This magazine is made to encourage girls to choose untraditional career choices in the future, or at least consider it. Enjoy! CONTRIBUTOR
Amanda Dahl / Art Director / Editor
DESIGN AND LAYOUT Amanda Dahl TEXT Amanda Dahl News.bbc.co.uk Julie Gerstein Deborah Sinai / Gabrielle Parent ILLUSTRATION Amanda Dahl PHOTO Simen Rudi Deborah Sinai A. Bergertet COVER Amanda Dahl
content
S 1-2
HELLO GIRLS
S 3-6
WHY WE CHOOSE TRADITIONAL
S 7-10
GIRL IN BOY PROFFESIONAL
S 11-24
SOLDIERHEART
S 25-28
EVA JOLY
S 29-32
MADAME CURIE
S 33-36
GIRLS URGED TO...
S 37-38
SETTING THE STAGE
S 39-54
PHOTO PROJECTS
S 55-58
MYTH AND REALITIES
hello GIRLS!
THERE ARE SOME MYTHS ABOUT GIRLS AND SCIENCE, BUT GIRLS ARE EQUALLY GOOD IN MATH AND SCIENCE AS BOYS! ONE OF THE MYTHS IS SIMPLY;
GIRLS CAN NOT COUNT - GIRLS DO POORLY IN MATH - MATH IS TYPICAL BOYS’ SUBJECTS.
What you should know: Research has shown that girls have less confidence than boys. A boy who gets a 3 in mathematics in secondary 1.class will think that this is a good basis to proceed with a major in mathematics. A girl will think that she must have a minimum 4’er to continue with mathematics. We guess a lot of girls recognize themselves in this ..!
give you such a job: you can provide clean drinking water to Earth’s poor, you can notify the tsunami and flood disasters, to develop vaccines against serious diseases, and much, much more.
A gender-divided labor market means that boys and girls still make traditional choices when selecting education and occupation: men choose occupations where there are already many men and women choose occupations where there are already many women.
In order to solve major social problems both locally and globally, we need more engineers and scientists. Therefore, it is great that many boys choose this direction - we need more of them! But we miss the girls, because we know that there are many exciting and meaningful careers and tasks that are equally suitable for girls as for boys.
Nursing is a typically female profession. Obviously we need nurses as well, but do you know that an engineer - who, like the nurse has 3-year degree from a college on average earning 100,000 kroner more than a nurse? Those who want to work with people often choose to become a nurse, but also science and technology can S1
the editor
Have you decided? You may have already decided to choose science subjects? In that case, it is wonderful and smart! The possibilities with a background in science are many and varied: you are guaranteed an exciting and challenging job - with the option to have the whole world to work, good pay, you will be in demand in the labor market - and not enough with it - you will be an important role model for other girls who still believe the myth that girls are not good enough and that science is best suited for boys. Sometimes things will feel both a little difficult and may
sometimes boring, but this will most likely be no matter which direction you choose. Laying down an extra effort on the way means you can pick and choose studies and careers that are far from boring! For those who do not quite know what to choose - do not worry! It’s natural to not know what to be when one is young. It is allowed to try out - varied experience and lessons learned are valuable to carry on in life.
is nothing that can prevent you from getting what you want to be - except your own desire and dedication. Let us show you the opportunities in this magazine. We have met non-traditional career girls and women. Let the articles of powerful women from the path inspire you. You are also welcome to ask questions. Mail us at www.curie.com - we respond to the most! Select right, best of luck!
Remember that girls and boys equal opportunities and there S2
WHY WE CHOOSE TRADITIONAL TEXT_Amanda Dahl ILLUSTRATION_Amanda Dahl
HAVE YOU EVER WONDER WHY WE CHOOSE CAREER CHOICES BASED ON OUR GENDER? WHO MADE UP THESE RULES AND WHY ARE WE STILL MAKING CHOICES IN THE SAME PATTERN AS FOR MANY, MANY DECADES AGO? IT’S YEAR 2012 AND TIME TO WAKE UP AND GET SOM ANSWERS.
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Career theorist Linda Gottfredson claims that the professional choice involves four key development processes, largely related to age. Through these processes limit the individual’s choices as they get older. In the process of appraisal the gender dimension together with prestige, is very central. In this process the individual begins to categorize occupations in relation to the profession thar are suitable for respectively men and women and which professions may seem to be the most prestigious. In the age of 6-8 years in particular children become more aware of gender roles. They become more aware of their own gender and puts gender in cotext of the growing number of professions being introduced. When they are 9-13 years old kids begin to see links between wages, education and occupation. At the end of this stage they have excluded a lot of opportunities for work because they believe that certain occupations are not suited to their gender, have low status in the society or is too difficult. The beliefs formed in the appraisal process is therefore essential for the choces made later in life.
Through a survey conducted by Brita Bungum in 2008, supported by Gottfredson theories, showed that children also gets influenced by their parents career choices. Children who had a mother in typically female occupations and a father in typically male occupations, where wages and status differences were significant, had a clear perception that the fathers job was both better and more important than the mothers job. Children’s early perceptions of professions divided into male and female categories is a significant contributor to the maintenance and reproduction of traditional gender roles. Women started to capture jobs for real around 1970. At this point they went
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Yes, there is a difference... but so what?
WHAT IS
THE PROBLEM? into professions which was like an extension of the work they had done in their domestick lifes. This was therefore largely in occupations in caring and service sector. This is a pattern that still lingers, and we can clearly tell from the statistics on gender in vocational education. Although we are left in the old professional traditions to certant extent, the proportion of girls who take higher education has increased. This is related to the average birth age of women which has been significantly highter in recent years. The average afe for first-time mothers has increased steadily since 1975 until today. Previously it was unacceptable for women to enter the long course education as they had children in the moddle twenties. The fact that women today are older when they choose to have children allows them to focus more on education and career. It is also becoming more and more common to bring in external help to simplify the housework, while it is expected that men are more conductive at home. What we certainly can conclude in terms of reasons why most of us do traditional occupational and educational choices is that we from our early perceptions of what is generally accepted options. Unconsciously putting our gender, our ethnicity and our social background constraints on what we are going to choose. S5
The report, Gender in school counseling – a forgotten topic, highlights three main reasons for a gender segregated labor market is unfortunate: ”Justice and real rights, resources and recrutiment, and diversity for a better working environment” A highly gender divided labor inhibitory to the individual. From the moment we are born we understand instictively how the world around us is put together. From the first haircut in a salon with only female hairdressers, the first hostpital stay surrounded by female nurses, the first few years in the nuersery taken care of ”kindergarten aunts”. While those who works at auto repair shop are men. Those who come and build the house are men. Those who adds heat to the floor in the bathroom are men. Without aware of it our perceptions is being shaped of who is suitable to work with what, and without thinking of it resrictions is added on what we think we can be or not. This reduces our real freedom of choice in terms of occupational and education. At the social level there are several problems with a gender divided labor market. From an economic perspective, it is important to have access to such large skilled workforce as possible. It is unfortunate that in some occupations where there is great shortage of labor, only real opportunity to recruit from half of the able-bodied population.
THE STATISTICS SHOW THAT IN WORKPLACES WHERE THERE IS A STRONG DOMINANCE OF ONE OF THE GENDERS PRESENT CONFLICTS AND BACKBITING TO A GREATER EXTENT.
Numbers shows that it already is, and will continue to be, major labor shortages in areas such as health care and building and construction sector. These sectors are also the most gender-segregated sectors, where we could have good use for employees who dared to choose a non-traditional vocational. The report �About men, male roles and gender equality� states that genderdivided labor also affects the work environment and job satisfaction. The statistics show that in workplaces where there is a strong dominance of one of the genders present conflicts and backbiting to a greater extent. The majority of workes want a better balance bewteen the genders in the workplace. A blend of gender is also very important in jobs where we are acting directly as role models for children, such as in kindergarten and the school sector. In this sector, the need for good male models significanty. Also in the health institutions should attempt to bring in men, not only because of physical challenges such as heavy lifting, but as representatives of male values.
the girls IN THIS ISSUE WE PRESENT TWO YONG GIRLS..THEY ARE BOTH VERY INSPIRING AND HOPEFULLY THEY WILL GIVE YOU SOME ANSWERS ABOUT THINGS YOU MIGHT WONDER ABOUT THEIR PROFESSION AND EDUCATION.
GIRL IN BOY
PROFESSIONAL TEXT_Amanda Dahl ILLUSTRATION_Amanda Dahl
WHEN IDA SOFIE FRYDENLUND (22) WAS IN HIGH SCHOOL, SHE WAS OFTEN WITH HER ELECTRICIAN BOYFRIEND AT WORK. SHE WAS INTERESTED IN THE PROFESSION AND ENJOYED THE CHALLENGES, BUT LITTLE DID SHE KNOW THEN THAT THIS WAS THE PROFESSION SHE WOULD LATER EDUCATE HERSELF IN. AT FIRST IDA GOT INTO THE COLLEGE IN MARKETING, BUT FELT NO JOY, AT THE SAME TIME SHE KNEW AT THIS POINT IN LIFE IT WAS TIME TO CHOOSE THE RIGHT WAY CONSIDERING HER FUTURE JOB. - THERE ARE NO NEGATIVE ASPECTS OF BEING AN ELECTRICIAN, SO THE CHOICE WAS EASY.
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Electrician training outside the secondary school
Why do you enjoy this profession? - I have always been very curious and interested in finding how things work. I always touch things, which in this profession is a very good trait. I wanted to work physical with my body in order to not have to spend an hour in front of the mirror every morning. In other words; outfit: work pants, Ida Sofie explains and adds: - The biggest plus point in my job is something all bascily are familiar with, boys are less dramatic than girls there are practicaaly no intrigue with them. If there is anything, the boys get done with it straight away. There are also other advantages: for my own part, there is all the humor and joy, there is never a day without laughter and fun! Ida Sofie loves that every working day is different, and mostly she works independent, but she is an apprentice and whenever there is tasks with need of only one person to do the job, she often watch and learn.
In Norway the most common electrician education is during the high school. Ida Sofie herself went another direction at this point, doing sports. At this time she did not know that she wanted to be an electician, which means she has found another way to train. – I take courses as a private candidate at NKI for two years. I am not finished with my exams yet, but I was deployed to a company and got an apprenticeship with the message I could start working here whenever I wanted. I called the training office and they approved it. I now work 100% in addition to school. I can choose when I will do my exams, as long as it is before examination.
How was it to start as the only girl in a male dominant business? - In the beginning i think the guys thought is was strange with a girl. But I have always been very outgoing and chatty. I introduced myself to everyone and got a good start. They have always given me respect, Ida explains with a big smile, and adds: - I am pretty much always happy and that is a huge win.
How did you recieve respect in the workplace? - I will always do things myself and that have been very rewarding. I never let the boys do the heavy, difficult ord hard job for me. I can do the same things as them. I have recieved very good feedback on that part. Respect must be earned, it does not come by itself.
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www.nki.no
For more information about the school, please visit the adress above.
WHEN I MEET UNFAMILIAR PEOPLE AND THELL WHAT CAREER I HAVE THE MOST COMMON REACTION I GET IS ”I DON’T BELIEVE YOU” Ida Sofie
Ida Sofie has never met someone who is negative to her career, but most do not believe that she is an electrician; - When I meet unfamiliar people and thell what career I have the most common reaction I get is ”I don’t believe you” But when they finally realize that I speak the truth the regular survey begins. They ask me about different things related to the course, it is when I answer detailed answers that I will be believed. Although Ida Sofie is an hardworking and independent electrician, she sometimes meet guys at work who find it difficult to realize that she manage to do things herself. – The funniest is when I am carrying a lot, the boys start opening the doors for me and ask if I need any help, always very polite! My colleagues think that is hilarious. There are many cases when being a girl in such profession is a big bonus, laughs Ida Sofie. When asking Ida Sofie if she would like to replace her job towards a more feminine profession, the answer is clearly no. I could never ever imagined to replace my profession for something more feminine. I love to wake up in the morning and not to wear make up, dress me girlie or think about what to wear. I get up, put on my work pants and a t-shirt or sweater, and that’s it. I like the feeling of not have to worry about how you look at work. There a a lot fewer worries, you have to be more careless as a girl in such profession.
Final Ida Sofie has many good tips to other girls who want to enter a male dominant profession; • Remember that respect not come by itself, always show that you can do things yourself. Of course it is allowed to ask for help, but if you know you can achieve things although it might be heavy or difficult, then obviosuly do it yourself. There is rarely such thing as ”I can’t”. • Be honest. If you have a problem with someone, talk directly straight away. Boys are easier than you tink! • Craftsman profession is not for sore ears and remember that boys are boys. Interpret it as you like! • Exercise prevention, female bodies are tired faster than male bodies. • Think about what impression you want to make. Do not complain loudly about you having a bad day, save it for a girl friend who understands better.
And to all the girls who choose a professional craftsman, there is seldom boring days, so many benefits, you meet new people all the time and there are lots of fun. Best of luck!
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SOLDIERHEART TEXT_Amanda Dahl PHOTO_ Simen Rudi, Forsvaret
THE MILITARY HAS IN RECENT YEARS SOUGHT TO INCREASE THE PROPORTION OF GIRLS WHO CHOOSE TO CARRY OUT MILITARY SERVICE. THE LATEST RECRUITMENT DRIVES IS A BLOG – WRITTEN BY TROOPER MARI LERDAL (24). BETWEEN THE POSTS ABOUT WHAT SHE HAS EATEN, EXERCISE, CAFE VISITS AND MEETINGS WITH FRIENDS, MARI WRITE ABOUT LIFE IN THE MILITARY. HERSELF AND THE MILITARY HOPE THAT MORE WOMEN WILL CHOOSE TO PUT ON THE GREEN CLOTHES.
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ONCE I TOLD MY MOTHER THAT IF A THIEF CAME INTO OUR HOUSE, I WOULD SPLASH HIS EYES WITH CAVIAR. Mari Lerdal
Military and fashion Lerdal started the blog when she decided to carry out initial service, a service that is voluntary for girls in Norway. – I searched for more information on the initial service, I wanted someone I could ask what it is like being in the military, she says. On the blog she asks readers to ask questions, and readers are asking about everything, from how it is to be a girl in the military, to training tips. She serve on a daily basis at the Armed Forces Media Center. When they discovered her blog, they wrote a contract with guidelines for what is okay to publish. Then Mari became the Armed Forces first blog writer. It is a blog with military, exercise and some fashion, Lerdal explains. – Those who read my blog is everything from young girls who almost have selected themselves out of the military, to boys who have questions about special forces.
According to Lerdal between 500 and 1000 people visit the blog every day. She says that she is constantly getting e-mails from girls who are afraid to ask questions through the regular channels. - I feel like Armed Forcesbig sister responding to questions about how it is. - I have been interested in the military since I was little, and I have always wanted to defend my family and protect the people I love. Once I told my mother that if a thief came into our house, I would splash his eyes with caviar. Although her interest has gone on long, to Lerdal it’s about showing that there are normal girls in the military. – Girls selects themselves out. They think, ”How do I fit in?” I try to show my viewers that I am a normal girl, I like makeup and I like to go out in weekends.
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www.soldathjerte.com
To read more or ask questions please visit the adress above.
Close combat - not for wimps! Guess how tired (hehehe) I was after this session! Adrenaline pumped through the body during the entire hour, and in no time I got a quick education in some of the basics of close combat. I brought some prior knowledge, and a pink tooth protector, since I’ve coached defense before. I can not understand why I stopped doing it, because this is one of the coolest I’ve been up to! The guys laughed at me when I got to try the gun, since I have never shot with one like that before. One time has to be the first time! Besides, I was so excited after the visit that I’ve decided to start with defense again. Not that I have time next to all other things I do, but I just have to! Looking forward to put the pink bandages my hands again.In addition, it is incredibly good exercise!
I WANT TO SLEEP AND I WANT TO BE AWAKE I WANT TO CURL MY HAIR OR LET IT GROW WILD I WANT TO BE A FAIR LEADER AND A LOVING COLLEGE I WANT TO WRITE LYRICS ABOUT PEACE AND CARRY A WEAPON I WILL USE THE MONEY EXPENSIVE CREAMS. AND MARTIAL ARTS TRAINING I WILL RUN BAREFOOT IN THE GRASS AND DO PUSH-UPS WITH STRAIGHT LEGS
Mari Lerdal
TEXT_Mari Lerdal PHOTO_Simen Rudi
I HAD HOPED WE WOULD RUN IN THE SNOW WITH ALL THE PUPPIES, PLAY UNTIL WE WERE TIRED AND THEN GO IN AND DRINK WARM CHOCOLATE. Mari Lerdal
I want a little dog... I thought it would be little stressful to spend some time with the dogs on the military dog school. I Had hoped we would run in the snow with all the puppies, play until we were tired and then go in and drink warm chocolate. REALITY CHECK. The first thing I learned when I arrived was that this is not a “cuddly camp”. Here educates dog handlers, as the same way as others in the military are soldiers of specialization. They use the dog as a tool. Incredibly exciting to see how the training takes place, and not so pleasant to feel how much power it can be in a dog. Luckily I got to train a bit with nice Zepp on my own, and could go there without a newborn fear of dogs.
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ABOVE YOU SEE THREE SMILING GIRLS. LET’S SEE HOW WE LOOK AFTER EIGHT HOURS ...
NOT SO HAPPY ANYMORE. GINA IS ACTUALLY SO TIRED THAT SHE JUST CONTINUES TO SMILE.
PLEASE? HELLO? NO? WHAT AM I SUPPOSED TO SAY THEN?!
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS A LOT OF QUESTIONS HAVE BEEN ASKED ON MARIS BLOG. HERE ARE SOME OF MARI’S ANSWERS.
Do you have to be super physically fit to be in the military? Yes, you have to be in relatively good shape for having a good time in the military. Crisis? No. The body has an amazing ability to change, and this is one of the things you actually can train up to, some very simple steps. I’ve never been your typical baseball girl with good conditions since I was 10 years old. But when I decided to apply to the military, I began to train the next day. At that time I hadn’t used my running shoes for six months. And here I am, with sports brand and good faith that I will manage the physical demands of recording this summer. I will apply the officer school. Many of you start in military service, where the requirements for the sports brand of the head is not insurmountable. So I say like Nike. Just do it! S 20
ALL THE GIRLS WHO DROP THE TRADITIONAL SECONDARY CELEBRATION TO PARTICIPATE IN THIS WEEKEND RECEIVES MY RESPECT. Mari Lerdal
Struggle for women This is a special weekend for girls who want a education in the military. The girls who is invited will get a taste of military life before showtime on admission in the summer. They will probably get tired during this weekend, but most of all I hope this will be inspiring to them.
I SAY LIKE NIKE. JUST DO IT! Mari Lerdal
What’s it like being a girl in the military? Do you get any extra attention?
What kind of food are being served in the Armed Forces?
There are as many stories as there are girls in the military. I can only tell how I feel to be in the minority, but I see that others also have their perceptions. Not to mention what those in the majority thinks, boys.
This varies from department to the department, but I personally think that the food we get is good old fashioned home cooking. Varied and sometimes ridiculously boring. Bread, yogurt, cereal and milk for breakfast, bread or salad for lunch and a good hot dinner. I believe the food served is not especially suited with proteins, but with a proper distribution of your diet you will have the nutrients you need. You don’t HAVE to eat fourteen potatoes with ketchup and a tiny fish bit, if you know what I mean. You are what you eat, riiight?
Being female in the military has for me not been a problem. One thing is all the extra things that follows you being a girl , which I regard as trifles. I got to fix me alone in the tent, I have not had to have a period in the field, I do not know... I don’t really care. On the other hand I might be exhausting outgoing and social, on the edge of naive, but I have never experienced neither coercive or discriminatory comments. I love being a part of cohesion. Whether it is with girls or with boys, most places I’ve been I’ve experienced to be greeted with curiosity and openness. Of course, one has something to prove, but everyone has. The physical differences are there and will always be there .. But the military is facing different challenges than just running from bullets. In the military needed the heads that work, and there are both boys and girls. Besides, everyone can not be specifically hunters. I can help with other things. I think it’s harder to be a girl in the military if you are not sure what you can do well.
When did you last time had a boyfriend? No comment.
Are there certain rules one must follow? There was another lady who responded very well “you do what you asked.” Be open, positive, show that you are motivated and work to improve. Do you experience any discomfort, please contact Trustee Scheme, you should have a good time in the military.
In my department there are many girls - and where I serve, there are many civilians, as the typical macho culture, many people imagine, is not a big part of my everyday life. There are girls who are experiencing a different service than I do, so if any of you have any stories you should send them to me. Maybe I can publish them. And guys - you are welcome to tell about their everyday life too. S 24
EVA JOLY
aka super w oman TEXT_Amanda Dahl ILLUSTRATION_Amanda Dahl
SHE ONCE SAID ON TV THAT AFTER GETTING MARRIED AND INVOLVED IN A NEW AND VERY DIFFICULT FAMILY SHE KNEW SHE COULD DO ANYTHING. BASED ON HER LIFETIME STORY SO FAR, I BELIEVE HER. THIS IS A WRITER, JUDGDE, AWARD WINNER AND PRESIDENT CANDIDATE. LET’S GET TO KNOW EVA JOLY.
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Already when she was 20 years old she proved that she is an independet woman when moving from Norway to Paris. There, against the will of parents, she married the son of the family that emplyed her as an au pair. Later in life she took her legal education at night school while working as a secretary. She became a magistrate at the age of 38. She specialised in financial affairs, and in 1990 she joined the High Court of Paris as an investigating judge. Here she quickly made a mark with her tireless crusade against corruption.
heroine
IN THIS ISSUE WE PRESENT A VERY APPLICABLE AND INSPIRING WOMEN. SHE IS VERY IMPORTANT FOR THE SOCIETY WE LIVE IN TODAY. IT’S WORTH LEARNING HER NAME.
Eva Joly headed the biggest corruption case in the 90s – the scandal involving France’s largest oil company, Elf Aquitaine. In the face of death threats, she carried on the case to uncover severale cases of fraud, leading to convitcion of tens of persons involved in the oil buisness. In 2001 she recieved for this work the award of integrity from the non govermental organisation Transparency International. From 2005-2009, when she was elected to the European Parliament, Eva Joly worked as a counsellor to the Norwegain government Agency for International Development (NORAD) heading Its campaign against corruption and money laundering. She was an advisor to the investigation into the collapsed icelandic banks from 2009-2010.
Next to being heroine through many important cases, she also has written several books during her career. She published Justice Under Siege in 2006. In her book Plan for a better world, published in 2004, she described her views on development assistance, globalisation and the fight against poverty. Eva Joly holds and honorary doctorate from the University of Bergen, and is the recipient of many other awards and prices. For example, she was named European of the year by Readers Digest in 2002, recieved The Equal Opportunity Award of the Norwegian confederation of Humanist Association’s prize in 2004. In 2010 Eva Joly recieved The Global Financial Intergrity Award. Today our Eva Joly is a candidate in the French Presidental election 2012.
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THE REASONS WHY IT’S GREAT TO LIVE IS THAT TOMORROW IS NOT LIKE YESTERDAY AND EACH MEETING IS A NEW HOPE. Eva Joly
EVA JOLY SUMMARY BORN 5. DECEMBER 1943 IN OSLO AS GRO EVA FARSETH. AS YOUNG SHE WENT TO PARIS TO WORK AS AN AU PAIR. GOT MARRIED IN FRANCE. LAW DEGREE FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF PARIS. GOT AS INTERROGATION JUDGE IN THE 1990S REPUTATION AS ANTI-CORRUPTION. FROM 2002 TO 2005 SHE WAS A SPECIAL ADVISER IN A CORRUPTION AND MONEY LAUNDERING PROJECT FOR THE NORWEGIAN AUTHORITIES. HAS SINCE 2009 BEEN THE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE FRENCH GREEN PARTY ECOLOGIA EUROPE IN THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT. IS THE PARTY’S PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE FOR 2012 ELECTION.
MADAME
CURIE TEXT_Amanda Dahl ILLUSTRATION_Amanda Dahl
MARIE SKLODOWSKA CURIE DISCOVERED THE MYSTERIOUS ELEMENT RADIUM. IT OPENED THE DOOR TO DEEP CHANGES IN THE WAY SCIENTISTS THINK ABOUT MATTER AND ENERGY. SHE ALSO LED THE WAY TO A NEW ERA FOR MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE AND THE TREATMENT OF DISEASES. The woman who became “Madame Marie Curie” was named Maria Sklodowska at birth. Her family and friends called her by a nickname, Manya. She was born on November 7, 1867, in Warsaw, the city that had once been the capital of Poland. Manya’s parents raised their children to be patriots of a nation that no longer existed. By 1815, through wars and treaties, the countries around Poland had divided up the country and swallowed the pieces. Warsaw was in the piece controlled by the czar of Russia, a provincial city of the Russian Empire. The Sklodowskis and other patriots were determined to preserve Polish culture at all costs.
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book
THIS EDITIONS BOOK TIP IS ABOUT THE AMAZING MADAME CURIE. START READING AND WE KNOW YOU WILL BE CURIOUS ABOUT CURIE.
The family suffered because of their patriotism. Her father was forced out of a good teaching position because of his pro-Polish beliefs, and during her childhood the family struggled financially. Manya’s parents were teachers, and they taught their five children the value of learning. Only modern education could lift them, and Poland, from their lowly condition. Before Manya turned 11, her eldest sister had died of typhus and her mother had died of tuberculosis. Despite these losses, Manya graduated from high school at 15 with the highest honors. After graduating, however, she suffered from a nervous illness, which left her feeling too tired to do anything. It may have been what modern doctors call depression. Her father sent her to visit cousins in the countryside, where she could spend a carefree year. Education drew Maria back to Warsaw from her year of recuperation in the country. Women were not permitted to study at the University of Warsaw. So Maria and her older sister Bronya joined other students at a “floating university.” The classes met at night, at changing locations to avoid detection by the czar’s police. Maria and Bronya knew that to get a true professional education, they would have to go to a major university in Western Europe. The sisters made a pact. Maria would work as a governess to help pay for Bronya’s medical studies in Paris. As soon as Bronya was trained and began to earn money, she would help cover the costs of Maria’s university training.
So Maria spent three years in a village 150 kilometers from Warsaw. She was hired by the owner of a beet-sugar factory to teach his children. He did not object when she used some of her spare time to teach the children of the Polish peasant workers how to read, although she risked punishment if the Russian authorities found out. Maria used her free hours to read widely in many subjects. She found that she was best at math, physics, and chemistry. The Russian authorities had forbidden Poles to teach laboratory science, but a chemist in the beet-sugar factory gave Maria some lessons. Maria returned to Warsaw in 1889. Her father was now earning a better salary as head of a reform school, and was able to send money to Bronya in Paris each month. For another two years Maria went on working as a governess and tutor. On Sundays and evenings she secretly studied chemistry course at a “Museum,” which was actually an illegal lab for training Polish scientists. Shortly before she turned 24, Maria calculated she had saved up just enough money for university studies in Paris. She had looked forward to this moment for a long time. All the same, she took leave of her beloved father and their beloved Poland with sadness. She promised to return after finishing her studies.
pierre curie had a lab, so marie was introduced to him in spring 1894. Ayoung Polish woman traveled economyclass from Warsaw to Paris in autumn 1891. She had enough money to cover university tuition, a small room and the cheapest food, but little else. Maria Sklodowska left behind not only her beloved father and country but her very name. She registered at the famous Sorbonne university as Marie, the French form of Maria. Marie was not as well prepared as her fellow students. Nevertheless, through hard work she completed master’s degrees in physics and math in only three years. Living on her own for the first time, she focused so hard on her studies that she sometimes forgot to eat. Marie’s superior work in physics won her a scholarship. And a group of industrialists, the Society for the Encouragement of National Industry, paid her to investigate the magnetic properties of different steels. To carry out the work she needed a lab. Pierre Curie had a lab, so Marie was introduced to him in spring 1894. He had the impressive title of Laboratory Chief at the Paris Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry. In fact his lab facilities were poor, but he let Marie work there. Curie, about 10 years older than Marie, had made important scientific discoveries on magnetism and crystals. But he had never bothered to complete a doctoral thesis.
TO FIGURE OUT HOW CURIES LIFE CONTINUES YOU CAN READ THE BOOK ABOUT HER INCREDIBLE LIFE. THE BOOK, MARIE CURIE - A BRILLIANT LIFE, IS WRITTEN BY ELISABETH MACLEOD.
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GIRLS URGED TO CHOOSE ‘MALE’ CAREERS TEXT_ News.bbc.co.uk ILLUSTRATION_Amanda Dahl
GIRLS COMPLAIN OF GENDER STEREOTYPING IN CAREERS ADVICE.. COMPANIES ARE TO OFFER TEENAGE GIRLS MORE OPPORTUNITIES TO GO INTO TRADITIONALLY “MALE” INDUSTRIES SUCH AS ENGINEERING TO TRY TO STOP THEM BEING PUSHED TOWARDS HAIRDRESSING AND CHILDCARE. AND £500,000 IS TO BE GIVEN TO VOLUNTARY ORGANISATIONS TO TRY TO INVOLVE BOYS AND YOUNG MEN MORE IN FAMILY LIFE. THESE ARE TWO KEY ISSUES IDENTIFIED IN THE BIGGEST REVIEW THE GOVERNMENT HAS UNDERTAKEN OF YOUNG PEOPLE’S ATTITUDES.
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‘Bias’
Last year 53% of schoolgirls got at least five top-grade GCSEs, compared with 43% of boys, the report notes. But boys are more likely to study physics, chemistry, computer studies, economics and design and technology, while girls tend to opt for home economics, social sciences and art subjects, according to the Office for Standards in Education. The Cabinet Office report says girls felt gender stereotyping in careers advice in schools needed addressing. It says there remains a very strong bias towards males entering skilled manual jobs and females entering jobs such as health care, child care and hairdressing. - We want to do everything we can to ensure all young people fulfil their potential, Tessa Jowell said.
GIRLS COMPLAIN OF GENDER STEREOTYPING IN CAREERS ADVICE.
The more young women are able to experience a range of jobs in sectors not traditionally seen as being easily open to them, the better Girls are doing well academically and should be aiming high once they get out into the workplace.They deserve good pay for rewarding jobs and we need to start early on ensuring they get on the right path. To try to broaden young women’s career choices the government has signed up 12 employers in maledominated industries: Arup, Compaq Computers Ltd, Vodaphone Airtouch plc, BT, Cisco Systems, BG Foundation, Savills plc, Carillion, ME PC, Jones Laing Lasalle, Canary Wharf plc, and the Ministry of Defence. The TUC and the Royal Institute of British Architects are also providing “taster days” for young women.
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Masculinity Underpinning ministers’ views on this is research showing that boys participate less in family life than girls, even though they tend to remain in the family home longer. Though fathers are important for both sexes, having a male role model around seems especially important for young men,” the report says. Teenage boys told us they often feel excluded from discussions about parenthood and family life. Young fathers also feel shut out, as professionals fail to recognise that they want to play a role in their children’s upbringing.” So they want more education on what it is like to become a parent, with more opportunities to discuss emotional development with male teachers and youth workers, and a focus in personal, social and health education classes on ideas of what it means to be masculine. The report also notes that “a surprising number” of young people talked about bullying, and felt schools did far too little to combat it. Boys in particular spoke of feeling insecure.
What is a non-traditional occupation?
SETTING THE STAGE TEXT_ News.bbc.co.uk ILLUSTRATION_Amanda Dahl
Any occupation that generally employs far fewer women than men can be described as a non-traditional choice for women. Researchers generally accept the 30 per cent mark as the cut-off: IF LESS THAN A THIRD OF WORKERS IN AN OCCUPATION ARE WOMEN, IT’S OFFICIALLY NON-TRADITIONAL. Many such non-traditional occupations fall into categories such as engineering, science, technology, the trades, construction, university-level academics, entrepreneurship, logistics and aviation.
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Why consider a Non-traditional Career? THERE ARE MANY GOOD REASONS - AND THEY’RE ALL ABOUT SECURING YOUR FUTURE.
1. You can earn more. Many non-traditional industries— including construction, forestry, fishing, mining and oil—pay better than more traditional occupations. 1. It’s where the jobs are. As the economy continues to change, employers continue to hire women to meet their labour force need.
3. The benefits are good. Depending on the occupation and the industry, many non-traditional jobs come with benefit packages, opportunities for job promotions and free or subsidized education.
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WOMEN IN MEN’S JOB Images of Israeli women taking on traditionally male work. Israel is an intense landscape, with a dynamic population and a charged history characterized by strength, commitment, and a universal incentive to live hard. The country’s youth both boys and girls give a great part of their young lives to the army. Women here look and feel a bit tougher, a bit sharper. Their femininity is dazzling in their military uniforms, yet they show strength and self-assuredness their counterparts in other countries do not often possess so young.
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THIS PROJECT... that was created in Israel in 2009. aims to explore the themes of confidence and determination, passion and ambition, through the photographs of Israeli women participating in activities typically reserved for men. While interviewing people for this project Deborah Sinai found that these women, whether construction managers, pilots, mechanics, rugby players, are in most part nonchalant about being a women in a man’s job, sharing the attitude that they could do what they want, so long as it is prefaced with passion, determination, and of course, courage.
TEXT_ Deborah Sinai PHOTO_Deborah Sinai
1. Rugby Players Yael Talmor (top left), Shaharit Golding (centre), Michal Weitzman (top Left)
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2. Carpenter - Orit Goren, Born in Israel I love to work in my carpentry studio in a moshav (a cooperative farming settlement), located near Ranana. I like to do my best in any given situation. my co-workers are really wonderful and have no problems working under a woman. I become quite known as a carpenter and i believe that being a woman might have something to do with that!
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3. Retired Executive Top Manager - Mirella Benzimra. Born in Italy in 1928. I was 21 when I arrived in Israel with my husband in 1949. Before then we were working together as co-directors managers in our tannery in England. I did not want to be just a housewife, so I took a job in an International Canadian insurance company. I was prepared to work hard. Being a woman did not help much at that time, but the company saw my strength and commitment and offered me a higher position. At 26 I was the only female top manager for Israel and the Middle East. It surely was not easy to be a woman in such a high position and people made my life difficult. It took all my courage and power to keep on going and to this day I do not know how everything happened to me except that I always gave my all to everything I did. My favourite motto is “Either you do thing till the end or it is better not to even start it.
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4. Electrician & Plummer - Rachel Halamish Zemach. Born in Israel. I am a handywomen and on the side I practice reflexology. I love my job and take pride in the exceptional quality of my work. I am hired for minor repairs, mainly electricity and plumbing work. I love dressing in a feminine way even when I am getting filthy at work. I usually work for women that do not feel comfortable or secure with male workers in their home. Often these women were in an uncomfortable or abusive situation with male or workers in the past.
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5. Motorcycles Mechanic - Tal Perevolotsky. Born in Israel in 1985. 6. Sign-maker - Sharonit Haziza. Born in Israel. 7. Private Pilot - Ravit Naor. Born in Israel in 1963.
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C’MON KIDS, LET’S GO FIX SOMETHING.
8. Support Equipment Installer - Carol Yetta Levin. Arrived in Israel in 1968. “C’mon kids, let’s go fix something” my father used to shout to my excited brother and I, calling us to join him on a “fixing” project. My father taught us the pride and satisfaction of handyman work. When I arrived in Israel in 1968 I started to help friends with small home repair jobs. When one elderly friend asked me to install support bars in her bathroom a whole new market opened up to me. I left my teaching and design work and dedicated all my time in the installation of support equipment for the elderly and disabled. Being a woman is an advantage in my work. Often my clients are elderly single women and they are relieved to see a non-threatening presence entering their home. And I always leave the work area nice and clean.
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WOMEN WORKING? HOW WILD!
TEXT_ Julie Gerstein PHOTO_ A. Bergertet
1. Lawyer. 2. Fireman and drummer. 3. Marine and general.
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THE WILD FUTURE French photographer predicts women’s jobs of the future in 1902.
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4. Member of Parliament. 5. Student. 6.Doctor.
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In 1902, photographer A. Bergertet shot a series of images imaging the bizarre jobs that women of the future might have. Women working? HOW WILD! Bergertet came up with a total of 20 possible professions and shot adorable and slightly risque postcards depicting how women might look in various fields. 6.
MYTHS and
REALITIES TEXT_ News.bbc.co.uk ILLUSTRATION_Amanda Dahl
IF YOU’RE THINKING ABOUT WORKING IN A NON-TRADITIONAL OCCUPATION, YOU’VE LIKELY ENCOUNTERED A FEW PRECONCEPTIONS AND MISPERCEPTIONS. AS YOU WILL DISCOVER THROUGHOUT THIS PUBLICATION, SOME OF THESE ARE BASED IN FACT; OTHERS DESERVE TO BE BUSTED FOR THE MYTHS THAT THEY ARE. HERE’S A LOOK AT THE REALITIES.
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MYTH The physical requirements are too tough.
REALITY Some non-traditional occupations do require heavy lifting and considerable physical stamina. It’s important to research your chosen occupation and understand what it requires. If you’re in good health and you’re motivated, you can often develop the strength and stamina you need through an exercise program. In some cases, you can find strain-reducing ways to do the job. But it’s important to be prepared.
THE WOMAN WHO FOLLOWS THE CROWD WILL USUALLY GO NO FURTHER THAN THE CROWD. THE WOMAN WHO WALKS ALONE IS LIKELY TO FIND HERSELF IN PLACES NO ONE HAS EVER SEEN BEFORE. Albert Einstein
MYTH Men don’t want women on the job site.
REALITY That’s true only on some job sites. There are still men who don’t believe that women can do the job or that women belong on a mostly male work crew. And it can be intimidating to walk into a male-dominated workplace. The best way to handle stereotyping and criticism depends, in part, on your job and your personality. Talking to other women in similar trades can help you find responses that work.
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And keep in mind that for many employers today, providing a harassmentfree workplace is important - especially because they want women on their job sites. Employing women is one solution to the skilled labour shortage that’s expected to continue over the next decade. So when you’re researching your career, research employers, too, to find out which are considered top employers by their staff.
MYTH If I choose a non-traditional occupation, people won’t see me as feminine. REALITY People will see you as who you are: no more, no less. If you’ve watched the crew of the Holmes on Homes television show, you’ll have seen Corin Ames, also known as Pinky. She can demolish a wall and haul shingles like the guys, but she’s made wearing pink her trademark. Women who work in nontraditional occupations say it’s OK to be different. Just know and be yourself, and keep in mind that trying to be one of the boys doesn’t necessarily work in your favour. Your uniqueness brings something valuable to the work site.
MYTH It’s too difficult to get into the trades or sciences.
REALITY With the right educational background, it’s easier than you think. If you don’t have that background now, you can upgrade. For example, you can retake courses to get a better grade, or take those math or chemistry courses that you might be missing. Financial and academic help is widely available if you need it.
In some cases - including construction, for example it’s not “getting in” that’s the problem - it’s “staying in.” Conflicts with family life and dissatisfaction with the work environment can be factors in some non-traditional occupations. That’s why researching your career is so important. Consider job shadowing, for example, so you can see what it’s like on a real job site. S 58
THE END HOPEFULLY YOU LEARNED SOMETHING OR GOT INSPIRED TO TRY SOMETHING NEW AND EXCITING IN THE FUTURE. OR MAYBE NOT. OUR MESSAGE IS NOT: EVERYONE MUST ENTER THE MALE-DOMINATED PROFESSIONS.WE SIMPLY WANT TO RAISE AWARENESS ON THE OPPORTUNITIES THAT EXISTS. THIS DOES NOT MEAN YOU CAN’T BE A HAIRDRESSER OR NURSE.. IF YOUR MIND IS OPEN, EVEN JUST A LITTLE BIT, WE ARE MORE THAN HAPPY! GOOD LUCK WITH THE CHOICES YOU MAKE, NO MATTER WHAT THAT WOULD BE.
Team Curie