Construction process of bungalow

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 1 (ARC 1523) DEGREE YEAR 1 SEM 2 (MAR 14) PROJECT 2: Construction Activities and Process YAP ZHI JUN 0310738

Week 1 Construction Activity 1: Earthwork  Duration: 6 Days  Skilled worker: Land surveyor (1), land surveyor assistant (1), civil engineer (1), civil engineer assistant (1)  Technical information: Survey topography for measurement of earthwork quantities.

Week 2 Construction Activity 1: Earthwork  Duration: 6 Days  Equipment: Backhoe (1), excavator (1), dumper (1)  Skilled worker: Backhoe operator (1), dumper operator (1), general worker (1)  Technical information: Site is cleared of trees, topsoil, shrubs and rubbish.

Week 3 & 4 Construction Activity 1: Earthwork  Duration: 12 Days  Equipment: Portable penetrometer (1)  Skilled worker: Geotechnical engineer (1), geotechnical engineer assistant (1), civil engineer (1), civil engineer assistant (1)  Technical information: Mackintosh Probe (MP) test carried out for testing soft soils and determining suitable materials.

Week 5 Construction Activity 1: Earthwork  Duration: 6 Days  Equipment: Vibrating plate compactor (1), backhoe (1), excavator (1), paver (1), dumper (1)  Skilled worker: Backhoe operator (1), excavator operator (1), paver (1), dumper operator (1), general worker (1), grader (1), rollers (1)  Technical information: Site is excavated to required lengths, depths, breadths, inclinations and curvatures

Week 6 Construction Activity 1: Earthwork  Duration: 6 Days  Materials: Timber formwork, gravel  Equipment: Table saw (2), shovel (2), long tape measurer, steel tape, strong threads, wire nails, theodolite, wooden pegs, drill hammer  Skilled worker: Carpenter (2), general worker (1)  Technical information: Filling materials to lines, levels and grades required to complete permanent construction.

Week 7 Construction activity 1: Transporting piles  Duration: 2 days  Materials: piles  Equipment: Lorry (2), Crane (1)  Skilled worker: Lorry driver (4), Crane Operator (1)  Technical information: Transporting piles from factory, lift the piles by using crane from lorry after reaching the site.

Week 8 Construction activity 1: Pile driving process  Duration: 12 days  Materials: piles, pile cushion, bituminous paint  Equipment: Hydraulic drop hammer (1)  Skilled worker: contractor (1), Hydraulic drop hammer operator (1), General worker (3)  Technical information: Mobilize the hydraulic drop hammer to the intended pile position after marking penetration of the piles, set out the position of drop hammer above the pile point, pile driving, weld the joints between the piles, and apply bituminous paint around the joints of welded piles to prevent rusting.

Week 9 Construction activity 1: Cut off process  Duration: 3 days  Equipment: Multipurpose excavator (1), Pneumatic hammer (1), Oxy-cutter (1)  Skilled worker: Excavator operator (1), General worker (2)  Technical information: Excavate 1m to 1.5m depth by using multipurpose excavator, cut the piles to make sure all are in the same height using Pneumatic hammer, the reinforcement in the pile is cut by oxy-cutter.

Week 10 Construction activity 1: Set up formwork for pile cap  Duration: 5 days  Material: Plywood, nails, reinforcement  Equipment: hammer, measuring tape, drill, handsaw  Skilled worker: general worker (3)  Technical information: Set up formwork for pile cap, insert reinforcement for pile cap, and set up the reinforcement for column stump before pouring the concrete.

Week 11 Construction activity 1: Pour concrete into the formwork  Duration: 2 days  Material: Concrete  Equipment: Concrete mixer truck, Skip, Concrete vibrator  Skilled worker: Concrete mixer truck operator (1), general worker (3)  Technical information: Pour the concrete into the formwork through skip from concrete mixer truck, vibrate and mix the concrete evenly using concrete vibrator to increase its strength by preventing air pockets.

Construction activity 2: Pile cap harden process  Duration: 7 days  Technical information: Let the concrete pile cap harden for 7 days to wait it mature and sufficient strength, open formwork after completed.

Week 12 Construction activity 1: Set up formwork for column stump  Duration: 2 days  Material: Plywood, nails  Equipment: hammer, measuring tape, drill, handsaw  Skilled worker: General worker (2)  Technical information: Set up formwork for column stump before pouring the concrete.

Construction activity 2: Underground services  Duration: 6 days  Material: Metal conduit, steel/ aluminium tubing or PVC tubing, hexagonal plumbing fitting, plumbing sealant  Equipment: Plow chute, winch  Skilled worker: Electrician (1), general worker (2), plumber (1)  Technical information: Bury cable preinstalled in cable-in-conduit (CIC) and main plumbing pipes at excavated level.

Week 13 Construction activity 1: Pour concrete into the formwork Duration: 2 days  Material: Concrete  Equipment: Concrete mixer truck, Skip, Concrete vibrator  Skilled worker:  Technical information: Pour the concrete into the formwork through skip from concrete mixer truck, vibrate the concrete to increase its strength.

Construction activity 2: Column stump harden process  Duration: 7 days  Technical information: Let the concrete column stump harden for 7 days to wait it mature and sufficient strength, open formwork after completed

Week 14 Construction activity 1: Back filling the pile foundation  Duration: 1 day  Material: soil  Equipment: Multipurpose excavator (1)  Skilled worker: Multipurpose excavator Operator  Technical information: After the harden process, fill up the excavated part around the foundation to move on to the next process.

Week 15 Construction Activity 1: Construction of ground beam (Ground floor)  Duration: 6 Days  Materials: Concrete Grade 30, reinforcement, timber formwork  Equipment: Concrete vibrator (1), bar bending machine (1), table saw, machine mix concrete (1)  Skilled worker: Carpenter (2), bar bender (1), general worker (1)  Technical information: Determine material, marking form panels, erecting the formwork, provision a camber, brace the wood with stringer and support by struts and cleat, slump test, and pour cement concrete.

Week 16

Construction Activity 1: Slab (Ground floor)  Duration: 6 Days  Materials: Plywood formwork, reinforced steel, service pipes, concrete Grade 20  Equipment: Dip-galvanised nails, hammer, measuring tape, table saw, mixer truck, concrete vibrator, tipper, wheelbarrow.  Skilled worker: General worker (2), carpenter (1), bar bender (2)  Technical information: build formwork with plywood, fix reinforced steel, construction slab formwork, slump test and pour concrete.  Thickness range of plywood: 7mm - 32mm

Week 17 Construction Activity 1: Construction of columns (Ground floor)  Duration: 6 Days  Materials: Concrete Grade 30, reinforcement, timber formwork  Equipment: Concrete vibrator (1), bar bending machine (1), table saw  Skilled worker: Carpenter (2), bar bender (1), general worker (1)  Technical information: Place reinforcement bar and secured to the column formwork and the floor, slump test and poured concrete.

Week 18 Construction Activity 1: Construction of beam (First floor) Duration: 6 Days  Materials: Concrete Grade 30, reinforcement, timber formwork  Equipment: Concrete vibrator (1), bar bending machine (1), table saw, machine mix concrete (1)  Skilled worker: Carpenter (2), bar bender (1), general worker (1)  Technical information: Determine material, marking form panels, erecting the formwork, provision a camber, brace the wood with stringer and support by struts and cleat, slump test, and pour cement concrete.

Week 19 Construction Activity 1: Construction of slab (First Floor)  Duration: 6 Days  Materials: Plywood formwork, reinforced steel, service pipes, concrete Grade 20  Equipment: Dip-galvanised nails, hammer, measuring tape, table saw, mixer truck, concrete vibrator, tipper, wheelbarrow.  Skilled worker: General worker (2), carpenter (1), bar bender (2)  Technical information: build formwork with plywood, fix reinforced steel, construction slab formwork, slump test and pour concrete.  Thickness range of plywood: 7mm - 32mm

Week 20 Construction Activity 1: Staircase (Ground floor)  Duration: 3 Days  Materials: Ply Woods, Timber Battens  Equipment: Measuring Tape, Chalk Line, Drill, Hammer, Hand Saw  Skilled worker: Carpenter (1), Joinery (1)  Technical information: Make a pitch board with the angle of 30°. Hold pitch board on the side to represent the top of the stair slab and mark the riser and tread Construction Activity 2: Staircase (Ground floor)  Duration: 3 Days  Materials: Timber, Metal or Prefabricated Formwork  Equipment: Drill, Hammer, Hand Saw  Skilled worker: Bar Benders (1), Formwork Carpenters (1)  Technical information: Construct formwork by laying out riser heights and tread widths followed by soffit, joist and stringer lines. Then lay out thickness of risers from boards. Cut and nailed cleats to plank, nail riser form boards to the ends of cleats.

Week 21 Construction Activity 1: Staircase (Ground floor)  Duration: 2 Days  Materials: Hook, NLT 25’, VERT RR pins, rebar wire, cast aluminium, Cast in place sleeve  Equipment: Measuring Tape, chalk line, drill, hammer, hand saw  Skilled worker: Bar Benders (1), Formwork Carpenters (1)  Technical information: Create strong grid of rebar, two or more pieces of rebar cross are joined together. Secure riser form board with cleats attached about an inch above the stairs layout to the slide form.

Construction Activity 2: Staircase (Ground floor)  Duration: 4 Days  Materials: Concrete, Long screws, Nails  Equipment: Portable Cement Mixer, Concrete Vibrator, Spade, Screed Board  Skilled worker: Carpenters (2)  Technical information: Concrete ceiling and stairs pour. Keep the concrete wet or damp to prevent cracks for up to one week while it cures.

Week 22 Construction Activity 1: Construction of columns (First floor)  Duration: 6 Days  Materials: Concrete Grade 30, reinforcement, timber formwork  Equipment: Concrete vibrator (1), bar bending machine (1), table saw  Skilled worker: Carpenter (2), bar bender (1), general worker (1)  Technical information: Place reinforcement bar and secured to the column formwork and the floor, slump test and poured concrete.

Week 23 Construction Activity 1: Construction of beam (Second floor)  Duration: 6 Days  Materials: Concrete Grade 30, reinforcement, timber formwork  Equipment: Concrete vibrator (1), bar bending machine (1), table saw, machine mix concrete (1)  Skilled worker: Carpenter (2), bar bender (1), general worker (1)  Technical information: Determine material, marking form panels, erecting the formwork, provision a camber, brace the wood with stringer and support by struts and cleat, slump test, and pour cement concrete.

Week 24 Construction Activity 1: Slab (Second Floor)  Duration: 6 Days  Materials: Plywood formwork, reinforced steel, service pipes, concrete Grade 20  Equipment: Dip-galvanised nails, hammer, measuring tape, table saw, mixer truck, concrete vibrator, tipper, wheelbarrow.  Skilled worker: General worker (2), carpenter (1), bar bender (2)  Technical information: build formwork with plywood, fix reinforced steel, construction slab formwork, slump test and pour concrete.  Thickness range of plywood: 7mm - 32mm

Week 25 Construction Activity 1: Staircase (First floor)  Duration: 3 Days  Materials: Ply Woods, Timber Battens  Equipment: Measuring Tape, Chalk Line, Drill, Hammer, Hand Saw  Skilled worker: Carpenter (1), Joinery (1)  Technical information: Make a pitch board with the angle of 30°. Hold pitch board on the side to represent the top of the stair slab and mark the riser and tread Construction Activity 2: Staircase (First floor)  Duration: 3 Days  Materials: Timber, Metal or Prefabricated Formwork  Equipment: Drill, Hammer, Hand Saw  Skilled worker: Bar Benders (1), Formwork Carpenters (1)  Technical information: Construct formwork by laying out riser heights and tread widths followed by soffit, joist and stringer lines. Then lay out thickness of risers from boards. Cut and nailed cleats to plank, nail riser form boards to the ends of cleats.

Week 26 Construction Activity 1: Staircase (First floor)  Duration: 2 Days  Materials: Hook, NLT 25’, VERT RR pins, rebar wire, cast aluminium, Cast in place sleeve  Equipment: Measuring Tape, chalk line, drill, hammer, hand saw  Skilled worker: Bar Benders (1), Formwork Carpenters (1)  Technical information: Create strong grid of rebar, two or more pieces of rebar cross are joined together. Secure riser form board with cleats attached about an inch above the stairs layout to the slide form.

Construction Activity 2: Staircase (First floor)  Duration: 4 Days  Materials: Concrete, Long screws, Nails  Equipment: Portable Cement Mixer, Concrete Vibrator, Spade, Screed Board  Skilled worker: Carpenters (2)  Technical information: Concrete ceiling and stairs pour. Keep the concrete wet or damp to prevent cracks for up to one week while it cures.

Week 27 Construction Activity 1: Construction of columns (Second floor)  Duration: 6 Days  Materials: Concrete Grade 30, reinforcement, timber formwork  Equipment: Concrete vibrator (1), bar bending machine (1), table saw  Skilled worker: Carpenter (2), bar bender (1), general worker (1)  Technical information: Place reinforcement bar and secured to the column formwork and the floor, slump test and poured concrete.

Week 28 Construction Activity 1: Construction of beam (Third floor)  Duration: 6 Days  Materials: Concrete Grade 30, reinforcement, timber formwork  Equipment: Concrete vibrator (1) , bar bending machine (1), table saw, machine mix concrete (1)  Skilled worker: Carpenter (2) , bar bender (1), general worker (1)  Technical information: Determine material, marking form panels, erecting the formwork, provision a camber, brace the wood with stringer and support by struts and cleat, slump test, and pour cement concrete.

Week 29 Construction Activity 1: Brickwork (Ground floor)  Duration: 5 days  Materials: Red Burnt Clay Bricks, Cement mixer, reinforce mesh  Equipment: Rose Brick Trowels, carpenter level, brick jointer  Skilled worker: Brick Layers (3), Pointing, cleaning, and caulking workers (1).  Technical information: Brickwork process including bricks, beds and perpends. The bed is made up with mortar with brick is laid. Perpends is a vertical joint between two bricks filled with mortar.

Construction Activity 2: Installation of door frame (Ground floor)  Duration: 2 days  Materials: Screws, ‘L’ bracket, jambs, striker plate, PVC stopper, head, adaptor bar, brick ties, hinges, spreader bars.  Equipment: Safety glasses, utility knife, hammer, caulk gun, level, scaffolding, square ruler, measuring tape, stapler, and screwdriver  Skilled worker: general worker (1), door and window installer (1)  Technical information: Mark door and bricks area, use timber to prop up door to standing position, use spirit to plumb the frame, secure timber stays with bricks, lay the bricks, place mortar into gap of the brick and frame, insert wire brick ties.

Week 30 Construction Activity 1: Brickwork (First floor)  Duration: 5 days  Materials: Red Burnt Clay Bricks, Cement mixer, reinforce mesh  Equipment: Rose Brick Trowels, carpenter level, brick jointer  Skilled worker: Brick Layers (3), Pointing, cleaning, and caulking workers (1).  Technical information: Brickwork process including bricks, beds and perpends. The bed is made up with mortar with brick is laid. Perpends is a vertical joint between two bricks filled with mortar.

Construction Activity 2: Brickwork – Rendering (Ground floor)  Duration: 3 Days  Materials: Red Burnt Clay Bricks, Mixed Portland Composite Cement, Mixed Blended White Cement Equipment: Masonry Brushes, Sled Runners,  Skilled worker: Pointing, cleaning, and caulking workers (1) and plasterer (1).  Technical information:  Cement render on the surface of brick wall after cleaning with masonry brush. Then, scratch first coat of render before it set to provide key for second layer. Skim coat mixed blended white cement on it.

Week 31 Construction Activity 1: Brickwork (Second floor)  Duration: 5 days  Materials: Red Burnt Clay Bricks, Cement mixer, reinforce mesh  Equipment: Rose Brick Trowels, carpenter level, brick jointer  Skilled worker: Brick Layers (3), Pointing, cleaning, and caulking workers (1).  Technical information: Brickwork process including bricks, beds and perpends. The bed is made up with mortar with brick is laid. Perpends is a vertical joint between two bricks filled with mortar.

Construction Activity 2: Brickwork – Rendering (First floor)  Duration: 3 Days  Materials: Red Burnt Clay Bricks, Mixed Portland Composite Cement, Mixed Blended White Cement Equipment: Masonry Brushes, Sled Runners,  Skilled worker: Pointing, cleaning, and caulking workers (1) and plasterer (1).  Technical information:  Cement render on the surface of brick wall after cleaning with masonry brush. Then, scratch first coat of render before it set to provide key for second layer. Skim coat mixed blended white cement on it.

Week 32 Construction Activity 2: Brickwork – Rendering (Second floor)  Duration: 3 Days  Materials: Red Burnt Clay Bricks, Mixed Portland Composite Cement, Mixed Blended White Cement Equipment: Masonry Brushes, Sled Runners,  Skilled worker: Pointing, cleaning, and caulking workers (1) and plasterer (1).  Technical information:  Cement render on the surface of brick wall after cleaning with masonry brush. Then, scratch first coat of render before it set to provide key for second layer. Skim coat mixed blended white cement on it.

Construction Activity 2: Installation of door frame (First and Second floors)  Duration: 2 days  Materials: Screws, ‘L’ bracket, jambs, striker plate, PVC stopper, head, adaptor bar, brick ties, hinges, spreader bars.  Equipment: Safety glasses, utility knife, hammer, caulk gun, level, scaffolding, square ruler, measuring tape, stapler, and screwdriver  Skilled worker: general worker (1), door and window installer (1)  Technical information: Mark door and bricks area, use timber to prop up door to standing position, use spirit to plumb the frame, secure timber stays with bricks, lay the bricks, place mortar into gap of the brick and frame, insert wire brick ties.

Week 33

Construction Activity 1: Roof  Duration: 6 Days  Materials: Meranti timber formwork, metal trusses  Equipment: Crane (1), lorry (1), handsaw, driller, dip-galvanised nails, hammer, measuring tape  Skilled worker: Roofer (1), general worker (1), crane operator (1), lorry driver (1)  Technical information: Check trusses, interior/exterior alignment, prepare clear access to worksite, prepare storage for trusses.

Week 34 Construction Activity 1: Roof  Duration: 6 Days  Materials: Meranti timber formwork  Equipment: Crane (1), handsaw, driller, dip-galvanised nails, double-headed nails, measuring tape  Skilled worker: Roofer (1), general worker (1), carpenter (1), crane operator (1), scaffolder (1)  Technical information: Attach bearers to bearer block and wall scab, timber scaffolding.

Construction Activity 2: Roof  Duration: 6 Days  Materials: Meranti timber formwork  Equipment: Crane (1), handsaw, driller, dip-galvanised nails, double-headed nails, measuring tape  Skilled worker: Roofer (1), general worker (1), carpenter (1), crane operator (1), scaffolder (1)  Technical information: Progressively install temporary bracing as scaffolding is erected.

Week 35 Construction Activity 1: Roof  Duration: 6 Days  Materials: Metal trusses  Equipment: Driller, screw driver, spiral screw, measuring tape  Skilled worker: General worker (1), truss erector (1)  Technical information: Fix truss.

Construction Activity 2: Roof  Duration: 6 Days  Materials: Meranti timber formwork  Equipment: Crane (1), handsaw, driller, dip-galvanised nails, double-headed nails, measuring tape  Skilled worker: Roofer (1), general worker (1), carpenter (1), crane operator (1), scaffold (1)  Technical information: Progressively install temporary brace as scaffolding is erected.

Construction Activity 3: Roof  Duration: 6 Days  Materials: Metal trusses  Equipment: Crane (1), Driller, screw driver, spiral screw, measuring tape  Skilled worker: Roofer (1), general worker (1), truss erector (1), crane operator (1)  Technical information: Install permanent lateral bracing to truss.

Week 36

Construction Activity 1: Roof  Duration: 6 Days  Materials: Metal trusses  Equipment: Crane (1), Driller, screw driver, spiral screw, measuring tape  Skilled worker: Roofer (1), general worker (1), truss erector (1), crane operator (1)  Technical information: Install permanent lateral bracing to truss.

Construction Activity 2: Roof  Duration: 6 Days  Materials: Metal anchor sling, roof anchor bracket  Equipment: Driller, screw driver, spiral screw, measuring tape, metal bender  Skilled worker: Roofer (1), general worker (1), bar bender (1)  Technical information: Install anchor slings.

Week 37 Construction Activity 1: Roof  Duration: 3 Days  Materials: Chicken netting  Equipment: Measuring tape, metal bender, dip-galvanised nails, hammer, metal cutter  Skilled worker: Roofer (1), general worker (1)  Technical information: Install chicken netting.

Construction Activity 2: Roof  Materials: Aluminium sheet  Equipment: Measuring tape, metal bender, dip-galvanised nails, hammer, metal cutter  Skilled worker: Roofer (1), general worker (1)  Technical information: Install aluminium sheathing.

Week 38 Construction Activity 1: Roof  Duration: 6 Days  Materials: Metal batten strips (aluminium)  Equipment: Measuring tape, metal bender, dip-galvanised nails, hammer, metal cutter  Skilled worker: Roofer (1), general worker (1)  Technical information: Install batten.

Week 39 Construction Activity 1: Roof  Duration: 6 Days  Materials: Cement tiles  Equipment: Measuring tape, dip-galvanised nails, hammer  Skilled worker: Roofer (1), general worker (1), roof tiler (1)  Technical information: Place cement tiles and nail every third row

Week 40 Construction Activity 1: Roof  Duration: 6 Days  Materials: Ridge metal (aluminium), ridge bracket, ridge vent  Equipment: Driller, screw driver, spiral screw, measuring tape, metal bender  Skilled worker: Roofer (1), general worker (1), bar bender (1)  Technical information: Install ridge block.

Construction Activity 2: Roof  Duration: 6 Days  Materials: Fascia board ribbon, fascia board bracket  Equipment: Driller, screw driver, spiral screw, measuring tape, metal bender  Skilled worker: Roofer (1), general worker (1), bar bender (1)  Technical information: Install fascia board.

Week 41

Construction Activity 1: Wall Finishes – primer (Ground floor and First floors)  Duration: 3 Days  Materials: Primer  Equipment: Paint Brushes, Ladders, Scaffolds, Tape and Masking, Patching and Repair, Caulks, Sealants and Caulking Tools Skilled worker: Pointing, cleaning, and caulking workers and plasterer (1), painters (1)  Technical information: Before applying primer, the wall need to be patched if there is any holes or scuffs on the wall. A primer is a lighter coat of paint that absorbs colours well.

Construction Activity 2: Wall Finishes – 1st layer painting (Ground floor and first floors)  Duration: 3 Day  Materials: paint  Equipment: Paint Brushes, Ladders, Scaffolds, Tape and Masking Skilled worker: Painter (2)  Technical information: Wall painting with colour chosen.

Week 42 Construction Activity 1: Installation of door (Ground floor)  Duration: 3 days  Materials: Required door, door lock, doorknob and screws  Equipment: Screw driver, measuring tape  Skilled worker: general worker (1), window and door installer (2)  Technical information: Install required door types and measurement with door lock and doorknob Construction Activity 2: Wall Finishes – primer (Second floor)  Duration: 3 Days  Materials: Primer  Equipment: Paint Brushes, Ladders, Scaffolds, Tape and Masking, Patching and Repair, Caulks, Sealants and Caulking Tools Skilled worker: Pointing, cleaning, and caulking workers and plasterer (1), painters (1)  Technical information: Before applying primer, the wall need to be patched if there is any holes or scuffs on the wall. A primer is a lighter coat of paint that absorbs colours well.

Construction Activity 3: Wall Finishes – 1st layer painting (Second floor)  Duration: 3 Day  Materials: paint  Equipment: Paint Brushes, Ladders, Scaffolds, Tape and Masking Skilled worker: Painter (2)  Technical information: Wall painting with colour chosen.

Week 43 Construction Activity 1: Installation of door (First and Second floors)  Duration: 3 days  Materials: Required door, door lock, doorknob and screws  Equipment: Screw driver, measuring tape  Skilled worker: general worker (1), window and door installer (2)  Technical information: Install required door types and measurement with door lock and doorknob

Construction Activity 2: Installation of door trim (All floors)  Duration: 3 days  Materials: nails, door trim panels  Equipment: Finish hammer, hand plane, measuring tape, carpenter’s glue, sandpaper, jigsaw, combination square, compass, pencil, utility knife, putty knife, miter saw, drill with bit  Skilled worker: general worker (1), carpenter (2)  Technical information: Mark the reveals, cut all miters, cut and test-fit side casings, make adjustments, secure casing, and cross-nail miters.

Week 44 Construction Activity 1: Installation of windows (All floors)  Duration: 3 days  Materials: Required windows, backer rod, insulation, shims, roofing nails, screws, silicone sealant, flashing, fastener, corner guard  Equipment: Safety glasses, utility knife, hammer, caulk gun, level, scaffolding, square ruler, measuring tape, stapler, and screwdriver  Skilled worker: general worker (1), door and window installer (2)  Technical information: Verify window opening, apply weather resistant barrier, create flashing, prepare window for installation, set the unit and secure, apply flashing at jambs and head, seal and insulate interior cavity, insert backer rod.

Week 45 Construction Activity 1: Installation of plumbing     

Duration: 4 days Materials: cast iron pipe, galvanized iron pipe, and galvanized steel pipe, vitrified clay pipe, PVC pipe, copper tubing, fittings, hangers, insulating materials, oakum Equipment: pressure test pump, clamp tool, measuring tape, electric pipe threaded, steel pipe wrench, flaring pliers, pipe vice, pipe bending machine, pipe cutter Skilled worker: Plumber (1), General worker (1) Technical information: The major categories of plumbing systems or subsystems are potable cold and hot tap water supply, plumbing drainage venting, septic systems, rainwater, surface, and subsurface water drainage, fuel gas piping.

Construction Activity 2: Installation of main electrical panel     

Duration: 1 day Materials: Sheet steel/cold role steel, breakers, plastic Equipment: Driller, locknut, screw Skilled worker: Electrical Contractor (1), Electrician (1) Technical information: The panel distributes the electricity to all the electrical circuits that are installed in the house to protect the wiring from damage by “tripping” when an electrical short or overcurrent occurs.

Week 46 Construction Activity 1: Installation of railings  Duration: 3 days  Materials: Ordered glass railing, stainless steel screws  Equipment: level, scaffolding, measuring tape, sealant, gloves and screwdriver  Skilled worker: general worker (1), railing installer (1)  Technical information: Insert measured bottom rail and top plate and insert glass panel, fix them with sealant or screws.

Week 47 Construction Activity 1: Installation of ceiling  Duration: 3 days  Materials: Steel brandering, insulation, jointing strip, drywall screw, plasterboards, Lafarge access panel  Equipment: ladder, gloves and screwdriver  Skilled worker: ceiling installer (1), general worker (1)  Technical information: Determine amount of steel brandering needed, planning the direction of plasterboard, calculate number of plasterboard needed, install it on one by one.

Construction Activity 2: Installation of tiles  Duration: 6 days  Materials: Cement board, tiles, thinset mortar, grout  Equipment: Floor cleaner, measuring tape, square, trowel, level and brush  Skilled worker: Tiler (1), general worker (1)  Technical information: Calculate surface area, decide types and size of tiles to use, apply mortar, install tiles, grout the joints and clean.

Week 48 Construction Activity 2: Wall Finishes (Whole house 2nd layer painting)  Duration: 6 Days  Materials: Selected paints  Equipment: Paint Brushes, Ladders, Scaffolds, Tape and Masking Skilled worker: painters (2)  Technical information: Wall painting with colour chosen.

Week 49 Construction Activity 1: Bathroom Equipment Installation  Duration: 3 days  Materials: Sockets, Heaters, Showers, Shower pumps, Water closet, Sink, PVC pipes  Equipment: clamp tool, measuring tape, steel pipe wrench, flaring pliers, pipe vice, pipe bending machine, pipe cutter  Skilled worker: Plumber (1), General worker (1)  Technical information: Materials are installed at first fix stage as they need to be fitted prior to the commencement of tiling. This is essential to get professional watertight seals, as water ingress resulting from doing things in the wrong order can cause massive problems later on.

Construction Activity 2: Installation of receptacle     

Duration: 1 day Materials: Nickel/silver, beryllium copper, plastic Equipment: Screw, screwdriver Skilled worker: Electrician (2) Technical information: Electrician installs receptacles for outlets, lights and switches and runs wires from the breaker panel to each receptacle. Wiring for telephones, TV cable and network cable is included in this work.

Week 50 Construction Activity 1: Landscaping  Duration: 4 days  Materials: Grass, soil, stone, trees, plants  Equipment: wheelbarrow, shovel, hoe, shears  Skilled worker: General worker (1), landscape designer (1)  Technical information: Design of landscaping make the whole house look more attractive and lively. (Porches, sidewalks, decks, driveways, final grade and seed)

Week 51 Construction Activity 1: Final touch up Duration: 2 days  Technical information: punch out walk-thru list, trim and adjust doors, paint touch-up

Week 52 Construction Activity 1: Cleaning Duration: 3 days  Equipment: Cleaning tools  Skilled worker: General worker (5)  Technical information: Windows, floors final clean.