ZERO IS MORE SEOUL, South Korea [37º34N, 126º58E] Population: 10 421 782
CLIMATE: temperate climate with four distinct seasons. Summer hot and humid with temperatures reaching 35º, prevailing winds south west. Summer monsoon period between June and September. Winter cold days, occasionally it snows, temperatures reaching -10º, prevailing winds Northwest.
CITY: today's cities are in focus on the discussion for measures to tackle Climate Change and Global Warming. Most of the activities taken place in a city involves energy consumption and, consequently, Greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Seoul is considered to be a mega-city, highly dense, traffic congestion and reliable on fossil fuels. Oil contributes to nearly 60% of the total CO2 emissions due to its dominant use in buildings and urban transportation and also because most of the big buildings in Seoul use oil-based central heating systems 1. Households are the main source of emissions and energy efficiency in Seoul and unless the city in not designed/redesigned with different parameters and objectives, with the population growth, problems will continue to persist and increase. To increase energy efficiency in the city and decrease GHG emissions the major problems have to be identified and solutions proposed.
ZERO IS MORE: Zero primary energy consumption, rely on renewables to provide energy. Zero Greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Zero traffic congestion. Zero air and noise pollution. Zero ignorance. More awareness of today’s reality, of today’s concerns on way we live. More recycle. More clean air. More clean energy. More green spaces. More living in community. MORE. In uncharacteristic areas of the city new neighbourhoods will appear – the eco-communities. Identified areas of the city will be demolish to give place to this new way of living. The surgical operations in the city will be a 20ha intervention each. New, transformed, sustainable neighbourhoods will be appearing in the city creating like a ‘green’ community network, and one day will be, in fact, the entire city. The new green, sustainable, clean communities that would give the opportunity for people to live in community, aware of the today's problem with energy consumption, a community with the right proportion of construction versus green area, with all the more immediate services and commerce in a walk distance in order to reduce car usage and CO2 emissions. The urban planning of these new areas will be designed in a bioclimatic approach, focusing on passive solutions – where the building do the work – and only if necessary active strategies, energy efficient ones though, will be implemented. The aim is to reduce energy consumption in order to achieve Zero GHG emissions and More life quality, resources. ‘Zero is more’ is developed in three layers: private house - ECO Building; neighbourhood - ECO Community; city - ECO City. 1
Dhakal S., Kaneko S. and Imura H., Sustainability of Asia's Mega-Cities Policies for Energy Demand and Greenhouse Gas Mitigation are the focus of research in cooperation with IHDP-IT
SUMMARY
PROBLEMS
ECO CITY
ECO COMMUNITY
ECO BUILDING
TRAFFIC CONGESTION : CO2 emissions : high number of travelling hours
HIGH CONSTRUCTION DENSITY : few green areas, open areas : influence on the inner city climate
WASTE : no proper waste treatment : not being used for energy production
GREENHOUSE GASES EMISSION : Global warming : Climate change
SOCIAL COMMUNITY : being an unknown individual : not make part of a community, not belonging
BUILDING DESIGN : inefficient energy solutions : high energy consumption : CO2 emissions
SUMMARY
PROBLEMS
ECO CITY
ECO COMMUNITY
ECO BUILDING
ECO - CITY : uncharacteristic areas of the city to be demolished : eco-communities will start to rise in the uncharacteristic areas of the city : eco-communities will start to create a ‘green network’ that will ‘affect’ and spread out through the city
NEW SKYLINE : less construction density : zero air pollution : more open, green areas for leisure times
ZERO TRAFFIC CONGESTION : eco-communities leads to a new life style : zero car, more walking and bicycle : live more local
SUMMARY
PROBLEMS
ECO CITY
ECO COMMUNITY
ECO BUILDING
ECO – COMMUNITIES : 20ha planning for uncharacterised areas of the city : 40% green and open area | 60% construction → Zero air pollution, more green areas : demolition of the area, recycling and reuse of the materials on the new constructions → Zero CO2 emission : new life style, new way of living → Zero individual, more living in community : eco-community will provide the necessary services, education, leisure, work in order to fix the population → traffic reduction
URBAN PLANNING : 4 floors height – commerce or services on the ground floor, housing on the remaining : right distance between buildings for not shade one another : vegetation surrounding the buildings
ORIENTATION : prevailing winds in Summer from Southwest : buildings orientated North – South : bigger openings South façade → cross ventilation : vegetation to in front of the building to decrease air temperature before entering the building
LIVING YOUR NEIGHBOURHOOD : zero car, zero travelling : green areas, commerce, services next to your homes : more local
RENEWABLES : waste treatment to generate energy : PV’s for the community – electricity for electric cars, traffic lights : District heating and cooling
MORE TIME : zero time on travelling : live more local and enjoy more free time
SUMMARY
PROBLEMS
ECO CITY
ECO COMMUNITY
ECO BUILDING
RENEWABLES & RECYCLE : recycle and reuse materials : renewables – solar thermal, geothermal
BIOCLIMATIC DESIGN
: 3 to 4 floors : orientation to maximize passive gains : active solutions high energy efficient appliances : high energy efficient producer - renewables
: Winter sun penetration for solar heat gains : green roof : solar thermal panels, geothermal : high insulation and tight construction : trombe wall
:
Summer
avoid
sun
penetration
with
horizontal
overhangs on the south facades : green roof : solar thermal, geothermal : allow cross-ventilation : vegetation in front of the south façade to decrease air temperature before entering the building
SUMMARY
PROBLEMS
ECO CITY
ECO COMMUNITY
ECO BUILDING