Far Eastern Agriculture Issue 5 2012

FEAG 5 2012 COVER_FEAG_COVER_MASTER_09 30/10/2012 09:45 Page 1

US$15.00 (UK£9.00)

VOLUME 29 ISSUE 5

ISSUE FIVE 2012

Tuna fishing Industry in dire straits

VIV China 2012 review Broiler breeding Respiratory diseases in barns Fighting fungi in grain storage

Feed and Grain Buyers’ Guide

Protectant fungicides - p21

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Contents

Bulletin 4

A round-up of key developments in the regional market

Agenda China needs more soyabeans for feed; Global feed additives market worth US$19.5bn by 2017; Global grain production at record high; Thai smallholders show support for sustainable palm oil production; plus FAO Food Outlook

Photo: FADIO/IRD-Ifremer/M. Taquet

6

Events 9

Reviews of VIV China and Vietstock 2012; Previews of Eurotier and IPM Essen

Livestock 13

Male fertility key to broiler breeding

17

The Philippine Tuna sector: A sunset industry?

Crops 21

Protectant copper fungicide still first for tropical trees

26

Fighting fungi in grain storage preserves cereal quality

13

Feed & Grain Buyers’ Guide 28

The key players in the Asian feed market

Equipment 31

The latest innovations and agricultural technology

Moreover 35

Small-scale irrigation schemes yield big benefits

Advertisers Index Almex BV ..................................................................27

SCE nv, silo construction and engineering ................33

AWILA Anlagenbau GmbH ........................................19

Schaumann Agri International GmbH ........................29

Diamond Engineering Ltd. ........................................13

SEC Inc. ......................................................................7

Eurofeed Technologies S.r.l. ......................................34

SKA S.r.l. Italy .......................................................... 30

Lubing Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG ..................36

Technical Systems ....................................................31

Machines 4 Food Ltd.................................................25

TPI Polytechniek b.v ..................................................15

Merck Animal Health ..................................................2

Unipoint AG................................................................34

Male fertility key to broiler breeding

25

‘DNA’ sequencing to create new rice variety with greater health benefits

Messe Essen GmbH (IPM 2013) ..................................9

www.fareasternagriculture.com

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Bulletin Wen Jiabao given FAO’s highest award

Japfa and Hypor open pig breeding farm

FAO DIRECTOR-GENERAL JOSÉ Graziano da Silva presented the Organization's highest award, the Agricola Medal, to Wen Jiabao, Premier of the State Council of China.

"By conferring the medal, FAO wishes to pay tribute to your dedication to promoting food José Graziano da Silva and security and poverty reduction in Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao China, and in the world," Graziano told the premier at a ceremony held to commemorate the award.

Wen Jiabao added that without the modernisation of agricultural and rural societies in China there would be no modernisation of the national economy as a whole.

During the medal ceremony, Graziano da Silva also noted how China's efforts to feed its people and to end extreme poverty have had a global impact.

"The number of poor in the world fell from 2.3 billion in 1990 to 1.5 billion in 2008, a reduction of 34.1 per cent. A world without China would have progressed more slowly, with a reduction of only about 11 per cent of the number of poor over the same period," said Silva.

THE NEW JOINT venture Japfa Hypor Genetics Company (JHGC) opened a 700 sow, state-of-the-art pig breeding farm in Vietnam.

JHGC is a joint venture between Vietnam’s animal feed producer Japfa Comfeed Long An Ltd (Japfa) and global swine genetics company Hypor.

A recent shipment of Hypor GGP, consisting of the two dam lines Hypor Large White and Landrace and the sire lines Hypor Maxter and Magnus, will populate the farm. The nucleus farm will produce reproduction pigs and semen for the needs of Japfa’s pig production. Alongside, a sales and service organisation will be set up to commercialise gilts and semen in Vietnamese market.

“A solid foundation is a precondition for long-term success.

Japfa and Hypor share a vision in improving pig genetics in Vietnam,” Dr Kuswanto Sukojo, Japfa senior vice president and country head stated.

Antoon van den Berg, CEO of Hendrix Genetics said, "The joint venture is the first step of our partnership to build the best breeding company in Indochina.”

JAMESWAY appoints agents in Pakistan, South Korea JAMESWAY INCUBATOR IS expanding their presence in Pakistan and South Korea with the appointment of Agfatech and Ganong International as their agents respectively.

Agfatech specialises in supply and installation of quality plants, machinery and equipment to poultry, horticulture and halal food processing industries. Agfatech’s knowledge of the poultry industry positions them to support Jamesway customers in the Pakistan market.

Ganong will provide sales and service support to Jamesway's customers in South Korea. Located in Hanam city adjacent to Seoul, Ganong has a strong experience in the poultry industry, a company official said.

Ganong’s technical installation or customer service team will provide continued after-sales support to Jamesway customers.

Cargill to operate broiler production unit in China US AGRIBUSINESS COMPANY Cargill Inc plans to start operating one of China's biggest broiler production facilities by the middle of next year, boosting its presence in the region.

With an investment of US$250mn, the integrated chicken broiler facility under construction in Anhui province will include a feed mill, farms, hatchery and processing plants, said Christopher Langholz, president of Cargill Animal Protein.

"We are doing the construction right now and hope to start by June or July next year," he said. "We will raise 65mn birds a year and it will be one of the biggest integrated plants in China."

China's poultry industry is rapidly expanding with annual growth at five to six per cent, drawing investment in production facilities.

"There is a big trend going on," said Langholz. "Just as 20 years ago you had in pork with modern technology and corporate people getting involved in production, now all that has started happening in chicken."

China, which buys 60 per cent of all soybeans traded across the world, could see a jump in demand for feed grains as consumption of chicken meat grows. The country already accounts for half of the world's pork production and consumption.

4

Italy's Maschio Gaspardo enters India ITALY-BASED AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY manufacturing company Maschio Gaspardo Group has set up a new facility at Ranjangaon near Pune in India.

The company has invested US$37.3mn in this facility and will invest additional US$18.6mn in the next five years.

Maschio Gaspardo's new facility Initially, the Pune plant will manufacture rotary tillers, mulchers and seeders for the domestic market. The annual capacity of this plant will be 20,000 units and in the beginning will manufacture over 500 machines per month.

Maschio Gaspardo group specialises in the production of agricultural machinery for tillage, sowing, seeding, landscaping, forage-making, sprayers and crop care.

Over 60 per cent localisation has been achieved in this plant and the remaining will be imported from Italy and China.

Alessio Riulini, director, Maschio Gaspardo India, said, “The growing importance of Indian agricultural market gives this country a central position in Maschio Gaspardo Group’s global strategy.”

Sodrugestvo Group and Mitsui form strategic alliance JAPAN’S MITSUI & Co has become a 10 per cent stakeholder in Sodrugestvo Group, the largest oilseed crusher in Russia.

As part of the alliance, both companies will become strategic partners in some of their respective business activities.

Under the agreement, Mitsui will enjoy a preferential right to export and merchandise the grains Sodrugestvo harvests in Russia and the former Soviet republics. Mitsui also intends to cooperate in the feedstuff and livestock business in Russia and former Soviet republics where demand has been on the rise.

Mitsui plans to develop marketing outlets for the grain in the Middle East and Africa as well as with existing clients mainly located in Japan and Asia. In addition, Mitsui will share its expertise in the international grain trading business with Sodrugestvo as well as provide market intelligence from its global trading network.

Commenting on the partnership, Stephane Frappat, CEO of Sodrugestvo said, "Mitsui has over a century of global business experience and meets the criteria for strategic partnerships that we have developed.”

FAR EASTERN AGRICULTURE Issue Five 2012

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Events 2012/13 NOVEMBER 2012 13-16

EuroTier 2012

Hanover, Germany

www.eurotier.com

21-22

Poultry Asia 2012

Bangkok, Thailand

www.poultryasia.agraevents.com

28-30

Poultry India 2012

Hyderabad, India

www.poultryindia.co.in

www.agriproasia.com

DECEMBER 2012 5-7

AgriPro Asia

Hong Kong, China

8-10

China Rice Expo

Beijing, China

13-15

IAI Swine and Pork Expo

New Delhi, India

10-12

Agro Machinery & Seed Expo

Bogra, Bangladesh

www.chinariceexpo.com www.iaiswineandporkexpo.co.in www.expopromoter.com

JANUARY 2013 6-8

International Crop Science Conference

Nairobi, Kenya

22-25

IPM Essen 2013

Essen, Germany

www.ipm-messe.de

Moscow, Russia

www.agrofarm.org

www.acss.ws

FEBRUARY 2013 5-7

AgroFarm

MARCH 2013 13-15

VIV Asia

Bangkok, Thailand

14-15

3rd RubberPlant Summit

Yangon, Burma

www.vivasia.nl www.cmtevents.com

World Bank to buy carbon credit from pig farm owners in Philippines THE WORLD BANK is now buying carbon credits from owners of pig farms in the Philippines who invest in wastewater treatment facilities to better dispose of pig manure and generate electricity.

In a statement, the Washington-based lender said that owners of pig farms who invest in clean technology may gain carbon credits, which they can sell to the Spanish Carbon Fund, administered by the World Bank.

Through buying these carbon credits, the World Bank provides hog raisers with an additional revenue stream.

"This is the first programme of activities from the Philippines to be registered and it is the first registered biogas PoA (Programme of Activity) in the animal waste sector in Southeast Asia, a region home to a

Owners of pig farms who invest in clean technology will gain carbon credits

FAR EASTERN AGRICULTURE Issue Five 2012

significant number of the world’s pigs," World Bank Carbon Finance Specialist Nick Bowden said.

When fully implemented, the programme is expected to produce over 100,000 tonnes of carbon credits per year from dozens of pig farms across the country, the lender said.

This is the equivalent to a reduction of 100,000 metric tonnes of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

The project is implemented by the Land Bank of the Philippines and supported by the World Bank’s Carbon Finance Unit.

"We are pleased to work with the World Bank on this project because we are hitting two goals at the same time: providing financial support to farmers in the countryside - which is our core mandate - while contributing to efforts at mitigating climate change," the World Bank quoted Landbank president and chief executive Gilda Pico.

Carbon finance facilitates financial rewards through carbon credits for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions by emitters in developing countries, like the Philippines, through the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol.

Carbon credits are used by firms in advanced economies to be allowed to emit greenhouse gases as they operate their businesses. One carbon credit is equivalent to one metric tonne of carbon dioxide.

Under the international carbon credit system, industrialised economies, which account for the bulk of global greenhouse gas emission, put up funds that will finance environment-friendly projects. The projects have equivalent carbon credits, which entities from rich countries may buy. The objective of the system is to promote environment-friendly initiatives to address climate change.

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Agenda

Food Outlook FOLLOWING TWO MONTHS of stability, the FAO Food Price Index rose slightly in September 2012, up 1.4 percent, or 3 points, from its level in August.

The Index, based on the prices of a basket of internationally traded food commodities, climbed to 216 points in September from 213 points in August. The rise reflected strengthening dairy and meat prices and more contained increases for cereals. Prices of sugar and oils, on the other hand, fell.

The FAO Index currently stands 22 points below its peak of 238 points in February 2011, and 9 points below its level of 225 points in September 2011.

The FAO Cereal Price Index averaged 263 points in September, 1 per cent, or 3 points up from August, as gains in wheat and rice prices offset a decline in maize. While shrinking maize export availabilities and high maize prices have been leading cereal markets in recent months, tightening wheat supplies have also become a concern.

Nonetheless, international wheat prices fell

towards the second half of the month, following the announcement by the Russian Federation that it would not impose restrictions on exports.

The FAO Meat Price Index averaged 175 points in September, up 2.1 per cent, or 4 points, from August. The grain-intensive pig and poultry sectors recorded particularly strong gains, increasing by 6 per cent and 2 per cent respectively.

The FAO Dairy Price Index averaged 188 points in September, up 7 per cent, or 12 points, from August, representing the sharpest monthly increase since January 2011. All the five dairy products monitored saw prices rise.

World demand for milk products remains firm which, combined with increasing feed costs, is underpinning world prices. Meanwhile, FAO's latest forecasts confirm a decline in global cereal production this year from the record registered in 2011. But record harvests are expected in Low-Income FoodDeficit Countries (LIFDCs).

World cereal production in 2012 is now

forecast at 2,286mn tonnes, slightly down from the 2,295mn tonnes estimated in September, according to the new issue of FAO's quarterly Crop Prospects and Food Situation report also published today.

At the currently forecast level, world cereal production in 2012 would be 2.6 per cent down from the previous year's record crop but close to the second largest in 2008. The overall decrease comprises a 5.2 per cent reduction in wheat production and a 2.3 per cent reduction for coarse grains.

Global feed additives market to hit US$19.5 billion by 2017

Good weather to help Indonesia sugar output rise 14 per cent

THE GLOBAL ANIMAL feed additives market in terms of revenue was estimated to be worth around US$15.6bn in 2011 and is expected to reach US$19.5bn by 2017, according to the report ‘Animal Feed Additives Market by Types, Livestock & Geography - Global Trends & Forecasts up to 2017’.

The report, published by MarketsandMarkets, says the market is growing at the CAGR of 3.8 per cent from 2012 to 2017. Leading manufacturers are focused on expansion of the business across regions and setting up new plants for increasing production capacity as well as product line. Major industry participants are involved in mergers and acquisitions to penetrate in untapped markets of Asia and Latin America.

The report defines and segments the global animal feed additives market with analysis and forecasting of the global volume and revenue for the animal feed additives. It also identifies the driving and restraining factors for the global market with analysis of trends, opportunities, burning issues, winning imperatives, and challenges.

The market is segmented and revenue is forecasted on the basis of major regions such as North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Rest of the World (ROW).

Animal feed additives are substances which are added to made-up and stored feeds for various purposes such as to control and prevent infectious diseases in animals, to enhance rate of weight gain, ensure supply of vitamins and avoid deficiency, and enhance feed digestibility.

The demand driving factors of the global animal feed additives market are industrialisation in meat production, increasing global demand for protein rich meat products, increase in rate of global meat consumption, increased awareness towards meat quality and safety, and outbreaks of livestock diseases.

INDONESIA'S WHITE SUGAR production could rise as much as 14 per cent by the end of 2012 to 2.4mn tonnes, helped by conducive weather, but will miss a government target because of a lack of land to plant cane.

Indonesia, Southeast Asia's largest consumer of the sweetener, has abandoned a goal of becoming self-sufficient in the production of white sugar by 2014 after plans for domestic expansion of sugarcane plantations foundered.

"I do hope production will reach 2.3mn to 2.4mn tonnes," Faruk Bakri, chairman of the Indonesia Sugar Association, told Reuters.

"The government indeed expects production to reach 2.6mn to 2.7mn tonnes, but I think it's going to be difficult," he said, adding that 2011 output was estimated at 2.1mn to 2.2mn tonnes.

Jakarta has issued import permits for But the battle to boost sugar 250,000 tonnes of raw sugar production in the face of red tape over land licenses, competition for land and under-investment could turn Indonesia into the world's largest raw sugar importer in the year to September 2013.

Jakarta has issued import permits for 250,000 tonnes of raw sugar to help fill a gap faced by industrial users. Indonesia buys about 2 million tonnes of raw sugar a year, mainly for industrial use and mostly from Thailand, the world's second-largest exporter.

“Cane plantations are also competing with other key crops such as rice, onions and palm oil,” said Oki Jamhur Warnaen, operation director of staterun trading firm PT RNI.

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FAR EASTERN AGRICULTURE Issue Five 2012

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Agenda

Thai smallholders show support for sustainable palm oil production A GROUP OF independent smallholders from Thailand are leading the way in sustainable palm oil production by becoming the first in the world to sign up to the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), showing their commitment to producing oil in a more efficient, environmentally-friendly manner.

Palm oil is one of the world’s most versatile raw ingredients and is used in one in two products on supermarket shelves, from crisps and biscuits, to cosmetics and cleaning products. It is also the highestyielding oil crop in the world, producing an average of 4.3 tonnes per hectare, compared with 0.5 tonnes for soy oil and between 1.5 – 2 tonnes for sunflower oil.

Palm oil cultivation has a positive effect on the incomes and lifestyles of farming families and on the development of rural areas in the countries where the palm oil is grown, namely Indonesia, Malaysia, South America and Thailand.

However, while there are benefits to palm oil production, as the demand continues to rise, the areas where the oil palms are grown are seeing the destruction of virgin rainforest, the extinction of endangered species and the displacement of small farmers in order to establish enormous monoculture plantations. So, while halting the production of palm oil is not a viable option, educating growers and

Palm oil is the highest yielding oil crop in the world producing an average of 4.3 tonnes/ha

changing cultivation methods would have a positive impact both on the environment and on the economy of these areas.

As part of the RSPO certification process the smallholders will be shown how to grow the oil palms to improve yield and lessen the impact on the environment, and if they meet the stringent RSPO criteria, they will be able to charge a premium for their sustainable product using the GreenPalm programme.

General manager of GreenPalm Bob Norman said,

“Globally, Thailand is the third largest producer of palm oil following Malaysia and Indonesia. However the percentage of that area under cultivation by independent smallholders is more than 70 per cent far higher than Indonesia or Malaysia. It’s crucial we make these growers aware that their cultivation methods may be harming the environment and that by employing more sustainable methods they will see their yield and their income increase.

“By signing up to the RSPO and going through the certification process, these farmers can learn how to grow more sustainably to achieve higher yields, and once certified they can charge a premium for their oil by signing up to the GreenPalm programme.”

The GreenPalm programme provides all growers with a way of gaining a premium for their oil by bypassing a complex supply chain which makes physical segregation of sustainably produced oil difficult and costly.

Those growers who meet the RSPO criteria gain a premium for their oil by claiming one GreenPalm certificate for each tonne of sustainable oil they produce. They can then offer these certificates for sale on the GreenPalm trading platform to purchasers who can then rightfully claim they are supporting the sustainable production of palm oil.

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Agenda

Japan’s broiler production estimated up 3 per cent in 2012

Global grain production at record high despite extreme climatic events

JAPAN'S BROILER PRODUCTION is expected to record an increase of 3 per cent in 2012 as Japan recovers from outbreaks of pathogenic avian influenza and the earthquake in March 2011, according to the US Department of Agriculture Marketing Service's latest report.

In 2011, massive outbreaks of avian influenza and the earthquake largely disrupted Japan’s domestic production and distribution of broiler meat. On a month-by-month comparison, national output for January – July 2011 showed severe declines, although from August 2011 onwards output almost returned to its 2010 levels, according to the report. Broilers comprise over 90 per cent of the Japanese poultry market and domestic broilers account for about 60 per cent of Japan’s total broiler supply.

GLOBAL GRAIN PRODUCTION is expected to reach a record high of 2.4bn tonnes this year, an increase of one per cent from 2011 levels, according to research conducted by the Worldwatch Institute's Nourishing the Planet project According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the production of grain for animal feed is growing the fastest – a 2.1 per cent increase from 2011. Grain for direct human consumption grew 1.1 per cent from 2011, write report authors Danielle Nierenberg and Katie Spoden.

In 2011, the amount of grain used for food totaled 571mn tonnes, with India consuming 89mn tonnes, China 87mn tonnes, and the United States 28mn tonnes, according to the International Grains Council. The world relies heavily on wheat, maize (corn), and rice for daily sustenance: of the 50,000 edible plants in the world, these three grains account for two-thirds of global food energy intake.

Grains provide the majority of calories in diets worldwide, ranging from a 23 per cent share in the United States to 60 per cent in Asia and 62 per cent in North Africa.

Maize production in the United States - the largest producer - was expected to reach a record 345mn tonnes in 2012; however, drought in the Great Plains has altered this estimate severely.

Maize yields for the 2012-13 growing season are now expected to decrease 13 per cent from 2011 production, for a total production of 274.3mn tonnes.

The reliance on grain crops for food security is threatened by more-extreme climatic events, especially droughts and floods. According to the United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction, the World Food Programme, and Oxfam International, some 375mn people will be affected by climate change-related disasters by 2015.

By 2050, the FAO notes, 10-20 per cent more people will be subject to hunger based on the changing climate's effects on agriculture, and 24mn more children are expected to be malnourished – 21 per cent more than if there were no climate change.

"The relationship between food security, grain production, and climate change is especially important in 2012," said Nierenberg, a Worldwatch senior researcher and Nourishing the Planet project director.

Broilers comprise over 90 per cent of the Japanese poultry market

For the first half of 2012, as total distribution of broiler meat clearly outpaced solid consumption, the market was flooded with chicken meat. Surplus stocks appear to be putting a burden on Japan’s 2012 broiler market. For the month of June, the size of frozen broiler stocks was reported to have grown to 152,780 metric tonnes, adding 5,400 metric tonnes to unsold meat inventories at the end of 2011.

Feed output to see consistent growth SOUTHEAST ASIA'S ANIMAL feed production will continue to consistently grow by at least 5 -6 per cent annually over the next few years, with an expanding aquaculture sector playing a crucial role due to higher Chinese imports of marine products.

The rising production of animal feed will likely push up imports of soybeans, soymeal and corn in Southeast Asia, supporting already-high prices.

"Regardless of the health of the overall economy, the prevalence of animal diseases and high prices of feed ingredients, production of animal feed is rising and will continue to do so," said John Lindblom, regional director of American Soybean Association for Southeast Asia, on the sidelines of an agriculture conference.

Southeast Asia's animal feed production is projected to rise 4.5 per cent to a record 5.22mn metric tonnes in the marketing year ending September 30, he added.

China is the world's top meat consumer and its ability to produce freshwater aquaculture products is nearing a peak due to pollutionrelated issues and rising demand. Rising exports of live fish catch from Malaysia, the Philippines and Vietnam have also given a fillip to industrial aquaculture in Southeast Asia, he said.

Indonesia's animal feed output is projected to rise 9 per cent this year to 1.12mn tonnes. Philippine animal feed production has slowed this year due to a shake-up in the local hog industry, with many small producers going out of business, and increasing meat imports from Canada and Europe.

8

Rice, wheat and maize account for two-thirds of global food energy intake

"The recent drought affecting the United States and the rest of the world show the need to reduce price volatility, move away from fossil fuel-based agriculture, and recognise the importance of women farmers to increase resilience to climate change."

The FAO expects global maize production to increase 4.1 per cent from 2011, reaching an estimated 916mn tonnes in 2012.

Global rice production achieved an all-time high of 480mn tonnes in 2011, a 2.6 per cent increase from 2010.

World wheat production is projected to drop to 675.1mn tonnes in 2012, down 3.6 per cent from 2011, with the largest declines in feed and biofuel utilisation.

FAR EASTERN AGRICULTURE Issue Five 2012

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Events

VIV China reflects booming livestock industry HINA, WITH A booming livestock industry, was an apt venue to host VIV organisation’s trade fair thereby featuring the country prominently on its worldwide list of venues.

VIV China, held recently in Beijing’s NCIEC (New China international Exhibition Centre) was preceded by an international pig and poultry conference that had an array of international experts presenting papers.

Though 2011 was a good year financially for pig producers, profits dropped in 2012. Despite this, VIV China, held once every two years, attracted 300 Chinese exhibitors, along with 150 well-known international companies from the pig, poultry and animal feed sectors. In addition, the Netherlands, France and Great Britain also set up national pavilions.

C

VIV China attracted 150 companies from around the world

Feed The size and scale of the stands was impressive with much of the equipment displayed being on par with similar shows held in Europe or the USA. Several companies exhibited bulk feed bins, although the majority of animal feed in China is still transported in bags – mostly 40kg ones – a quantity which is illegal in the UK and several other countries.

Companies also exhibited their range of feed conveying equipment during the event since employing labour in farms to manually feed livestock is not as economical as it used to be. Factors like China’s 12th Five Year Plan (2011-15) setting a 13 per cent increase in minimum wages and mandatory social welfare

and migration from rural areas to the cities for better wages have or will lead to further rise in labour costs.

These scenarios make the use of mechanical feed systems in farms a rational choice not to forget the fact that they dispense feed accurately and do not tire.

Electronic sow feeders (ESF) have been in use for over 25 years in Europe and many international and local equipment companies displayed their ESFs. How many get sold is a mute point, although it’s suggested that large pig farms have installed ESFs to promote the image of embracing new technology. In contrast, there were plenty of traditional dry sow stalls on

display as majority of sows and gilts are still housed in confinement systems in China.

Plastic slatted flooring along with the traditional cast iron varieties were also on display.

Most of the farrowing crates exhibited were fitted with saver bars, to prevent piglets being crushed by the sow. In addition to export to Europe and North America, Chinese equipment is now in demand in Brazil and Argentina too.

It was no surprise that pig and poultry equipment company, Big Dutchman, had a wellequipped and staffed stand at the event During the exhibition, Big Dutchman managing director Bernd Kuhlencord said, “Asia is a huge market for us but our main focus is on

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S03 FEAG 5 2012 Events_Layout 1 30/10/2012 09:50 Page 10

Events

Russia, given that Russia has a stated policy to become self-sufficient in meat and so new pig projects are blossoming all over the country.”

Roger Parfitt, an official of Big Dutchman based in China said that several large pig businesses are increasing their investment in labour-saving equipment. Wet feeding has been popular in Europe for many years and is now catching on in China, with whey and DDGS (Distiller’s Dried Grains with Solubles) being popular co-products that can be used in pig diets.

He added that nationally pig unit output is poor with much scope for improvement.

“Circovirus is a big problem and as with any disease this naturally reduces unit output.

China is a huge country and policies vary from region to region. The government gives investment grants that can be outright or just loans to new units. Since pig effluent disposal is a problem in China as elsewhere, 50 per cent grant is given on effluent treatment.”

Breeding Good genetics are key to good output and hence many countries are keen to export

breeding pigs to China. The National Swine Registry promoted American genes at the show, along with French companies. Dutch breeding company Topigs and the British also promoted their bloodlines.

A new franchise agreement was signed along the sidelines of VIV China between UK pig breeding company JSR Genetics and Tainjin Bo Hui Rui Kang Livestock Breeding Ltd for 900 GGP gilts and boars scheduled for delivery in May 2013.

Managing director of JSR Genetics Grant Walling commented that he was asked far more technical questions about breeding techniques than at the last VIV China held two years ago.

Robert Overend, a breeder of top quality breeding pigs in Northern Ireland said, “Exporting live pigs is very expensive because of high shipping and vet costs so for my business frozen semen is the way forward.”

French company IMV that exports their AI equipment worldwide were also exhibiting their products and commenting on the scope of insemination in China said both traditional and deep insemination catheters were popular with

Chinese producers, although semen bottles were preferred to blister packs. Continuing with the breeding theme, many companies exhibited small compact scanners, used for pregnancy checking sows and gilts.

It was impossible to miss the Buhler stand with its impressive display of feed milling and processing equipment. A number of feed manufacturers were present at the show along with many Chinese companies selling synthetic amino acids, vitamins and minerals.

Antibiotic growth promoters are banned in the EU and it was very significant to see some Chinese companies selling acidifiers and more natural forms of growth promoters.

With the successful conclusion of VIV China, the next edition of the event to be held from 23 to 25 September 2014, can only be expected to draw a bigger crowd, reflecting the increase in size of the Chinese livestock sector as it grapples with the challenge of producing more meat and eggs to feed the ever-growing Chinese population. n Stuart Lumb

IPM Essen gets ready to woo visitors, exhibitors IPM ESSEN WILL open its doors for the 31st time on January 22 - 25, 2013 and will present to 60,000 expected trade visitors a comprehensive and globally unique range available from the exhibitors in the plants, technology, floristry and equipment sections. Like last year, Ilse Aigner, Federal Minister of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection, will be the patron of the trade fair.

Specialist forum will give an insight into the horticultural and plant industries

The participation of international exhibitors during IPM ESSEN that will be organised in Essen, Germany, is expected to rise even further than 2012. In total, around 1,500 exhibitors from over 40 countries will present their products and services and will offer the trade visitors an overview of the worldwide market.

For the first time, Korean exhibitors will appear in the Technology section with a common fair booth. At IPM ESSEN 2013, Sri Lanka and Thailand will be represented with an official national participation for the first time.

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At IPM ESSEN 2013, the Baltic states (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia) will be partners of the International Horticultural Forum on Eastern Europe. The specialist forum will give an insight into the horticultural and plant industries in Eastern European countries. Experts will provide information about new market opportunities and it will be possible to establish new business contacts or to consolidate existing ones.

Europe's best florists will also showcase their skills during the event. Russian Natalia Zhizhko, winner of the ‘European Cup of Floral Design 2011’, and the runner-up Niina Minkkinen from Finland will display the newest floristry trends on the FDF stage.

Germany's most talented young florists will be sought as well. The best ones will qualify to take part in the ‘Eurofleurs Junior Championship’ and in ‘Worldskills Germany 2013’.

The previous edition of IPM ESSEN has been declared a great success with 36 per cent of the visitors coming from abroad. This corresponded to a rise in the foreign proportion by ten per cent.

The event was attended by 59,600 trade professionals who visited 1,517 exhibitors from 44 countries. The organisers hope that this next edition of the event will be a bigger hit among the visitors and exhibitors alike.

"The 30th IPM ESSEN was superlative," agreed both Frank Thorwirth, chairman and CEO of Messe Essen, and Egon Galinnis, managing director of Messe Essen.

Dairy Summit in November THE WORLD DAIRY Summit that will take place in Cape Town, South Africa, will be hosted from 4 to 8 November 2012.

The theme of the summit ‘World in one country’ will provide new insights and discuss the challenges being faced by the global dairy industry.

This year’s programme will include several new features.

There will be a conference devoted to dairy in emerging countries, focusing on the socioeconomic benefits of dairying and benefits for dairy processors.

Food security, and particularly how the dairy industry can contribute, will play an important role in this summit. Animal health and welfare will also be part of the programme, with a particular focus on future challenges to control the spread of animal diseases.

The conference will also dwell on emerging food safety issues of a microbiological or chemical nature that may pose a threat to consumers of milk and dairy products globally if not managed appropriately.

FAR EASTERN AGRICULTURE Issue Five 2012

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Events

Record number of manufacturers expected at EuroTier 2012 PROFESSIONAL ANIMAL HUSBANDRY event, EuroTier 2012, that will be held at Hanover from 13 to 16 November, has exerted a hitherto unrivalled draw on manufacturers from home and abroad. With 2,336 direct exhibitors and 39 additionally represented companies from 51 countries, including all market leaders, DLG (Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft – German Agricultural Society) as organiser has reported a new record level.

The number of exhibitors is around one quarter higher than at the previous record event two years ago. The exhibition area has also grown by an additional six halls to altogether 16 halls and over 24 hectares.

The spacious fair stand features a bright and modern design

Participation from other countries The strong growth in the number of exhibitors, with an extra 40 per cent by comparison with the last event, is made up chiefly of international exhibitors.

Nearly half the exhibitors hail from outside Germany. The largest contingents of the altogether 1,137 foreign companies come from the Netherlands (193 companies), France (139), China (97), Italy (90), Denmark (85), Spain (68), the United Kingdom (64), Belgium (58) and Austria (57).

Dr. Reinhard Grandke, chief executive officer, DLG, said, “It is notable that distinct increases in numbers have been registered from nearly all countries. DLG

understands the high level of international participation to be a distinct signal for the increasing global alignment of companies and agribusiness with its worldwide interlinking. The companies want to use the EuroTier platform specifically for developing new markets.”

He added that the stand booking results are a clear confirmation of the general assessment that good long-term prospects are forecast for agribusiness on the grounds of expected global increases in demand for foods, especially for meat, and for biomass made from agricultural raw materials.

“Manufacturers and suppliers of machinery and equipment, systems and installations and farm inputs for professional animal husbandry are increasingly orienting their innovation cycles to EuroTier in Hanover and showing their innovations for the world market there. This is impressively corroborated by the new record level of over 300 innovations submitted to EuroTier this year.”

A complete range of machinery and equipment, genetic resources, farm inputs and services for cattle, pig and poultry husbandry will be presented under a single roof.

On time for the trade fair, Farmer Automatic will be launching its new brand design.

"We want to present ourselves at this important trade fair as what we are: an innovative, traditional company from Laer which sets quality standards in the poultry industry and drives product trends,” said Christian Dyckerhoff, chief executive officer of Farmer Automatic.

On the spacious 300 m² trade fair stand, featuring a bright, modern design, Farmer International is exhibiting ten systems for laying stock, chick and broiler husbandry, including the new ‘combi pullet’ chick rearing system. Against this backdrop, Farmer Automatic will also be celebrating its 50th anniversary.

DLG expects over 160,000 visitors this year from all over Germany and mother countries. In addition, many specialists will be travelling from central and eastern European countries, mainly from Poland, Russia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Ukraine and the Baltic countries. Far more advance enquiries regarding visit to EuroTier 2012 have been received from the Middle East and China than was the case two years ago, the organisers revealed.

Latest innovations and trends showcased at Vietstock 2012 FOLLOWING ITS SUCCESS in 2011, the Vietstock 2012 Expo & Forum returned to the Saigon Exhibition & Convention Centre recently.

"The International Exhibition on Feed Livestock and Meat Processing show Vietstock 2012 was a good opportunity for domestic and international businesses to introduce the latest achievements, new trends, production management, and advanced innovation in Livestock,” said Diep Kinh Tan, Vice Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development Vietnam who inaugurated the event.

Showcasing over 250 exhibitors from 30 countries, plus national pavilions from the UK, the US, the Netherlands, Singapore and China, VIETSTOCK 2012 surpassed all previous records and welcomed over 8,500 visitors.

"Due to the rapidly growing population in region, urbanisation and sturdily global promotion for healthy lifestyle; the demand for latest technology, management, innovation and equipment in livestock industry is urgently

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needed. VIETSTOCK 2012 was a perfect springboard for all industry players to take full advantage of opportunities to enhance the quality and safety of food in region, grow their business and learn from the experiences of industry experts and decision makers,” said Dr. Ahmad Mustaffa Babjee, chairman of United Business Media (UBM) ASEAN. Richard Hickey, general director, ANDRITZ Feed & Biofuel Asia said, “This is the sixth time that ANDRITZ Feed & Biofuel has participated in VIETSTOCK. We have found the event to be a great platform for industry players to expand their business opportunities and helps them

250 exhibitors from 30 countries participated in Vietstock 2012

reach a large customer base and new markets.”

Four international conferences and panel discussions ran concurrently with VIETSTOCK 2012. Under the theme ‘Bio-security & Food Safety’, the panel discussions provide a unique opportunity for industry players to discuss and obtain effective solutions for their business.

Organised under the theme ‘Improving Food Hygiene and Safety in Livestock Production’, VIETSTOCK 2012 enabled industry professionals, decision makers and consumers, to collaborate and come up with solutions to meet the demands of wellinformed consumers.

Sponsors and major international exhibitors included ZhengChang, Muyang, Boehringer, Bayer, My Nong, P & N Agro, Andritz, Overseas Export Management, Stolz, Big Herdsman, Britsh Pig Association, Guangzhou Huanan, Betagro, Emivest, Holland Pig, International Nutrition, Buhler, Sumitomo, and many more. All showcased their latest advances, solutions and services.

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Male fertility key to broiler breeding success A range of genetic and environmental factors govern the attainment and maintenance of the rooster’s performance in the flock of breeding birds ILLIONS OF CHICKEN eggs are eaten across Asia every day but the only eggs of value on the broiler breeder farms are those which are fertile. Broiler breeder farms raise the parent birds which produce fertilised eggs subsequently hatching into day old chicks destined for broiler farms. These fertile eggs are never sold at markets, stores and shops and are not destined or meant for human consumption.

Male and female parents are separate genetic lines or breeds and the chicks they produce (the future broiler birds) are therefore hybrids.

Because broilers are bred primarily for efficient meat production incorporation of additionally important egg laying traits, essential at the broiler breeding stage, can prove to be a challenge.

The fertile egg is the ‘golden egg’ of success for broiler breeder farms with the condition (virility and fertility) of male birds being the ‘silver bullet’ to profitability. A range of genetic and environmental factors, including rearing and management practices, govern the attainment and maintenance of the rooster’s (the male bird’s) performance in the flock of breeding birds.

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and seat of fertilisation. The spermatozoa (sperm) produced and introduced by the cockerel bind to the perivitelline membrane, make a hole and tunnel into the germinal disc.

It is here and now when the genetic material of the sperm fuses with that of the female in the Fallopian tube causing embryonic development to begin. At least 30 spermatazoa must enter the egg near the germinal disc to ensure a high probability of fertilisation, although at the end of the day only one sperm is necessary. After some 15 minutes the yolk leaves the infundibulum (whether fertilised or not) and passes down the fallopian tube and into the uterus.

Male broiler breeder management Absolute management and care of the potential male broiler breeder is essential from day one if the rooster is to eventually perform its one and only but vital function – effective and efficient fertilisation of broiler

The Silver Bullet What does the male bird have to achieve in conjunction with the female hen? Inside the female bird’s reproductive system the mature egg yolk leaves the ovary and within 20 minutes has been captured by the infundibulum. The egg yolk is completely surrounded and enclosed by the perivitelline membrane which has the germinal disc which is the site

Male and female parents are separate genetic lines or breeds and the chicks they produce (the future broiler birds) are therefore hybrids

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breeder females to produce fertile eggs for the incubator and day old chicks for broiler farms.

The early growth period (0-12 weeks) The level and nature of protein intake during the first 28 days of life of the male chick (the potential male broiler breeder parent) has a huge and lasting effect on its reproductive potential in maturity.

During this early growth and development period a minimum intake of 200 g of protein is essential. Farms are recommended to carry out the first segregation (grading) of birds according to bodyweight (grading) at five weeks of age. After week 10 there is little or no benefit in grading because the skeletal size is already 85 per cent grown and complete thus leaving minimal opportunity and scope for the broiler breeding farm manager to exert any further influence on skeletal size.

The male bird can actually produce up to one trillion sperm although in practice the actual number of mature sperm produced is limited by the number of sertoli cells contained in the testes. Sertoli cell division and proliferation happens when the birds are between 2-12 weeks but ceases abruptly after the 12 weeks of age point has passed. More specifically maximum potential sperm production is established during first 8-10

weeks of age and any one factor inflicting unnecessary stress to the developing male at this time will almost certainly interfere with proper development of these critically important testicular cells.

Within this early period of bird development a portion of the brain called the hypothalamus together with the pituitary gland (the main and governing gland of the endocrine system) will be establishing a critical hormonal relationship with the testes. These early stage events that help to establish the called ‘feed-back loop’ in the bird’s brain/endocrine system are important in establishing the settings that will regulate pituitary gland function over the entire life of the male bird.

Critical points and periods Even mild stresses responsible for weight loss or reduced intake of water may lead to a

The level and nature of protein intake during the first 28 days of life of the male chick has a lasting effect on its reproductive potential in maturity

complete and total shutdown of testes function if they occur during critical stages of development. Too severe feed restriction between 6-8 weeks of age is one mistake that can interfere with the normal pattern of testes development, leading to reductions in size of testis, sperm production and the maximum number of sperm that can be produced.

If you want to grow and raise roosters which are tall birds with few if any skeletal abnormalities, then you must provide your male broiler breeder birds with a good quality starter diet (20 per cent protein and 2,900 kcal ME) during the first five weeks of their life.

For underweight males (discovered at the first grading) this high density feed should be continued for several more weeks because males in this initial inferior position and condition respond poorly to developer rations.

As a general rule of thumb, developer rations, which have a lower protein content and energy value, are introduced from Week 6 onwards.

Weeks 10 to 17 Once Week 10 is reached producers must take great care to ensure that they do not lose the impetus in growth rate of their male broiler breeder birds. From Week 15 onwards there is rapid development of the testes and it is essential to ensure that the male bird’s normal growth profile is followed or else male fertility will be delayed or even lost. From Week 16 onwards producers should stimulate their male birds constantly with feed to maintain body weight and testes development to ensure they attain standard body weight by the time they are ready for photo-stimulation.

Weeks 18 to 30 One of the most important factors affecting testicular development is the male birds’ growth from photo-stimulation until full sexual maturity at the end of the light stimulation period during Weeks 20-28. Males and females should normally be photo-stimulated at the same time but males can be photostimulated 1-2 weeks earlier if their maturity looks clearly behind that of females.

Week 30 onwards

During the early growth and development period a minimum intake of 200 g of protein is essential

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During this period producers must take extra care to ensure male body weight does not spiral out of control. Body weight must be more than 4.1 kg at the 30th week and approximately 4.9 kg at depletion which is Week 68. The goal for body weight difference between Week 20 to Week 40 should be close to 500-600 g, the difference after Week 40 (compared to Week 20) finishing at between 800-900 g. By maintaining this type of growth curve producers will promote sufficient testicular development in their male birds while

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Photograph:

keeping them in prime condition and activity level so that they are physically able to mate.

Hand evaluation of male breast condition is good way of assessing overall body condition and therefore its positive (or negative) effect on male fertility. Producers should aim to maintain the ‘V-shape’ breast in their male birds for as long as possible with breast muscle tight in consistency. An average peak feed allowance of 150-170 g (14 per cent protein and 2750 kcal ME) is generally enough to achieve this and should be maintained throughout the bird’s life.

After Week 30 it is not uncommon to observe some weak and depressed males in the flock. These below par males should be separated from the rest of the flock, provided additional feed (+20 g/day) and vitamins and rested for at least 2-3 weeks before allowing them to mate again.

Nutrition and feeding of male broiler breeders Farms are recommended to carry out the first segregation of birds according to bodyweight at five weeks of age

but also by inclusion of excess of protein or energy in the feed rations. Feeding high protein (16 per cent CP equivalent) most frequently

Obesity in males is mostly caused by generally overfeeding birds but also by inclusion of excess of protein or energy in the feed. Underfed males respond with reduced semen production

causes extra muscle growth and this itself causes problems with weight control. Underfed males respond with reduced semen production.

Testes and semen Prior to maturity the testes are relatively small at just 1-2 g each rising to 15-20 g at 18 weeks. There is a close positive correlation between testes size and sperm production. The hormone testosterone is produced by the testes under regulation of gonadotrophins and overall control of the breeding cycle is ultimately dictated by the photoperiod.

Comb size is a sensitive indicator of the testosterone level and so can be used to evaluate stage of maturity in the developing roosters.

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Research indicates how male broiler breeder nutrition can improve the quality of sperm produced and specifically by reducing protein levels in feed rations down to 11-13 per cent.

This helps to control body weight and breast muscle growth. Research trials showed how Vitamin E (tocopherol) at 200 mg/kg of feed rations elevated the number and viability of sperm when supplemented in the diet of stress- induced birds.

Both the composition of diet and level of feeding can have a significantly dramatic and lasting effect on fertility with both over and underfeeding leading to loss of semen production. Dietary crude protein levels maintained at 9-10 per cent gave optimum semen production and improved fertility by 2-3 per cent.

Obesity in males is negatively correlated with high levels of semen production and more importantly with good mating activity. Obesity is mostly caused by generally overfeeding birds

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FAR EASTERN AGRICULTURE Issue Five 2012

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Sperm takes around 15 days to form with a typical rooster’s semen containing 5 billion sperm cells/ml. Fertilising potential of roosters will vary even within the same closely monitored flock and once maturity is reached then a well-managed and maintained male bird will produce 35,000 sperm/second.

Daily sperm production is typically 100 million/g of testes weight. Sperm production is generally constant regardless of mating or collection frequency, although higher mating frequency automatically means there will be less sperm available to ejaculate, and if ejaculation doesn’t occur over a 2-3 day period any sperm stored in the vas deferens will be absorbed.

Testicular function Heat stress (HS) will generally reduce sperm vitality and male fertility by adversely affecting the performance of binding proteins on the surface of the sperm cells surface which are necessary for binding to oviductal epithelium before transport to the site of

fertilisation. Heat stress has serious negative effects on testicular function, semen consistency, spermatozoa concentration and seminal volume Testes weight is more closely correlated with body size than level of dietary protein.

In chickens each testes weights between 930 g at sexual maturity depending on the breed which translates at around 1 per cent of the total body weight High viscosity and white colouration are indicators of good quality semen with a high concentration of spermatozoa, while semen with a watery appearance will generally have a low sperm count. Research has showed how broiler breeder males ejaculating five times per week produce the highest total number of sperm per ejaculation.

Feed formulation summary Correct feed formulation underpins the rearing of top-rate broiler breeders, whether male or female. The feeding programme adopted during the rearing period goes on to

have a lasting effect right through to and during the production phase. The three most common mistakes in feeding during the rearing period are: inconsistent feeding, overfeeding, and underfeeding.

Overfeeding results in obesity of the flock, mating problems and poor eggshell quality. Underfeeding in the early rearing period leads to a decrease of frame size, short shanks, lower uniformity and a decrease in male dominance, leading in turn to a decrease in fertility, a decrease in egg production and an increase in mortality rate and culls.

Inconsistent feeding causes fluctuation in body reserves, and problems with fleshing and uniformity, which leads to a decrease in production and inaccurate and erroneous management. Inconsistent feeding means producers are constantly second-guessing feed requirements by increasing or reducing feed provided according to the bird’s weight. n

By Dr Terry Mabbett

Early mortality syndrome threatens Asia’s shrimp farms THE EMERGING DISEASE early mortality syndrome (EMS) has caused large losses among shrimp farmers in China, Vietnam, Malaysia and Thailand, the coordinator of the Aquatic Animal Health Programme, Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific Eduardo M. Leaño revealed in the journal Global Aquaculture Advocate.

“Causing mass mortalities, its spread points to the need for increased awareness and cooperative reporting,” said Leaño.

The Asia-Pacific region, the top producer of aquaculture products in the world, is continuously beset by emerging aquatic animal disease problems that can cause high mortalities and economic losses among small farmers as well as commercial producers. Over the last couple of decades, diseases such as white spot syndrome, yellowhead disease and Taura syndrome heavily impacted shrimp aquaculture in the region and caused the collapse of the Penaeus monodon industry.

More recently, an emerging disease known as early mortality syndrome (EMS) – also termed acute hepatopancreatic necrosis

EMS has caused losses among shrimp farmers in China, Vietnam, Malaysia and Thailand

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syndrome or AHPNS – caused significant losses among shrimp farmers in China, Vietnam and Malaysia. It also reportedly affected shrimp in the eastern Gulf of Thailand this year.

EMS is characterised by mass mortalities during the first 20 to 30 days of culture in growout ponds. Clinical signs of the disease include slow growth, corkscrew swimming, loose shells and pale coloration.

Affected shrimp consistently show abnormal shrunken, small, swollen or discolored hepatopancreases.

In China, the occurrence of EMS in 2009 was initially ignored by most farmers. But in 2011, outbreaks became more serious, especially at farms with more than five years of culture history and those close to the sea using very saline water. Shrimp farming in Hainan, Guangdong, Fujian and Guangxi suffered almost 80 per cent losses during the first half of 2011.

In Vietnam, the disease has been observed since 2010, but the most widespread devastation due to EMS has been reported since March 2011 in the Mekong Delta in southern Vietnam. EMS affects the main shrimp production areas of Tien Gang, Ben Tre, Kien Giang, Soc Trang, Bac Lieu and Ca Mau provinces, and a total shrimp pond area of around 98,000 ha.

In Malaysia, EMS was first reported in mid-2010 in the east coast states of Pahang and Johor.

Identifying the primary cause of EMS is important, but until this information is available, increased awareness and preparedness should be implemented by all shrimp-producing countries in the region. Concerned experts, officials and regulatory bodies should formulate ways to prevent the spread and/or occurrence of this disease, says Leaño.

Leaño advises that farmers should cooperate with the concerned agencies by promptly reporting any suspected mortalities among cultured shrimp that display signs of EMS. It is also important that histological examinations be carried out to confirm that suspected occurrences fit the EMS/AHPNS case definition.

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The Philippine tuna sector: A sunset industry?

Decline in numbers, strict regulations from importing countries and climate change are some of the factors affecting the business T USED TO be one of the most lucrative agribusiness in the country but the US$420mn tuna industry in the Philippines is now threatened with dwindling catch and stiffer health regulations with importing countries.

During the gathering of stakeholders held last year in Manado, Indonesia, Marferino Tan, president of the SOCCKSARGEN (South Cotabato, Cotabato, Sultan Kudarat, Sarangani and General Santos City) Federation of Fishing and Allied Industry (SFFAI) admits the industry is now “in the vicinity of US$294mn and could continue to plunge because of certain factors such as climate change that affects both the quantity and quality of the catch.”

Because of tuna’s rapid decrease not just on local waters but also on the international seas, the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCFPC) – to which the Philippines is a member – have imposed a ban on tuna fishing which further aggravated the situation. The ban was justifiable, according to the Commission, as a forecast of at least 10 per cent in global tuna catch has been estimated in the next three years and the prohibition may reduce by a minimum of 30 per cent from the 2001-2004 average catch.

Tan said the daily fish in the year 2000, when the industry was at its peak, was placed at 300 to 500 tonnes but has been significantly reduced by 30 per cent in recent years. The decline of tuna catch also meant the displacement of more than 40,000 fishermen out of the 150,000 who are directly and indirectly involved in the tuna industry, he said. The value of tuna exports on the other hand dropped to 8.14 per cent in 2010 from the 2009 data at US$359.38mn.

Stricter health rules by the European Union, which accounts for half of the Philippine tuna exports, would inflict a gaping wound to the industry.

Agriculture Secretary Proceso Alcala urgently called tuna fishing companies to go into research and development to produce

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FAR EASTERN AGRICULTURE Issue Five 2012

The valuable bigeye tuna is now overfished and yellowfin, skipjack and albacore tunas are all in decline

better fish and prawn strains that are resistant to diseases and would not succumb to infections.

‘Environmentally harmful’ means of tuna fishing such as fish aggregating device (FAD) may also result to losing the country’s lucrative markets of Canada and the United Kingdom.

According to global environment group Greenpeace, many global markets for tuna are now demanding fish caught using sustainable methods as these countries are cognizant of the recent critical phase of tuna in the oceans.

The group said certain areas in the Pacific have been closed to FAD for the past three years as a result of the conservation measures taken by the WCFPC in response to the decline in the bigeye and yellowfin tuna stocks.

Unfortunately, the Philippines – the second largest canned tuna producer in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean next to Thailand and the third largest tuna supplier in the world –is lobbying to reverse these conservation measures.

Although there’s no action yet from the WCFPC, Greenpeace is hoping that Filipino tuna fishers would realise FAD’s alleged destructive results to the marine environment as the valuable bigeye tuna is now overfished and yellowfin, skipjack and albacore tunas are all in decline and that “WCFPC is also partly to

blame because it failed to follow its scientific device of reducing tuna catches.”

High and dry?

The province of General Santos is the country’s tuna hub because of its proximity to the tunarich fishing grounds of the Moro Gulf, Sulu Sea, Mindanao Sea and Celebes Sea. As the province is not often visited by devastating typhoons and its availability of facilities such as wharves, canneries and an airport, General Santos City is called the ‘Tuna Capital of the Philippines’.

But because of the ban, the province is now experiencing production problems that have not been experienced by fishers before. In a data provided by the Philippine Fisheries Development Authority, the total tuna landing of city’s port complex dropped by 21 per cent from 143,138 tonnes in 2010 to 112,891.81 tonnes last year. The volume of landings in mature yellowfin tuna has been on the decline from 33,369 tonnes in 2007 to a mere 9,061.13 tonnes in 2011. According to General Santos-based journalist Edward Espejo, the 2011 landing is an indication that more than 90 per cent of raw materials for the city’s six canning plants have been sourced from abroad (74.7 per cent at 53,010.04 tonnes) or from Manila (16.6 per cent at

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11,796.11 tonnes). For this reason, Espejo says tuna players have come to terms that unless conservation measures are instituted, tuna catch will continue to decline which could pose serious problems for the country.

Despite the ongoing fishing ban, Tan believes that this could help replenish their stocks as the areas covered by the ban lie in one of the strategic migratory paths of tuna and tuna-like species will be closed to commercial fishing. However, city officials are appealing to lift the ban and allow medium size purse seiners (or medium size boats) to fish in the high seas off Palau, Micronesia, Papua New Guinea and Indonesia where Filipino fishermen are often “caught” in the territorial waters.

Authorities say the ban has impacted the province’s economy and of the entire tuna industry where employees are composed of fisherfolks.

But commercial fleets are also affected by the ban. According to General Santos City’s local government, around 160 fishing vessels were forced to recall their operations that significantly reduced fishing expeditions by commercial tuna fishers. Adding to the woes is the increasing prices of fuel which grounded both small and big fishing fleets. In order for the industry to be sustainable, Tan said the Philippine fishing vessel should be reduced to not more than fifty which was largely protested by fishers. Tan said the government should set aside at least US$28.47mn to cushion the impact of reduced fishing vessels. He revealed that some operators have already sold their super seiners because of increased production costs.

According to Espejo, as local tuna production began to decline, canning plants have been cutting production hours by a third, from the usual 24/7. Operations are now at two production shifts and sometimes just once a day. Despite the declining Philippine catch, Filipino canned tuna exporters seem to have not been affected as they were able to put up canneries in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea.

But the government admits that it is high time stakeholders have to explore ways to diversify. Agriculture Secretary Proceso Alcala said

Many global markets for tuna are now demanding fish caught using sustainable methods

industry players must look into a number of prospects that can be pursued such as shifting into aquaculture or mariculture or planting mangroves in the coastal waters to counter the impact of declining marine fish volume.

Espejo says that even key players in General Santos have acknowledged that the industry might be facing a long term crisis due to continuous increase of production costs, depleting marine habitat and global economic meltdown. Espejo reveals that out of 10 families in General Santos during the industry’s heydays which spanned from 1960s to early 2000, only three are left and even the likes of Tan who owned one of the biggest commercial fleets went outside the fishing business as the “glory days of tuna might be over”.

Nevertheless, industry players are hoping that given mitigation measures plus the right policy moves, the Philippine tuna industry might still recapture its lost crown. n

By Gemma Delmo

Global partnership to promote aquaculture in fighting hunger A MAJOR INTERNATIONAL initiative has been launched to better understand the role of aquaculture in food security in poor countries.

Bringing together a global alliance of development agencies, governments and universities, the initiative will help low-income fooddeficit countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America to develop sustainable policies for improving the livelihoods of millions of poor people.

The European Union (EU) is funding the three-year project, which is managed by FAO in partnership with a global alliance of 20 development agencies, governments and universities.

Fish is the primary source of protein for 17 per cent of the world's population – nearly 25 per cent in low-income food-deficit countries.

Fish is also a good source of omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3 fatty acids Initiative will help low-income food deficit countries

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benefit the heart and brain development of healthy people, and those at high risk or who have cardiovascular disease. Nearly 50 per cent of the fish eaten now comes from aquaculture.

Although aquaculture is widely regarded to play a pivotal role in fighting hunger, little is known about its exact impact on food and nutrition security and poverty alleviation in developing countries.

Given population growth projections, increasing demands for fish products with stable production of capture fisheries, aquaculture will need to expand to meet the future demand for fish.

Impact on food security The new partnership represents the world's regions where aquaculture plays a major role and supports the livelihoods of millions of small-scale fish farmers. It also includes key institutions with a strong expertise in research, development project implementation and dissemination.

The project – Aquaculture for Food Security, Poverty Alleviation and Nutrition – will develop new ways to quantify the contribution of aquaculture with better tools and more systematic and quantitative assessments. Moreover, it will elaborate strategies for improving the impact of aquaculture on food and nutrition security and poverty alleviation.

"The project will work closely with fish farming communities and will focus on field research in many major aquaculture countries in the developing world. It will develop tools and methodologies to help key partners to develop policies geared to improving aquaculture's contribution to food and nutrition security," said Rohana Subasinghe, senior FAO expert on aquaculture and coordinator of the project.

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Livestock

Green tea can help pigs gain weight A KOREAN-AMERICA STUDY has revealed that a combination of green tea and probiotics can help pigs gain weight, improve meat composition, blood parameters and immunity in pigs. The mixture could be used as an alternative to antibiotics for growingfinishing pig feeds.

The study was carried out at the Sunchon National University, South Korea and the University of Missouri, USA. The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of green tea byproduct and green tea plus probiotics on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, blood parameters and immunity of growing– finishing pigs. In total, 80 crossbreed growing pigs were assigned to receive four dietary treatments for a period of eight weeks. The dietary treatments were a basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with 0.003 per cent chlortetracycline (antibiotic), basal diet with 0.5 per cent green tea by-

product and basal diet containing 0.5 the control and green tea byproduct per cent green tea plus probiotics. groups. The growth of spleen cells The results of the study indicated incubated in concanavalin A (Con A) that bodyweight gain increased in and lipopolysaccharide medium was response to the addition of green tea statistically higher for the green tea plus probiotics to the basal diet. Crude plus probiotics group than for the protein and crude ash content, and green tea by-product group or shear values of loin meat were antibiotic group. IL-6 and TNFsignificantly increased in the green production by spleen cells induced by tea plus probiotics group, although Con A and LPS was increased in the moisture and juiciness were green tea by-product group and green decreased. The group fed green tea by- tea plus probiotics group compared products had higher serum glucose with the antibiotic group. concentrations, whereas the green tea plus probiotics group exhibited lower insulin Mixture of green tea and probiotics concentrations. can be an alternative to antibiotics The values of thiobarbituric acidreactive substances of fresh loin meat and meat that had been preserved for one week were lower in the green tea plus probiotics group than those of

‘Liquid pig feed has potential’ A NEW STUDY at Aarhus University on fermented liquid feed for pigs has found that this form of feeding has potential to becoming widely used worldwide.

“Feeding liquid feed to pigs is gaining foothold in agriculture. This is largely because this type of feed seems to benefit pig health. But more knowledge is needed in the area,” concludes the two scientists from Aarhus University, Nuria Canibe and Bent Borg Jensen, who have published an article that reviews the research on liquid feeding.

"Fermentation can be a method of improving the nutritional value of feed ingredients," said senior scientist Nuria Canibe.

In the article the scientists discuss the microbial and nutritional characteristics of liquid feed during fermentation and strategies to improve these, and the importance of fermented feed for gut health in pigs.

SCE bins for modular solutions WITH THE DEMAND for food to nourish the world’s growing population increasing, companies want their manufacturing processes to become more efficient and effective. As partner in modular process storage solutions, Belgium’s SCE or Silo Construction and Engineering’s range of rectangular steel storage bins help increase operational efficiency by saving time and energy.

“Tightly integrated within any process, more and more companies choose to expand their storage capacity with SCE bins,” said a company official.

Because SCE bins are rectangular, they are consequently far less wasteful of space. On the same surface one can store 27 per cent more in a rectangular silo than in a cylindrical one. Since its structures are self-supporting it is possible to incorporate machine floor, control room, warehousing, etc within the overall framework.

This cannot be done with a battery of cylindrical silos where extra expense has to be incurred to construct a separate building for this purpose. As the silos are integrated during the production process their construction can limit the use of expensive bucket elevators and conveyors.

Bins made by SCE are designed and constructed for the storage of both granular and powdered products.

Smooth wall bins - interior

FAR EASTERN AGRICULTURE Issue Five 2012

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Livestock

A clean barn significant for respiratory disease control Since the main culprit in respiratory disease is ammonia – a result of moisture reacting with poultry droppings – farmers should strive to keep moisture content to a minimum ESPIRATORY DISEASE REPRESENTS a significant threat to poultry flocks. Strict adherence to good management practices throughout the poultry operation, especially the watering system, is the only way poultry producers can reduce the impact of respiratory disease on their flocks and profits.

If the birds are showing signs of infection, a producer can respond with medication. But all too often, the birds exhibit no signs of infection other than underperformance. Respiratory disease is not a single virus or bacteria; it generally is a complex of both, making prevention and treatment far more complicated.

Even though farmers are vaccinating most flocks, respiratory lesions still turn up at slaughter on a regular basis; and these defects hurt weight gain and carcass quality.

The US Department of Agriculture reported, "As we enter the 21st century, the single most important issue for poultry farmers will be how to lessen the direct and indirect cost of disease. A threshold has been reached where poultry farmers will have to either produce more birds to overcome the current cost of disease or produce the same amount of birds at a lesser cost with value-added disease control measures."

The primary culprit in respiratory disease is ammonia, which is a result of moisture reacting with poultry droppings in the litter.

Ammonia destroys the cilia (hair like projects that trap dust and other particles) in the chicken's trachea. This leads to erosion of the tracheal lining.

The irritated tracheal lining is more susceptible to infection by viruses or bacteria, and this can cause additional destruction of the trachea. Finally, an E. coli bacterium from the litter gets into the trachea and the bird develops airsacculitis.

It makes sense, then, that you can reduce the incidence of respiratory disease by controlling ammonia in the poultry house. One strategy for controlling ammonia is to keep the litter dry; a second is to remove ammonia with ventilation. Ziggity recommends a combination of the two.

Because of its makeup, litter in a poultry barn will always contain a certain amount of moisture, most of which comes from the birds

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Adherence to good practices during poultry operation can reduce the impact of respiratory disease on the flock

themselves. Birds retain only about 30 per cent of the water they drink. About 20 per cent goes into the air as the birds exhale, and they excrete the remaining 50 per cent in their feces.

While some moisture in the litter is inevitable, farmers should strive to keep the moisture content to a minimum - about 20 to 25 per cent. This will keep the litter friable.

The following are some tips on how to keep the litter dry: Prevent leaky drinkers. Establish a regular programme of high pressure flushing for the watering system. This will remove biofilm and sediment buildups that can clog drinkers and cause them to leak. Ziggity recommends using a hydrogen peroxide-based cleaner to scrub the interior of the water pipes before flushing.

Also, when you determine a drinker is leaking, replace it immediately.

Have adequate ventilation, summer and winter. Another reason for wet litter is inadequate ventilation to dry the litter and move the moisture out of the poultry barn. In warm weather, it makes sense to ventilate the barn. The air movement helps keep the birds cool, as well as removing moisture from the barn. In cooler weather, you’ll find it necessary to heat the barn, not only to protect the birds from cold, but also to continue the evaporation process. Too often, farmers will attempt to save money by cutting back on heating. Research

by University of Georgia poultry scientists

shows, however, that the money saved on fuel is far outweighed by the money lost on underperforming birds as a result of elevated litter moisture and ammonia levels.

During the drinking process, birds can only retain a certain amount of water in their beaks.

If more water discharges from the drinker than what the bird can retain, the oversupply spills onto the litter. The key to achieving the correct pressure settings for your system is to take litter readings. Again, strive for friable litter.

Many farmers use their watering system to vaccinate their flocks against respiratory disease. If you do, it is a good procedure to flush the water lines about 24 hours prior to vaccination to remove any biofilm and sediment in the lines. Then immediately after the vaccination, flush the lines again. This will remove any nutrients in the lines left over from the stock vaccine solution. Also, be sure that when you administer the vaccine, the lines are fully charged with the vaccine solution. If they are not, you will have birds drinking plain water instead of the vaccine.

Respiratory disease is a serious threat to the poultry industry. Each year, it determines for many producers the difference between making a profit and suffering a loss. The best way to combat respiratory disease is to fight ammonia in the poultry barn. n Ziggity Systems, Inc.

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Crops

Protectant copper fungicide still first for tropical trees Copper fungicides are the most widely used protectant fungicides for tree crop disease control in the tropics, having undergone continuous development in formulation technology and spray application technique over the last 100 plus years REE CROPS IN the wet and humid tropics are continually vulnerable to disease and long term crop loss. Virtually all the major tree crops including coffee, cocoa, tea, citrus, mango and avocado are evergreen trees which means that leaves, providing they remain healthy, have life span measured in years rather than months. Even rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), which is actually a deciduous tree, behaves like an evergreen with its period of leaf fall often lasting only a week before new leaves appear. Evergreen leaves, on the tree for long periods of time, are continually open to infection and invasion by fungal diseases and thus require long lasting protection from protectant fungicide deposits which can resist the all-round effects of tropical weathering.

Many tropical tree crops like cocoa and mango tend to produce new foliage in distinct and copious leaf flushes in response to seasonal changes related to alternating wet and dry seasons. This rush and flush of young leaves, lacking cuticle and wax bloom protection, is exceptionally vulnerable to fungal pathogens and foliar disease. Growth and expansion rates of newly emerged leaves and newly-set fruits are rapid with a correspondingly dynamic surface area requiring

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complete protection.

Moreover, high levels of intense tropical rainfall and accompanying high humidity provide the ideal conditions for infection, disease development and spread, while exerting high weathering and erosive pressures on protectant fungicide deposits on leaf and fruit surfaces.

Overall requirement is for the application of protectant fungicide using spray techniques that target the most vulnerable areas of the canopy and using formulations which provide tenacious fungicide deposits that are resistant to the erosive effects of tropical rainfall.

Treatments must be applied at a dose and frequency that will ensure high enough fungicidally active deposits are maintained throughout the entire disease-susceptible period.

the leaf and are therefore unable to eradicate established infections in the same way as systemically-acting curative fungicides.

Copper fungicides are still the most widely and intensively used protectant fungicides for tree crop disease control in the tropics, having undergone continuous evolutionary change and development in formulation technology and spray application technique over the last 100 plus years.

The contemporary copper containing products are the particulate fixed copper fungicides, so called because they are composed of discrete particles with the copper fixed in what are essentially insoluble (sparingly soluble) salts of elemental metallic copper. The three main proprietary fixed copper fungicides are copper oxychloride, cupric hydroxide and cuprous oxide.

Protectant copper fungicides

Pre-eminence of cuprous oxide

Protectant fungicides do exactly what their name says by forming a protective deposit over leaf and fruit surfaces to kill germinating fungal spores. As such they must be in place as a rain-resistant initial deposit before the spores alight on the leaf or fruit surface. These are purely contact fungicides. They do not enter

On a gram for gram basis, cuprous oxide contains the most active copper and is therefore the most efficacious (on a weight for weight basis). The molecular weight* of cuprous oxide [Cu2 0] is 143.00 with 127.00 (88 per cent) of this accounted for by the mass of two copper atoms. The equivalent figure for

Failure to protect leaves and fruits by spraying copper fungicide will invariably lead to anthracnose and stem end rot infections after the fruit is picked (Picture Dr Terry Mabbett)

Close-up showing stem end rot and anthracnose infections ‘eating into’ the flesh of the mango fruit (Picture Dr Terry Mabbett)

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Crops

Citrus fruit bearing a well-distributed spray deposit of red cuprous oxide (Picture Trond Kristiansen, Nordox)

Robusta coffee shown here can suffer severe losses from coffee leaf rust and other leaf and fruit diseases unless protected with sprays of copper fungicide especially during the wet season (Picture Dr Terry Mabbett)

Spray timing and placement

Undersides of coffee leaves showing the effect of cuprous oxide spray on the control of coffee leaf rust. Top leaf with many orange coffee leaf rust pustules has not been sprayed. Bottom leaf with very few rust pustules has been sprayed with cuprous oxide (Picture Trond Kristiansen, Nordox)

cupric hydroxide [Cu(OH)2] is 63.5/97.5 (65 per cent) and for copper oxychloride [3Cu(OH)2 .CuCl2] is 381.00/696.00 (55 per cent), respectively. Therefore on gram for gram basis cuprous oxide contains around 20-25 per cent more fungicidal capacity than cupric hydroxide and copper oxychloride. *Calculations made using the atomic weights of Copper (Cu) – 63.5; Oxygen (O) – 16; Hydrogen (H) – 1; Chlorine (Cl) – 35.

Particle size distribution of the formulation plays a crucial role in deposit tenacity and weathering resistance over and above any inherent high tenacity of cuprous oxide as a fixed copper fungicide. For instance, cuprous oxide manufactured by Nordox (Oslo, Norway) has all particles within the 1µm to 5µm diameter range (80 per cent less than 2µm

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and 99 per cent less than 5µm) to give an unrivalled particle-size profile.

The high surface area to mass ratio of very small particles maximises their adhesion to crop plant surfaces making removal by growth movements or weathering more difficult. Larger particles (3-4µm) are more likely to be blown off plant surfaces by air movements (wind), physically dislodged by plant growth movements or washed off by rainfall.

Rain simulation studies carried out in the Netherlands using a rainfall intensity of 10mm/hour recorded significantly superior deposit retention for Nordox cuprous oxide over cupric hydroxide and copper oxychloride. The median particle size of the cuprous oxide was 1µm which was significantly smaller than 3µm for the other fixed copper fungicides.

Citrus and mango are two classic examples of tropical fruit tree crops that undergo marked foliar (leaf) flushing at particular times of the year in response to seasonal changes during the transitional from dry to wet season. Large flushes of new leaves are soft and remain so until fully expanded with formation of a thick waxy cuticle and covering wax bloom.

During this period the young citrus leaves are highly susceptible to infection by a group of fungal pathogens including Mycosphaerella citri (greasy spot), Elsinoe fawcetti (sour orange scab) and Diaporthe citri. Not only do these diseases have the capacity to completely destroy new leaf growth but in some cases, such as sour orange scab, provide the ‘staging post’ and inoculum (spores) for subsequent infection of the young developing fruit.

Citrus trees must be sprayed and protected as they begin to flush using repeated spray applications as necessary to compensate for deposit dilution through leaf expansion and the loss of deposit through erosive effects of rainfall.

Gloeosporium limetticola (wither-tip of lime) is a perennial problem on new leaf flushes of lime trees. The disease sets back growth and distorts the growth pattern and normal long term canopy shape of lime trees. Trees respond to loss of the first foliar flushes with abnormal bursts of growth that subsequently destroy the normal tree canopy shape.

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Crops

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (anthracnose), the major disease of mango, hits new flushes of pendulous pink coloured mango leaves before moving on to infect the blossom and newly formed fruit. Anthracnose is carried right through to fruit maturity often as latent infections which only start to show and spread post-harvest with serious losses of fruit during the pre-marketing storage period.

Long term sustainable control of anthracnose of mango requires a season-long programme of copper fungicide sprays starting with the new leaf flushes and continued through to the preharvest period.

Cocoa undergoes even more vigorous and sustained foliar flushing but it is the fruit (cocoa pods) which is the disease susceptible plant part. The most universal and damaging disease is black pod (Phytophthora pod rot) caused by several Phytophthora species including P. palmivora. Pods at all stages of development are susceptible to Phytophthora pod rot, from the tiny ‘cherelles’ formed on the flower cushions to full ripe pods ready for harvest. Infection of flower cushions can lead to Phytophthora stem canker of the bark and wood which can kill the tree.

Black pod of cocoa is probably the most demanding disease of the hot wet tropics where farmers can face total crop loss in the absence of a rigorously applied programme of copper fungicide sprays starting before the start of the rainy season.

Good spray coverage is critical. These foliar fungal diseases develop most readily right inside the tree canopy where leaves take a long time to dry out after rainfall and are difficult to cover with spray. The abaxial (lower)

Tender new leaf flushes of cocoa and young pods which are vulnerable to Phytophthora pod rot unless sprayed with copper fungicide

FAR EASTERN AGRICULTURE Issue Five 2012

Growing and developing avocado fruits require long term protection from sprays of copper fungicide to prevent latent anthracnose infections which grow and spread quickly once the fruit is picked (Picture Trond Kristiansen, Nordox)

surface of the leaf is invariably more susceptible to infection because it lacks the waxy cuticle which covers the adaxial (upper) surface of the leaf, and because it is where most if not all the stomata (leaf pores) are found. The abaxial (lower) surface of a leaf stays wetter for longer after rainfall because it is shielded from direct rays of the sun.

Tree crops infected by fungi which can only enter the leaf through the stomata and exclusively on the (abaxial) lower surface of the leaf present the most critically difficult targets for spray application. Classic examples are coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix) and citrus greasy spot (Mycosphaeralla citri) which not surprisingly are two of the most difficult to control diseases of tropical tree crops.

Potential problems and challenges presented by such pathogens, and related to spray coverage requirements, can be overcome by using air-assisted sprayers like low volume knapsack mistblowers and handheld ULV (ultra-low volume) atomisers. Tree canopies are surrounded by a layer of still air which acts as a barrier to the deposition of spray droplets without sufficient force and momentum to ‘break through’. Spray droplets delivered by an air-assisted sprayer are preceded by the leading edge of the air stream which flips the leaves in the outer shell of the canopy.

This allows droplets to penetrate the canopy and be deposited right inside. By

flipping the leaves upwards, the undersides are exposed to incoming spray droplets which are deposited on this surface, exactly where they need to be. They prevent spores belonging to the coffee leaf rust pathogen and the citrus greasy spot pathogen from germinating and entering the stomata.

One factor not sufficiently allowed for when calculating spray application doses and frequencies is the dilution of initial fungicide deposit by the increase in size and therefore surface area of young leaves and fruits on their way to full size and maturity. If a leaf receives spray on the day after emergence but not again for three weeks by which time it has increased 10 fold in surface area, then the initial fungicide deposit will have been automatically reduced by a factor of 10 (on a µg/cm2 basis) even without any loss from weathering.

Protectant fungicide sprays should be applied at a sufficiently high dosage to buffer these effects of deposit dilution and be applied sufficiently frequently so that all new leaves receive spray at least once after the main period of leaf growth. The same premise applies for young developing fruit. Research shows how the initial fungicide deposit on young citrus fruits can be reduced up to a factor of 15 simply through increase in size and surface area of the fruit from normal growth rates. n

By Dr Terry Mabbett

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Crops

New monitoring system to track wheat fungus in 27 countries WHEAT EXPERTS HAVE reported a breakthrough in their ability to track the crop fungus Ug99 and related strains of mutating wheat pathogen ‘stem rust’ that threatens wheat fields from East Africa to South Asia The global monitoring system ‘Rust Tracker’ was unveiled recently to track the spread of stem rusts, at the 2012 Borlaug Global Rust Initiative (BGRI) Technical Workshop in China.

With the data submitted by farmers and scientists from fields and laboratories, the creators of the ‘Rust-Tracker’ say they now can monitor an unprecedented 42mn ha of wheat in 27 developing countries in the path of a windborne disease so virulent it could turn a healthy field of wheat into a black mass of twisted stems and dried-up grains. "Wheat rusts are global travellers with no respect for political boundaries, and it is highly likely that some of the virulent new strains related to Ug99 will eventually be carried across the Middle East and

Global monitoring system ‘Rust Tracker’ will track the spread of stem rusts

Central Asia and into the breadbaskets of Pakistan, China and India," said Dave Hodson, developer of Rust-Tracker and a scientist with the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT).

"Effective control often depends on finding out what is happening in distant regions, and the Rust-Tracker can help scientists assess the status of stem rust and other rust diseases, not only in their own countries, but also in neighboring countries."

At the start of a four-day symposium, scientists reported significant progress with developing and introducing 20 new varieties of rustresistant wheat over the last few years. Seed for the new varieties is being deployed and multiplied in eight frontline nations to produce enough seed for farmers to plant to prevent massive crop loss in case of an epidemic. But the experts in Beijing warned that wheat fields in a significant number of countries remain largely unprotected from the dangerous pathogen.

"The research being presented at this meeting takes us significantly closer to our goal of protecting the global wheat crop from rust diseases," said Ronnie Coffman, principal investigator and director of the Durable Rust Resistance in Wheat Project and vice chair of BGRI. "But the vast wheat-growing region that stretches across North Africa and Central Asia all the way to the gateway to China – the world's largest wheat-growing nation – is still vulnerable."

An estimated 85 per cent of wheat now in production, including most wheat grown in the Americas, Asia and Africa, is susceptible to Ug99 and its variants. For now, however, only the original mutation, Ug99, has been found outside of Africa - in Yemen and Iran.

Nepal scientists recognised for fight against wheat rust THE BORLAUG GLOBAL Rust Initiative (BGRI) has recognised five members of Nepal Agricultural Research Council with the first annual BGRI Gene Stewardship Award.

The scientists are Madan Bhatta, Sarala Sharma, Dhruba B Thapa, Nutan Gautam and Deepak Bhandari.

The BGRI Gene Stewardship Award recognises a researcher or team of researchers serving a national breeding programme or other national institutions.

Award recipients demonstrate excellence in the development, multiplication and/or release of rust resistant wheat varieties through appropriate means that encourage diversity and complexity of resistance, promote durability of materials and help implement BGRI’s goal of responsible gene deployment and stewardship.

“The BGRI encourages the use of durable, longlasting Ug99 resistant varieties,” Sarah Evanega, associate director of Durable Rust Resistance in Wheat project, and adjunct professor of plant breeding at Cornell University said.

“Despite limited resources, the Nepali team has deployed such varieties. In addition to durable resistance, they also offer higher yields than existing varieties. This is the kind of wheat farmers want to grow,” she added.

In the fast-moving battle against the Ug99 stem rust fungus, wheat varieties that rely only on one line of defence can be quickly overcome by the rapidly evolving Ug99 pathogen.

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Since Ug99 was discovered in Uganda in 1999, eight different mutations have been identified and each one of these new races is able to overcome different combinations of resistance genes. It takes much longer for breeders to develop and test new varieties than it does for Ug99 to mutate. So, to achieve any long-lasting defence, breeders are encouraged to release new varieties that do not rely on a single major gene for resistance. Combinations of multiple major and/or multiple minor resistance genes can slow down Ug99’s predations. The Nepal research team has released three such varieties: Vijay meaning “victory”, Francolin 1, and Danphe 1.

These varieties also offer resistance to other rust diseases, including leaf and stripe rust. Nepal is now fully prepared to face the possible arrival of stem rust Ug99 because the resistant varieties are already in the farmers’ fields.

Madan Bhatta of the Nepal team said, “The Nepali wheat team feels honoured to receive the prestigious BGRI Gene Stewardship Award 2012.

“This award has great significance as it is in the name of Noble Laureate Dr Norman Borlaug, who fought against world hunger. Dr Borlaug’s example inspires us to fight against deadly wheat rusts.”

Five members of Nepal Agricultural Research Council with the first annual BGRI Gene Stewardship Award

FAR EASTERN AGRICULTURE Issue Five 2012

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Crops

‘DNA’ sequencing to create new rice variety with greater health benefits DNA TECHNIQUES ARE being used to analyse genes in rice in pioneering research which aims to develop a new variety of the grain with greater health benefits.

University of Aberdeen scientists are leading the rice study and experts behind the four-year project – funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) – say they hope their work could improve the lives of millions worldwide, by putting better quality rice in the mouths of more people.

Professor Andrew Meharg, a biogeochemist at the University of Aberdeen, and one of the leads on the study which involves collaborators from Lancaster, Bangladesh, India and the Philippines, said, “We will be employing one of the most pioneering developments in plant science genome sequencing of plants. In fact we will be using the very same equipment and chemistry that is used to sequence genes in the human body, to analyse genes within rice.

“Our work is focused on Bangladesh, where rice accounts for 70 per cent of the population’s calorific intake. We plan to sequence the genes of 300 varieties of rice from the country and

Study also investigating the reduction of water required in rice production

surrounding Indian states. What we will be looking for are markers in each of those individual rice types which can be associated with a positive trait we wish to measure. For example those that can be attributed to providing a greater yield of the crop or higher levels of zinc. One important trait we will focus on is lower levels of grain arsenic. Arsenic, which is a poison to humans, is taken up by the crop from ground water during the growth process and can sometimes occur at high levels in rice.

“If we can identify the genes responsible in rice for these positive traits then we can improve crops more rapidly and accurately and ultimately develop a new type of rice which has greater benefits for the world’s population.”

The study will also test a technique developed by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), which aims to reduce the amount of water currently required in the process of rice production.

Dr Adam Price, from the University of Aberdeen’s School of Biological Sciences, explained: “Rice is relied upon as a staple part of the majority of the world’s diet, yet the process involved in growing this crop is accountable for a massive drain on the world’s water resources.

“A mammoth 2,500 litres amount of water is required to produce just 1kg of rice. We will be testing a technique developed by IRRI called alternative wetting and drying where the crop is flooded and then dried out for 10 to 15 days. Our focus will be to analyse the major benefits we believe to be aligned with this technique, to assess whether it provides the answer to making rice production a more sustainable option in the future.”

Arysta signs pact with Bayer to license fluoxastrobin fungicide ARYSTA LIFESCIENCE HAS signed an agreement with Bayer CropScience for the global licensing and sale of fluoxastrobin, Bayer’s patented strobilurin fungicide. Under the agreement, Arysta LifeScience will gain exclusive access to fluoxastrobin for all crop and non-crop applications except seed treatment and certain proprietary Bayer mixtures.

In 2005, Arysta LifeScience first licensed fluoxastrobin from Bayer for development in the USA, Canada and Japan.

Arysta LifeScience has successfully launched and marketed two brand families (DISARM and EVITO Wayne Hewett, president and CEO, Arysta LifeScience and Dr Rudiger Scheitza, member fungicides) based on of Bayer CropScience Executive Committee the active ingredient.

Arysta LifeScience now intends to build on that success by both leveraging existing products and developing new fluoxastrobin products in all six of its business units around the world.

“Fluoxastrobin is a very versatile fungicide and a valuable tool for growers,” said Paula Pinto, head of global marketing, Arysta LifeScience. “It provides broad-spectrum disease control and has demonstrated excellent plant health properties. We intend to develop fluoxastrobin for use in a wide range of crops including corn, soybeans, wheat, potatoes, vegetables, sugarcane, pome fruit and turfgrass.”

FAR EASTERN AGRICULTURE Issue Five 2012

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Crops

Fighting fungi in grain storage preserves cereal quality The main objective of proper grain storage is to maintain the quality and characteristics that the grain possessed immediately after harvesting and drying. The quality of grain cannot be improved during storage. Grain improperly harvested and dried will remain of low quality no matter how well it is stored HEN STORING GRAINS, the main enemies to conquer are fungi (moulds). Respiration may, in certain cases, contribute to a loss of dry matter during grain storage. However, the losses due to respiration are minor compared to those caused by living organisms. Losses caused by fungi in cereal grains are related to: • A decrease in germination, • Discoloration of the seed, • Heating and mustiness, • Biochemical changes, • Possible production of toxins, and • Loss in dry matter.

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All these changes may occur without the moulds becoming visible to the naked eye.

Storage moulds are prevalent in storage facilities when the grain moisture content is too low for field moulds (less than about 20 per cent). The moisture and temperature requirements of these moulds determine the safe storage period. By controlling moisture content and temperature, mould growth is restricted and grain can be dried without significant spoilage. Mechanical damage to

grain and the amount of foreign material also affects allowable storage time. Clean grain and whole seeds are more resistant to mould.

For long-term storage, grain should be dried as soon as possible after it comes from the field. A delay in drying decreases the allowable storage time. However, the average moisture content throughout the grain bin does not determine how long cereal grains can be stored. Spoilage may occur at isolated locations in the bin where grain moisture is high.

Grain temperature, moisture migration Improper control of the temperature inside the bin causes moisture to move or migrate from one part of the grain mass to another, where the moisture can accumulate and cause grain spoilage problems.

Although moisture migration problems can occur at any time, grain temperatures vary considerably. The difference in temperature starts air moving down the bin wall and toward the centre of the bin. As the air moves through the grain it becomes warmer and begins to pick up moisture from the grain. When the warm moist

air hits the cool upper surface of the grain, condensation occurs. In the spring the problem is reversed. Warming action from the sun on the outside of the bin causes moisture currents to move up and into the bin. Condensation then occurs on the bottom of the bin.

Heated air grain drying Whenever aeration or natural air drying fails to adequately condition grain for storage, a heated air dryer may be incorporated into the harvesting storage system. Compared to natural air drying, the heated air drying absorbs more moisture from the grain thus drying the grain faster. Over-drying of a cereal grain however, reduces the weight of grain that will be sold as less water is being sold. Also, it is more expensive in terms of energy costs.

These costs must be balanced against how long the wheat has to be safely stored and under what storage conditions. Some factors should be considered for drying cereal grain: Low temperatures should be used if the grain is to be stored for 6 months or more. - The damper the grain, the longer the drying process. Low temperatures should be used. Lower temperatures should be used in dryers which do not mix or circulate the grain.

Because excessive heat can damage cereal grain and reduce their ability to germinate, maximum safe air temperatures must not be exceeded.

Solar drying

The quality of grain cannot be improved during storage.

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Spreading out a thin layer of grain in the sun is a form of solar drying that has been practised for many years all over the world and is still being carried out in many tropical countries.

The main disadvantages of this system are that there is uncertainty of success due to variable weather and a non uniform grain quality. To circumvent these problems associated with traditional sun drying while still directly using the energy emitted by the sun, solar collectors have been applied in conjunction with a fan, a duct system and a bin in which grain is dried and stored

FAR EASTERN AGRICULTURE Issue Five 2012

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Crops The fungus Aspergillus parasiticus can cause harmful aflatoxin in grain

airflow from aeration fans tends to go around pockets of fines so they cool more slowly. The pockets often develop into hot spots that result in spoiled grain.

Serious efforts should be made to reduce the fines produced by harvesting, drying and handling, rather than trying to resolve storage problems later. Three grain storage management techniques that reduce the problem from fines are as follows: • Use a grain spreader to minimise the concentration of fines in storage. • Clean the grain before binning to improve storability. • Remove grain from the centre a few times during filling to remove accumulated fines.

Insect control

Aerate for temperature control Modern grain management uses aeration to control grain temperature and to reduce moisture variations. Aeration forces air through the grain either continuously or intermittently. Aeration is not a grain drying system and should not be used as one.

Grain drying or re-wetting is usually insignificant during grain aeration, because the cooling (or warming) front moves through the grain about 50 times faster than a drying or wetting front.

Grain can be tempered (cooled or warmed) by either negative or positive aeration systems. With either system, a tempering zone moves through the grain. The movement of the tempering zone completely through the grain is one cooling or warming cycle. Once a cycle had been started, operate the fan continuously until the zone moves completely through the grain. The time required to complete each cycle depends almost entirely on the aeration airflow rate. In a positive pressure system, the tempering zone starts at the bottom of the bin and moves up.

Insect infestations in storage can come from grain residues in combines, handling equipment, and from old grain left in storage. Correctly drying, aerating and managing stored grain will minimise the risk of insect infestation and damage. Insect activity goes with moisture accumulation and grain heating.

Look for insect activity on every storage visit. If an insect problem is noted, fumigate with a liquid, solid or gas grain fumigant in storage or as the grain is being turned. Fumigants are toxic and must be applied with proper safety precautions and equipment. Each fumigation job is different; hire a professional applicator. n

By Dick Ziggers

Aeration air flow rates Airflow rates for aeration are normally 1-2 litres of air per second per cubic metre of grain.

The bin floor should be 15per cent perforated (minimum). Grain put into the bin should be within 1per cent of dry. Screen the grain to reduce foreign material and fines as they increase resistance to air flow and reduce total airflow. Level the top of the grain to promote uniform air flow through the grain mass. Operate the fan long enough to complete a cycle (cooling or warming).

Fan operation Aerating of the grain depends on the season and during which period it should be stored.

Check the grain periodically and run the fan during cool, fair weather when the outside temperature is lower than the grain temperature. If there are any signs of heating or hot spots, no matter what the season or the weather, run the fan continuously until no heating can be detected.

Consider installing temperature sensing units in large grain storages.

Temperature sensors accurately trace the progress of aeration cooling or warming cycles. They help identify hot spots within the grain mass.

Managing fines in storage Broken grain and foreign material, or fines, can create two problems in stored grain, particularly when they accumulate in pockets. First, broken kernels are more susceptible to spoilage than unbroken ones. Secondly,

FAR EASTERN AGRICULTURE Issue Five 2012

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Feed & Grain Buyers’ Guide

Feed & Grain Buyers’Guide Section One - Listings by categories Section Two - List of suppliers Section Three - Contact details of agents in Asia

2012

PLEASE MENTION FAR EASTERN AGRICULTURE WHEN CONTACTING YOUR SUPPLIERS

Section One Additives and Raw Materials Amino Acids Eurofeed Technologies S.r.l.

Intraco Ltd. NV Fats & Oils Griffin Industries LLC Kiotechagil Feed Enzymes Kiotechagil Milk Products Neolait Minerals Eurofeed Technologies S.r.l.

Intraco Ltd. NV Neolait Unipoint AG

Mold & Mycotoxin Control Products Eurofeed Technologies S.r.l.

Kiotechagil Neolait Unipoint AG Phytogenic Feed Additives Delacon Phytogenic Feed Additives Premixes Eurofeed Technologies S.r.l.

Intraco Ltd. NV Neolait Protein Products Eurofeed Technologies S.r.l.

Griffin Industries LLC Intraco Ltd. NV Specialty Ingredients Kiotechagil

Vitamins Intraco Ltd. NV Neolait

Automation and Control Computer Software Formulation, Ration Optimization & Modelling Format International Ltd. Computer Software Automation Ottevanger Milling Engineers

Logistics Bulk Storage SCE nv Silo Construction & Engineering Ottevanger Milling Engineers

Conveyers SKA S.r.l. Italy Scales SKA S.r.l. Italy

Machinery and Equipment Bagging Awila Anlagenbau GmbH Conditioners Almex b.v.

Awila Anlagenbau GmbH Cookers Almex b.v.

Coolers Almex b.v.

Awila Anlagenbau GmbH Dryers Almex b.v.

Expanders Almex b.v.

Extruders Almex b.v.

Feeders Almex b.v.

SKA S.r.l. Italy Hammer Mills Awila Anlagenbau GmbH Ottevanger Milling Engineers Mixers & Blenders Ottevanger Milling Engineers Pelleting Equipment Awila Anlagenbau GmbH

Safety and Environment Feed & Feedstuffs Safety Testing SCE nv Silo Construction & Engineering Water Systems SKA S.r.l. Italy

Services Construction SCE nv Silo Construction & Engineering Turnkey Projects Awila Anlagenbau GmbH SCE nv Silo Construction & Engineering SKA S.r.l. Italy Ottevanger Milling Engineers

SUPPLIERS Section Two

Almex b.v.

PO Box 150, Zutphen, 7200 The Netherlands Tel: +31 575 572666 Fax: +31 575 572727 Web: www.almex.nl E-mail: info@almex.nl We are a family owned, independent company since early 1970s.

Almex single screw extruders and Contivar Expanders are in use worldwide at fishfeed, oil extraction, petfood, animal feed plants, the food industry and the processing and chemical industries.

The robust, basically simple design of the Almex equipment guarantees years of trouble free service.

ALMEX Extruders and Contivar Expanders are used for: Extrusion-cooking Pre-extraction processes Densifying Conditioning prior to other processes Expanded feed production Forming Cooking-forming Semi-moist H.T-S.T. processes Co-extrusions You are kindly invited to visit www.almex.nl for more information.

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Awila Anlagenbau GmbH Dillen 1, Lastrup, 49688, Germany Tel: +49 4472 8920 Fax: +49 4472 892220 Web: www.awila.de E-mail: info@awila.de Delacon Phytogenic Feed Additives Weissenwolffstr 14 Steyregg, 4221, Austria Tel: +43 732 6405310 Fax: +43 732 640533 Web: www.delacon.com E-mail: office@delacon.com DELACON is the first phytogenic feed additives producer in the world to obtain scientific validation on the safety and efficacy of its products. EFSA investigated FRESTA F for use as feed additive for weaned piglets, and found the product both safe and effective. Delacon pioneered the development, production and sales of phytogenic feed additives for farm animals and has maintained its position as market leader since it was established in 1988. AROMEX , FRESTA , BIOSTRONG and RUMEX are thoroughly tested, and distributed by subsidiary companies and distributors in over 30 countries around the globe.

Agents: Malaysia - Delacon Regional Office Asia Pacific

Diamond Engineering Shirehill Industrial Estate Saffron Walden, Essex England CB11 3AQ United Kingdom Tel: +44 844 8541731 Fax: +44 844 8541732 Web: www.diamond-engineering.co.uk

S.R.L.

Format International Ltd. Format House Poole Road Woking, Surrey GU21 6DY UK Tel: +44 1483 726081 Fax: +44 1483 722827 Web: www.formatinternational.com E-mail: info@formatinternational.com Agents: Korea - Easy Bio Korea Malaysia - 3N Viteland Philippines - Easy Bio Phils Inc. Vietnam - Biomin Vietnam Co. Ltd.

Eurofeed Technologies S.r.l.

Via L. Einaudi, 12 Loc Bettolino Brandico (BS), 25030, Italy Tel: +39 030 6864682/9973064 Fax: +39 030 6866560 Web: www.eurofeed.it E-mail: info@eurofeed.it

Griffin Industries LLC 4221 Alexandria Pike Cold Spring KY 41076, USA Tel: +1 859 7812010 Fax: +1 589 5722575 Web: www.griffinind.com E-mail: sales@griffinind.com

Eurofeed Technologies S.r.l is an Italian Company that produces and trades feed additives all over the world.

We are GMP+Certified.

Eurofeed Technologie’s portfolio includes the following additives as Acidifiers, Antioxidants, Antimicrobials, Aromas, Mould Inhibitors, Mycotoxin Biners, Natural Diarrhea Preventions, Nutraceutical Feed Supplements, Pellet Binders, Trace Mineral Chelateds, Vegetable Protein Concentrate.

Intraco Ltd. NV Meir 24, Antwerpen 2000, Belgium Tel: +32 3 2269850 Fax: +32 3 2269852 Web: www.intraco.be E-mail: intraco@intraco.be

FAR EASTERN AGRICULTURE Issue Five 2012

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Feed & Grain Buyers’ Guide

Kiotechagil Manton Wood Enterprise Park Worksop Nottingham S80 2RS United Kingdom Tel: +44 1909 537387 Fax: +44 1909 478919 Web: www.kiotechagil.com E-mail: info@kiotechagil.com

LUBING Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG Lubingstraße 6, Barnstorf 49406 Germany Tel: +49 54 4298790 Fax: +49 54 42987933 Web: www.lubing.de E-mail: info@lubing.de Agents: China - LUBING System Engineering (Shenzhen) Co. Ltd. India - LUBING India Pvt. Ltd. Indonesia - PT. Charoen Pokphand Indonesia Japan - Hytem Co. Ltd. Malaysia - Tong Seh Industries Supply Sdn Bhd Pakistan - Ample Trade Impex Thailand - KSP Equipment Co. Ltd. Vietnam - DONG A Material-Veterinary Jsc

Machines 4 Food Unit 40, Second Avenue Westfield Trading Estate Midsomer Norton, Radstock BA3 4BH United Kingdom Tel: +44 1761 410345 Fax: +44 1761 410332 Web: www.machines4food.co.uk E-mail: sales@machines4food.co.uk

Web: www.sce.be E-mail: info@sce.be

Merck Animal Health PO Box 31, Boxmeer, 5830 The Netherlands Tel: +31 485 587600 Fax: +31 485 577333 Web: www.merck-animal-health.com Neolait BP n° 1, Yffiniac, 22120, France Tel: +33 296 638250 Fax: +33 296 638252 Web: www.neolait.com E-mail: contact@neolait.com Olmix ZA du Haut du Bois, Brehan 56580, France Tel: +33 2 97388103 Fax: +33 2 97388658 Web: www.olmix.com E-mail: contact@olmix.com Agents: China - Olmix Beijing Vietnam - Olmix Vietnam

Ottevanger Milling Engineers Moerkapelse Zijde 32 2751 DL, Moerkapelle, Holland Tel: +31 79 5932221 Fax: +31 79 5931147 Web: www.ottevanger.com E-mail: mkp@ottevanger.com

SCE nv Silo Construction & Engineering Industrielaan 17A Industriezone Kwakkel, Zone C2 8810 Lichtervelde, Lichtervelde 8810, Belgium Tel: +32 51 723128 Fax: +32 51 725350

SCE, Silo Construction and Engineering, of Belgium is a worldwide partner and specialist in design, production and assembly of rectangular modular process silos.

The demand for food to nourish the world’s growing population is increasing continually.

As partner in modular process storage solutions, SCE wants to help food & feed producing companies to become more efficient and effective.

The modular SCE bins are innovative, compact and fast to assemble. Our short lead times are the result of our experience in project management: in-house engineering, a well-keened production process and care for quality.

SCE earned its merits in the feed industry and has successfully expanded to other sectors such as pet food, aqua feed, rice, coffee and cocoa. SCE has built modular square bins all over the world. In SE Asia SCE has references in Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia.

Schaumann Agri International GmbH An der Mühlenau 4, Pinneberg 25421, Germany Tel: +49 4101 2185300 Fax: +49 4101 2185399 Web: www.schaumann.info E-mail: info@schaumann-agri.com Agents: China - Schaumann Agri Trading (Shanghai) Company Limited Korea - Morningbio Co. Ltd. Taiwan - Brewster Nutritional Technology Inc

SEC Inc. PO Box 546, Dallas, Georgia 30132, USA Tel: +1 770 4456085 Fax: +1 770 4439058 E-mail: info@simengco.com

SKA S.r.l. Italy Via Agosta 3, Sandrigo (VI) 36066, Italy Tel: +39 44 4659700 Fax: +39 44 4659322 Web: www.ska.it E-mail: ska@ska.it SKA the Italian specialist in the production of poultry floor systems and pig equipment since 1954.

Aviary systems: • With chain feeding, drinking, perches, egg manure belt : for rearing • With chain feeding, drinking, perches, egg manure belt, egg collection belt, nests: egg layers .

Automatic feeding systems: • by chain : for breeders, commercial layers and pullets.

• pan feeders by auger : for breeders, broilers, cockerels, commercial layers, ducks, guinea fowls, quails and turkeys.

• cross auger : diameter • 45mm • 50mm • 63mm • 75mm • 90mm • 125mm Nest system: • automatic communal nest galvanised or wooden : for breeders and commercial layers • polypropylene slats : for heavy and light breed commercial layers and ducks.

• semiautomatic and manual nest Drinking system: • nipples with or without cup • round drinkers • linear drinkers for turkeys Ventilation and cooling system: • fans, pad cooling and cooling system with nozzle Tunnels TE or TI12: • Prefabricated tunnel house • Galvanized steel structure • Width : 9 - 10 - 12 m • Length : by request Prefabricated houses Prefabricated Mobile Houses

The micro-encapsulated probiotic

Healthy Natural Probiotic Protecure has been proved as an innovative and effective alternative for safeguarding the performance of farm animals.

For sows, piglets, fattening pigs and broilers; contains the highly effective lactic acid bacterial strain Enterococcus faecium (DSM 7134)

Q Product formulations for different applications:

- as micropellets - for administration with the drinking water (WA) - for spraying post-pelleting (PPA) Q Tested for safety and efficacy Q GMO-free Q Bio-certified Q EU-wide registration ber 2012

Novem any 13 –16th ve r · G er m

4 H anno ll 16, stand A0 See us at ha

Schaumann Agri International GmbH Tel. + 49 41 01 / 2 18 53 00 · Fax + 49 41 01 / 2 18 53 99 info@schaumann-agri.com · www.schaumann.info

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Feed & Grain Buyers’ Guide

New RFID tag for cattle tracking DAILY RFID, A producer and manufacturer of RFID readers and tags in China, has released RFID UHF animal ear tag-03 suitable for using in medium size livestock to improve the efficiency of radiofrequency identification (RFID) cattle tracking. Operating at a frequency range of 860 to 960 MHz for global use, this UHF RFID ear tag provides long reading range of up to 5 metres to allow ranchers to verify individual livestock quickly and decrease the problem of cattle losing or feeding mistakes.

Compliant with ISO 18000-6B U-CODE protocol, this passive RFID UHF animal ear tag-03 can help ranchers identify and record each cattle for its whole growth cycle. And after assigning each cattle with a unique ID number from the ear tag, the UHF animal ear tag can be detected by a reader within 3 to 5 metres.

With the chips sealed inside the polyurethane housing, the UHF animal ear tag has an IP68 protection rating and has a data retention of up to ten years. That is to say, when the animal tag is attached to the cattle’s ear, it can provide individual animal identification, such as animal’s feeding, location, vaccination history, etc.

Technical Systems PO Box 757, Sanlamhof, 7532 South Africa Tel: +27 21 9499191 Fax: +27 21 9499195 E-mail: info@technicalsys.com

Unipoint AG Klinofeed, Gewerbestrasse 2 Ossingen, 8475 Switzerland Tel: +41 52 3052041 Fax: +41 52 3052042

AGENTS Section Three China LUBING System Engineering (Shenzhen) Co. Ltd. Song Ming Industrial Park Gongming Town Guangming Dist Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province 518106 Tel: +86 75 527411888 Fax: +86 75 527411124 Web: www.lubcn.com E-mail: tjilim@lubing.cn Olmix Beijing Rm Bei 206, Yinhai Dasha, No Jia 10 Zhongguancun Nan Street, 100081 Tel: +86 10 62158713 Fax: +86 10 62158712 Schaumann Agri Trading (Shanghai) Company Limited Room 2603, 325 Tian Yao Qiao Road Gateway International Plaza Shanghai, 200030 Tel: +86 21 33632585 Fax: +86 21 33632586 Web: www.schaumann.cn E-mail: info@schaumann.cn

India LUBING India Pvt. Ltd. 271/P/B, Ingawale Patil Estate, Bhugaon, Pune, Maharastra, 411042 Tel: +91 20 22952404/22952405 Fax: +91 9890996030 Web: www.lubingindia.com E-mail: surinder@lubingindia.com

Indonesia PT. Charoen Pokphand Indonesia Jl Raya Serang Km 30 Balaraja, Tangerang, 15610 Tel: +62 21 64701200 Fax: +62 21 64700968 Web: www.lubing.com E-mail: lasma.siagian@cp.co.id

Japan Hytem Co. Ltd. 2-10 Techno Plaza, Kakamigahara City, Gifu, 509-0109 Tel: +81 58 3850505 Fax: +81 58 3851230 Web: www.hytem.com E-mail: info@hytem.com

Korea Easy Bio Korea #3th. Union Center 831-11 Yoksam Dong, Kangnam Gu, Seoul Tel: +82 2 5019988 E-mail: insook.kang@formatinternational.com Morningbio Co. Ltd. # Seemi B/D, 1731 Doojung-dong Cheonan, Chungnam, 330-210 Tel: +82 41 5780604 Fax: +82 41 5780605 Web: www.morningbio.co.kr

Malaysia 3N Viteland 46 Jalan Perdagangan 16 Taman University Industrial Park, Taman University Skuda Johor Bahru, Johor, 81300 Tel: +60 7 5206798 E-mail: goh.keeseng@formatinternational.com Delacon Regional Office Asia Pacific C/o 37, Jalan Bukit Mewah 2 Taman Bukit Mewah, Kajang Selangor, 43000 Tel: +60 12 2026991 Fax: +60 38 7338786 Web: www.delacon.com E-mail: sales-asia@delacon.com Tong Seh Industries Supply Sdn Bhd Lot 780, Block A, Jalan Sungai Putus Off Jalan Kapar 3 3/4 Miles Klang, Selangor, 42100 Tel: +60 3 32916958 Fax: +60 3 32915198

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Web: www.tongseh.com.my E-mail: enquiry@tongseh.po.my

Pakistan Ample Trade Impex Office 3-4, 2nd Floor, Sarjah Centre 62 - Shadman Market Tel: +92 42 7584400 Fax: +92 42 7532102 Web: www.lubing.com E-mail: ample@nexlinx.net.pk

Philippines Easy Bio Phils Inc. Unit 1609 West Tower, Phil. Stock Exchange Center, Exchange Road Ortigas Center, Pasig City, 1605 Tel: +63 2 6354692 E-mail: kate.cornista@formatinternational.com

Taiwan Brewster Nutritional Technology Inc Tel: +886 4 23785839 E-mail: brew.ster@msa.hinet.net

Thailand KSP Equipment Co. Ltd. 100 MU3 Suksawad Soi 76 Suksawad Road, Prapadaeng Samutprakarn, 10130 Tel: +66 28 176410 Fax: +66 28 176439 Web: www.lubing.com E-mail: kannika@cpf.co.th

Vietnam Biomin Vietnam Co. Ltd. Duong Xa, Gia Lam, Hanoi Tel: +84 4 8765632 E-mail: ng.phuong@formatinternational.com DONG A Material-Veterinary Jsc 62, Ho Tung Mau Caudien, Tuliem, Hanoi Tel: +84 4 37632583 Fax: +84 4 37632602 Web: www.dmvjsc.com E-mail: dmvjc@fpt.vn Olmix Vietnam 14C12 Hoa Lan Street Ward 2, Phu Nhuan District Ho Chi Minh City Tel: + 84 8 35172098 Fax: + 84 8 35172163

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New Holland unveils Braud 9080L in China NEW HOLLAND AGRICULTURE showcased its innovative Braud 9080L – the first grape harvester to be presented in the country – at the CIAME Show 2012 held recently at the International Exhibition Center in Shenyang, Northeast of China.

The CIAME, China International Agricultural Machinery Exhibition, is one of the largest international agricultural machinery show in Asia “The ingenious Braud 9080L, a self-propelled grape harvester, offers Chinese growers unequalled opportunities to develop their business in a sustainable way, maximising productivity and delivering the highest harvest quality while benefiting from cost efficiency and operator comfort,” a statement from the company said.

New Holland grape harvesters are complemented by a full range of agricultural equipment, from tractors and combine harvesters to till balers and hay and forage tools, to serve any customer's requirement.

The Braud 9080L is part of the New Holland Braud 9000L Series, which comprises four models to suit medium, large, and extra large vineyards' needs.

The 9000L Series ranges Braud 9080L is a self-propelled from 141hp to 175hp, with 4grape harvester or 6-cylinder displacement and common rail electronic engines developed by FPT Industrial, a sister company that is also a part of Fiat Industrial.

The Braud 9000L Series models are designed to carry out vineyard operations all year round, from pre-pruning to grape harvesting. The picking head can be easily coupled and uncoupled by one person without special tools, while the front carrier can be fitted quickly with implements, including trimmer, pre-pruner, leafremover or spraying implements to meet the multifunction expectations of grape growers in every season.

The cabs are suspended, soundproofed, ventilated, pressurised, waterproof, heated and airconditioned. The narrow steering column increases the visibility while the seat provides operators with first-class comfort, allowing them to face even the longest harvesting days with full peace-of-mind.

The Intelliview™ III in-cab touch screen monitor can display and set up all the machine functions by means of several customisable pages. Fully ISO BUS compatible, it can be used to operate a range of multifunction equipment and sprayers. This eliminates the need for a separate control and reduces the time to switch between jobs.

Nedap offers new control system with Velos EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT IS essential for future pig breeding, which is why Nedap says it is introducing Velos. A new control system, specially developed for and with pig breeders, Nedap Velos offers an independently-functioning platform that can be combined with various components.

‘By allowing individual animal management on large scale farms, higher production results per animal are achieved’, said a statement by the company.

The Nedap Velos sow feeding stations are based on individual feed supply in an efficient and effective way.

Velos stations identifies sows, determines the amount of feed and composition required and doses the feed automatically. It adjusts feed volumes to the gestation phase, the sow’s condition, the seasons and the sow’s feeding capacity. It informs whether the sow has eaten the feed. It also automatically doses water to aid the consumption of the feed. Velos does not require (repeat) input for predictable events, but requests confirmation of recorded facts.

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Equipment

New Lexion 700 series gets the CEMOS advantage WITH ITS NEW LEXION 700 series, CLAAS is introducing the world's first combine harvester model series which continuously and automatically adjusts to the harvest conditions.

In 2010, CLAAS introduced CEMOS (CLAAS Electronic Machine Optimisation System) for its LEXION combine harvesters.

This operator assistance system helps to improve combine harvesting performance by guiding the operator to the optimal machine settings through adjustment suggestions.

However, the operator must request these suggestions actively and must actively accept or reject them. The system is, thus, a system of dialogue between operator and machine.

The CEMOS AUTOMATIC system in the new LEXION promises to bring a revolution in combine harvesting as the first fully automatic adjustment system for separation and cleaning, Claas said in a statement. In combination with the GPS PILOT, automatic steering system, and CRUISE PILOT throughput controller, CLAAS machines can perform almost fully automatic grain harvesting with top performance in the areas of

CEMOS AUTOMATIC system in the new LEXION will help in combine harvesting

throughput, grain quality, grain cleanliness, minimal fuel consumption, and ease of operation.

The new CEMOS Automatic system uses numerous sensors to monitor a wide variety of the parameters of the combine harvester with split-second accuracy and immediately adjusts the settings to the current conditions - fully automatically. A statement by the company makes a distinction between two systems: CEMOS Auto Separation optimises residual

WEDA pen offers more movement THE LEGAL AMENDMENTS for sow managements have led to stormy discussions about the wellbeing of animals. Amongst others, one of the topics was concerned with more space to enable more freedom of movement for sows in farrowing pens. In some countries, like for example in Austria, farmers will in future even be obliged by law in this respect.

In order to provide a solution to this, WEDA Dammann and Westerkamp from Lutten have developed an easy to operate freedom-of-movement and motion pen for sows. This ergonomic version of the full-service providers for pig managements combines proven standard elements with a new locking mechanism into a user-friendly result.

The operators will be able to open and lock the side-wall of the sow’s pen with only one hand without requiring great effort or complicating installation procedures. This way, the animals will have more freedom of movement with just one touch. The door flap construction is free from wear and tear so that no costs occur due to the procuring of replacement parts or service activities.

Regardless of different floors and unit sizes, - the WEDA system is universally applicable.

WEDA has developed motion pen for sows

32

grain separation by adjusting the parameters for rotor speed and rotor cover plate position.

CEMOS Auto Cleaning regulates the cleaning process via the parameters for blower speed as well as upper and lower sieve opening.

CEMOS Automatic is based on the familiar CEMOS system and the Automatic variant retains the same dialogue function. The automatic functions are displayed on the CEBIS terminal. These are always activated at the plant but can be shut off by accessing CEBIS MOBILE. Furthermore, CEMOS Auto Separation and CEMOS Auto Cleaning can be switched on and off separately. In CEMOS Automatic, the operator can choose between four optimisation strategies: these are ‘maximum throughput’, e.g. if the harvesting window is very tight or if the weather conditions are more favourable; minimum fuel consumption; high threshing quality; and finally, balanced, combining the three aforementioned basic settings. On initial preproduction machines, using the ‘maximum throughput’ operating strategy in CEMOS AUTOMATIC resulted in output improvements of up to 20 per cent.

Fancom launches SmartFix feed system FANCOM LAUNCHED THE SmartFix liquid feeding system with the new F78 computer to the Chinese market recently at the VIV China show.

The F78 is a mix of ease, reliability and flexibility - and pig producers can use it to perfectly control the complete feeding process from silo to trough, informed an official from Fancom.

The F78 controls the entire process of the FullFix and SmartFix liquid feed systems, from dosing in the ingredients and mixing right up to dosing out the Fancom’s new F78 liquid feed computer feed according to the pre-set feed curve in the right portions.

A remarkable feature of the new F78 is the user-friendly computer operation via FarmManager. The user can follow, manage and analyse the entire feeding process on the computer on the clear user screens. The result - time savings and a lighter work load.

The link to FarmManager makes the F78 a component of the integrated Fancom automated solutions for pig houses. Together with the climate computer and the animal weighing system pig farmers have control over the processes in the house and the operational processes.

The system saves time and helps farmers to keep the cost price of feed and the production results under control.

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Equipment

Lubing’s unit for clean conveyor chains DRINKING, CONVEYOR AND climate systems provider Lubing has developed a unit to clean conveyor chains for egg transportation. The ultrasonic cleaning process works with hot water and the addition of cleaning liquid. In doing so, the unit removes dirt and therefore the medium for bacteria and fungus infestations from the entire conveyor chain safely and reliably.

‘The cleaning unit can be integrated into an existing conveying system’, reveals a statement by the company.

A permanently installed deflection unit The unit removes dirt safely and reliably for the bottom chain in the conveyor is required for this purpose. The cleaning unit is suitable for stationary or mobile use.

The deflection unit immerses the bottom chain in the cleaning basin and then the cleaning basin is filled with water. The integrated heater is switched on and heats the water to the adjusted temperature which is approximately 80°C. Once this temperature is reached, 1-3 per cent cleaning liquid is added to the cleaning basin.

The cleaning process starts when the ultra-sonic units are switched on. The conveyor is also switched on and runs through the cleaning basin at the standard speed (6.5 m/minute).

PICHON launches spinning deck on Muck Masters FRENCH MANUFACTURER PICHON’S solid manure spreaders will now feature a spinning deck on all models from 12 to 24 m3.

This new system, built upon the idea of deflectors, fits onto the rear frame of all Muck Master range. It enables even and wide spreading while minimising wind resistance onto manure.

This spinning deck is particularly designed to spread light materials such as dry manure, compost at low rate (less than 10 T/hectare).

Made in two parts that are hydraulically controlled, each side deflector can be used independently while spreading traditionally near hedges or roads. It can also used as a full rear protection on the road.

Two small left and right deflectors located at the bottom part adjust spreading width. The manure is crushed and crumbled by the high diameter beaters and drops it into the spinning discs. Specific blades are fitted onto the discs, to get an accurate application from 15 to 20 metre width.

PICHON’s solid manure spreaders will feature a spinning deck

New product from Hamlet Protein boosts feed intake THE NEW PRODUCT HP 800 Booster, a supplement from Hamlet Protein, combines the best from soya with yeast and in three feeding tests the product improves feed intake.

“Almost every litter of piglets has its challenged piglets – small, underweight and in need of special care. Runts, weaklings, lowweight and early weaned piglets have some catching up to do. HP 800 Booster from Hamlet Protein is a gentle soya-yeast supplement for piglet feed - developed specially to boost the feed intake of challenged piglets for faster, healthy growth,” said a company statement.

HP Booster combines soya and yeast

With litter sizes increasing, average birth weight is in decline, and that means even smaller piglets than in the past. So, when introduced to the first feed, these challenged piglets need a high intake of extra, gentle nutrition to help them catch up with the others in size and strength.

Three Danish feeding tests show that HP 800 Booster improves feed intake. In the feeding tests, challenged piglets had a higher feed intake from feed supplemented with HP 800 Booster than with the already highperforming protein source HP 300.

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info@sce.be www.sce.be FAR EASTERN AGRICULTURE Issue Five 2012

SCE 33

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Classifieds

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FAR EASTERN AGRICULTURE Issue Five 2012

S09 FEAG 5 2012 Equipment_Layout 1 30/10/2012 10:03 Page 35

Moreover

Small-scale irrigation schemes yield big benefits

Expanding the use of smallholder water management techniques could increase yields and add billions of US dollars to household revenues S FOOD PRICES escalate globally, a new study finds that small-scale irrigation schemes can protect millions of farmers from food insecurity and climate risks in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.

The report, ‘Water for wealth and food security: Supporting farmer-driven investments in agricultural water management’, released by International Water Management Institute reveals that expanding the use of smallholder water management techniques could increase yields up to 300 per cent in some cases, and add tens of billions of US dollars to household revenues across sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.

“We’ve witnessed again and again what happens to the world’s poor – the majority of whom depend on agriculture for their livelihoods and already suffer from water scarcity – when they are at the mercy of our fragile global food system,” said Dr Colin Chartres, director general of IWMI. “However, farmers across the developing world are increasingly relying on and benefitting from small-scale, locally-relevant water solutions.”

The assessment quantified the potential reach and possible additional household revenue for a number of different on-farm and local community water solutions.

A

AgWater Solutions Research The three-year AgWater Solutions Research Initiative unearthed for the first time the scale at which enterprising smallholder farmers themselves are driving this revolution by using their own resources innovatively rather than waiting for water to be delivered.

“We were amazed at the scale of what is going on,” said IWMI official Meredith Giordano, who coordinated the initiative.

“Despite constraints, such as high upfront costs and poorly developed supply chains, small-scale farmers across Africa and Asia have moved ahead using their own resources to finance and install irrigation technologies. It’s clear that farmers themselves are driving this trend.”

Partners in the AgWater collaboration believe the implications of the work could be profound, especially for donors and private investors committed to boosting incomes and livelihoods in the world’s poorest countries by improving farmer access to water resources.

FAR EASTERN AGRICULTURE Issue Five 2012

Small-scale farmers across Africa and Asia are using their own resources to finance and install irrigation technologies

The AgWater Solutions project aims to make smallholder farming an engine for economic growth, poverty reduction and food security by: • Improving the understanding of agricultural water management (AWM) solutions – especially how farmers can gain access to them and the benefits they provide • Showing how they can reach millions of farmers by developing strategies and business models that overcome constraints • Communicating these to governments, donors and the private sector so that they can create or refine their policies, investments and implementation strategies The research – a collaborative effort involving several international and national partners and funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation – provides evidence on the scale and potential economic benefits of smallholder water management in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.

"Cheap pumps and new ways of powering them are transforming farming and boosting incomes all over Africa and Asia. Simple tools for drilling wells and capturing rainwater have enabled many farmers to produce more crops in the dry season, hugely boosting their incomes,” said Meredith.

As part of its activities the AgWater Solutions project developed the Investment Visualizer, an interactive, web-based mapping tool that allows policymakers to determine with a few clicks which of nine irrigation options would be most beneficial to farmers in their sub-region or country – including the number of people reached, yield improvements, and how much smallholder farmers could earn by using it – based on the severity of climate change, the price of crops, and the cost of implementing the chosen approach.

The research partners hope this tool will catalyse needed investments in low-cost water management options to allow farmers to meet the food needs of a growing population. They believe that improving water management capabilities could unleash smallholder farming and it could become a major driver of food security. n Source: IWMI

35

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nal !

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