Expressing the defeats and hardships (examples): The Holy Empire
The Holy See
France
Spain
Rembrandt The stoning of St. Stephen (Lyon) The Netherlands
Rembrandt Jeremiah lamenting the destruction of Jerusalem (Amsterdam)
Expressing the revival of the nationalistic enthusiasm and hope (examples):
Rembrandt The raising of Lazarus (Los Angeles) After some important defeats, such as the loss of Breda to the Spanish troops (1625), in the 30s the Dutch nationalists recovered their impetus in a decisive manner.
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