TIANJIN STUDIO 2012
WHAT ELEMENTS CAN BE INCORPORATED INTO INTEGRATED SYSTEMS? • INFRASTRUCTURE • NEEDS • • ECOLOGICAL NEEDS
SOCIAL NEEDS
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Flood Control Wastewater Treatment Power Generation Solid Waste Management and Composting
• Wildlife Habitat • Air Purification • Water Filtration • • • • •
Watersports and Fishing Sports Fields Agriculture Environmental Education Golf Courses
WHERE DOES THIS TOOL APPLY? Integrated utility systems must be designed at the district scale to be most effective. Because of the large cost and footprint of many types of infrastructure, integrated utility systems generally require a large service population to be cost-effective; however, they also have the potential to create regional parks and wildlife reserves. For example, geothermal power plants require between 10 and 20 hectares and can supply electricity for 50,000 homes. While some elements can be implemented on a smaller scale, such as constructed wetlands for the filtration of gray water, these systems are also infrastructureintensive: gray water treatment systems require that residential buildings be outfitted with two separate systems of pipes. Therefore, integrated utility systems can be most easily, and costeffectively, implemented in new developments, especially if incorporated during the initial design of the project.