Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) Quick Scan Method by Architecture Universitas Indonesia

HISTORIC URBAN LANDSCAPE (HUL) QUICK SCAN METHOD Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Vera D. Damayanti, Hasti Tarekat Dipowijoyo,Kemas Ridwan Kurniawan, Jacqueline Rosbergen, Peter Timmer & Punto Wijayanto

Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering Universitas Indonesia Depok-West Java

2021

HISTORIC URBAN LANDSCAPE (HUL) QUICK SCAN METHOD Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Published by: Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI Depok 16424, Indonesia In collaboration with: Universitas Indonesia (UI), Jakarta IPB University, Bogor Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta Heritage hands-on, Amsterdam Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (RCE), Amersfoort Authors: Vera D. Damayanti, Hasti Tarekat Dipowijoyo, Kemas Ridwan Kurniawan, Jacqueline Rosbergen, Peter Timmer, Punto Wijayanto Text contributions with regard to Muntok provided by Kani Muthmainnah, Nia Namira Hanum and Argha Patria Dranie. Reviewed by Titin Fatimah (lecturer and researcher, Universitas Tarumanagara, Jakarta) and Naniek Kohdrata (lecturer and researcher, Universitas Udayana, Bali). The authors would like to express their gratitude to the reviewers and text contributors. Our thanks also go to the organisations for making the initial HUL Quick Scan workshops in Muntok and Banjarmasin possible. We gratefully acknowledge Jean-Paul Corten from the RCE for his support for the entire project and his input given on the handbook; the creative contributions of the students of Universitas Brawijaya (Malang), Universitas Bung Hatta (Padang), Universitas Indonesia (Jakarta), Universitas Lambung Mangkurat (Banjarmasin), Universitas Muhammadiyah (Banjarmasin), Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi (Medan), Universitas Trisakti (Jakarta), Universitas Udayana (Bali) and IPB University (Bogor); as well as the young professionals involved in these initial workshops in testing and therewith developing the HUL Quick Scan Method, and Andi F. Yahya in supervising the graphic design. Graphic Design: Fakhruriza Firmansyah Ahmad (KRYA Studio) and Asri Yuliana (KRYA Studio) Key words: HUL, historic urban landscape, urban heritage, urban regeneration, heritage management, urban revitalisation, planning, higher education, Indonesia, Netherlands Citation: Damayanti, V.D., Dipowijoyo, H.T., Kurniawan, K.R., Rosbergen, J., Timmer, P.J., Wijayanto, P. (2021). Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) Quick Scan Method Handbook for Indonesian University Lectures. Depok, Indonesia: Dept. of Architecture, Fac. of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia. Depok, 2021 ISBN: 978-623-7882-24-4

CONTENT

Prologue

A. Introduction

B. Historic Urban Landscape (HUL)

C. HUL Quick Scan Method

D. Steps in Detail

E. Workshop Process

F. Case Study Muntok

G. Case Study Banjarmasin

H. Library

List of Definitions

Bibliography

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

PROLOGUE Indonesia, an archipelago nation of more than 300 ethnic groups, has diversity in the natural and cultural landscape. The dynamic relationship between humans and the landscape has subsequently changed the urban landscape over time. The integration of cultural heritage conservation with the process of urban development seeks to safeguard the character and identity of the historic city as expressed by local culture and heritage, which are determinants of the quality of life and well-being of local communities. Landscape changes, which to some degree are caused by socio-cultural, political and economic factors, have formed historical landscapes in cities that embed heritage values, an attribute that characterises and distinguishes one city from another. UNESCO’s General Conference adopted a recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL), defining HUL as the urban area understood as the result of a historic layering of cultural and natural values and attributes, extending beyond the notion of the historic centre or ensemble to include the broader urban context and its geographical setting.The HUL approach provides the basis for a comprehensive and integrated approach for the identification, assessment, conservation and management of the HUL within an overall sustainable development framework. The conservation and development of HUL with its tangible and intangible heritage values is a multi-disciplinary concern and responsibility. The HUL Quick Scan is a method to bridge those differences to reach the common goal of HUL conservation and development that considers heritage values and solves prevailing environmental problems. By applying this approach, the heritage and local culture of each city in Indonesia can be protected and preserved for generations. The HUL Quick Scan Method in this handbook seek to become an alternative for lecturers from relevant majors in conducting learning tools. The handbook also offers an interdisciplinary approach to conduct programmes or activities relevant to civilisation challenges (industry 4.0 and society 5.0) and aligns with higher education national policy, ‘Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM)’, or the emancipated learning spirit. MBKM encourages students to choose multiple pathways to develop their competencies with flexible learning (informed self-directed learning) and envisions the lecturer as a co-pilot in the creative and innovative learning journey. The handbook can be a reference for projectbased and collaborative learning, also giving students more opportunities for off-campus learning activities. The Directorate General of Higher Education supports the collaboration of the University of Indonesia, IPB University, the University of Trisakti, the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands and Heritage hands-on in making this handbook. We hope the handbook is helpful as a reference for lecturers, researchers and practitioners of the relevant majors related to HUL. We also hope that the knowledge transfer of this practical method will impact urban heritage as well as local culture conservation and development in Indonesia.

Aris Junadi

Director for Learning and Student Affairs, Directorate General of Higher Education Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology Republic of Indonesia

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Indonesia is abundantly rich in cultural and natural heritage. Every city or rural settlement has its specific heritage features, both tangible and intangible. These features do not only determine people’s sense of belonging but may also become huge assets for sustainable development if positioned rightly. Nevertheless, revealing the development potentials of heritage features is a challenge and requires continual effort in learning and practice. This is not only applicable to Indonesia but almost every historical city in the world. The Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (RCE) is involved in heritage-based sustainable management in various ways. The quick scan method for historical urban landscapes (not to be confused with the method as presented in this handbook), for example, is a tool we developed in which heritage is linked to the social agenda and positioned as an asset for inner-city development and policymaking on a local level. This handbook is yet another example of exploring options. The method presented in this handbook is a joint product of Indonesian and Dutch knowledge and expertise and at the same time based on UNESCO’s Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach as adopted by member states in 2011. It does not seek to replace UNESCO’s HUL method but should be seen as an exercise in exploring opportunities within this framework, thereby encouraging people to start implementing HUL. Participatory workshops organised by Indonesian universities for students and/or young professionals, together with local stakeholders, communities and governments, are key in this matter. We consider this handbook an innovative Indonesian experiment for achieving the sustainable development of historic cities. The RCE is pleased to contribute at the request of Indonesian organisations. The cooperation began with workshops in Muntok (2018) and Banjarmasin (2019). Universitas Indonesia (UI), together with IPB University and Universitas Trisakti, represent Indonesia in this handbook. They are supported by the Directorate General of Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia. The Netherlands is represented by the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (RCE), which supports this project within the framework of its Shared Heritage Programme, and by Heritage hands-on, which specialises in knowledge exchange between cultural heritage institutions. The HUL Quick Scan Method Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers aims to facilitate a wider and deeper understanding of proper heritage conservation and sustainable development and expects to open doors for many to cooperate in this project in the future.

Jinna Smit

Programme Director International Heritage Cooperation Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (RCE) Ministry of Education, Culture and Science of the Netherlands

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

INTRODUCTION

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

As in many parts of the world, Indonesia’s cultural and natural heritage has enormous potential in contributing to the solution of urban challenges. There is an urge to revitalise historical inner cities and historical areas for social and economic development. Indonesian cities engaged in this matter are seeking ways to proceed, and they are becoming more and more interested in the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach. To support awareness, several stakeholders have invited the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (RCE) to share experiences in the field of urban heritage and sustainable development. This has led to a close collaboration between organisations from both countries, resulting in the HUL Quick Scan Method. The first case study on the HUL Quick Scan Method was a workshop in 2018 in Muntok, a sub-district in West Bangka, Bangka Belitung, and the second was a workshop in 2019 in Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan. Cooperation partners in both cities were government institutions, non-government organisations (NGOs), universities and the local community. As a continuing effort to disseminate the HUL Quick Scan Method in Indonesia, Universitas Indonesia (UI), IPB University, Universitas Trisakti, Heritage hands-on and the RCE produced this handbook for Indonesian university lecturers.

Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) Approach Awareness about cultural and natural heritage on a global level has increased significantly in the last three decades, especially in the context of urban development. This phenomenon was well observed by UNESCO, the formal authorities in the international field of cultural and natural heritage. In 2011 UNESCO with consent from its members adopted an approach for heritage conservation efforts called Historic Urban Landscape. The HUL approach integrates policies and practices in holistic ways to blend tangible and intangible values, uniting natural, cultural, economic and social elements and focusing on empowerment of human resources. Implementation of the HUL approach includes surveys and mapping of the city’s natural, cultural and human resources and reaching consensus using participatory planning and stakeholder consultations to determine which values to protect and develop for transmission to future generations and to determine the attributes that carry these values. It also focuses on assessment

of developments (socioeconomic, climate change) affecting these attributes and integrating urban heritage values in their vulnerability statuses into a wider framework of city development. Results of the HUL approach may significantly contribute to planning, design and implementation of development projects and help prioritise actions for conservation and development through appropriate partnerships and local management frameworks.

HUL Quick Scan Method The HUL Quick Scan Method is a practical instrument based on the HUL approach’s way of thinking. It has been developed by Universitas Indonesia, IPB University, Universitas Trisakti, Heritage hands-on and the RCE. The main focus is to inspire people to become engaged to understand historic urban areas and formulate proposals for their future development. Implementation of the HUL Quick Scan Method through a workshop – or HUL Quick Scan workshop – should be seen as a participatory activity that involves governments, stakeholders, inhabitants and entrepreneurs with the aim of inspiring people. In this way it can encourage the dissemination of the HUL approach. Key principles of the HUL Quick Scan Method are exploration, translation and inspiration. Details of these key principles are described in Chapter C of this handbook. Results of the two initial workshops of 2018 and 2019 are available online through the website of the RCE. The workshop of Muntok: https://english.cultureelerfgoed.nl/publications/ publications/2019/01/01/new-horizons-for-an-oldtin-mining-town The workshop of Banjarmasin: https://english.cultureelerfgoed.nl/publications/ p u b l i c a t i o n s / 2 0 2 0 / 0 1 / 0 1 / s a fe g u a rd i n g - a n d rejuvenating-the-identity-of-a-river-city

HUL Quick Scan Method Handbook Following a joint evaluation of the initial workshops, and based on practical experiences, improvements led to an advanced model of the method as presented in this handbook. The handbook is developed for

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

university teachers who would like to contribute added value to existing modules about heritage conservation. It is not to be seen as a new module but is rather an enrichment of what each university has developed to raise awareness about cultural heritage and to develop guidelines on how to put it into practice. The intention is that it is to be used by as many teachers as possible to reach as many students as possible. In conducting a HUL Quick Scan workshop, the academic field cooperates with the government sector, NGOs, local communities and heritage professional practitioners. A triangle among science, policy and practice is a required condition and an ideal and realistic approach in the HUL Quick Scan Method. The process of collaboration among these triangle’s elements from two previous workshops resulted in enrichment for all parties involved. Participating students and young professionals actively gained knowledge on cultural heritage and sustainable development and obtained practical experience in the field. The local government, NGOs and many others involved in the workshops became inspired to pursue integrated conservation of historic urban sites and started working together more intensively to achieve it. The handbook is written in English and Indonesian and is available online for the general public. The content is very practical and is to be used as a guideline for teachers to conduct a HUL Quick Scan workshop for students at universities. At the same time, other organisations or professionals working in the field of urban heritage are welcome to use it for their practices and organise HUL Quick Scan workshops as well. This handbook is a humble effort from all of us to support heritage-based urban development in Indonesia and to strengthen cooperation between Indonesia and the Netherlands. It is an ongoing process that may need improvement from time to time. Feedback and input are always welcome. From all members of the team, happy reading and have a great HUL Quick Scan workshop!

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

HISTORIC URBAN LANDSCAPE (HUL)

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Integrating culture in sustainable urban development has been the topic of many debates. In practice, contradictions and inconsistencies in resolving the tensions between heritage conservation goals and socioeconomic development needs are not easily solved. In many parts of the world, these tensions reflect the threats to heritage posed by unsustainable development practices and uncontrolled urbanisation. Furthermore, there is still a lack of understanding in many cases about what urban heritage is and how to treat it in the context of urban development.

The UNESCO Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape, adopted in 2011, is an important milestone, as it recognises cultural heritage and sustainable urban development as being intertwined. The ‘historic urban landscape’ is not a category of heritage designation. Instead, it should be seen as a product of historic layering (Fig. B.1) of cultural and natural values and attributes. It does not solely include a historical area but also the broader urban context and its geographical setting. Emphasising cultural, social and economic benefits, UNESCO propagates the HUL approach to achieve adequate management and integrated conservation of historic urban areas.

Figure B.1. The concept of historic urban landscape goes beyond merely traditional heritage conservation. It encompasses several layers that constitute the very essence of cities (Source: UNESCO Jakarta & PDA, 2016 adapted by Anggun).

HUL Approach Cities are dynamic entities where development is a must, cities that cannot be frozen in time. The HUL approach is therefore based on the concept of management of change and achieving a sustainable future for cities, in which urban heritage plays a vital role. ‘Urban heritage, including its tangible and intangible components, constitutes a key resource in enhancing the livability of urban areas, and fosters economic development and social cohesion in a changing global environment. As the future of humanity hinges on the effective planning and management of resources, conservation has become a strategy to achieve a balance between urban growth and quality of life on a sustainable basis’ (UNESCO, 2011, Intr. 3).

The HUL approach does not replace traditional heritage conservation but is regarded as an additional instrument in achieving heritage-led sustainable development. Implementation involves surveying natural, cultural and human resources and reaching consensus by using participatory planning and stakeholder consultations on which values to protect for transmission to and to develop for future generations, as well as determining the attributes that carry these values. Next is assessing how development (socioeconomic, environmental) may affect local attributes and integrating urban heritage values in urban development.

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

The HUL Approach The initiative for a new approach towards urban conservation was initiated with the Congress of World Heritage and Contemporary Architecture – Managing the Historic Urban Landscape held in Vienna, Austria in 2005. The congress’s purpose was to discuss the transformation of cities and its impact on historic centres. The result of the Congress was the Vienna Memorandum on World Heritage and Contemporary Architecture. HUL was introduced as a new approach to understand the value of urban heritage and to implement urban conservation. During its General Conference in 2011, UNESCO adopted the approach as the Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL). With its slogan ‘New life for historic cities’, it covers a holistic approach in which urban heritage is a social, cultural and economic asset for the development of cities. The HUL approach ‘focuses on the entire human environment with all of its tangible and intangible qualities. It seeks to increase the sustainability of planning and design interventions by taking into account the existing built environment, intangible heritage, cultural diversity, socioeconomic and environmental factors along with local community values’ (UNESCO, 2013, p.5). Figure B.2. Booklet: the HUL approach explained (Source: UNESCO, 2013).

The HUL approach focuses on four tools in its implementation: knowledge and planning tools, civic engagement tools, financial tools and regulatory systems. Adoption makes it possible to closely monitor the planning, design and implementation of development projects and to prioritise actions for conservation and development. Furthermore, appropriate partnerships, local management frameworks for the conservation and development projects identified and coordination of the various activities between different actors, both public and private, should be established. UNESCO’s

member states are working on implementing the Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape or related concepts from it. Although progress has been made, there are still elements that require additional attention – for example, implementation at the local level, dissemination of good practices, educational programmes for young professionals and participation of local communities (Hosagrahar, 2019).

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Sustainable Development Many cities worldwide are focusing on sustainable urban development. The research project Cultural Heritage Counts for Europe sheds a clear light on how cultural heritage can serve as a key driver of sustainable development (CHCfE Consortium, 2015).

This can be accomplished by incorporating a holistic perspective involving cultural, social, environmental and economic domains (Fig. B.3).While the vocabulary may differ in the context of this research project, it is this kind of perspective that this handbook pursues as well.

Figure B.3. Holistic four-domain approach diagram (Source: CHCfE Consortium, 2015, p 17).

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

In 2015 the United Nations adopted Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are designed to be a blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all (Fig. B.4). Heritage plays and can play a significant part in nearly all SDGs (Labadi, Giliberto, Rosetti, Shetabi & Yildirim, 2021). Implementation of the HUL approach can contribute extensively in this matter, in particular with Goal 11, which is about sustainable cities and communities.

Furthermore, HUL is in line with the vision presented in the New Urban Agenda adopted at the United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III) in Quito, Ecuador in 2016. This agenda focuses on the achievement of urbanisation, if well planned and well managed, as a powerful tool for sustainable development.

Figure B.4. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals (Source: UN, 2015).

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Heritage Conservation in Indonesia Globally compared, cultural heritage management is relatively new in post-independence Indonesia. Considering that the country is the largest archipelago in the world with very diverse economic, social and cultural dynamics, cultural heritage management is an ongoing process in inventing unique and appropriate conservation methods. The cultural heritage management of Indonesia has especially become crucial and important because it records an early period of awareness of the country’s struggle of identity after its independence.

The revised legal system acknowledges tangible and intangible heritage as a whole. This is a significant achievement and means that a notion of historic landscape, both in urban and non-urban areas, is recognised and strived for. Furthermore, decentralisation of heritage management to the local level of government bodies is another important element of the revised system. Each administrative area has the opportunity to promote, conserve and develop local heritage in a way that benefits the local community’s interest.

The Republic of Indonesia adopted the Monumenten Ordonnantie, which was introduced in 1931 by the Dutch colonial government to protect especially tangible heritage. This regulation evolved to be the Law No. 5/1992 on Benda Cagar Budaya (Cultural Property) and then was revised to the latest version, the Law No. 11/2010 on Cagar Budaya (Cultural Heritage). According to this law cultural heritage includes objects, buildings, structures, sites and areas and also cultural landscape from various levels of significance (Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia. Nomor 11 Tahun 2010 tentang Cagar Budaya, 2010).

Mayors and Regents have established a heritage cities network to support awareness and efforts to mobilise local heritage assets, both tangible and intangible, as assets for development. More cities have launched local heritage regulations and have established advisory councils that are certified formally by the Indonesian Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology, as heritage experts. One of the municipalities, Sawahlunto in West Sumatra (Fig. B.5), has achieved inscription in UNESCO’s World Heritage List in 2019 focusing on its heritage as a former coal mining site.

Figure B.5. The former coal mining town of the World Heritage Site Sawahlunto (Source: Wijayanto, 2020).

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Besides the government sector, other important stakeholders are civil society through various heritage societies. Heritage societies play an active role in raising awareness about cultural heritage, especially since the 1980s, when the demolition of old buildings in urban areas of Indonesia rapidly happened. Protests stimulated the establishment of heritage societies consisting of volunteers. These type of heritage societies initially emerged slowly at several places but have mushroomed in many cities and sub-urban areas of Indonesia considerably since 2000.

Heritage societies have gradually shifted their role from watchdog actors into capacity-building cooperation partners of government agencies in the cultural heritage field. Both parties are working hand in hand in improving the policies and implementation of cultural heritage conservation, which also largely contributes to a sociocultural-oriented approach in this matter.

Figure B.6. Jakarta’s Old Town has undergone major revitalisation programmes since 2015 (Source: Wijayanto, 2019).

Historic Urban Landscape – Indonesia One of the first efforts to introduce HUL in Indonesia was a HUL Exhibition in Jakarta organised by UNESCO, the Government of Jakarta, Jakarta Old Town Revitalization Corporation (JOTRC) and WHITRAP (World Heritage Institute of Training and Research-Asia and Pacific) on February 3, 2015. The overall aim of the exhibition was to share actions and support in the revitalisation of the Old Town of Jakarta with the public. All parties have also discussed cooperating to implement the HUL approach in Jakarta as an official pilot site. Over the years, the Old Town of Jakarta has been subject to many heritage conservation activities (Fig. B.6). Previously the Heritage City Planning and Conservation Programme (Program Penataan dan Pelestarian Kota Pusaka/ P3KP) initiated by the Indonesian Ministry of Public Works and the Indonesian Heritage Trust (Badan Pelestarian Pusaka Indonesia/BPPI) in 2012 was an important milestone in Indonesia. This programme has assisted municipalities and regencies in understanding the concept of HUL and how to implement it regarding local heritage assets. BPPI is one of the NGOs that are actively encouraging introduction of the HUL approach, together with the Indonesian Centre for Architecture Documentation (Pusat Dokumentasi Arsitektur/PDA). Both organisations act as expert resources for various urban heritage and HUL trainings. In the academic field more and more studies about the HUL approach in Indonesian cities are being presented at scientific meetings. It has also been integrated widely into existing curricula in modules on heritage conservation, especially by universities’ architecture departments. There are several challenges to implementation of the HUL approach in Indonesia. First, heritage conservation is often seen as a shortcut to obtain quick results of economic development through tourism. Heritage conservation is also seen as a medium mainly to achieve a prestigious status as a World Heritage Site. These common phenomena relate to an incorrect paradigm of proper and appropriate heritage conservation. The understanding that a historic urban landscape is conserved first and foremost for the benefit of local people, achieved by a bottom-up participative process involving all stakeholders to fulfil their needs and wishes, needs more attention. Unfortunately, administrative terms of government leadership often do not allow this ideal paradigm to manifest.

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Origin of the HUL Quick Scan Method Shared cultural heritage is one of the themes in focus in the Netherlands’ international cultural policy, which is the responsibility of the Dutch Ministries of Education, Culture and Science and of Foreign Affairs. The Shared Cultural Heritage Programme promotes international cooperation focusing on exchange of knowledge and expertise. Inner-city revitalisation is one of the priorities in this programme. Many countries wish to hear more of the experiences from the Netherlands and vice versa. Cross-cultural exchange of knowledge allows perspectives from multiple angles to learn from.

Indonesia and the Netherlands share a long history in cooperating in the field of heritage conservation. From the 1990s onwards workshops have been organised in the field of urban heritage, for example by using a quick scan that was developed on the basis of experiences of the Netherlands in urban renewal and area-based heritage management. This quick scan involves explaining the structure of a historical inner city in a practical way, assessing threats and opportunities and formulating future development opportunities (Corten & Lovegrove, 2018). It has been applied in cities such as Medan, Semarang, Jakarta, Padang, Probolinggo and Sawahlunto, among others, and quite recently in Ternate as well.

Figure B.7. Booklet with Dutch examples of implementation of the HUL approach (Source: RCE, 2018).

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Historic Urban Landscape – The Netherlands The Netherlands has over 470 protected town- and village-scapes. In the 20th century many of these areas suffered severely from dilapidation. Contrary to the large-scale demolition practised in the 1960s, and following widespread protest by society, revitalisation became the primary objective. Numerous historic urban areas were given a new lease of life in the 1970s and 1980s (Blom & Timmer, 2020). The Ministry of Housing and Spatial Planning and that of Culture closely cooperated with municipalities in this urban renewal project. Public-private heritage organisations on urban renewal, such as ‘Stadsherstel’, flourished, and community involvement was established as well. The 1975 Declaration of Amsterdam influenced this type of urban renewal in the Netherlands – and around the world (Jokilehto, 2007) – considerably. It introduced the concept of ‘integrated conservation’, which acknowledges that traditional heritage preservation is not sufficient to deal with urban degeneration. Urban planning should be central, including the human dimension, ensuring appropriate functions and the social and cultural diversity of historic urban sites as well as meeting the needs of contemporary life (International Council of Monuments and Sites, 2011). In the 1990s cultural historical surveys (CV, Cultuurhistorische Verkenning) were introduced as a tool focusing on ‘translation’ of area-based historical features into starting points for urban design and spatial planning. This eventually evolved into the policy adage of ‘heritage as a source of inspiration’, propagated by the Belvedere Memorandum of several Dutch ministries in 1999. In the 21st century cultural heritage gradually expanded from ‘sector’ and ‘factor’ towards a ‘vector’ in urban development (Janssen, Luiten, Renes, & Stegmeijer, 2017). With the introduction of the new integrated Environmental Act in 2022, cultural heritage will be fully embedded in spatial planning systems. Creative sectors, adaptive reuse, urban densification and redeveloping (industrial) urban sites are setting the scene in the Netherlands currently. Heritage is taken into account or serves as an asset in this matter, in line with the principles of the HUL Recommendation. This also true for a World Heritage Site such as Amsterdam (Fig. B.7). At the same time, paradigms are shifting. After years of guiding private sector activities in particular, a more balanced approach is sought in which the sense of place and community participation are receiving more attention. This comes together with the rise of major challenges for historic areas, such as housing shortages, climate change, subsidence, energy transition, gentrification, overtourism and, in some areas, population decline. The RCE is involved in these processes by giving advice, generating knowledge and creating guidelines towards adequate anticipation and intervention.

While studying the HUL approach, the RCE decided to experiment on an additional practical workshop model inspired by the HUL’s paradigm and the above mentioned quick scan. This resulted in the HUL Quick Scan Method that was tested and further developed together with Heritage hands-on, Universitas Indonesia, IPB University and Universitas Trisakti. At the request of Indonesian organisations, the HUL Quick Scan Method was first applied in two workshops in cooperation with the local governments, local NGOs, local community and several other Indonesian universities. Cooperation was executed under the frame of the Dutch government’s policy on shared heritage.

The HUL Quick Scan Method is a work in progress. The workshop reports from Muntok and Banjarmasin cover previous models with slightly different steps and emphases. Following a joint evaluation and based on practical experiences through the two workshops, the HUL Quick Scan Method was improved by the involved Indonesian universities, Heritage hands-on and the RCE. The improved model is presented in this handbook and is thus the result of a collective achievement. It brings together knowledge, expertise and culture from both the Netherlands and Indonesia; for example, Dutch experiences in development-oriented approaches and creating tools and Indonesian experiences in sociocultural-oriented approaches and incorporating narratives in planning activities are both included.

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

HUL QUICK SCAN METHOD

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Embracing HUL’s Paradigm Often it is quite obvious which are the most important historic buildings, landscape features and cultural traditions in an area. However, analysing these features in their spatial, cultural, socioeconomic and environmental context is not common practice. The latter also accounts for establishing an integrated approach to conservation and development by anticipating environmental, socioeconomic and urban issues. Participation in which experts, stakeholders, the government and the local community are involved on a level playing field is desired by many. This is, however, not always the case, despite the unambiguous fact that these actors collectively define the future of an urban site and its heritage assets. Finding an adequate response to these challenges is a

complex issue and can take years. It is not always clear what it may yield, what the benefits specifically can be or how to get people committed to the process. This is where the HUL Quick Scan Method can be of use. The HUL Quick Scan Method is a practical tool to organise a workshop on generating ideas for a sustainable heritage-inspired future of urban sites and encourage people to cooperate and contribute in this matter. It does by no means replace UNESCO’s HUL approach, which is far more comprehensive in its scope and application. Organising a HUL Quick Scan workshop should be seen as an activity that can pave the way for implementing the HUL approach (Fig. C.1).

HUL Quick Scan ANALYSIS

Tangible Heritage Intangible Heritage Resources Challenges Opportunities Participation

PERSPECTIVE

HUL APPROACH

Mission Vision Strategy

Knowledge Planning Civic Engagement Financial Tools Regulatory Systems

Figure C.1. The HUL Quick Scan Method in relation to the HUL approach.

Objective HUL Quick Scan The HUL Quick Scan Method should be regarded as a participatory activity model in the fields of cultural heritage and sustainable development. The primary goal is to inspire. It is an exercise, above all, that puts HUL’s way of thinking into practice and makes it concrete. Its practical approach makes it possible to create an overview of what the most significant tangible and intangible heritage assets are, the challenges and opportunities, what needs to be done and especially to determine (and fairly quickly at that) what might be possible to do. Its purpose is to generate a vision and proposals on conservation and development on an urban and/or regional scale, creating future perspective and a basis for future development. By doing so, it aims to create an attractive ‘horizon’ and encourage people to implement the HUL approach or work in accordance with its paradigm.

ATI

E X PL O R

HUL

QUICK SCAN

N LATIO NS

TR A

SPIRATION

Figure C.2. Key principles of the HUL Quick Scan Method.

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Key Principles The key principles (Fig. C.2) of the HUL Quick Scan Method are exploration, translation and inspiration. It is important to carefully consider these elements while performing the method.

Exploration

Exploration relates to the understanding of the historic urban environment in the broadest sense. It involves an analysis of an area’s past and present and the growth of its urban fabric, character and the narratives associated with it. What did the area and its surroundings look like, and what was its function in the past? What is its present appearance, and what are its important elements and attributes? What is its culture? What has contributed to the development or disappearance of these themes or elements? How does it function socioeconomically, what are the environmental issues and which planned and unplanned developments can be expected to affect the historic urban environment? What are the challenges and opportunities for the area involved? Interviews of people on the street, residents, shopkeepers, entrepreneurs and local government officials can teach us more about the socioeconomic situation, the history of the study area (colonialism, industry, cultural traditions) and tourism. Major issues often surface during discussions and interviews.

Translation

Translation involves converting the obtained data from the exploration into building blocks for the integrated development of tomorrow’s society using the historic urban environment – physical and non-physical attributes – as a starting point and heritage as an asset incorporated in a vision for the area involved. Conservation and the safeguarding of heritage values can play a significant role in the future development of a city. What future spatial and functional perspectives will benefit the city and the local community? Which significant heritage elements and narratives can contribute to this goal and serve as a guiding principle? How can these elements enhance the area’s character, development or redevelopment? What kind of actions or projects with regard to realisation, management or public and private involvement are needed? Input by stakeholders provides fruitful insight in the viability in this matter. In doing so the HUL Quick Scan Method also aims to connect the different interests and expertise involved.

Inspiration

Inspiration is vital in order to create local enthusiasm and subsequently generate local commitment by all involved: community, stakeholders and government. In general, inspiration is the main goal of the HUL Quick Scan and can be accomplished by involving and incorporating people’s knowledge and enthusiasm during the entire process. Using resources such as excursions, images, photos, audio-visuals, maps, social media or other instruments is essential to this goal. More specifically as an end result of the workshop, presenting proposals for the future of the selected urban site in an attractive (audio)visual way is key in achieving inspiration.Visualisations of an area’s urban history, narratives and architectural features, as well as visualising ideas and proposals that embody a sustainable heritage-led future, are important to realise. This also accounts for presenting, sharing and discussing the results with a broad audience on site. It will create dynamics and momentum in local society and contribute to favourable conditions for possible follow-up activities.

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Scope and Site Selection There is always a reason or motive in selecting a historic urban area for application of the HUL Quick Scan Method. This could be the personal interest of students, local ambitions, a desire to transform an area or the wish to rehabilitate a decayed area or anticipating unplanned and planned transformations that (could) affect the historic area. It may also be the request of local government or NGOs to consider assessing a certain urban site or topic related to the area.This motive is often intertwined with the mission or, in other words, what one wants to accomplish for the selected area in general terms.

In principle, the HUL Quick Scan Method can be applied at every scale level. It can cover a street block within an urban district, an urban district within the city or even the entire city, including its surroundings. The method can also be put in practice for rural sites, in the case of settlements and a culture closely connected to them. However, it must be said this could introduce limitations, considering that the method has been developed for urban sites.

STEP 1 - Analysis of The Historical Environment Past

Present

Layout Typology Narratives

Present/Future

Factor of Impact and Influence

STEP 2 - Challenges and Opportunities

STEP 3 - Determination of a Vision STEP 4 - Principle of a Development Functional

Spatial STEP 5 - Proposal for a Future Perspective

Conservation

Development

Design

Figure C.3. The five steps of the HUL Quick Scan Method.

Steps of the Method The HUL Quick Scan Method encompasses five steps (Fig. C.3) for application to the selected area. The sequence of these steps is interrelated, as each step is grounded in the outcomes of the previous steps. The outcomes of every step need to be clearly formulated. • Step 1 of the HUL Quick Scan Method involves achieving a deeper understanding of the historic environment in its past and present-day context. It covers elements related to the spatial, functional and cultural development throughout time, followed by an analysis of factors that (could) have or could have had an impact – or are of influence – on the historic urban landscape and should be taken into account. Because urban sites are never isolated entities, taking in a wider scale is always necessary to understand how the site functions and which developments may be of influence. • Step 2 includes identifying challenges and opportunities of the selected area, which are to be distilled from the outcomes of step 1. It covers weak and strong points as well as attributes or themes that might convey potential for future development.

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

• • •

Step 3 is the determination of a general vision for the area involved based on the results of the previous steps. This vision will provide a solid foundation for the rest of the process. Step 4 involves the formulation of basic principles following from the vision. This covers tangible and intangible features in the form of functional and spatial elements that can be used as a basis for development or redevelopment in the context of the parameters set by the vision. Step 5 involves an elaboration of the basic principles in the form of proposals and ideas about conservation via the development of the historic landscape. The focus can be on conservation and intervention, development opportunities, heritage as a catalyst for socioeconomic development, urban design, planning tools, architecture and landscaping. In this process, physical and non-physical elements serve as sources of inspiration.

Community, Government and Stakeholder Involvement A vital part of the method is involving residents, community representatives, government officials, local experts, NGOs and other stakeholders such as potential investors or entrepreneurs. They are the ones who are living or working in the study area and make the decisions that shape its future. These people know the area or city and how it functions thoroughly. Involving them can also contribute to realising a feeling of consent or contribute to a ‘common’ or ‘collective’ awareness of urban heritage and the opportunities for conservation and sustainable future development. Creating the right dynamic conditions and inspiring the government, local community and stakeholders will undoubtedly enhance the feasibility of the possible implementation of the workshop results. The workshop results can be seen as common or shared ideas of the participants on the future of the city or neighbourhood involved. It is important, however, to emphasise that in the case of a students’ HUL Quick Scan workshop, the outcomes are a product of the students. It is their vision, and it is their proposals and ideas above all. Adoption by decision makers or planners is not part of the method and should be seen as a possible follow-up. Nevertheless, sharing the final results with decision makers is extremely important, considering that the outcomes could play a role in spatial planning and city development.

Vision and Interdisciplinary Focus Formulating a vision plays a considerable part in the HUL Quick Scan Method. Nevertheless, it is a difficult step because one needs to switch from a practical to a more conceptual approach and make choices that will determine the strategy in moving forward.

A vision should embrace a positive, heritage-based perspective of the city’s future. Profoundly grounded in the assets, conditions and potentials of the study area involved, it stands for the long term. It contributes in getting and keeping all parties involved, regardless of possible implementation setbacks – which are inevitable in applying any kind of planning project – in the short term. An integrated approach requires an interdisciplinary focus.This Handbook on the HUL Quick Scan focuses on universities active in the field of architecture, landscape architecture, urban planning and history. In all cases it is highly recommended to include participants or students from another department or university – for example, in the field of sociology, anthropology, economy, physical or environmental geography, infrastructure and, for example, water management, depending on the character of the site and its challenges. It is of course also possible to involve professionals if needed or desired.

Venue of the Workshop A HUL Quick Scan workshop is about conservation and development of heritage. It is therefore important to set an example by actively using a heritage building and supporting the local economy by making it part of the study area’s living environment. A workshop venue in the study area and preferably in a historic building will foster a connection for participants with the site, its heritage and the people living there. It could create buzz and dynamics and thereby awareness among the local community. In this way there is an opportunity to open up the location and finalise with a presentation or an exhibition on site.

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

STEPS IN DETAIL

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Every historic urban site is unique and different. In order to unravel its character and accomplish a holistic and integrated approach, the presented detailed version (Fig. D.1) of the HUL Quick Scan steps in this chapter provides guidance. The following pages contain elaborated descriptions on the objective of each step, examples of various visualisation options

(presentation material of workshops in Muntok and Banjarmasin) and a question list to keep in mind during the proceedings. More information regarding the examples can be found in the workshop reports as mentioned in the Introduction of this Handbook or, if applicable, in Chapters F and G.

STEP 1 - Analysis of The Historical Environment

City/District

Layout

City/District

Typology

City/District

Narratives

Present/Future

Past

Present

i. Spatial development throughout time

ii. Historic areas, infrastructure, landmarks

iii. Built environment, public space, green/landscaping

iv. Built environment, public space, green/landscaping

v. Functions, stories, culture, traditions, events

vi. Intangible heritage, cultural activity, sense of place

Factors of Impact and Influence Cultural Knowledge, awareness, state of conservation

Social Needs, cohesion, socio-economic activity Human Demography, stakeholders, human capital Natural Ecology, water, climate change, disasters Government Urban planning, heritage policy, tourism

STEP 2 - Challenges and Opportunities Assessing challenges and opportunities of the area/site, based on the outcomes of step 1 STEP 3 - Determination of a Vision Formulating a general vision for the city/area in which heritage plays a significant role

STEP 4 - Principle of a Development Functional

Spatial

Principles for functional (re-)development, derived from the analysis, in line with the vision

Principles for spatial (re-)development, derived from the analysis, in line with the vision

STEP 5 - Proposal for a Future Perspective Proposals and ideas in which conservation, development and/or design are incorporated and combined with conditional requirements, activities and strategies in order to create favourable conditions for implementation Conservation

Development

Design

Physical and non-physical historic urban landscape elements in (urgent) need of attention and proposing interventions to facilitate sustainable development

Opportunities with repect to vital physical and non-physicalhistooric elements that are potential catalysts for urban and socio-economic development

Urban design, architecture and landscaping, in which physical and non-physical historical elements serve as starting points and sources of inspiration

Figure D.1. The 5 steps of the HUL Quick Scan Method in detail.

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

STEP 1 Analysis of the Historical Environment Step 1.i.

City/District

Layout

Past

Objectives

i. Spatial development throughout time

• Understanding the city/district by its growth and its evolution on a broad scale by mapping of the spatial development of the city/district throughout time, by using old maps or archives. • Depending on the nature of the study area, this could cover elements such as geomorphology, water, infrastructure, built-up areas (city centre/ industrial/residential, or mixed use), green areas, parks, etc. • Mapping involves the study area and its direct surroundings. • Mapping also involves a larger area (for example, city level) in a less detailed way, to understand the position of the site in a wider context.

Workshop report Banjarmasin, p. 23

Workshop report Banjarmasin, p. 25

Workshop report Banjarmasin, p. 39

Workshop report Muntok, p. 20

• • •

How did the urban growth interact with the (underlying) physical geography and natural environment? Were there specific periods of expansion, what was the result, what differences occurred and how and what caused them? Which functions dictated the urban evolution?

Questionnaires

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

background: “1935 bebouwing lang rivier” KITLV

PETA BANJARMASIN DARI MASA KE MASA

Step 1.ii.

Present

1885 : Belanda masuk ke Banjarmasin 1916 : Kemunculan Kampung dan mendirikan Benteng Tatas di tengah Pusat Kota. Pedagang dari Cina mendirikan pemukiman disepanjang mulut sungai Martapura

disepanjang pinggiran sungai. terutama bagi para pedagang

Objectives

oleh pemerintah Hindia Belanda

ii. Historic areas, infrastructure, landmarks

pertumbuhan penduduk semakin pesat sehingga terbentuklah banyak area kumuh dan menjadi permasalahan kota. Pertumbuhan jalan darat yang semakin pesat sehingga penduduk kota lebih dominan menggunakan jalan darat daripada sungai. Sehingga banyaknya sungai yang menyempit dan mati.

Layout

1940's : Pertumbuhan Jalan darat semakin pesat dan pertumbuhan kampung serta penduduk juga semakin pesat

1984 - 2004 : Pertumbuhan perkotaan semakin pesat

City/District

• Understanding the historic context on a broad scale, by identifying historic urban layout and its assets such as historic districts, areas, infrastructure and landmarks. • Depending on the nature of the study area, this could cover elements such as city centres, distinctive cultural areas, public spaces, green areas, parks, roads, water ways, religious buildings, reinforcements, hospitals, palaces, bridges, markets, etc. • Mapping involves the study area, and its direct surroundings. • Mapping also involves a larger area in (for example city level) in a less detailed way, to understand the position of the site in a wider context.

1927 : Mulai dibangun Jalan darat

Banjarmasin Sekarang

Banjarmasin Tempo Dulu

Kampung Sebagai Identitas Kota Banjarmasin Pertumbuhan kota Banjarmasin yang pesat melahirkan banyak kampung-kampung pinggiran sungai. Antara lain seperti yang tertera di peta persebaran kampung. Masing-masing kampung memiliki sejarah dan identitas masing-masing. Kuin

Kampung Sebrang Mesjid

Kuin

Sabilal Muhtaddin Area

Pusaka Tak Teraga Kota Banjarmasin

Kebudayaan yang tumbuh di kota banjarmasin dari dulu hingga sekarang melahirkan banyaknya pusaka tak teraga seperti yang tertera di peta.

33 67 KETERANGAN: 1. Pulau Sewangi (Pusat pembuatan Jukung) 2. Pasar Terapung Kuin 3. Sentra Pembuatan Tangui 4. Sentra Pembuatan Ketupat 5. Sentra Pembuatan Sasirangan 6. Sentra Soto Banjar 7. Musik Panting 8. Sentra Penjualan Beras 9. Lontong Orari 10. Wadai Maksuba 11. Sentra Kayu Ukiran

11 7

9 5

Penjualan Beras Kelayan

Pembuatan Jukung Pulau Sewangi

Pembuatan Sasirangan Sungai Jingah

Tempat Bersejarah Kota Banjarmasin Sejarah kota Banjarmasin dari era Kerajaan banjar, era Kolonial, era pasca-kolonial hingga sekarang menyimpan sejarah panjang kota. Adapun tempat-tempat tersebut dijelaskan pada peta berikut.

1 3

8 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

Makam Sultan Suriansyah Masjid Sultan Suriansyah Makam Datu Buaya (Baya) Kuning Masjid Jami Sungai Jingah Pasar Lama Museum Wasaka Kubah Surgi Mu�i Masjid Raya Sabilah Muh adin Klenteng Suci Nurani Klenteng Po An Kiong Gereja Katedral Keluarga Kudus Rumah Pusaka Cina Kelayan Makam Antung Si Aminah Zuriyat Datuk Kalampayan Makam Basirih

11 10 12

14 13

Kubah Surgi Mufti

Mesjid Sultan Suriansyah

Mesjid Jami Titian

Ruang Terbuka Publik

Workshop report Muntok, p. 18

Workshop report Banjarmasin, p. 68 sebagai area berjualan

sebagai tempat bermain

sebagai tempat sosialisasi

Workshop report Banjarmasin, p. 35

• • • • Questionnaires

Workshop report Banjarmasin, p. 69

What remained and disappeared, and why? Which elements are most obvious marking the urban layout, why did they survive? What are the most significant historic assets in the urban layout? What is the area’s historical significance on a city level?

Banjarmasin Sekarang

Banjarmasin Tempo Dulu

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Step 1.iii.

City/District

Typology

Past

Objectives

iii. Built environment, public space, 12 green/ 21landscaping

• Analyzing the historical physical or tangible ‘character’ of the study area. Kuin looks at • Rather than focusing on Mesjid each individual building, Sabilal Muhtaddin Areathis exercise Kampung Sebrang the ‘typology’ of the area’s built environment, infrastructure, public space, and green elements, covering features such as spatial arrangements, Pusaka Tak Teraga Kota Banjarmasin green, water and built patterns, building lines and volumes, as well as typical architectural features and natural or landscaped elements. Kebudayaan yang tumbuh di kota banjarmasin dari dulu hingga sekarang melahirkan banyaknya pusaka tak teraga seperti yang tertera di peta.

67 KETERANGAN: 1. Pulau Sewangi (Pusat pembuatan Jukung) 2. Pasar Terapung Kuin 3. Sentra Pembuatan Tangui 4. Sentra Pembuatan Ketupat 5. Sentra Pembuatan Sasirangan 6. Sentra Soto Banjar 7. Musik Panting 8. Sentra Penjualan Beras 9. Lontong Orari 10. Wadai Maksuba 11. Sentra Kayu Ukiran

11 7

9 5

Penjualan Beras Kelayan

Pembuatan Jukung Pulau Sewangi

Pembuatan Sasirangan Sungai Jingah

1 3

8 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

11 10 12

Workshop report Muntok, p. 18

Workshop report Banjarmasin, p. 43

14 13

Kubah Surgi Mufti

Mesjid Sultan Suriansyah

Mesjid Jami Titian

Ruang Terbuka Publik

sebagai area berjualan

sebagai tempat bermain

sebagai tempat sosialisasi

Workshop report Banjarmasin, p. 23

• • • Questionnaires

•

Workshop report Banjarmasin, p. 68

Which kind of urban pattern(s) and building volumes were present throughout time? Which building types, architectural, green and water features were present in the past? How did ‘function and use’ shape these patterns, building types and features? How did these elements interact with the natural environment?

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Step 1.iv.

Present

Objectives

•

City/District

Typology

iv. Built environment, public space, green/ landscaping

•

Workshop report Muntok, p. 22

Workshop report Banjarmasin, p. 43

• • • • Questionnaires

Analyzing the present-day physical or tangible ‘character’ of the study area, and identifying what has changed over the years. Rather than focusing on each individual building, this exercise looks at the ‘typology’ of the area’s built environment, infrastructure, public space, and green elements, covering features such as spatial arrangements, green, water and built patterns, building lines and volumes, as well as typical architectural features and natural or landscaped elements.

Workshop report Muntok, p. 21

Workshop report Banjarmasin, p. 23.

What has remained and what has disappeared, and why? What historic urban pattern and building volumes are present and how do they function? What are distinctive building types and representative architectural and landscaping features? What are characteristic functions (residential, offices, public services, urban facilities, etc.)?

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Step 1.v.

City/District

Narratives

Past

Objectives

v. Functions, stories, culture, traditions, events

• Searching for historical narratives in the study area when it comes to functions, specific culture, cultural traditions and events in history. The purpose of this step is to gain insight into stories, events, traditions and the cultural and socio-economic activity throughout time, in relation to the historic urban landscape.

Workshop report Muntok, p. 23

Workshop report Banjarmasin, p. 42

• • • • • Questionnaires

Workshop report Banjarmasin, p. 41

Workshop report Banjarmasin, p. 44

What kind of cultural identities can be identified throughout time? What traditions (cultural, religious) were present in the past? Which historical events occurred in the past? Was the location associated with any important person? What were the most important functions from a socioeconomic point of view?

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Step 1.vi.

City/District

Narratives

Present

Objectives

vi. Intangible heritage, cultural activity, sense of place

• Searching for present-day narratives of the study area and identifying what has changed over the years. This exercise covers intangible heritage in relation to the historic urban landscape, for example socioeconomic significance, cultural traditions, places of remembrance and historic and present-day functions. Including sense of place which is directly connected to the non-physical character of the study area.

Workshop report Muntok, p. 24

Workshop report Banjarmasin, p. 41

Workshop Muntok, p. 23

Workshop report Banjarmasin, p. 44

• • • • Questionnaires

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Step 1.vii.

Objectives

Factors of Impact and Influence

This step concerns the identification of general factors of impact and influence from a cultural, social, human and government point of view. This covers present-day conditions and planned or unplanned changes and future developments that affect the historic urban landscape. This step involves the study area and a larger area (city level), because almost every resource or development is intertwined with its surroundings. Examples are: • Historical knowledge and cultural awareness • The state of conservation of cultural heritage features • Social needs of residents and social cohesion • Socioeconomic activities and changes that occur • Demography • Important stakeholders and human capital available • Environmental issues (pollution) related, for example, to ecology and water • Climate change resulting in urban heat islands/rising sea level • Disaster-prone areas and disaster preparedness (earthquakes, volcanos, tsunamis, etc.) • Policy, spatial planning rules and zoning of the government • Urban planning and unplanned developments or transformations • Heritage policy, public relations (PR), placemaking and tourism (facilities, policy) Examples

Workshop report Muntok, p. 25

Workshop report Banjarmasin, p. 25

Questionnaires

Workshop report Muntok, p. 27

Workshop Banjarmasin, p. 25

• Which factors of impact and influence are a benefit, or a threat, today for the spatial and functional development of the historic urban landscape? • Which factors of impact and influence are a benefit, or a threat, in the future for the spatial and functional development of the historic urban landscape?

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

STEP 2 Challenges and Opportunities Step 2

Objectives

Challenges and Opportunities

Step 2 assesses the challenges and opportunities. The previous step made it possible to obtain insight into the area’s urban history and heritage, tangible and intangible, and also its resources and the changes and developments that (will) take pace. It is possible to assess the challenges and opportunities derived from these. These are often weak and strong points, but this step also requires reflection on the consequences or possibilities that arise from them. Elaboration of challenges and opportunities should be made visible in a compact scheme. Examples

Workshop report Muntok, p. 25

Workshop report Banjarmasin, p. 45

Questionnaires

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

STEP 3 Determination of a Vision Step 3

Objectives

Step 3 covers what you want to realise for the area in general, in the long term. It involves a very brief and to-the-point formulation on ambitions, based on the outcomes of the previous step. The city’s natural and cultural heritage plays an important part in this vision, or it serves as a driver in achieving the goals. All participants in the workshop must agree on the vision and keep the vision in mind as the goal to be reached. Determination of a Vision

A vision presents what your goal is for the study area. It covers future perspectives on the area’s urban development, with conditions for development, redevelopment, changes and using and enhancing existing qualities. A vision should encompass the ambition to realise a lively, attractive, sustainable place for inhabitants to live and work that accommodates their needs, or even an area that companies would like to invest in and that tourists would like to visit. Elaboration of the vision should be made visible in a few bullets only. Examples

Workshop report Muntok, p. 26

Workshop report Banjarmasin, p. 46

Questionnaires

• What is needed to realise sustainable development and resilient communities? • How should the area develop in the long run, and what makes it unique? • How can core values play a part in this uniqueness? • What is essential to realise a vital area and accommodate local needs? • Which specific theme(s) are important to incorporate?

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

STEP 4 Principles for Development Step 4

Objectives

Step 4 covers how you want to realise the vision for the area, elaborated in general principles. It involves a very brief and to-the-point formulation of principles, based on the outcomes of the previous step, which are necessary to follow the ambition. Principles for Development

Principles emanate from the vision and include functional and spatial elements. Principles could be used as a basis for (re)development and integrating heritage as a condition or asset for future development. This means it is not an elaborated plan but a starting point to build on. This is very important because a principle includes a general and durable direction for the development of the study area. Elaboration of the principles should be related to the vision and made visible in a few bullets only. Examples

Workshop report Muntok, p. 27

Questionnaires

Workshop report Banjarmasin, p. 47

• Which elements are essential for (re)development from the perspective of the city’s cultural history? • Which heritage assets need improvement and require action regarding safeguarding, and why is that important for the city’s future development? • Which heritage assets can serve as a source of inspiration as part of a development principle? • What should be the guiding principles with regard to orientation, typology, structure, volume, public space, private space, building lines, sight lines, panoramic views, infrastructure, green, water, functions, etc.? • Is it possible to join other projects or developments with regard to the realisation of the vision? • What is already happening (cultural, natural, socioeconomic, local, regional, national) that might be useful to tap into? • Are there any broader developments (regional, provincial, national) that are necessary in order to reach the goals?

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

STEP 5 Proposals for a Future Perspective Step 5

Objectives

Step 5 involves elaboration of the principles in the form of specific and concrete project proposals and thereby formulating future perspectives for the area in accordance with the vision. Proposals for a Future Perspective

Proposals can cover elements such as conservation, development and design in order to realise the vision and principles. Given the integrated and holistic approach of HUL, these elements are in most cases directly intertwined and could/should therefore be part of every proposal. Furthermore, every proposal should include conditional requirements, activities and strategies in order to create favourable conditions for implementation. A visually appealing presentation is very important to inspire people. Examples

Workshop report Banjarmasin, p. 57

Workshop report Banjarmasin, p. 37

Questionnaires

Workshop report Banjarmasin, p. 49

Workshop report Banjarmasin, p. 30

Workshop report Muntok, p. 27

• How can we conserve, reuse or redevelop outstanding examples of cultural expressions and identity (such as landmarks or other important places) and use them as catalysts for urban development to benefit local society? • How can revitalisation or transformation, by encompassing physical and non-physical elements as sources of inspiration, be realised? • How do the proposals take urban, socioeconomic and cultural conditions into account? • How are environmental issues, social needs, climate change and other topics relevant to the site that need to be involved integrated in the proposals? • How is urban design, spatial planning, architecture and landscaping incorporated, focusing on continuity of urban, architectural, cultural, social, natural features? • Does future development, rehabilitation of the character of an area or adaptive reuse of abandoned buildings involve the socioeconomic context?

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

WORKSHOP PROCESS

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Workshops in the fields of architecture, urban design, landscape architecture and cultural heritage require adequate arrangements. This is specifically evident in the case of interdisciplinary and participatory tools such as the HUL Quick Scan Method. The following elements with regard to preparation of the workshop, performing the workshop and dissemination of the results should be carefully taken into account as part of the working method of the HUL Quick Scan. Figure E.1 provides a brief overview of the workshop process. Preparation of the Workshop Lecturers: • Obtain a workshop brief or short statement on issues or challenges in relation to a site. A HUL Quick Scan workshop might be initiated by the local government, local community or possible stakeholders. The brief should state the purpose and how and when the result of the HUL Quick Scan workshop will be used. • Conduct preliminary study to collect historical data, which will be processed to understand the growth, the logic and the appearance of the site. When adequate data is not available, lectures should consider involving historians or exploring the oral history of the area. • Involve and notify the local community, local government and possible stakeholders about the workshop in advance. They should be informed of the purpose and duration of the workshop. Invite them to reflect on the first outcomes in a midterm session during the workshop. • Determine the scope and scale of the HUL Quick Scan. Find an adequate balance between the scale of the area to select, time available in applying the method, organisations and people who could/need to be involved and the topics that need to be addressed. • Select or invite participants with different backgrounds to achieve an interdisciplinary result. Group formation is also to be done prior to the workshop. A maximum of 5–10 persons for one group is best suitable to achieve a cocreative activity and allow all participants to be equally involved. • There are several options when it comes to group formation. Several groups working separately on one urban area is an interesting option. They will be inspired by the similarities and differences in the outcomes.The process will most probably demonstrate that engagement in the field of urban heritage is not rocket science.

• Following the objectives step by step is of the utmost importance. Each group should follow all steps of the method for a certain area. It is preferable that all students be involved in performing all of the steps to understand and experience the philosophy behind the method. Participants: • Learn about the HUL approach and conduct a desk study covering parts of step 1 of the HUL Quick Scan Method prior to the workshop. • Check the separate section in the Library of this Handbook on finding data that can be helpful; in particular, the brochure ‘Digging4Data’ consists of several tips. For example, while searching for maps or old photos, consider that geographical names and spelling were often different in the past. Performing the Workshop • Start with a kick-off meeting with all relevant parties. It is important to work on expectations by explaining what you want to accomplish and the process to follow. Find a creative way to make people enthusiastic, for example by giving some inspiring examples of projects in other cities. • While elaborating on step 1, it is important to explore the site, its setting and the urban context by field visits.This is necessary in understanding site information but also in experiencing the built environment and discovering its features, functions and characteristics, especially sense of place, representative elements and connections, sight lines, panoramic views and other significant urban details.Typology and architecture are also considered. • Combine field visits with interviews of people on the street, such as residents, shopkeepers, entrepreneurs and local government officials. They can teach us more about the urban past, traditions, socioeconomic situation, tourism and other related subjects. Question or topics to be involved are: - Which features are appreciated? - What is lacking (material, functional)? - What needs to be improved? - Are people aware of the area’s cultural history? - Ask people to tell their stories about the area. - Show them images of specific elements.What is their response?

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

• When the first four steps is nearly completed, organise a stakeholder meeting for consultation and feedback. This meeting is important to see whether the analysis, vision and principles are feasible. Take their wishes, experiences and ambitions into account. It will enrich proposals and ideas and will contribute to a realistic, adoptable and practical result at the same time. • The outcomes of the stakeholder meeting should thus be incorporated into the rest of the process, which will be presented in a final presentation on location with decision makers, all partners and stakeholders and residents who gave input or feedback. • Again, involving stakeholders such as the government, experts, NGOs and representatives of the local community is crucial in reaching a result that is practical and can create commitment. Heritage connects people! Therefore, it is important to consider carefully how to transfer the outcomes visually, in order to inspire the people involved. Invite local media and use social media in covering the outcomes of the workshop, and think of interesting framing to tell the story.

Dissemination of the Results • Dissemination of the results by, for example, a travelling exhibition, or organising events, can have an intensive effect on the implementation. It is also possible to use social media or organise separate meetings to present the results, for example with the local government, considering their ambitions and policy, or with representatives of the community, NGOs or private companies that have projects in the area or want to invest.

Dos and Don’ts • Although it may be extremely fascinating from a historical and architectural point of view, don’t get lost in analysing the site. Monitor this process. Remember that it is a quick scan and an exercise in analysing, not an extensive survey or dissertation. • Avoid jumping directly to solutions (step 5), but follow the steps carefully. They are interrelated with the aim to achieve a result that is well founded and solidly substantiated. • Consider stakeholders and residents as essential to involve. Their knowledge and experiences are crucial for realising a workable and fruitful result, and involving them can unlock human capital for possible implementation after the workshop. • Always contemplate from a holistic point of view. Urban sites are never isolated entities but are part of a larger context and systems that include the entire city and beyond. • Keep it integrated! Proposals on tourism, for example, which do not include the social needs of residents and their wishes, or environmental issues, to name another, are not in accordance with HUL’s paradigm. • Visualisation is extremely important to deliver a message and evoke inspiration. Photos, videos, drawings and maps are essential to underline, explain and illustrate ideas. • An integrated method requires an interdisciplinary approach. Involve, next to urban, architectural and historical disciplines, for example, social, economic or political disciplines.

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Workshop Process

•

PREPARATION

• • • •

•

KICK-OFF MEETING

•

• •

•

STEPS 5

•

FINAL PRESENTATION

•

DISSEMINATION

•

Input » organise a meeting with experts, the local government and community representatives to receive their input. Consultation » present the preliminary results of analysis, vision and principles (steps 1-4) during the meeting to receive feedback. Processing » incorporate input and feedback in the analysis/vision/principles and directly in the proposals of step 5. Preparation presentation » consider how to present the result, where, and to whom, in a creative and/or visually attractive way. Stakeholders » organise a (public) meeting and present the result to government decision makers, involved stakeholders and residents. Location » choose a location in the area, invite local media, use social media and generate buzz and dynamics. Exhibition » think about dissemination, for example by organising a travelling exhibition or public events about possible follow-up. Stakeholders » if relevant/applicable, discuss the results with stakeholders as well (for example, the local government).

Figure E.1. The workshop process of the HUL Quick Scan Method.

ION

HUL

QUICK SCAN

SPI

RATION

ATION

STAKEHOLDER MEETING

Field visits » organise on-site visits to assess the study area’s features and take enough time to discover its sense of place. Interviews » combine on-site visits with interviewing residents, visitors, vendors and entrepreneurs on their knowledge and input.

NS L RA

WORKSHOP HUL QUICK SCAN

STEPS 1-4

Opening » organise a kick-off meeting and, if relevant applicable, invite stakeholders to join. Expectations » explain the goals and process of the workshop thoroughly during the meeting.

RA T

•

Statement » create a workshop brief or short statement on issues or challenges in relation to a historic urban site. Preliminary study » check the availability of historical data, stakeholders to involve and additional experts to invite. Scope » determine the scope, the study area (city, district or site) and duration of the HUL Quick Scan workshop. Group formation » take the interdisciplinary focus into account and create groups, each following all steps of the method. Instructions » provide adequate information on HUL and scope, and stimulate preparation of step 1. Venue on-site » set an example by choosing a venue for the workshop, or stakeholders’ meetings, located in the study area. Stakeholders » Invite the local community, local government and others (NGOs) to join the stakeholder meeting/final presentation.

E X PL O

•

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

CASE STUDY: MUNTOK

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Mission

Figure F.1. Muntok’s urban landscape in 1928 and today (Source: KITLV, 1928; Kurniawan, 2018).

Muntok is the capital city of the West Bangka Regency, which is part of the Bangka Belitung Province. The sub-district Muntok, also well known as Mentok, is composed of approximately 469 km2 with 45,523 inhabitants. It consists of tropical sandy beaches, tropical forests, the 400-metre-high Menumbing Hill, tin mining pits and smelter facilities, white pepper plantations, palm oil plantations, multicultural traditions, built environment and an impressive cultural heritage. The expansion of tin mining started with local people and Siantan families, who involved the Chinese, and gradually grew into a renowned business on a world scale during colonial rule by the English and later the Dutch. Muntok’s urban landscape is a product

of this history (Fig. F.1) and consists of a harbour, Malay and Arab settlements, a Chinese quarter and a ‘company town’ built by the colonial administration of the Dutch East Indies and the tin mining company. While tin mining is becoming more restricted and the Indonesian government wants to stop illegal operations, the town of Muntok is in search of alternatives to regenerate itself. In many cases, the condition of the town and the livelihood of the inhabitants is not what it used to be (Fig. F.2). How can Muntok face its challenges and find a way to improve the living environment and bring ‘new life’ into the town? Is it possible to use heritage as an asset for its future development?

Figure F.2. The topography of Muntok’s landscape and environmental issues (Source: Kurniawan, Soedjalmo & Nuraini, 2020).

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

From 3–6 November 2018, the HUL Quick Scan workshop was held in the Santa Maria Junior High School in the town of Muntok. The RCE, together with PanSumNet, Universitas Indonesia, Universitas Trisakti and Universitas Medan Area in cooperation with the West Bangka Government and Museum Timah Indonesia Indonesia (Indonesian Tin Museum), conducted a HUL Quick Scan through a workshop. The workshop team consisted of 5 mentors and 7 participating students of Architecture and Landscape Architecture and was assisted by the local authorities and other local organisations.

Location : The Santa Maria Junior High School, Muntok, West Bangka Schedule : 3–6 November 2018 Total hours : 32 hours Participants/groups : 7 students (Architecture and Landscape Architecture), comprising 1 group Mentors : 5 people

Figure F.3. The mentors and students at Menumbing Hill (Source: Timmer, 2018).

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Exploration Total hours : 12 hours (1.5 days x 8 hours) Method : Lectures, data collection/field observation/field interviews, documentation, discussion, analysis/synthesis, presentation Resource persons : Local people (elderly people) The first key of the three elements, namely exploration, focused on understanding the place and its physical and nonphysical as well as tangible and intangible heritage features. Exploration began with an assignment as preparation for the first step of the method in understanding the historical and present urban environment. Students were asked to do the individual exercise prior to the workshop. They were asked to look closely at the urban history: how did the city develop over time? What are its main characteristics in the present? What do the students think is particularly interesting about this character? The students presented their pre-workshop exercises on the first day of the workshop.

To ease this first element of the HUL Quick Scan 2018, mentors and students were divided into 3 subgroups (Table F.1). Next, they conducted field surveys to analyse, in relation to the historical urban environment, the character of several distinctive areas: ethnic clusters, riverfront/seafront areas and the former European company town. At the same time, they interviewed the town’s inhabitants when possible to hear stories on the city’s history (Fig. F.4), challenges and local needs.

Table F.1. Group Formation

Subgroup A

Narrative of the City, Social Culture/Intangible Aspects, Comparison between Past and Present

Subgroup B

Morphology and Typology (Tangible Aspects)

Subgroup B.1

Urban/Landscape – Macro Aspects

Subgroup B.2

Architecture

Subgroup C

Environmental/Landscape – Micro Aspects

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Figure F.4. Student receiving first-hand stories of a former assistant of Sukarno during interviews (Source: Workshop Team, 2018).

The results from observation, documentation, interviews and discussion on the first exploration phase were as follows: Subgroup A 1. Muntok has always been attached to tin and houses the Museum Timah Indonesia, created by PT Timah Persero (Tin Mining Company), where its tin mining history is told (Fig. F.5). To this day, the town has the biggest tin smelter and tin exporting harbour in the world. The smelting centre called Unit Metalurgi Timah has also been established in Muntok. 2. White pepper was one of the most famous products from Muntok, and its trade and commerce has constituted an important industry for the city since the early 20th century. Muntok white pepper is still distributed throughout the world because of its high quality.

Muntok is also called Kota Seribu Kue (City of a Thousand Cakes). This is because the cake business from home in Muntok is well known for its many different types of cakes, reflecting interactions between many cultures inherent to the community – according to the clusters: Chinese, Malays and European. In addition to tin, pepper and cake are important elements from an economic point of view as well as cultural and human resources. 3. During the struggle for independence, Muntok played an important role, and several places in Muntok’s urban landscape are connected to this history. For example, Pesanggrahan Muntok and Pesanggrahan Menumbing were places of exile for two founding fathers of Indonesia, Sukarno and Hatta, as well as other leaders. These two places have become a source of Indonesian national history in Muntok.

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Figure F.5. Former headquarters of Bangka Tin Winning Bedrijf (BTW), built in 1915, which is now the Museum Timah Indonesia (Source: Timmer, 2018).

Subgroup B 1. The urban layout of Muntok consists of four areas/clusters: Chinese, Malay, European and Harbour, (Fig. F.6), which all have their own distinctive urban features (Table F.2; Fig. F.7).

2. In relation to the landscape and its geomorphology, the differences in heights and sight lines – for instance from the seashore to Menumbing Hill – explained the situation of buildings.

Figure F.6. Muntok was divided into four clusters (Source: Arifin, Dranie, Hanum, Hervando, Krista, Muthmainnah & Rifka, 2018).

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Table F.3. Analysis of the urban characteristics per cluster.

Urban Characteristic

Existing in Present

Harbour Area

• Storage, offices • Fisherman boats, fishing boxes • Building towards port • Vibrant area

China Cluster

• High density, mix of low and high buildings • Hybrid architecture • Bird nesting • Landmarks of Chinese society

Malay Cluster

• Lower density, low buildings • Green and open, green public spaces • Old is wood, new is brick • Road use of mixed concrete

European Cluster

• Lower density, plenty of space • Important buildings are higher • Residential offices • Green lines and parks • Schools and masonry

Figure F.7. The main square of Muntok, where the Jami Mosque and the Chinese Temple are located next to each other (Source: Timmer, 2018)

Figure F.8. Different architectural typologies with European, Malay and Chinese features (Source: KITLV, 1929; Timmer, 2018; KITLV, 1900).

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

3. The river plays an important role as an urban vein. By delivering sedimentation and by overflowing, it has had a key role in the development of the urban landscape of Muntok. 4. The urban typology, such as street layout, orientation of buildings, roof shape and material, differs per quarter (Fig. F.8). This typology is dynamic, changing due to new developments. Subgroup C 1. The lower areas of the town suffer from flooding; therefore, the historical houses in them have an elevated structure. But presentday development does not always take flooding into account, which means the historical situation could be used as inspiration. 2. Kampongs in the Malay cluster are starting to lose their identity as concrete buildings and/or tarmac paving of the area’s public and private spaces are added. In addition, this also makes the kampongs more prone to floods.

Many buildings built by the colonial tin mining company (Bangka Tin Winning Bedrijf, BTW) hold some of the most remarkable features of the town. In combination with its multi-ethnic character, Muntok white pepper, several traditional crafts – including Kain Cual or traditional woven fabric – and the growing concern about historical assets led to recognition of Muntok as a West Bangka Heritage Town (declared on 17 December 2013). Stakeholder and community consultation was very helpful in determining which values should be protected for transmission and future development, including socioeconomic and touristic development. Field visits revealed there were several vacant historical buildings awaiting new life. Bird nesting houses – big concrete buildings with ‘blind facades’ – have a negative impact environmentally and are alien to the historical urban setting. The river (Fig. F.9) and the sea, natural assets that were directly intertwined with daily life in the past, suffer from pollution as a result of tin mining.

Figure F.9. How to reconnect the ancient river (Mentok Tawar) with the community is an important challenge to address in the city (Source: Timmer, 2018).

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Table F.3. Challenges and opportunities.

Challenges

Opportunities

Neglected/Vacant Buildings River (environmental pollution, tin mining waste, etc.) River (reconnect with the community) Waste Management Port and Sea (Environmental) Panorama from the Sea Sustainable Growth Tin Mining Swallow Bird Nesting

Fishery Industry Green City (Kampong) Port/Historic Harbour Redevelop Mining Pits Panorama from the Sea Tin Mining Social Cohesion Open Space for Community Creative Community Cultural Diversity and Distinguishing the District Tin as a Touristic Product Swallow Bird Nesting Beach Recreation National History Muntok White Pepper Natural Green Landscape Garden City (designed European quarter)

Translation Total hours : 8 hours (1 days x 8 hours) Method : Included lectures, data collection/observation/ interviews, documentation, discussion, analysis/synthesis, presentation Resource persons : Government representation and local people The next phase in the workshop focused on translation of the analysed data into a vision and principles to develop Muntok in the future. This involved Muntok’s tangible heritage and in particular narratives regarding aspects of community life and their environment. During the process of their exploration, students learned that Muntok’s narratives could play a key role in the town’s future development. As an initial step in formulating a vision, the workshop mentors directed students to cluster challenges with content-related opportunities. Then categories were defined by looking at the possible solutions, which later produced themes to arrange the vision into more engaging sentences. During this process

mentors provided suggestions for inspiration in order to stimulate discussions. At the final stage mentors and students re-evaluated the vision and decided that it covered the following elements: • Heritage as a catalyst for developments • Sustainable community-based touristic development • Giving the river back to the city • Redevelopment of seafront • Redevelopment of natural/green scenery

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Figure F.10. The formulation of a vision based on the student’s analysis (Source: Arifin, Dranie, Hanum, Hervando, Krista, Muthmainnah & Rifka, 2018).

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

The students were instructed to look at basic principles, both from a functional and spatial perspective, deriving from the vision they developed. During that discussion process, participants were divided into two groups based on their specialisations and educational backgrounds. The division of groups and the results of their discussions are as follows: • Group 1 (Participants from Architecture and History and Architectural Theory) Table F.4. Vision and principles of group 1.

Vision

Principle

• Heritage as a catalyst for developments

• Adaptive reuse of the historical buildings and their surroundings according to historical values. • Using narratives of Muntok as the source of inspiration.

• Sustainable community-based touristic development

• Accommodate and develop Muntok’s cultural assets (tin, fishery, white pepper, cakes, national history and traditional textile).

• Group 2 (Participants from Architecture and Landscape) Table F.5. Vision and principles of group 2.

Vision

Principle

• Giving the river back to the city

• Improving the quality of the river and surrounding ecosystem, improving quality of life and reviving the historical physical connection and functions.

• Redevelopment of seafront

• Redeveloping the old harbour and the traditional settlement around the beach for recreational purposes. • Safeguarding open view at the sea, Muntok’s skyline, with Menumbing panorama as the background.

• Redevelopment of natural/green scenery

• Improving ecosystem (sea, land and rivers), stopping tin mining at the sea. • Using the historical green character and landscape as a source of inspiration for the natural and built environment.

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Inspiration Total hours : 12 hours (1.5 days x 8 hours) Method : Included lectures, data collection/observation/ interviews, documentation, discussion, analysis/synthesis, presentation Stakeholder : Government representation and local people

After forming the principles, the next step according to the HUL Quick Scan Method was to elaborate them into ideas and proposals that could actually be implemented in the near future. By working visually with images, photos and maps, the students aimed to inspire the local community, stakeholders and government to develop Muntok.

Figure F.11. Meeting with stakeholders and the PanSumNet gathering reflecting the results of the workshop (Source: Dipowijoyo, 2018).

Creating Dynamics The workshop in Muntok was supported by the State-owned enterprise PT Timah Persero, the Provincial Government of Bangka Belitung and the Regency Government of West Bangka. By using a school building and the Tin Mining Museum as venues, activities took place in the historic city. Interviewing elderly people provided relevant data on Muntok’s past, and many inhabitants were very interested in sharing their stories. Several organisations gave input during a stakeholder meeting, such as the West Bangka government, the Muntok Heritage Community and the Indonesian Tin Museum. The final presentation of the workshop results took place at the former headquarters of BTW (Tin Mining Museum) and was combined with a HUL seminar by the Pan-Sumatra Network for Heritage Conservation (PanSumNet).This seminar brought many experts from Indonesia, Malaysia and beyond to Muntok. The Shanghai-based WHITRAP – international experts when it comes to HUL – reflected on the results of the HUL Quick Scan workshop during the seminar (Fig. 11). Participants of the seminar worked in groups to consider follow-up actions. At the end, involved parties developed a declaration on HUL that led to further cooperation and activities, one of which was creating this handbook. These activities inspired many to consider Muntok’s historic urban landscape and helped in the dissemination of knowledge and in creating commitment. Some local experts have started making virtual tours of Muntok’s cultural heritage. PT Timah Persero is expanding its support to create museums in other cities in Bangka. For the local government the workshop led to an increasing awareness and consciousness of urban heritage conservation and development. A ban on building new bird nesting houses in the historic city centre was applied recently. Moreover, the workshop served as an incentive for several projects implemented by the local government, such as designation of more heritage buildings, the revitalisation of the beach area (which includes a mangrove forest) and a project on coping with flooding issues in the lower parts of town.

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

On the final day of the workshop, the students presented their preliminary findings to a small group of representatives from several organisations. Local stakeholders who joined these presentations were;the West Bangka Tourism and Culture Department;West Bangka Environment and Forestry Department;West Bangka Housing, Settlement Area and Transportation Department; West Bangka Public Work Department; Head of Muntok Heritage Community, and the Tin Museum in Muntok.The dialogue that followed led to a more comprehensive perspective towards better and possible future action plans. By referring to the previous findings and principles, the final proposal includes: • Heritage as a catalyst of development Developing a ‘New map of Muntok’ that can be used to start discussions with owners and the local community. The main objective of this initiative is to find new functions reusing historical buildings by public-private cooperation or partnerships (Fig. F.12). The new functions should be in line with or closely connected to existing vital economic functions or preferably narratives of the specific district involved. • Industry and community-based tourism Developing tourism by focusing on sustainable, community-based and asset-related tourism (Fig. F.13). Attract visitors who enjoy culture and history and create facilities/activities for them

by involving the local community, such as tin mining history tours, tin processing workshops, tin craftsmanship products, pepper gardens, white pepper culinary workshops, national history tours, cake workshops, eco-lodging, etc. • Developing the seafront An integrated approach to achieve a more developed seafront will become an asset to the city again and to cope with climate change. This means reviving historical-functional relations, kampong improvement, adding recreation facilities and creating an attractive and sustainable living environment (Fig. F.14). • Giving the river back to the city Involve stakeholders and the local community to work on an integrated plan that includes water management, a clean water programme, functional use along the river and landscaping of public and private spaces and that reduces concrete and adds suitable vegetation (Fig. F.15) to reduce the effect of urban heat islands. • ‘Green’ bird nesting Stop adding new bird nesting buildings and look for mitigating measurements for the existing ones that will benefit the living environment by improving the living climate and the historic urban landscape (Fig. F.16).

Figure F.12. Proposal for heritage as a catalyst of development to be achieved through adaptive reuse and preferably district-related functions (Source: Arifin, Dranie, Hanum, Hervando, Krista, Muthmainnah & Rifka, 2018).

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Figure F.13. Proposal to create sustainable, asset-related and community-based tourism (Source: Arifin, Dranie, Hanum, Hervando, Krista, Muthmainnah & Rifka, 2018).

Figure F.14. Proposal to develop the seafront by an integrated approach (Source: Arifin, Dranie, Hanum, Hervando, Krista, Muthmainnah & Rifka, 2018).

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Figure F.15. Proposal to develop the river and its banks to the benefit of the city and its inhabitants (Source: Arifin, Dranie, Hanum, Hervando, Krista, Muthmainnah & Rifka, 2018).

Figure F.16. Proposal to transform existing bird nesting precincts with green facades (Source: Arifin, Dranie, Hanum, Hervando, Krista, Muthmainnah & Rifka, 2018).

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Following discussions between students, mentors and local stakeholders, new additions to the proposal were made: • Oral history: ‘Grandma on YouTube’ and memory map Encouraging elderly people to educate younger people about the 20th century (colonial period, independence struggle, tin mining, local life, etc.) in Muntok by using 21st century social media tools and connecting them to places (memory map) in Muntok. • Guidelines: Enhancing Muntok’s historic urban character Conservation and development of Muntok’s urban character by integrating tangible and related intangible features in urban planning regulations. For example, design principles could be established for new developments that follow these distinctive features, and urban and landscape planning could focus on recovery and enhancing the historical character. .

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

CASE STUDY: BANJARMASIN

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Mission Banjarmasin, which was established in 1526, is located in South Kalimantan Province. The area of the city is 98 km2, and it has 715,703 inhabitants. The landscape character of the city is influenced by the fluvial environment and swampy terrain. Rivers and canals of all sizes criss-cross the city; thus, Banjarmasin is known as ‘Thousand River City’. This port city is a significant economic centre of the South Kalimantan region. In the old days, Banjarmasin’s population was

highly dependent on the river that led to the growth of settlements along the rivers and canals (Damayanti, 2019). Over time, the urban development has changed, and the city’s orientation shifted from river to land. Nevertheless, the interaction of people and river is still evident today, although it is less intense compared with the past (Fig. G.1). This interaction is clearly shown mainly in the riverine or riverside kampongs of the city (Mentayani, 2015).

Figure G.1. Some images of Banjarmasin: the new landmark in the east bank of Martapura River, the land-based market Pasar Baru as an important commercial node in South Kalimantan, the Kuin floating market and settlement squatters along the canal (Source: Damayanti, 2016, 2015, 2008).

With the rapid urban growth as well as the dynamic local and global environmental situation, Banjarmasin is facing many urban issues. Related to the historical urban landscape, some challenges that face this city are: how can the River City maintain its unique character and benefit from it? How can it deal with water management from a macro perspective

and urban landscape level, climate adaptation and sustainable development? The numerous riverside kampongs in particular require special attention regarding heritage preservation, infrastructural development, legal issues, stakeholder cooperation and implementation strategies.

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

From 27 October 2019 to 2 November 2019, the HUL Quick Scan workshop was conducted in Banjarmasin. The workshop was organised by Banjarmasin Municipality in cooperation with the RCE, IPB University, Universitas Trisakti and Universitas Lambung Mangkurat and supported by the local community, such as by Forum Komunitas Hijau and Kakikota. The workshop participants consisted of students and young professionals. They came from different backgrounds such as urban planning, urban design, architecture, landscape architecture, social and political science, international relations, as well as tourism, which demonstrated the interdisciplinary approach in the workshop.

Location : ‘Rumah Anno’ at the Martapura riverside Schedule : 27 October 2019– 2 November 2019 Total hours : 36 hours, excluding the one-day pre-workshop programme Participants/groups : 11 students and 10 young professionals, divided into 4 groups Mentors : 5 persons

Figure G.2. The mentors, participants and supporting local committee at the workshop’s venue, ‘Rumah Anno’ (Source: Culture and Tourism Office of Banjarmasin, 2019).

The workshop focused on two topics: 1. River-based urban development: How could the city’s river-related cultural heritage and identity be a source of inspiration for integrated urban development in Banjarmasin?

2. Riverside urban revitalisation: How could the city deal with the challenges for these areas, and how could they become assets for the future development of Banjarmasin?

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Though the workshops in Muntok and Banjarmasin applied the same method, there were several differences in their implementations. The scale of the city was larger for Banjarmasin, and there were more participants in Banjarmasin as well. The physical conditions were also different; Muntok has hilly terrain, while Banjarmasin is flat with many rivers and canals. Historically, urban growth took place mainly along the river and created settlements or kampongs in Banjarmasin. Considering those conditions combined with the urban heritage issue in this city, mentors decided to focus on four riverside kampongs, including market sites, as study areas. Subsequently, participants were grouped by study area, and the division took into account the participants’ backgrounds to maintain diversity in each group.

Exploration Total hours : 16 hours (2 days x 8 hours) Method : Lectures, site observation, interviews, desk study (pre-workshop assignment), group discussion, studio work, presentation Resource persons : Local experts, local people in the case studies

Exploration was fundamental for participants to understand the character of their study areas and to help them in analysing the potentials and constraints of the site physically, socioculturally and economically. In the workshop, participants conducted the exploration phase in three ways: before the workshop through the pre-workshop assignment, during the workshop through lectures by some experts and through site survey. Prior to the workshop, mentors gave an assignment to the participants to describe the character of Banjarmasin and the important and interesting things in the city that may have been related to its past, present or future. To help participants complete the assignment, mentors provided numerous materials to the participants, such as relevant literature about the urban history of Banjarmasin, historical maps and old pictures of the city. With the participants’ diversity in academic background, the issues that they brought up were various (Fig. G.3) – for instance, the traditional architecture of riverside houses, riverside kampongs and river-based culture such as floating markets and floating houses or lanting.

Figure G.3. Presentation of the pre-workshop assignment by the participants (Source: Damayanti, 2019).

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

The mentors selected the following four kampongs for the case studies (Fig. G.4): Seberang Masjid (Fig. G.5), Kelayan (Fig. G.6), Sungai Jingah (Fig. G.7) and Pasar Lama-Kampung Arab (Fig. G.8). This kampong

selection was based on several considerations: historical and cultural values in which the Municipality included the four kampongs as urban heritage sites, distinctiveness and the availability of data.

Figure G.4. Location of four study areas (Source: BAPPEKO Banjarmasin, 2009 adapted by the authors).

Figure G.5. Kampung Seberang Masjid: stilt houses near the river and houses with decorative wooden architecture (Source: Damayanti, 2016, 2019).

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Figure G.6. Kampung Kelayan at the mouth of the river: rice market (left) and a former house (right) of a Chinese merchant (Source: Culture and Tourism Office of Banjarmasin, 2019; Damayanti, 2018).

Figure G.7. Kampung Sungai Jingah: rich wooden architecture and the Sasirangan weekend market (Source: Damayanti, 2014; Culture and Tourism Office of Banjarmasin, 2019).

Figure G.8. Pasar Lama-Kampung Arab: Pasar Lama is the old market of Banjarmasin, and Kampung Arab is located in the south riverbank of Kuin (Source: Damayanti, 2019, 2016).

Before participants jumped into exploring the study area, they took a boat trip to obtain insight into the river city of Banjarmasin. They also attended lectures by local experts who talked about the riverside settlement in Banjarmasin over time and the history of the city. These lectures helped participants to develop a better understanding of Banjarmasin’s urban character. The next step involved a site visit in which participants conducted site observation and interviewed local residents such as vendors (Fig. G.9).Through this process, participants gathered data from various resources in different forms.

Based on the desk study, lectures and site visits, each group formulated the major elements that shaped the landscape character of the city and the kampong, either by tangible or intangible features (narrative). On the city level, all groups assessed the positions of their study sites within the wider urban context. Group 1 highlighted the river, piers and urban settlement as well as Sasirangan (a type of local resist-dye fabric, batik) and traditional culinary culture as important assets. Group 2 paid attention to the origins of the site as related to the physical environment. Group 3 built a narrative based on four

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

key characteristics of the assigned kampong (i.e., religious aspects, history of the wealthy merchants, culinary culture and Sasirangan). Group 4 used the history of Pasar Lama and Kampung Arab, including the strategic riverside location of the site. As part of the exploration phase, each group analysed the challenges and opportunities of each site (Table

G.1).This step was done by taking into account urban heritage and other issues found in the study area, including community awareness and participation, economic opportunity, sanitation and environmental problems. It required a large proportion of time to enable participants to obtain and assess the data from different contexts.

Table G.1. Challenges and opportunities per group.

Group/Site

Challenges

Group 1 Seberang Masjid

• Problems about the sustainability of Sasirangan and traditional culinary culture • Unplanned kampong development • New houses and extensions (predominantly modern architecture) • Inadequate water supply sometimes pushes people to use river water • Problems related to the river: pollution caused by Sasirangan production and domestic waste and riverbank erosion

• Sasirangan as a kampong attraction and identity • Engage people, in particular young people who seem not yet eager to participate, to conserve Sasirangan and Banjar culinary culture • A well-planned kampong and preservation of heritage buildings enhance the local character and creates attraction • Connection of the kampong’s open spaces and housing with the river

Group 2 Kelayan

• Environmental problems created by slum-like developments • Lack of public awareness about protecting cultural heritage • New buildings (for example a 5-storey apartment block) that do not fit the historical urban character and residents’ way of life • Regulation conflict between siring (pedestrian pathways on the river) development and river tourism destination • Ineffective approach from government to locals

• Governor’s programme to clean up the river regularly, such as ‘Program Bersih Sungai’ • Urban communities engaged in socialisation regarding a clean environment • Siring and river reinforcement development plan • Kampung Kelayan is known as Banjarmasin City’s rice market • Wooden Banjar houses as one of the kampong’s characteristics

Group 3 Sungai Jingah

• Regulations to protect heritage buildings • Incentives or financial support from the government • Lack of signage and street furniture • Accessibility and public transportation • Lack of vegetation and green areas, especially on the riverbank • Lack of waste management (industry and wastewater)

• Availability of accommodations (homestays or Airbnbs) • Adaptive reuse of many heritage buildings • Establish connectivity between existing landmarks with public spaces • Jetty for visiting heritage buildings • Planting Jingah trees as part of the original identity

• Community lack of emotional engagement with the river • River pollution • Decreasing number of traditional market customers • The kampong’s lack of clear identity

• Strategic location of the riverside area • Green open public spaces • Historical identity of Pasar Lama as the first on-land market • Historical infrastructural in relation to the river

Group 4 Pasar Lama-K. Arab

Opportunities

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Figure G.9. Observation by boat and interviewing local vendors to collect data (Source: Timmer, 2019).

Translation Total hours Method

: 4 hours (0.5 days x 8 hours) : Lecture, group discussion, presentation

Translation is a significant phase in the method to transform challenge and opportunity into a vision and principles (Table G.2).This is essential for participants in formulating a relevant perspective on solving

problems the city and districts face and formulating development prospects. In the workshops, mentors asked participants to define a vision, taking city and district levels into account. In making the vision, they were instructed to create spatial and functional elements as guiding principles in developing proposals for future development.

Table G.2. Vision and principles per group.

Vision

Principles Group 1 (Seberang Masjid)

Revitalisation of heritage to realise a sustainable city

• Raising community awareness and participation in heritage revitalisation by mentoring tourism-conscious youth groups on the importance of heritage preservation for Banjarmasin identity • Applying Banjarmasin’s character, using natural and cultural elements, in various public spaces • Enforcing regulations on the preservation of historic buildings

Development of green-blue open spaces to restore the image of a river city

• Applying waterfront approach for riverbank use and management • Improving the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem • Restoring the city’s river-related identity

Development of public areas

• Encouraging an evenly distributed population in the urban area • Eco-friendly waste management system (recycle, reuse, etc.) Group 2 (Kelayan)

Strengthen the kampong identity with heritage-based development

Cultural: • City image branding with potential heritage elements (symbolic, functional, emotional, historical and political aspects) • Identifying cultural heritage buildings • Protecting the city view by limiting building heights • Preserving traditional houses with adaptation strategies Ecological: • Improving waste management • Educating the community through the Indonesia Sehat Program

Revitalisation of the river as the city’s image

Cultural: • Preserving and developing river-based transportation systems Ecological: • Introducing river management based on sustainable concepts (economy, social, cultural) • Reviving small rivers

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Vision

Principles • Improving disaster mitigation management • Conserving native species Group 3 (Sungai Jingah)

River identity and riverside kampong as a key point for development

• Using river culture narratives as the main inspiration for city development • Introducing an adequate river management system (safety regulation for settlement, water waste management, domestic waste)

Redevelopment of public and green areas

• Improving environmental quality through green landscape design • Redeveloping open space for the local community based on green concepts

Connectivity between land and river infrastructure (accessibility)

• Adapting bridge-height construction supporting boat mobility • Developing pedestrian ways alongside the river (siring) • Creating drop-off points from land transportation to river transportation (bus stop to pier)

Community-based development for sustainable heritage tourism

• Enhancing government regulations on heritage revitalisation and preservation • Realising adaptive reuse of heritage buildings (commercial, mixed used, tourism purpose) • Improving public awareness of the city’s river-based culture • Creating local community involvement in the decision-making process regarding kampong development Group 4 (Pasar Lama-K. Arab)

Restoration of the river function as the economic catalyst of Banjarmasin

• Using the river and riverbank areas as public and living spaces, including the riveroriented market

A green city with a wellintegrated water and waste management system

• Establishing organic waste recycling systems on the river and riverbank

A market-kampong-based city development

• Improving knowledge and skills and increasing the engagement of communities

Creating Dynamics The workshop in Banjarmasin was supported by the Municipality of Banjarmasin, Banjarmasin-based Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Kakikota Banjarmasin (an NGO committed to co-creating citizen’s ideas for urban spaces) and Forum Komunitas Hijau (Green Community Forum, FKH) Banjarmasin. The workshop’s venue was located in the very heart of the city, namely Rumah Anno, a recently restored historic house alongside the river that serves as an information centre today. At the start of the workshop, the Mayor of Banjarmasin elaborated on his vision for the city, and the Municipality organised excursions and explained more about their projects. Participants of the workshop conducted interviews during field surveys, and local people were very interested in sharing their knowledge, experience and needs. Several organisations assisted or provided valuable input during the stakeholder meeting, such as the FKH, Bank Indonesia, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, individual urban experts and the provincial government (Fig. G.10). Bank Indonesia has shown interest in investing in one of the workshop ideas, and options to proceed in this matter are being explored. At the end of the workshop, the preliminary results were presented to the Mayor of the City of Banjarmasin. A small exhibit with the outcomes of the workshop was developed that could travel through town. The workshop’s participants benefited on a personal level as some of them were inspired to continue with urban heritage in their educational careers and planning projects elsewhere, and others have applied the method in other projects already. Inspired by the workshop the local participants are establishing a heritage society, supported by a Banjarmasin Urban Heritage Team that was set up by the Culture and Tourism Office of the City of Banjarmasin. This team works closely with stakeholders and the local university. Thus, the workshop brought several organisations together and encouraged them to start working together. Furthermore, by involving the local community in the workshop, people are keener and more confident in participating in urban heritage projects. The workshop also led to more attention in prioritising heritage as one of the main topics in the Municipality’s planning activities. For example, conservation and development of kampong Sungai Jingah is an official project now and has already led to some initial (re)use of old heritage buildings and the construction of a floating gallery alongside the kampong riverbank.

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Figure G.10. Discussion with stakeholders and final presentation with exhibition posters (Source: Timmer, 2019; Damayanti, 2019).

Inspiration Total hours : 18 hours (2.25 days x 8 hours) Method : Lectures, studio work, presentation, discussion forum, exhibition Stakeholders : Representatives of local community, government officers, local experts, professionals With the aim of providing material that can inspire people, all groups transferred their ideas visually through sketches, diagrams, pictures, image references, site plans and section drawings, using maps and 3D animation. The groups presented their results in a discussion forum as part of the stakeholder meeting. Participants and stakeholders exchanged ideas, by which participants received comments and feedback that were useful for improving their proposals. After participants revised the proposals, they prepared final presentations and posters. The posters went on display in the Menara Pandang gallery, located in a modern landmark building alongside the river Martapura, later on. The final proposals for each group were as follows: Group 1: Kampong Seberang Masjid Group 1 considered the intangible heritage of Sasirangan and traditional culinary culture as the primary sources of inspiration in the proposal for the kampong.They elaborated on development of the existing tourism activities, community empowerment and improving the physical environment, particularly at the riverbank. The group perceived that the

kampong was attractive as an inclusion to the tourist stop in the river cruise. In this kampong, tourists can experience the main attraction by exploring Sasirangan production and tasting the traditional Banjar culinary culture or wadai. In the proposal, Group 1 developed programmes that generally consisted of community engagement in Sasirangan and culinary conservation and, at the same time, environmental quality improvement (Fig. G.11). The first programme focused on increasing the engagement of young locals in the production and promotion of festivals in the kampong. For environmental quality improvement the group proposed adequate wastewater disposal management for Sasirangan’s production through an aquabiofilter. They also proposed developing green open spaces by applying vertical greenery to cope with the limited open space and proposed the beautification of buildings with Sasirangan patterns to improve the identity of the district, in combination with riverbank spatial rearrangement, which would be mainly applied at the riverside zone, including a design for a floating café to support culinary activities and an integrated Sasirangan workshop house featuring an aquabiofilter installation.

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Figure G.11. Selection of the proposal for sustainable development in Kampong Seberang Masjid (Source: Farhana, Izzati, Paramita, Pardomuan & Rahman, 2019).

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Group 2: Muara Kampung Kelayan Group 2 proposed riverside kampong revitalisation as their strategy. They suggested integrating the reinforcement of Kampong Kelayan’s identity (its traditional ways of building and living) and the preservation of the river transport system directly (Fig. G.12).To implement its ideas, Group 2 developed four programmes: 1. The design of riverbank enforcement that considers the development of the Kelayan rice market as part of urban heritage conservation. 2. Readjustment of a modern apartment building and its setting as a response to improve visual quality in minimising the degradation of Muara Kelayan’s identity. 3. A kampong revitalisation programme that concerns traditional housing and living, sanitation and waste management in which the implementation must involve the local inhabitants.

4. Developing an integrated river transportation system concerned with public transportation needs and riverboat tours in Kampung Kelayan. To support river cruise tourism in the city, this group designed two routes for a Kampong Kelayan boat tour: Kelayan exploration and exploration of historic assets related to rice along the river would be integrated with the existing and proposed on-land stopping points. This could foster the socioeconomic development of the entire area. As part of their Kampung Revitalisation Programme, an implementation strategy covered a shortand medium-term framework. The staging of the framework focused on a housing programme and river revitalisation, which were divided into several specific programmes. In this scheme, the group also proposed the scenario of direct stakeholder involvement to accomplish implementation of the programmes.

Figure G.12. Selection of the proposal for revitalisation of Kampung Kelayan (Source: Imara, Indriyani, Karina, Luthfiana, Maulana & Saraswati, 2019).

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Group 3: Kampong Sungai Jingah Considering the limited time, Group 3 selected certain principles in making their proposal. Group 3 defined the first element of their vision – ‘River identity and riverside kampong as a key point for development’ – as the starting point to design a programme incorporating other elements of their vision. This was achieved by proposing a heritage tourism programme using the kampong narrative as the main source of inspiration (Fig. G.13). They spatially divided the kampong into two core zones that implied the heritage value of this kampong. One zone, covering the kampong Saudagar (or the kampong of wealthy merchants) and religious sites, was identified for adaptive reuse and conservation of traditional houses. The other zone, the Sasirangan village, focused on the conservation and development of Sasirangan-related industrial heritage. These riverculture-based theme zones are the key development principles to enhance the kampong’s identity and articulate the identity of Banjarmasin as a river city.

Group 3 suggested that an implementation strategy must apply local community involvement in the decision‐making process of the kampong development. To do so would require the synergy of government, local community and industry. Group 3 also designed a programme of environmental quality improvement by creating public green spaces, starting from the front yard, to the home garden, until the street corridor. This programme also included the restoration of the old traditional houses along the Martapura River as heritage assets of the kampong. Another design for the development was to construct a drop-off point. This point would become the transition hub from land transportation to river transportation (bus stop to the pier) in the kampong by integrating the existing riverside deck belonging to the riverside houses.

Figure G.13. Selection of the proposal for community-based development of Kampong Sungai Jingah (Source: Al Syahrin, Halim, Hanifati, Natawiguna & Rafsanjani, 2019).

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Group 4: Pasar Lama Group 4 focused on Pasar Lama in drafting the proposal for future development. Pasar Lama is one of the important historical economic hubs in Banjarmasin. Historically, the market could be accessed from river and land, but it has lost its river-related activity. The market’s condition has even degraded, which was mainly caused by river pollution and the community’s lack of environmental awareness. The group decided to emphasise the existence of Pasar Lama as a riverside economic centre in the context of conservation and identity formation. This would benefit vendors’ activities and might attract new visitors. To support this idea, the proposed design included infrastructure improvement and community empowerment that covered: - Batang improvement as the infrastructure that facilitates river-land access while serving as the public area of the market. Batang are wooden platforms on stilts, which were traditionally

used as toilets, for washing, loading goods and interaction with traders. - The use of jukung – traditional small boats – in the sanitation programme. For the implementation, Group 4 set up their strategy through the scheme of development phases directly involving the community (Fig. G.14). First, the important activities were education, raising awareness and improving knowledge, along with the physical development of, for example, the riverside of the market area. The group proposed a local name for the programme: Banjar Barasih Programme. It involved three activities: 1. Using every transport episode as an opportunity to clean up the river, 2. Helping locals and tourists engage and interact and 3. Equipping every water transportation vehicle with a simple water filtration system. In the last phase of the group’s strategy, the focus shifted to physical appearance, and the old market would be restored to its original form. One of the key elements was the reconstruction of the drawbridge that once dominated the urban landscape, which had the potential to become an icon of the area.

Figure G.14. Selection of the proposal for sustainable development of Pasar Lama (Source: Anggun, Bakti, Hairini, Sancoyo & Wulandari, 2019).

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

LIBRARY

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Relevant literature related to conducting the HUL approach, locating data and performing historical research in the Indonesian context, as well as other information that might be helpful in conducting a HUL Quick Scan, is provided here.

HUL Approach World Heritage Papers (No. 27), “Managing Historic Cities” UNESCO, 2010.

Full text of the “Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape” UNESCO, 2011.

https://whc.unesco.org/en/series/27

http://whc.unesco.org/en/activities/638

Brochure: “The historic urban landscape approach explained” UNESCO, 2013.

Book: “The historic urban landscape: managing heritage in an urban century” F. Bandarin & R. van Oers, 2012.

http://whc.unesco.org/en/activities/727/

Brochure: “Penjelasan tentang pendekatan lanskap kota bersejarah” UNESCO, 2013.

Book: “Reconnecting the City: The Historic Urban Landscape Approach and the Future of Urban Heritage” F. Bandarin & R. van Oers, 2015.

https://whc.unesco.org/document/134895

A practical guide to the HUL’s recommendation, “The HUL GUIDEBOOK” UNESCO, 2016. http://www.historicurbanlandscape.com/index. php?classid=5355&id=170&t=show

“Routledge Handbook on Historic Landscapes in the Asia-Pacific” K. Silva, 2019.

Urban

Brochure: “The Historic Urban Landscape approach in Dutch World Heritage sites” RCE, 2018. https://www.cultureelerfgoed.nl/publicaties/ publicaties/2018/01/01/hul-in-holland.implementation-of-the-historic-urbanlandscape-approach-in-dutch-world-heritagesites

HUL Quick Scan

Report of the Workshop HUL Quick Scan Muntok, West Bangka, 2019 “New Horizons for an Old Tin Mining Town”

Report of the Workshop HUL Quick Scan Banjarmasin, Borneo, 2020 “Safeguarding and rejuvenating the identity of a river city”

https://www.cultureelerfgoed.nl/publicaties/ publicaties/2019/01/01/new-horizons-for-anold-tin-mining-town

https://english.cultureelerfgoed.nl/publications/ publications/2020/01/01/safeguarding-andrejuvenating-the-identity-of-a-river-city

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Finding Historical Data Related to Indonesia Arsip Nasional Republik Indonesia, ANRI Collection of the National Archives of Indonesia, consisting of various documents, photographs, films and maps.

Atlas of Mutual Heritage Digital database with information, maps and paintings of locations related to the VOC and WIC.

www.anri.go.id

http://www.atlasofmutualheritage.nl/en/

Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands (RCE) Digital collections of images, historical pictures and maps related to the Dutch East-Indies.

Collection of the National Museum of World Cultures Digital collection with many photographs and drawings of Indonesian cities.

https://english.cultureelerfgoed.nl/

https://collectie.wereldculturen.nl

Colonial Architecture & Town Planning, Delft University of Technology Digital database with photographs, films, maps and information on colonial-era architects and contractors.

Delpher, KB National Library of the Netherlands Digital database with old documents, books, magazines and Dutch East-Indies newspapers.

http://colonialarchitecture.eu/

https://www.delpher.nl/

Digging4Data Brochure regarding how to conduct research into the Indonesian built environment (16201950).

Digital Collections, Leiden University Libraries Collections of maps, documents, archivalia and photographs.

https://english.cultureelerfgoed.nl/publications/ publications/2017/01/01/digging4data

https://digitalcollections.universiteitleiden.nl/

Digital Historical Map Collection, Leiden University One of the largest collections of maps of the former Dutch colonies accessible online.

Het Nieuwe Instituut Digital collection for architecture and urban planning, including archives, objects, publications, and persons.

http://maps.library.leiden.edu/apps/s7#focus

https://zoeken.hetnieuweinstituut.nl/en

National Archives of the Netherlands Digital archives, documents, maps and photographs, including those related to Indonesian history.

Pusat Dokumentasi Arsitektur (PDA) Collection of the Documentation Centre of Architecture, containing drawings, books and research reports.

https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/en/research

http://www.pda.or.id

Sejarah Nusantara, VOC Archives, ANRI Digital database with archives dating from the early modern period, 1600-1800.

Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia (PNRI) The National Library of Indonesia, offering text documents, manuscripts, prints, photographs, and maps.

www.sejarah-nusantara.anri.go.id/

http://perpusnas.go.id/

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

List of Definitions These definitions of terms are mostly based on those given in the full text of the Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape (UNESCO, 2011). In addition, this list also covers definitions that are predominantly or directly in line with the focus of the HUL Quick Scan Method. Built Environment • The built environment refers to human-made (versus natural) resources and infrastructure designed to support human activity, such as buildings, roads, parks and other amenities (UNESCO, Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape, 2011). Cultural Significance • Cultural significance means aesthetic, historic, scientific, social or spiritual value for past, present or future generations. Cultural significance is embodied in the place itself, its fabric, setting, use, associations, meanings, records, related places and related objects. Places may have a range of values for different individuals or groups (ICOMOS Australia, Burra Charter, 1979). Historic Area • ‘Historic and architectural (including vernacular) areas’ shall be taken to mean any groups of buildings, structures and open spaces, including archaeological and palaeontological sites, constituting human settlements in an urban or rural environment, the cohesion and value of which are recognised from the archaeological, architectural, prehistoric, historic, aesthetic or sociocultural point of view. Among these ‘areas’, which are very varied in nature, it is possible to distinguish the following in particular: prehistoric sites, historic towns, old urban quarters, villages and hamlets as well as homogeneous monumental groups, it being understood that the last should as a rule be carefully preserved unchanged (UNESCO, Recommendation Concerning the Safeguarding and Contemporary Role of Historic Area, 1976). Historic Urban Area • Historic urban areas, large and small, include cities, towns and historic centres or quarters, together with their natural and man-made environments. Beyond their role as historical documents, these areas embody the values of traditional urban cultures (ICOMOS, Washington Charter, 1987). Historic (Urban) Environment • The historic environment represents a resource that should be sustained for the benefit of present and future generations. Identifying and understanding its particular qualities, and what these add to our lives, is central to the sustainable management of the historic environment (Historic England, 2017). Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) Approach The historic urban landscape is the urban area understood as the result of a historic layering of cultural and natural values and attributes, extending beyond the notion of ‘historic centre’ or ‘ensemble’ to include the broader urban context and its geographical setting: • This wider context includes, notably, the site’s topography, geomorphology, hydrology and natural features; its built environment, both historic and contemporary; its infrastructure above and below ground; its open spaces and gardens; its land use patterns and spatial organisation, perceptions and visual relationships, as well as all other elements of the urban structure. It also includes social and cultural practices and values, economic processes and the intangible dimensions of heritage as related to diversity and identity. • This definition provides the basis for a comprehensive and integrated approach for the identification, assessment, conservation and management of historic urban landscapes within an overall sustainable development framework. • The historic urban landscape approach is aimed at preserving the quality of the human environment and enhancing the productive and sustainable use of urban spaces, while recognising their dynamic character and promoting social and functional diversity. It integrates the goals of urban heritage conservation and those of social and economic development. It is rooted in a balanced and sustainable relationship between the urban

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

and natural environment, between the needs of present and future generations and the legacy from the past. • The historic urban landscape approach considers cultural diversity and creativity as key assets for human, social and economic development and provides tools to manage physical and social transformations and to ensure that contemporary interventions are harmoniously integrated with heritage in a historic setting and take into account regional contexts. • The historic urban landscape approach learns from the traditions and perceptions of local communities while respecting the values of national and international communities (UNESCO, Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape, 2011). Intangible Cultural Heritage • Intangible cultural heritage refers to the practices, representations, expressions, knowledge and know-how transmitted from generation to generation within communities created and transformed continuously by them, depending on the environment and its interaction with nature and history (UNESCO, Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage, 2003). Layout • Layout is the ‘morphological’ dimension of urban design, along with the configuration of urban form and space. Appreciation of morphology helps to understand local patterns of development and processes of change (Carmona, Heath, Oc, & Tiesdell, 2003). • Layout is the way in which an area is laid out spatially and functionally on a broad scale. It focuses on the structure of an area, comprising elements such as infrastructure, water structure, division of built-up areas, communal places and landmarks.The layout of an area is intertwined with its geomorphology and its economic and cultural development and was designed and/or did evolve into the area it is today (Authors, 2021). Narrative • Narrative conveys the significance of places; it is through stories that people express their identification with heritage as temporal structures that connect the past, present and future of a city (Nigel Walter, 2014). • Narrative involves the interaction of people with their environment related to cultural or socioeconomic functions or activities in the past and/or present. It is closely connected to oral history, cultural traditions and other forms of intangible heritage. It includes functional use, stories, events that have happened or used to happen in the area and that influence(d) the cityscape and urban characteristics and features. Narrative can also be a guiding principle as a continuous or a reintroduced storyline in the future development of an area (Authors, 2021). Setting • The setting of a heritage structure, site or area is defined as the immediate and extended environment that is part of, or contributes to, its significance and distinctive character (ICOMOS Xi’an Declaration, 2015; the ICOMOS Australia Burra Charter, 1979). Tangible Cultural Heritage • Monuments: architectural works, works of monumental sculpture and painting, elements or structures of an archaeological nature, inscriptions, cave dwellings and combinations of features, which are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science. • Groups of buildings: groups of separate or connected buildings that, because of their architecture, their homogeneity or their place in the landscape, are of outstanding universal value from the point of view of history, art or science. • Sites: works of humankind or the combined works of nature and humankind, and areas including archaeological sites that are of outstanding universal value from the historical, aesthetic, ethnological or anthropological point of view (UNESCO, Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, 1972).

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Typology • Type can most simply be defined as a concept that describes a group of objects characterised by the same formal structure. It is neither a spatial diagram nor the average of a serial list. A typological study maps out the typological composition of tissue fragments (i.e., the various types of streets, alleys, squares, green areas, dwellings, public buildings, monuments, etc.) (Moneo, 1978). • Typology is the spatial and functional arrangement of the physical environment into distinctive patterns and features within the urban layout. This encompasses the urban fabric as well as the architectural appearance. The idea behind typology is to recognise a distinctive character of an urban area as a whole, as the opposite of considering the built-up area as a collection of individual objects (Authors, 2021). Urban Conservation • Urban conservation is not limited to the preservation of single buildings. It views architecture as but one element of the overall urban setting, making it a complex and multifaceted discipline. By definition, then, urban conservation lies at the very heart of urban planning (Cohen, 1999). Urban Heritage Urban heritage comprises three main categories: • Monumental heritage of exceptional cultural value • Non-exceptional heritage elements that are still present in a coherent way in relative abundance • New urban elements to be considered (for instance): o The urban built form o The open space: streets, public open spaces o Urban infrastructures: material networks and equipment (European Commission, Research report n°16, 2014). Urban Morphology • Urban morphology can be seen in terms of several key elements, such as land uses, building structures, plot patterns and street patterns (Carmona, Heath, Oc, & Tiesdell, 2003). • Urban morphology is the study of the built form of cities, and it seeks to explain the layout and spatial composition of urban structures and open spaces and their material character and symbolic meaning in light of the forces that have created, expanded, diversified and transformed them (Conzen, Gu, & Whitehand, 2012).

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

BIBLIOGRAPHY

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Albers, F., Marrewijk, van, D., Rooijen, van, C., Boheemen, van, Y., Lensink R., & Slooten, van, I. (2018). HUL in Holland. Implementation of the Historic Urban Landscape approach in Dutch World Heritage sites. Amersfoort, the Netherlands: Cultural Heritage Agency & Feddes/Olthof landscape architects bv. Retrieved from https://www.cultureelerfgoed.nl/binaries/cultureelerfgoed/documenten/publicaties/2018/01/01/hulin-holland.-implementation-of-the-historic-urban-landscape-approach-in-dutch-world-heritage-sites/ HUL+in+Holland+%28digital+PDF_A%29.pdf Bandarin, F., & Oers, van, R. (2015). Reconnecting the city: the historic urban landscape approach and the future of urban heritage. Chichester, United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell. Bandarin, F., & Oers, van, R. (2012). The historic urban landscape: managing heritage in an urban century. Chichester, United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell. Blom,A., & Timmer, P. (2020). Hersteld verleden van dorpen en steden. Stads- en dorpsgezichten tijdens de stadsvernieuwing (1961-1985). Amersfoort, the Netherlands: Rijksdienst voor het Cultureel Erfgoed. Retrieved from https:// www.cultureelerfgoed.nl/publicaties/publicaties/2019/01/01/hersteld-verleden-van-dorpen-en-steden Carmona, M., Heath,T., Oc,T., & Tiesdell, S. (2003). Urban spaces-public places.The dimensions of urban design. Oxford, United Kingdom: Architectural Press. CHCfE Consortium. (2015). Cultural heritage counts for Europe (Full Report). Retrieved from http://blogs.encatc. org/culturalheritagecountsforeurope//wp-content/uploads/2015/06/CHCfE_FULL-REPORT_v2.pdf Cohen, N. (1999). Urban conservation. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. Conzen, M.P., Gu, K., & Whitehand, J.W.R. (2012). Comparing traditional urban form in China and Europe: A fringebelt approach. Urban Geography, 33(1): 22-45. Corten, J.P., & Lovegrove S. (2018). The quick scan for Historic Urban Landscapes. Sharing heritage expertise, 2. Amersfoort, the Netherlands: Cultural Heritage Agency. Retrieved from https://www.cultureelerfgoed.nl/ publicaties/publicaties/2018/01/01/the-quick-scan-method-for-historical-urban-landscapes Damayanti, V.D., Dipowijoyo, H.T., Rosbergen, J., Timmer, P., & Wijayanto, P. (2020). Safeguarding and rejuvenating the identity of a river city, workshop HUL Quick Scan Banjarmasin (South Kalimantan). Amersfoort, the Netherlands: Cultural Heritage Agency. Retrieved from https://english.cultureelerfgoed.nl/publications/ publications/2020/01/01/safeguarding-and-rejuvenating-the-identity-of-a-river-city Damayanti, V.D. (2019). Identifikasi struktur dan perubahan lanskap Kota Banjarmasin di masa kesultanan (15261860). Jurnal Arsitektur Lansekap, 5(2): 249-259. doi.org/10.24843/JAL.2019.v05.i02.p13 Dipowijoyo, H.T., Kurniawan, K.R., Rosbergen, J.,Timmer, P., & Wijayanto, P. (2019). New horizons for an old tin mining town, workshop HUL Quick Scan Muntok (West Bangka). Amersfoort, the Netherlands: Cultural Heritage Agency. Retrieved from https://www.cultureelerfgoed.nl/publicaties/publicaties/2019/01/01/new-horizons-for-an-oldtin-mining-town European Commission. (2014). SUIT: Sustainable development of urban historical areas through an active integration. Research report n°16. Retrieved from https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/c0fe3aca-16394554-aca7-d3dccdb2158d Historic England. (2017). The setting of heritage assets. Retrieved from https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/ publications/gpa3-setting-of-heritage-assets/heag180-gpa3-setting-heritage-assets/

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Hosagrahar, J. (2019). The UNESCO recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape. Report of the second consultation on its implementation by member states, 2019. Paris, France: UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved from https://whc.unesco.org/en/hul/ ICOMOS Australia. (1987). T/he Australia ICOMOS charter for the conservation of places of cultural significance (the Burra Charter). Sydney, Australia: ICOMOS Australia. Retrieved from http://openarchive.icomos.org/id/eprint/2145/1/ ICOMOS-Australia-The-Burra-Charter-2013.pdf ICOMOS. (1987). Charter for the conservation of historic towns and urban areas (Washington Charter 1987). Retrieved from https://www.icomos.org/charters/towns_e.pdf ICOMOS. (2011). European charter of the architectural heritage -1975. Retrieved from https://www.icomos.org/en/ and/169-the-declaration-of-amsterdam ICOMOS. (2015). Xi’an declaration on the conservation of the setting of heritage structures, sites and areas. Retrieved from http://www.icomos.org/charters/xian-declaration.pdf Janssen, J., Luiten, E., Renes, H., & Stegmeijer, E. (2017). Heritage as sector, factor and vector: conceptualizing the shifting relationship between heritage management and spatial planning. European Planning Studies, 25(9), 1654-1672. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2017.1329410 Retrieved from https://pure.tudelft.nl/portal/ files/51447700/Heritage_as_sector_factor_and_vector_....pdf’ Jokilehto, J. (2007). International charters on urban conservation: some thoughts on the principles expressed in current international doctrine. City & Time, 3(3): 2, 23-42. Retrieved from https://pure.tue.nl/ws/ files/3827915/600902450360594.pdf Kurniawan, K.R. (2011). Postcolonial History of Architecture and Urbanism: Power and Hidden Spaces of Indonesian Tin Mining in Bangka Island. Bandung, Indonesia: The International Book Market - VDM Verlag Dr. Muller e.K. Kurniawan, K.R. (2013). The hybrid architecture of colonial tin mining town of Muntok. Jakarta, Indonesia: Penerbit Universitas Indonesia. Kurniawan K.R., Fadhil, M.N., & Abdilah, S. (2016). Shrinkage of urban vernacular maritime culture in Muntok, Bangka Island. Proceedings of the 8th International Seminar on Vernacular Settlement. Goa-Makassar, Indonesia. Kurniawan, K.R., Fadhil, M.N., & Abdillah, S. (2017). Shared urban heritage: Trace of Sino – Moslem Malay descendants from Johor in Mento – Bangka. Proceedings International Workshop of Urban Planning and Community Development (pp. 117-128). Jakarta, Indonesia. Retrieved from https://jurnal.umj.ac.id/index.php/iswupcd/article/ viewFile/2225/1838 Kurniawan, K.R., Fadhil, M.N., Hustamely, R.I., & Abdilah, S. (2016). Branding a City through Re-Making History: The Spatial and Social Mapping of Traditional Cake-making Industries in the Tin Smelting Heritage Town of Muntok - Bangka. In Silver, C., Marques, L., Hanan, H. & Widiastuti, I. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 6th Arte-Polis International Conference ‘Imagining Experiences: Creative Tourism and The Making of Place. Bandung, Indonesia. Kurniawan, K.R., Soedjalmo, D., & Nuraeny, E. (2018). Understanding genius loci to sustain Ume Bangka’s traditional architecture based on intangible material culture. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 213(1): 012024. Semarang, Indonesia. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/213/1/012024 Retrieved from https://iopscience.iop. org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/213/1/012024/pdf Kurniawan, K.R., Soedjalmo, D., & Nuraeny, E. (2020). Muntok as a cultural Landscape. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 447: 012044. DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/447/1/012044 Retrieved from https:// iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/447/1/012044/pdf

HUL Quick Scan Method

Handbook for Indonesian University Lecturers

Labadi, S., Giliberto, F., Rosetti, I., Shetabi, L., & Yildirim, E. (2021). Heritage and the Sustainable Development Goals: Policy guidance for heritage and development actors. Paris, France: ICOMOS. Mentayani I. (2015). Transformasi adaptif permukiman tepi sungai di Kota Banjarmasin. Kasus: Barito Muara Kuin, Martapura dan Alalak (Unpublished doctoral thesis), Universitas Gadjah Mada.Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Moneo R. (1978). On Typology, Oppositions, 13: 22-45. Retrieved from http://docshare04.docshare.tips/ files/28232/282326449.pdf. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 11 Tahun 2010 tentang Cagar Budaya. (2010). Retrieved from https:// jdih.kemdikbud.go.id/arsip/UU_Tahun2010_Nomor11.pdf UNESCO. (1976). Recommendation concerning the safeguarding and contemporary role of historic area. Retrieved from http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13133&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html UNESCO. (2003). Convention for the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage. Retrieved from https://ich.unesco. org/doc/src/15164-EN.pdf UNESCO. (2011). Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape, including a glossary of definitions. Retrieved from http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=48857&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html UNESCO. (2013). New life for historic cities. the historic urban landscape approach explained [Brochure]. Retrieved from https://whc.unesco.org/en/activities/727/ UNESCO. (2020). UNESCO recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape. UNESCO Historic Urban Landscape recommendation (2011) and The New Urban Agenda (UN-Habitat). Retrieved from https://whc.unesco.org/en/hul/ Walter, N. (2014). From values to narrative:A new foundation for the conservation of historic buildings. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 20(6), 634–650.