142
.266
1.823
.073
a. Dep e nde nt Variab le: Wa lka bility
Key results 61.6% of change in walkability score is explainable by perceptual qualities Enclosure, human scale, complexity were the most influential Slide 9 highest score: 6.5 Slide 2 second highest: 5.76
Slide 9
Slide 2