Hotel Engineer Volume 23 No. 2 by Adbourne Publishing

PP 319986/101

HOTEL ENGINEER

Volume 23, Number 2

Official Publication of the Australian Institute of Hotel Engineering

CONTENTS 15 47 76

Cover image shows The Holiday Inn Melbourne on Flinders.

PP 319986/101

HOTEL ENGINEER

Features 5

Publishers letter

47 The ravage and annihilation of rust, bugs and other nasties in HVAC cooling tower systems

AIHE State news

54 The bottom line

Champion leaves his mark

63 Asbestos management made easy for hotel engineers

18 Intelligent solution: A Melbourne hotelâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s clever energy change

66 Creating history: A night at the museum

23 How artificial intelligence is revolutionising hospitality

70 Recent changes to EP&A Regs in NSW and how it affects your AFSS

26 Top hotel technology trends in 2018

73 Dealing with the cost challenges of electrical energy

Volume 23, Number 2

Official Publication of the Australian Institute of Hotel Engineering

Linen service systems

15 Can engineers deliver all that is required?

Future of Point of Sale (POS)

31 Making green venues a tourism drawcard

Back of House July 2018

Membership form

Hotel plastics â&#x20AC;&#x201C; What's next?

Product news

BOOT scheme delivers

ADVERTORIAL

THE HOTEL ENGINEER The Official Publication of the Australian Institute of Hotel Engineering

AIHE STATE PRESIDENTS Anura Yapa, NSW E: Anura.Yapa@shangri-la.com David Zammit, VIC E: david.zammit@hyatt.com Tony Fioraso, WA E: Tony.Fioraso@crownperth.com.au QLD Iterim President E: Anura.Yapa@shangri-la.com

PUBLISHERS letter

ello and welcome to this edition of the Hotel Engineer.

Energy saving is one of the perpetual challenges facing the industry. One hotel made it a top priority during its recent refurbishment by installing a custom-made energy management system, which controls equipment throughout the hotel. In this issue, we speak to Ecosystem and the engineers at the Holiday Inn Melbourne on Flinders to find out how this product has been developed and implemented. Craig Underwood asks 'Can engineers deliver?' This article takes a look at the changing face of building service engineers. Chemical Engineer Steve Powell provides an excellent article, looking at the technical aspects of cooling tower corrosion. Our story on upgrading the plant room at the Four Seasons Hotel Sydney reveals a clever approach by ENGIE Services towards the project. With the hotel needing an investment of two million dollars to get the upgrade underway, ENGIE Services used a scheme whereby it would build, own and operate the facility for 12 years, before transferring the assets to the hotel at no cost.

ADBOURNE PUBLISHING 18/69 Acacia Road Ferntree Gully, VIC 3156 PO Box 735, Belgrave, VIC 3160 www.adbourne.com ADVERTISING Melbourne: Neil Muir T: (03) 9758 1433 F: (03) 9758 1432 E: neil@adbourne.com Adelaide: Robert Spowart T: 0488 390 039 E: robert@adbourne.com

This issue also includes a piece from the Property Council, and another on Sydney’s Sustainable Destination project, which many major NSW hotels are supporting. Trevor Burrows of AESC investigates the current fire legislation changes, and how it could affect your hotel. Brendon Granger and Ted Horner reveal the latest trends in technology. In this issue, we also pay tribute to Frank Beeson. A humble giant of the hotel landscape, Beeson was one of the founders of the Australian Institute of Hotel Engineering. Sadly, he recently passed away in July. We talk to one of Frank’s closest friends and reflect on his contributions to the industry. I hope you enjoy the magazine. Regards Neil Muir

PRODUCTION Emily Wallis T: (03) 9758 1436 E: production@adbourne.com ADMINISTRATION Tarnia Hiosan T: (03) 9758 1436 E: admin@adbourne.com SUBSCRIPTIONS Enquiries: (03) 9758 1436 Fax: (03) 9758 1432 Email: admin@adbourne.com

Adbourne Publishing cannot ensure that the advertisers appearing in The Hotel Engineer comply absolutely with the Trades Practices Act and other consumer legislation.The responsibility is therefore on the person, company or advertising agency submitting the advertisement(s) for publication. Adbourne Publishing reserves the right to refuse any advertisement without stating the reason. No responsibility is accepted for incorrect information contained in advertisements or editorial. The editor reserves the right to edit, abridge or otherwise alter articles for publication. All original material produced in this magazine remains the property of the publisher and cannot be reproduced without authority.The views of the contributors and all submitted editorial are the author’s views and are not necessarily those of the publisher.

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WESTERN AUSTRALIA

ello everyone and greetings from Western Australia.

In April our annual golf day was held at The Vines Golf and Country Club, with over 80 players it was the largest number of participants ever to have played in this event.

Many thanks go to our sponsors: • SUEZ • Alinta • Synergy • Dorma • Duratec • Perrott Painting-Valspar • Jaymak • Higgins Coatings • Precision Carpets

• Swan Group • OTIS • Airlite Group • KONE • ThyssenKrupp Elevator Australia • HFM-Hole in one which was used as a donation to the Rotary Club.

In May we held our meeting at the Hyatt Hotel with over 35 attendees. ThyssenKrupp and Dual Engraving hosted the evening. The presentation included: • Martin Doyle (Western Region Director) from ThyssenKrupp Elevators conducted a presentation on the recently completed lift Modernisation at Hyatt and highlighted the benefits of the modernisation of existing elevators over MRL replacement. • Visit the Hyatt’s newly finished lift car interiors with WA’s 1st and only “touch screen” car operating panels and latest high quality finishes.

• Mark Sabadin (Pixel General Manager) conducted a presentation on the OPAL car operating panel touch screen product.

President – Tony Fioraso

• Dual Engraving showed us the OPAL PLUS/TOUCH demonstration model, which also had the LX1 communication system with the Face-to-Face feature enabling visual and audible communication between lift car passengers and remote support centres / security offices

Treasurer – Berndt Schwinghammer

• Comprehensive information was provided on the NBN Migration – Fire Alarm and Lift Phone Migration Roundtable and Working Group. There was also a presentation of GSM gateway solutions for the various types of lift installations emergency communications systems. https://www.communications.gov.au/documents/migrationmonitored-fire-alarm-and-lift-phone-services-good-practice-guide In June we held our Annual General Meeting at the Four Points by Sheraton Perth.

Secretary – Lee Binsted Social Coordinator – Doug Stemp & Barry Haydinger Meeting Coordinator – John Rodden Many thanks went out to the outgoing treasurer Mark McCartney for his service and dedication to the institute. For those of you that are not a member in Western Australia, we have some really interesting site visits and monthly presentations already booked –so please contact myself should you like any further information regarding memberships. Regards Tony Fioraso President AIHE Western Australia

Over 30 members attended and the new committee was voted in as follows:

VICTORIA

he year is certainly well underway, we are already mid-way through as we brave another cold Melbourne winter. Needless to say, our committee has been very passionate about presenting exciting meetings which we have done so over the past few months.

able to secure a behind the scenes tour of the Lyndsay Fox car Museum Lyndsay Fox passion for automobiles reveals this amazing 25 million dollar private car collection that is housed in his museum, which once was the Old Queens Warehouse, located in our Dockland precinct. That evening, we were privileged to a behind the scenes Workshop Presentation and Private tour, hosted by Brian Tanti, museum curator and chief restorer.

March had us meet at Hotel Sofitel, whom have always been very supportive in providing us a great venue for our meetings. Brendin Trudgett, Chief Engineer, hosted us on this occasion, where Adrian & Nick Ryan, representing HVAC-R Actrol & Metalflex also presented to us on the evening. As HVAC makes up a great component of our major plant and also contributes greatly to our energy and R&M expenses, it was insightful to learn about the varied offerings of the group, along with the added education and service that Actrol & Metalflex can provide us as hotel engineers. Thank you all for making this a great meeting.

This was an amazing opportunity to get a glimpse of the technologies used in vehicle restoration. Brian stepped us through a presentation of works undertaken to restore museum vehicles to their world class standards, and shared in his experience in developing workplace skills in crafting vehicle body components out of bare metal and aluminium sheets.

We skipped our April meeting and went straight into early May, hosting our special event meeting for the year. Led by our Committee member Gabrielle Chamberlain of Reece, she was

As a Coach Builder, Brian has built a reputation for excellence; many of his restorations have won concourse competitions, both nationally and internationally. Brian has been described by Lord Elgin, World President of the 20-Ghost Club, the oldest

Brian was brilliant in explaining his intricate knowledge of restoration, along with several fascinating stories about some of the collection including their origin, previous owners and the rarity behind many of these classic cars and how they found their way into the museum.

Rolls Royce Club in the World, as â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;without peer and certainly the bestâ&#x20AC;?. As you can imagine, we were very fortunate to have this rare opportunity with Brian and again are very grateful to Gabrielle for arranging this meeting for us. In June, we were also fortunate to host another offsite event at the high tech state of the art showroom created by Reece Bathroom Life. This newly opened prestigious showroom brings the best products from Europe and around the world to Melbourne. Ten years ago, Reece had a vision around the future of bathrooms and where they would position themselves in offering the best quality products to their discerning clients A new philosophy in the presentation of bathrooms was needed to create and sell the dreams in the minds of clients, with the aim of replicating such bathrooms in their family homes, similar to what they would experience in a 5 star hotel. Thank you to Nick Lambie, Gabrielle Chamberlain and the team at Reece for hosting this wonderful meeting. A thank you to all of our members for their continued support along with the introduction of new members coming along to our meetings, thus keeping our chapter alive. If you wish to become a member or require further information about our meetings, feel free to contact me via email, david.zammit@ hyatt.com or use the membership form published in this magazine. Regards David Zammit President AIHE Victoria Chapter

NEW SOUTH WALES

arm Greeting from NSW Chapter.

Winter has approached here in Sydney, hope all members are coping well with this chilly weather conditions. NSW chapter has always appreciated the support of all members, hotel General Managers in the recent past. I am delighted, as number of members has been increased and as a result of more Engineers attending monthly meeting. I would like to take the opportunity to welcome all the new engineers and corporate members of NSW Chapter and thank those who have contributed to the institute in many different ways. We had our first meeting for the second quarter of the year on the 2nd of May, 2018. It was at the Harvey Norman Warehouse, Sydney and the topic of the presentation was “Technology and Various Services for Hotels.” Special thanks to Mr. Finlay Jude for providing the venue and the presentation was very informative as well.

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Moving forward, Australia’s only international Air conditioning, Refrigeration and Building Services trade exhibition, ARBS 2018 was held for the first time in Sydney since 2010 at the new International Convention Centre (ICC) from 8-10 May 2018. The presentations ranged from preventative HVAC maintenance to energy efficiency, kitchen grease filters through to chillers and refrigerant phasedown which are vital topics for Hotel Engineering. I witnessed most of our members either as visitors or as representatives of exhibitors at the exhibition. The exhibition was very enlightening and no doubt we all got innovative ideas on various areas of building services. Our next meeting was held at Sofitel Darling Harbour on the 27th of June. The venue was amazingly beautiful and the support and hospitality we received from the hotel was a great example to the industry. On that meeting Ms. Kate Read, Sustainability Engagement Coordinator from City of Sydney did the presentation on “City of Sydney Environmental Grants Program Round Two” which was insightful and educative. The meeting was absolutely fantastic with great number of attendees. I would like to congratulate the following Hotel Engineers who are nominated as finalists for ‘Engineer of the Year Award’ in upcoming TAA Awards for 2018. Andrea Gamberoni - Four Seasons Hotel Sydney, Anton Van Den Brink - Sofitel Sydney Darling Harbour, Craig Cavers - Hilton Sydney, Shanker Gurung - Stamford Plaza Sydney. Furthermore, for the first time an engineering colleague has been nominated as a finalist of the ‘Hotel Industry Rising Star category’ of TAA awards. I congratulate Aditi Sood of Shangri-la Hotel Sydney for her recognition in the industry. I am proud to say that majority of the above finalists are active members of the Australian Institute of Hotel Engineering NSW chapter. I wish them all well and best of luck. In drawing things to a close, I would like to convey my gratitude to all committee members, all Engineers and our Corporate Members for their continuous support for a bright future of the Hotel Engineering Industry. Best regards, Anura Yapa JP President – AIHE NSW chapter

Anton Van den Brink – During discussion of Sofitel Engineering Challenges Presentation – Kate Read of City of Sydney

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CHAMPION leaves his mark

After arriving in Sydney as a Ten Pound Pom, Frank Beeson became a quintessential Aussie success story. He worked his way through a range of industries, before becoming a highly regarded engineer. He also helped to establish a lasting legacy – the Australian Institute of Hotel Engineering.

ennis Fountain was one of Beeson’s closest friends. He remembers striking up the mateship over a mutual love of sailing while both men were working at Jupiters Casino on the Gold Coast. “We started off sailing together, and teamed up for the second ever Sydney Gold Coast Yacht Race, which still runs today.” They had been mates for 32 years. Dennis says Frank was a gentle, popular and caring person, with a good sense of humour. The pair earned ‘Pontoon Membership’ at their yacht club after 21 years of membership, which saw them regularly catch up for a meal and a beer as the years went on. In 1988, Frank and Dennis were on the Steering Committee tasked with establishing the AIHE. Frank was member number thirteen at the AIHE, Dennis was number eight. Dennis was a past President of the AIHE, but he always found Frank reluctant to take the top job, despite his outstanding credentials.

“He was someone who was happy to work hard in the background,” Dennis says. “He had a lifelong involvement with the Institute. He was always on the committee.” In a previous interview for this magazine, Beeson described setting up the Institute in the late eighties: “In those days, amongst the ever-increasing growth of hotels and their departments, there was a lack of networking and communication between the new hotels and the demands on their departments. I can remember sitting in the beer garden with that group of engineers mapping out what we would need to do to create an institute for the benefit of those who made hotels safe, cost-effective, well-maintained and a place where the GM was proud of.”

EARLY LIFE Frank was born in Walthamstow in London. He left England in 1957 as a Ten Pound Pom. His family set up at Cronulla, where he attended Jannali Boys High School and achieved his Intermediate certificate. His passions in those days were art and music.

“This didn’t sit well with my father,” Frank said. “He put me into a factory and I was signed up as an apprentice Fitter & Turner/ Toolmaker. I had no choice, but luckily it turned out that was a hidden talent I didn’t know was there.” But meeting his future wife-to-be put an end to Frank’s time in the factory. Her father ran a successful plumbing business. But after he became unwell, he asked Frank to lend a hand. “After much coaching, I reluctantly did,” Frank said. “Sadly, he passed away. And with my wife being an only child - you guessed it - I was to become a plumber. I went back to college and got my Plumber, Drainers, Gasfitters and LPG Licenses. I went on to get my Electricians License and did a short course in Refrigeration and Air Conditioning. This was over some years.”

up and down, and just about anything else he needs to know. This makes it hard for the AIHE to get engineers and members interested in talking to their counterparts.”

LEGACY Frank passed away on Sunday, the eighth of July 2018, after a lengthy battle with prostate cancer. Only a week earlier, he had celebrated his fiftieth wedding anniversary. His funeral was held at the Southport Yacht Club. He is survived by his wife, a daughter, two sons, and two grandchildren.

Frank and his family moved to the Gold Coast and bought a plumbing supply and hardware company. Eventually, he took his first position in the hotel industry by working as an engineer at Jupiters Casino.

WORKING LIFE After two years working at Jupiters Casino, Frank moved to the Sheraton Group. He started work at the Sheraton Mirage in the engineering department. He was promoted to Assistant Chief Engineer and sent to open the Sheraton Noosa. His next step saw him work throughout Asia. “While at Sheraton we attended many training courses,” Frank said. “One being a Diploma in Business Management, which moving around was hard to complete, so from here I was seconded on to Indonesia, the Sheraton Lagoona Resort at Nusa Dua, with some stints in Lombok and then back to Bali.” Frank transferred from Bali to what was then the Sydney Sheraton Airport Hotel as Chief Engineer. He moved back to the Gold Coast to work a short stint at Couran Cove Island Resort on Stradbroke Island, before getting a job at Sports Super Centre as Chief Engineer.

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RETIREMENT Frank retired in 2015. At the time he said leaving the industry was bittersweet. He held concerns for the future of hotel engineering. “Sadly, or luckily, we are moving into a new area of innovation and a hazy future. I doubt the original engineers would envisage where we would be today, as before, the hotel engineer was the professional within his skilled trade and in most cases a marine engineer, as ships engineering and hotels are very similar in lots of ways and areas. Now, we have to deal with many new dilemmas in keeping costs down, when equipment is ageing and failing and needs replacing, staff numbers are being cut in most departments to keep salaries low & multi-skilling staff.” “Today, the hotel maintenance man can look to the internet to find out how the air conditioner works, what makes the lifts go

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CAN ENGINEERS DELIVER all that is required?

CRAIG UNDERWOOD I BENG (HONS), BUILDING SERVICES ENGINEERING NATIONAL EXECUTIVE: BUILDING CONSULTANCY AND ENGINEERING | MBM

Nothing is more certain than time, change and innovation.

ecently, I attended a seminar on how the 4th industrial revolution will change our futures. You’ll be no doubt happy to know that only 18% of an Engineers role is going to be undertaken by Artificial Intelligence... My working life has crossed continents, passed through design, facility management, software and is currently in a Building Consultancy with more and more projects sitting in the asset management arena. There is one thing that traverses all disciplines and is consistently a question that I am asked... What’s the cost? Design processes, Revit, BIM and modelling revolution are well established. Collaboration through the design process that allows the design to move-on in real time, when efficiently managed, brings the results expected a relatively new role for our industry.

strong and often the lowest price wins the tender with varied results. I know of smaller team's struggling to bring the value on the ground for the fee anticipated. The amalgamation of businesses to gain larger and larger market share is something that will continue. The boutique provider must try and find a new way to deliver; the entrepreneurial spirit is the foundation of the Australian business.

Dollars are the driver and often the deliverer of good and bad news. All businesses are aspiring to innovative new approaches to deliver the service they can offer. Technology, it’s our backbone and may be our crux.

I still recall the ink drawings and the razor blade used to fix the mistakes.. How did the clients pay the fee?

We are continually bombarded, through social media platforms, by new options to use technology with most of us simply trying to merely keep up!

This revolution has been the catalyst for entire precincts to be established to provide computer-based design and drawing support in various locations around the world. Makes total sense when there is a market. This approach allows companies to provide a service while contending with the costs of doing business.

Most of the roles in this industry are challenged on a daily basis around keeping up. I wonder if an engineer’s background and training now needs to also transcend software development and code? How do we ensure that we are influencing the future expectations of our profession?

It feels like none of the businesses undertaking large-scale projects have a service that is hosted purely in one country or even continent. It’s seems very hard to value add through both the traditional and Design and Construct procurement routes when the cost are scrutinised by all involved. Competition for projects is very

So, in the future. What’s a given and what’s an extra? What’s provided and what’s added value? As I see it, the cost is always going to be the common denominator flowing through all that an engineer does and when. Is it realistic that a design engineer considers the cost of ownership when working as quickly as we do for the fee that we can charge?

Whole Of Life (WOL) costs are an area that I have become more aware of over my career, but feel that this is not necessarily as considered in too much detail. I believe that developing a future detailed model around the WOL costs has many facets, with input from maintenance cost, life cycle position, property and project complexity, property strategy, asset condition, energy use as well as return on investment, tax returns and funding mechanisms. An engineer cannot provide all of these inputs, and nor should they. 1.5% capex allowance per annum based on construction cost is a number that I have encountered when considering Life Cycle Cost (LCC) in Quantity Surveying. So, if a project costs $100m to Construct, every year $1.5m should be assigned to spend on that same property over its life. The complexity of the project and its operating parameters will affect this value but as a theoretical LCC approach. This is considered a reasonable starting position. I envisage that the future WOL costs relies on input from several industry professionals working together initially in a manual way. Expectations are moving so quick that I wonder how we will all align. Even the well-established businesses struggle with silos, Profit and Loss Key Performance Indicators, client conflicts and cross-pollination of ideas and solutions when busy delivering project outcomes. Technology will bring the solution but only with input from engineers and other specialists to ensure that the IT wiz-kids provide a solution that meets the need. In new developments, we can already mine data sets from the BiM model and map this information. The continuous use of this data is reliant on the level of sophistication adopted by the management team's involved with the property together with appetite of the owners to continually review and inform a live LCC and WOL approach. In time the technology will provide an answer. The questions that need to asked can only be set through an engineering based approach. In existing property, the WOL approach is still very relevant and needed. Not only an investment tool, itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a way of managing service delivery and dollars for forward thinking companies and government. There are tools available that can scan a space within a building and produce an image â&#x20AC;&#x201C; with some work this becomes a 3D model. There are systems available that can create life cycle costs and provide ''what if'' modelling to help shape budgets relying on data sets. Remembering that systems can only deliver outputs based on the quality of the data it holds, the systems rely on qualified skills to inform development paths and challenge the reports. Application Program Interfaces (APIs) between systems are said to exist but in reality are fairly limited. APIs will become much more prevalent allowing the various tools to talk to each

other supporting the needs of the clients. A growing number of systems are available to use in this field but these are reliant on the users training and skills. Building Services Engineers are instrumental in the future of our industry. We shape the built environment and will continue to do so. Our depth of knowledge and input into future software solutions needs to be considered to ensure that the tools that are developed provide the best results. Who knows where Artificial Intelligence will take us and how the engineering profession will progress. What is important is that we all, not just the 18% continue to adapt and embrace change for the better. Article courtesy of CIBSE, Engineering Buildings Volume 1 Issue 2 2018.

CRAIG UNDERWOOD BIO Following a holiday to Australia I decided that a change in location was needed and subsequently packed my bags and returned to Sydney. Within my career I have worked in design consultancy, property advisory and Facility Management into CRE. Utilising my BSE honours degree to help clients understand their property investment and portfolio is a passion of mine. My family and I are lucky to live in a Northern suburb of Sydney and enjoy all that this has to offer with outdoors focussed activities. The beach and the local mountain bike trials are a staple for us providing balance in our busy lives. Nothing better than a day out and an ice cream with my children.

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INTELLIGENT SOLUTION

A Melbourne hotel’s clever energy change

In Melbourne’s bustling city centre is a hotel with a new look, and a new approach to energy saving. The Holiday Inn Melbourne on Flinders has undergone a transformation, with all rooms, bathrooms and suites refurbished, and a further seven new rooms created. Furthermore, the Level 1 fitness centre, toilets, and four conference rooms have also undergone a complete refurbishment. With the Flinders Lane property now boasting 209 accommodation options, the hotel implemented a custom-made guest room wireless or wired energy management system to bring down running costs and enhance guest experience.

cosystem, by Smart Hotel Solutions, uses door sensors and motion detection to determine when guests are occupying their room. This data triggers instructions to the HVAC system, which, for example, can reduce heating and cooling when guests are away. The big point of difference with Ecosystem is its versatility.

rather than using separate systems to control each aspect of the hotel.”

“We have created a standard TCP/IP networked HVAC controller and BMS solution for the hotel,” Doran Danon of Smart Hotel Solutions says. “This can plug into any standard IP network. In the Holiday Inn, each room already had an Ethernet input.” HVAC Controllers are also available in Wi-Fi versions for guest rooms without any Ethernet wired connections.

“The problem with the key card slot is it isn’t an effective management system,” Mr Danon says. “People can leave a business card, or a copy of the card, in the slot, which can waste energy during the day if the room is empty. Plus, it isn’t elegant to ask a guest to put their keycard in a slot.

This meant all rooms connect back to the central server using existing infrastructure. The non-proprietary software and product also has a clear price difference. It integrates with the commonly used Niagara and Tridium BMS software, along with the MODBUS TCP/IP protocol. The online system is not only easier to maintain, but it also sells at a more competitive rate than proprietary solutions. Project Manager Bruce Van Duyn of Carter Group says the system offers a number of benefits. “It is an all-in-one system,” Mr Van Duyn says. “We can see and control different components from one central place

Many hotels will be familiar with keycard slots operating lights and HVAC. Mr Danon says this system may not deliver the best outcome for a hotel.

“Everything is automated in our system. When a guest enters the room, the lights and HVAC activate. We are getting the balance between guest satisfaction and energy saving.” There is also a setback mode to keep the room at a consistent temperature when vacant. For example, if a room is between 18 and 25 degrees Celsius, the system can turn off the HVAC, but then switch it back on automatically if the temperature goes outside that temperature bracket. The automated system can even control the window blinds. Ecosystem will open or shut the blinds depending on the location of the sun. This means the room’s heating and cooling does not need to work against natural heat from the sun. Plus, the hotel can open the blinds using the system when a guest checks in, producing an open lookout through

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the large expansive windows over Melbourne as soon as they enter the room.

CONSTRUCTION PROCESS Bruce Van Duyn says the refurbishment has taken around 18 months. Construction progressed one floor at a time. This allowed the hotel to continue operating efficiently during the build. Carter Group, along with New Zealand-based architects Wilson & Hill, introduced a number of changes to the hotel’s design. Bathtubs were removed, and replaced with a large single walk-in tiled shower. The automatic blinds replaced curtains, which increased floor space for guests and assisted in highlighting the rooms-defining large window. David Hill, director of architecture firm Wilson & Hill, says “Each room was completely gutted to create a blank canvas for the architect to design a room with the modern traveller in mind. The bathroom, luggage rack and wardrobe have been purposely designed outside the bedroom, which allows the guests to have more of a living room feeling while relaxing on new pillow top beds.” R. Weatherdon & Co. supplied over 600 products to the Holiday Inn Melbourne on Flinders, from hairdryers to fridges and irons. Southern Regional Manager Mark Whyte says “Space was tight when it came to the fridge, fortunately the smallest in the Weatherdon range, the Nero 46 litre, with its flat back and adjustable feet, was just the ticket. The brief

was that products had to be stylish, but importantly simple to use with no complicated buttons or dials.”

CAPITAL INVESTMENTS The hotel will add its final additions in the coming four months. Maintenance Manager Andrew Ryan says new HVAC solutions are being manufactured. “The capital works are being done by Air Control. Our current air cooled Multistack chiller, which is approximately 20 years old, is being replaced with an adiabatic air cooled Geoclima TMA 2A 550A which is currently being built.” “The two existing heating boilers are gas powered Raypack units with an age of 15 to 20 years. These will be replaced with two Moorea 400kW MR400 condensing boilers. “In the coming months, the BMS system currently being built by Ronin Control Systems is planned to incorporate the new plant equipment along with adding in other aspects to the hotel.” One of those future aspects is the control over extractor fans removing carbon dioxide from the underground car park. The system will use sensors to determine how busy the carpark

Ronin Controls are electrical, electronic and sustainability engineers. We design and deploy integrated Energy Management and Control Systems. EasyIO (https://www.easyio.eu) Low costs, high energy savings, fewer devices and software, multiple protocols, simple integration and wireless. Niagara (https://www.tridium.com) Tridium is a world leader in business application frameworks advancing truly open environments that harness the power of the Internet of Things. “Products allow people and machines to communicate and collaborate like never before”. “Innovations that have fundamentally changed the way people connect and control devices and systems”. Using Tridium N4 software for Holiday Inn, we integrated their room temperature controllers, the Fidelio Opera PMS, and our own custom designed and built electronic modules for the motorised roller blinds.

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SkySpark (https://skyfoundry.com) Find what matters Turning knowledge of equipment systems into software that automatically finds issues, patterns, and faults.

is, and as a result how much carbon dioxide is present, therefore controlling the extractors to run only when they are needed. Systems in other hotels without sensors must run extractor fans at all times to comply with government regulations. The BMS system can also save energy by having the chillers shut down compressors during low occupancy. Plus, engineers can quickly identify any faults, as the system produces an alert if it detects non-responsive equipment.

BOOKINGS BEGIN Bruce Van Duyn says the hotel has received very positive feedback since the hotel’s refurbishment. He will continue to work closely with the hotel as it enhances its energy control system as the final pieces of new equipment are installed. The hotel’s Area General Manager, Blair Roxborough believes that Holiday Inn Melbourne on Flinders has set a new standard. “The hotel offers a new and fresh experience to our guests. We know that everyone will enjoy our modern rooms and stunning bathrooms, no matter if they are travelling for business or leisure.”

HOW ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

is revolutionising hospitality BRENDON GRANGER I DIRECTOR, TECHNOLOGY4HOTELS

In our last issue Brendon Granger, our technology expert, discussed artificial intelligence. In this edition he continues his discussion on how AI is being used in the hospitality industry.

he use of artificial intelligence in hospitality might once have been envisaged as part of some distant future, but it’s now making its way into the hotels of today – helping to improve internal efficiency, price rooms, and enhance the guest experience. Here are just some of the ways AI is being implemented right now by hotels around the world.

1. VOICE-CONTROLLED TECHNOLOGY Just recently, Wynn Las Vegas announced it’ll be adding Amazon Echo to all of its 4,748 hotel rooms, giving guests the ability to control various features in their room using just their voice. Initially, guests will be able to control the lights, temperature, drapery and TV. But Wynn Las Vegas is planning to harness some of Amazon Echo’s other impressive features, including its personal assistant function. Soon, guests could start using Echo to get personal recommendations or receive information on hotel services and attractions in the local area.

Last year, Clarion Hotel Amaranten in Stockholm started piloting their own in-room assistant based on Amazon Echo. Working with U.S. tech firm Edge DNA, the assistant was designed to include hotel-specific features, such as allowing guests to order taxis, request room service, search online for information, and find out about the hotel opening hours. Consumer demand for personal assistants is booming right now. As they enter the home and start to become mainstream, it’s likely that travellers will soon begin to expect similar technology in their hotel room.

2. RISE OF THE ROBOTS Working alongside IBM, Hilton is piloting “Connie” - billed as “the hospitality industry’s first Watson-enabled robot concierge”. When guests check in at the Hilton McLean in Virginia, USA, Connie is on hand to provide information on tourist sights, the local dining scene, and answer questions about hotel services and amenities.

While proving a large investment, this kind of technology isn’t just being used exclusively by major brands.

Using Watson's cognitive computing power, Connie can sift through vast amounts of online content to answer on-the-spot queries. And with every interaction, Connie learns and develops its ability to make tailored recommendations. Meanwhile, the Henn na Hotel in Sasebo, Japan, is officially the world’s first hotel to be staffed by robots. The front desk is manned by a humanoid female and a dinosaur that helps with check in and check out. A mechanical “robot cloak room” in the lobby stores luggage in

private lockers, and robotic porters are available in certain parts of the hotel to carry luggage to rooms. Every room also has an assistant robot called Churi-chan that can carry out a range of functions, such as turning off the room lights and providing up-todate information on things like current weather conditions. Increasingly, robots are starting to be deployed in hotels around the world. Aloft hotel in Cupertino has a robotic butler called Botlr that delivers items

to guests, including towels, toiletries, and coffee. After calling the elevator using Wi-Fi, Botlr navigates its way to a guest’s room, then calls the hotel room phone to announce its arrival. While not artificially intelligent, it’s easy to imagine how the next wave of robotic butlers might be integrated with cognitive capabilities. By learning through every interaction, a robot such as Botlr would be able to establish a guest’s preferences, make personalised recommendations, and provide relevant information about services and amenities – all on the doorstep of the hotel room.

3. TAPPING INTO GUEST DATA While robotic butlers and in-room voice assistants have some very obvious advantages at the front end of hospitality, artificial intelligence can also deliver major benefits behind the scenes. At the luxury hotel chain Dorchester Collection, AI is being harnessed to gain vital insights into guest needs and preferences. Digital customer feedback is analysed by the Metis platform, which sifts through thousands of reviews in multiple languages. This cognitive computing power was recently applied to a brand-wide study of 7,454 guest reviews. After analysing the data, Metis produced a 30-minute interactive video that summarised its findings to hotel staff.

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In the first instance, using AI in this way saves hotel staff endless hours of methodically studying customer surveys and feedback. But it can also identify meaningful information and correlations within data that a human might simply miss. By providing in-depth insights from thousands of reviews, AI is helping brands such as Dorchester Collection build deeper customer profiles and monitor general trends across an extensive portfolio. And with the ability to review data so quickly, hotels can access the most up-to-date customer sentiments in virtually no time at all.

4. MAXIMISING BOOKING REVENUE Together, artificial intelligence and machine learning are also helping hotels maximise their booking revenue. Instead of relying entirely on human judgement, automation can rapidly analyse huge chunks of data to help hoteliers’ price rooms efficiently. Starwood Hotels invested $50 million to develop its own analytics software platform (named ROS) that conducts a staggering amount of calculations using hundreds of variables that impact supply and demand. Based on factors such as past and present booking data, room type, and daily rate information, ROS automatically calibrates pricing. Powered by machine learning, Starwood’s platform also continues to learn and develop its ability to set room rates. For major chains with multiple hotels, having this kind of intelligent automation means that thousands of

rooms can be strategically priced in real-time – an achievement that simply isn’t possible through manual human processing.

IN CONCLUSION While early days, a number of hotels are already seeing dramatic benefits of artificial intelligence. At the front end, robotic butlers and in-room voice assistants are greeting guests, offering helpful recommendations, and providing a streamlined way to request services and facilities. Behind the scenes, AI is making sense of huge amounts of data to help hotels monitor inventory, price rooms, and gain invaluable guest insights. As the technology progresses and price comes down, it’s clear that in the coming years, artificial intelligence has the potential to revolutionise the hotel industry in every way imaginable. The time to start considering its potential is now.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR With a great passion for all things hotels, but in particular technology and a desire to help others his role as director at Technology4Hotels allows him to do both. Brendon has worked with hundreds of hotels to help them with their in-room technology. In the last few years he has helped them to increase guest satisfaction, strengthen guest loyalty and encourage repeat bookings as well as win awards such as the best business hotel, best city hotel, best upscale hotel and best luxury hotel in Australasia. Always going the extra mile, Brendon began his hospitality career over twenty five years ago working in 5 star hotels whilst completing his Bachelor of Business in Hotel Management. He has held various management positions within 5 star hotels, worked as a consultant in both hotel feasibility and technology and has an extensive background in hotel technology.

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TOP HOTEL

Technology trends in 2018 TED HORNER I TED@HORNERTECH.COM.AU

1. MOBILE DEVICE AS DOOR KEY IS BECOMING OF AGE

his technology has now arrived in Australia with recent installs at Skye Hotel Suites in Parramatta and Crowne Plaza Hunter Valley with more to follow. While still small uptake of this technology it is starting to gain traction and Hilton is pushing this technology heavily with an ad campaign such as this.

with room service orders having increased by up to 20% over previous orders being placed over the phone. I believe many more hotels will install these systems as there is now sufficient evidence that there is a ROI where there was not previously.

4. GUEST ROOM PHONES ARE BECOMING LESS IMPORTANT Once upon a time, people used their room phones. However, the pervasiveness of mobile devices has relegated the conventional room phone to a vastly reduced role if at all and many hotels will in my opinion remove them altogether for a text messaging or What’s App type of application. When writing this I was staying at a resort hotel in Orlando Florida and on check reception asked me for my mobile number, then on entering my room I received a text message asking me if my room was ok. I had internet issues and instead of calling reception I texted my issue and received an instant reply.

5. GUEST APPS AND THE NEED FOR HOTELS TO STAY CONNECTED WITH THEIR GUESTS I believe that many hotels will begin to adopt this technology as it becomes more commonplace both here in Australia and overseas.

2. SERVICE AUTOMATION Self-serve is in. Today, many guests prefer technology over human interaction for simple tasks. Remote check-in and check-out options are becoming popular, and some hotels are beginning to work with apps that let guests order room service right from their mobile devices. There’s a whole range of basic guest requests that can be automated with the right technology, which frees hotel staff up for other activities that enhance the guest experience. This trend is only going to accelerate.

3. TABLETS IN GUESTROOMS In the last 12 months a number of hotels in Australia have installed Apple ipads in guestrooms to replace guest compendiums, allowing guests to order room services via their tablet, (including full integration with hotels Point of Sale System), hotels such as Crown Towers in Perth, Elements at Byron Bay and Skye Hotel Suites. These properties have installed them, and guest feedback has been very positive

The vision of the connected guest entails nearly every aspect of the guest experience. Something as complex as that needs a single hub from which to operate—guest apps for personal mobile devices are the natural place to host these functions. A smartly designed guest app combines everything from deal notifications to hotel services to loyalty programs. If you see a guest using the group rate for a conference, you could use the app to electronically send your guest the event itinerary, complete with a map of meeting spaces where sessions will be held. Most major hotels have some element of this picture in play already, and they’re adding capabilities every day. Some of the major flags are closer, but much of the technology and integration is still in development. Regardless of who gets there first, one thing is certain—the hotel with a truly connected experience will be full of very happy, very empowered guests.

5. BATTLE FOR BANDWIDTH A smart phone. A laptop. A tablet, guests are bringing every Internet bandwidth-sucking device they own when they travel. And whether they’re travelling for business or pleasure, you can bet you’re going to hear about it if they can’t connect as quickly and reliably as they’re used to at home. The best hospitality brands in their efforts to deliver a better guest experience are rolling out new Wi-Fi technology using Central Authentication

& Hotspot 2.0 whereby guests can connect their devices more easily and removing the requirement to enter last name and room number every new day or every new stay in the same hotel. Remembering guest details and their devices and allowing them to connect automatically to the Wi-Fi network in the hotels is the new battleground for the major hotel chains. Whatever the new solution, rest assured, the demand for bandwidth at hotels is only going to grow dramatically particularly as guests wish to download their own content from their tablet or smart phone and then want to screen share with the smart TV in the room

6. LOCATION-BASED SERVICES This technology is in its infancy in hotels, but the implications are huge. Being able to understand where hotel staff and guests are located at any given time creates all kinds of opportunities to improve the guest experience—from being able to deliver services to guests while freeing them from their rooms to helping event staff operate more efficiently to turning over rooms more quickly and beyond. Now with Wi-Fi access points being installed throughout the hotel this is possible.

7. TECH ENABLED PUBLIC SPACES – LOBBIES AND RECEPTION Airline check-ins. Local info guides. A place where guests can get out of their rooms but still access Wi-Fi to relax or get work

done. The use for technology in hospitality seem to grow every year, and savvy hospitality businesses are transforming these guest desires into stylish semi-public spaces where guests can engage tech on their terms. Many guests are even beginning to include these kinds of technologies in their online hotel search criteria, so hospitality businesses that lack them may eventually find themselves at a disadvantage. One of the best examples of this is Citizen M www.citizenm.com.

8. TECH-ENABLED MEETING SPACES The modern meeting space has evolved. No longer is it about tables and chairs and nice serving carts. Modern meetings run on technology. Business people need to have access to multimedia and do video conferencing with remote attendees— sometimes both simultaneously. And for the marathon meetings, they’d like access to services like catering with minimal interruptions. Most of all, smart hotels know they need these spaces to be as user-friendly as possible. The A/V rooms of the past that required dedicated engineers are no longer an option. If you think these kinds of business needs are limited to boardroom-style conference spaces, you’re missing an important part of the picture—business customers are increasingly asking for advanced technology enablement in ballrooms and event halls, as well.

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Future of Point of Sale

(POS)

TED HORNER I E HORNER & ASSOCIATES, SYDNEY AUSTRALIA

Technology is having a big impact on where POS is headed and now customers are dictating how products and services are ordered and paid for, hence the demand for technology that supports this.

he focus with POS is all about the guest experience and one of the major drivers is mobility because is it accessible, real and is now what guests use in all aspects of their life. Mobile POS provides many benefits to hotels, these are • Speed of service is dramatically increased as staff can take orders on their mobile device which are then connected to POS • Convenience of self-ordering, whereby guests can self-order via their smart phone by the pool or wherever they happen to be in your hotel • Mobile POS allows luxury hotels or resorts to more easily serve their guests • With integration to CRM system staff have access to information on guests and can personalise the service • Self-service technology where it has been deployed has led to an increase in F&B spend by guests • Mobile cashless payments methods such as google pay, apple pay, has also led to more streamlined ways for guests to finalise payment We are also seeing the removal of traditional POS in quick service restaurants in favour of kiosks where guests can self-order and create their own dishes on the fly. Where this technology has been rolled out it has led to increase in the average check, but also led to need for less staff to process orders. We are now also seeing the arrival of customer facing Mobile platforms to provide the following o Order and pay in App or through a responsive web platform o Load stored value in App o Loyalty in App/Web o Delivery in App to combat the likes of Uber Eats and Grub Hub and others whom are taking 25-30% commission

on the total transaction value where the orders are not integrated to any POS providers. o Push notifications of promotions to App loyal members o Payment via mobile phone aps like Apple pay

POS SECURITY Over the last few years this has been a major problem for hotels where guest credit card details have been stolen and often this has come about because of the lack of security within the POS. To overcome this Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council has created security standards that all hotels must follow. Now the card data is processed only by the payment gateway to/from the acquiring bank and only the final transaction approval code is passed to the POS, without the card data. Also tokenization has become widely adopted in recent years. Using technology to save a token instead of the actual card data has helped security by reducing retention of sensitive data. The token is only meaningful to the property and [its] specific payment gateway. In the hands of a criminal, it cannot be used with any other property or payment gateway. Also helping improve POS security is the wider adoption of point-to-point encryption. Theft occurs when malware is injected in the payment ecosystem. Point-to-point encryption is eliminating many opportunities of exposure by immediately encrypting credit card data. With the advent of EMV this prevents counterfeit card fraud, but it does nothing to secure the account number. In other words, EMV just protects one card as opposed to every card that is transacted through a terminal protected by point-topoint encryption. New POS what are the key points to consider? • is the POS 100% hardware independent i.e. can it run on IPads, smart phones or tablets with either IOS or Android operating systems

• can the POS be hosted in the cloud –in the event connectivity is lost can the POS device store transactions while off line and fully update when re connection to cloud is made • Does the Software as a service (SaaS) model include training and installation costs as part of the monthly fee instead of having to pay up front • Does the POS vendor have an on line training portal with the capability of o Instructor lead and self-paced training tools o Assessment at end of exercise • Does POS support Wi-Fi or cellular communications to hand held devices which may include cell phone • Does the POS system allow for reservations and table management software to run on the same device • Does the POS come with its own CRM whereby customers food and beverage sales are automatically recorded for loyalty purposes • Does the POS support facial recognition software such as IPhone X • What is the level of PCI Compliance • Are you GPDR certified (became law May 25th 2018 in Europe) • Does your POS software support API and Web Services and do you make your software accessible to third parties • Do you have inventory software and if so is it one single database

food and all items ordered are posted to my shopping cart and either automatically posted to my room # or my own nominated mobile payment method such as Apple or Google Pay. I can imagine old fashioned hoteliers decrying the lack of personal service, but many millennials are not interested in face to face contact and would prefer to fully automate the whole ordering process particularly if it streamlines service. Here in Australia we are moving away from use of traditional POS as our major banks have touch screen EFTPOS terminals that can also be used as mobile POS units and are ideal as cashless transactions are more prevalent. Pay at the table and customer check out are now in high demand. With the recent arrival of Top Golf in Australia the venue will use around 40 Albert touch screen EFTPOS (see picture above) as POS terminals and only around 5 traditional POS units. Check out this You Tube video for more information on Albert. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cqnhS1Y17Zo Another example of a kiosk based POS system which allows patron to create their own order on the fly is new US fast food chain called Burger Boss using an Australian based vendor called Task Retail. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SoHJW8UkiSM&feature=y outu.be

• Does POS support contactless payment (Pay Pass or Pay wave) • Mobile payments i.e. Apple Pay, Google Pay, We Pay, WeChat Pay and Alipay • Are the above payment methods fully integrated with the POS • Does the POS come with ability to send KPI or spreadsheets to smart phones • Does the POS come with a Web based GUI and use of web based reporting tools

AMAZON GO (IMAGINE THE POSSIBILITIES FOR THIS IN HOTELS AND RESTAURANTS) Amazon has introduced concept outlet called Amazon Go store in Seattle where there are no cashiers, no POS and no lines. The store, called Amazon Go, https://www.amazon.com/ b?node=16008589011, doesn’t work like a typical supermarket — instead, shoppers use an app, also called Amazon Go, to scan the products they plan to buy, and then they can walk out of the building without waiting in a checkout line. The idea is that Amazon’s machine learning technology can automatically identify when a product is added to your cart, so you don’t have to do it yourself. When you leave the store, Amazon automatically charges your Amazon account. Imagine the possibilities here for hotels in the future – I arrive at a hotel bar or restaurant, the hotel knows who I am based on my loyalty membership or IP address on my smart phone. I then have the option to self-order off my phone, my drinks or

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MAKING GREEN VENUES a tourism drawcard BELINDA WALLIS

Leading hotels, event centres, museums and tourism bodies have joined forces with the City of Sydney to make Sydney a more globally recognised and sustainable destination for business and holidays.

Grace Hotel

ore than 30 local and international organisations from the accommodation and entertainment sectors have signed up to the City’s new Sustainable Destination Partnership. The program will identify ways for businesses to become greener through environmental ratings, increased use of renewable energy, reduced water use and improved waste management and recycling. The program was inspired by the success of the City’s Better Buildings Partnership. This collaboration of major property owners has recorded an impressive 52 per cent emissions reduction across the program partners’ combined $105 billion property portfolio since 2006.

Hilton Sydney

ICC Sydney

The sustainable destination partnership program brings together the largest hotels in the city who represent half of the hotel rooms in the City area, the leading national backpacker hostels provider, government-owned cultural institutions and international entertainment and event brands. Speaking at the recent official Sydney Opera House launch, Lord Mayor Clover Moore said the program is the next step in engaging with industry to meet the City’s ambitious carbon reduction targets.

“Climate change is the biggest issue we are facing here at the City, so it is critical that we work with our industry partners to improve their environmental performance,” the Lord Mayor said.

• Australian National Maritime Museum

“The accommodation and entertainment sector generates 47 per cent of all commercial waste in our city, with only half of this recycled – and as Australia’s largest accommodation market it is up to Sydney to be a national leader when it comes to creating sustainable destinations".

• Grace Hotel

“With the industry continuing to expand and visitors contributing $16.7 billion to the local economy, we have a real opportunity to achieve substantial environmental outcomes through this initiative". “By working collaboratively with the key players in this sector, we can reduce carbon pollution, boost the use of renewable energy and put Sydney on the map as a sustainable destination for leisure and business travellers.” Sydney is home to 20,000 hotel rooms, 5,500 serviced apartments and more than 7,000 backpacker hostel beds. In 2015/16 the accommodation and entertainment sector was responsible for 21 per cent of the city’s total greenhouse gas emissions and 14 per cent of drinking water consumption. The program participants will work together on a range of projects that will see an increase in the use of energy from renewable sources, less waste diverted to landfill and a reduction in the use of drinking water. The country’s peak accommodation industry body, Tourism Accommodation Australia, is backing the City’s program.

• City of Sydney • Fox Studios Productions • Hilton • Holiday Inn • Hyatt Regency • IHG Intercontinental Sydney • International Convention Centre • The Langham Hotel • Merlin Sydney Wildlife World • Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences • Museum of Contemporary Art • Park Royal • Schwartz Family Company • Shangri-la • Star Entertainment Group • State Library • Sydney Living Museums • Sydney Opera House • Veriu • YHA Organisations supporting the program as associate members include: • Business Events Sydney • Earth Check

“As a 24/7 industry, the accommodation sector has a significant environmental impact through energy and water consumption. We recognise a focus on environmental sustainability is vital for us all,” said Carol Giuseppi, CEO of Tourism Accommodation.

• GBCA

Organisations that will take part in the sustainable destination program include:

• NSW Office of Environment & Heritage

• Griffith Institute • Good Compass • My Green Butler • Ozharvest

• Accor

• PCA

• Amora Hotel

• Supply Chain School

• Art Gallery of NSW

• Tourism Accommodation Australia

• Australian Museum

• Tourism Transport Forum

Sustainable Destination Partnership launch

HOTEL PLASTICS – What's next? MARK THOMSON

Plastic is one of the most common and convenient materials in our society and is used extensively in hotels. Plastic has become controversial due to its negative impacts on the environment, biodiversity, and human health. Most plastic does not naturally biodegrade in the environment. Instead it breaks down into small particles (micro-plastics), which may negatively impact human health, releasing toxins into the food chain and by poisoning wildlife and marine life.

e are now witnessing a global campaign against single use plastics. Two particularly plastic-intensive industries are hotels and restaurants. Proactive leaders in these sectors have developed innovative approaches to reduce, recycle, and reuse the plastic consumed during their operations. Practical strategies for the improvement of sustainability performance in hotels and restaurants may include: • The Establishment of a plastic waste management system, creating initial baseline waste inventories, collecting data of current plastic usage amount, identifying hotspot, producing templates for annual analysis, and building a sustainability position or a team • The Replacement of single-use plastics, by providing guests reusable and refillable tools • The Education and engagement of customers to reduce plastic use, by providing guests what they need to opt out the unsustainable options, and building new distribution systems for the usage of plastic products in hotels • The Recycling of used plastic products through providing recycling bins and information about local recycling practices. • The Implementation of staff training through providing training materials with facts and numbers on plastic consumption and waste generation. • Avoiding plastic waste generation during the process of renovation and rebuilding • A responsible sourcing policy adopted in hotels, including creating sourcing profile for suppliers and establishing consistent sourcing criteria using practical local parameters. • Share information and communicate plastic reduction efforts to guests and investors, through visualizing plastic waste data, generating marketing flyers, and so forth • Build partnerships with industry competitors, or with other industries, to close the loop and reduce plastic usage in operations

Replas recycles a wide range of rigid and soft plastics collected through industry and the community.

There are two broad categories of plastic currently being developed that may offer significant environmental advantages over existing plastics. The first group is known as metallocene polyolefins. • This group has been under development for several decades, but spent around 15 years of this time embroiled in lawsuits, resulting in very little progress until now. • Polyolefins can now be viable replacements for PVC which carries a high environmental burden. The second promising group is bio-plastics. These show multiple environmental benefits as follows: • They are biodegradable. • Bio-plastics are renewable – fossil fuel may be used for processing but not as a feedstock.

• Less risk of harmful effluent or emissions during manufacture.

REFERENCES

• There are several types of bio-plastic, some of which are produced from simple plant sugars, particularly from corn.

https://sites.duke.edu/nsoeclientgmp_plasticpollutioncoalition/ recommendations/hotels/ https://greenbuildingsolutions.org/blog/plastic-buildingmaterials-real-solution-todays-building-market/ https://www.plasticseurope.org/application/ files/3915/1714/0577/bc_brochure_111212.pdf https://greenbuildingsolutions.org/life-cycle-assessment/ recycling-plastics/

ABOUT THE AUTHOR It would be very difficult to build without any plastics, as bioplastics and metallocene polyolefin technology matures, more benign alternatives for many polluting plastics should appear – watch out for them! Do not be fooled that plastic will always be recycled. Unless directed by contract to a reputable recycling program, Landfill is the most likely place, plastic from hotels will end up!

Mark Thomson is an eco Architect with qualifications from the GBCA and Earthcheck organisations. He has over 30 years experience in the Australian design development and construction industry. He has built and refurbished multiple hotel projects around Australia and was co-owner in a national hotel chain up until 2005. His current business is Eco Effective Solutions based in Brisbane. www.ecoeffective.com.au mark@ecoeffective.com.au

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BOOT

scheme delivers Cyril Uboldi knew he needed to upgrade the plant room at the Four Seasons Hotel. The Director of Engineering at the landmark Sydney property was challenged with maintaining outdated and inefficient mechanical equipment that dated back to 1982 when the hotel was built.

major obstacle for Cyril was convincing the building owners to invest more than $2 million on new plant. After all, comfortable beds, a great restaurant and modern fittings – the things guests pay for – generally take precedence over a room full of pipes, chillers and boilers when it comes to capital allocation. The solution came in the form of a Build, Own, Operate and Transfer (BOOT) scheme that included purpose-built energy efficient equipment and operating systems. Jack Siwek, the Chiller Team Manager from multi-technical services business ENGIE Services, said his company devised a solution to design, fund, build, own and operate the facility for 12 years and then transfer the assets to Four Seasons at no cost. Once system optimisation is complete, the team expects annual energy savings of 26 per cent on electricity and 16 per cent on gas. To deliver such a result, ENGIE Services collaborated with Quantum design engineers in Germany to develop new generation, high-efficiency compact chillers tailored for the retrofit market, in particular where crane expenses normally add significant costs to a project. The chiller components were designed to fit the hotel’s goods lift size and weight limitations, saving more than $150,000 a day in crane costs that would have been required using a traditional replacement program. The innovative chiller design also allows the evaporator and condenser vessels to be transported in the lift, without the need for split vessels, removing the risk of costly repairs for leaking gaskets during the life of the chillers. Following the factory acceptance tests, the chillers were delivered to ENGIE Services’ Sydney workshop where they were disassembled by ENGIE Services’ in-house, Original Equipment Manufacturer-trained chiller team. The components were then delivered to site and transported to the Level 35 plant room using the goods lift, reassembled and commissioned. Technicians rigging a condenser vessel

A 1380 KG 900 kW evaporator vessel being transported via a staff lift

THE BOOT BENEFITS • Long-term or even lifecycle commitments on the performance of plant • Upfront capital expenditure avoided • Risk transferred to/shared with solution provider • Increased availability and reliability of the plant • Comprehensive warranty for the contract term • Predictable and guaranteed cost profile for annual budgeting purposes • Reduced overall lifecycle costs • Well maintained and optimised system at ownership transfer The plant is remotely monitored and ENGIE Services staff have 24/7 access to the system to ensure efficient and reliable operation. ENGIE Services is also trialing Internet of Things (IoT) vibration analysis sensors on the chillers to improve remote monitoring, alarming and plant reliability. Following the upgrade of the central plant, an UltraHD 3D model of the plantroom was developed, with links to operations and maintenance and real-time data from the Building Management System (BMS) to allow state-of-the-art operation of the plant. The chillers also have a direct connection to the manufacturer in Germany. This provides Four Seasons with remote diagnostics, troubleshooting and automatic software and firmware upgrades. According to Cyril Uboldi, the BOOT scheme delivered by ENGIE Services was a unique approach for this type of project.

The retrofitted plant room

“It allowed us to gain the energy savings from installing new equipment and systems without having to make a big capital investment upfront,” he said. ENGIE Services Managing Director of Services, Mark Williamson, said the Four Seasons project was a prime example of developing an engineering solution for older buildings that needed more efficient heating and cooling systems. “There’s growing demand and indeed expectation among owners, managers and even users for smarter buildings that provide a more comfortable environment for the user, while also delivering better financial outcomes for owners and operators,” he said. “Under our model, the client transfers project risk to ENGIE Services. They pay fixed maintenance fees with guarantees for equipment reliability and efficiency over the length of the BOOT scheme. “At the end of the term, the client obtains ownership of a well maintained, optimised plant room.”

PROJECT KEY POINTS • 2 x 900kW Quantum Chillers utilising magnetic bearing, oilfree Turbocor compressors • Heat recovery from the chillers via a condenser water loop, used to preheat feedwater to the domestic hot water system – this reduces the gas consumption of the boilers, as well as electricity consumption of the cooling tower fans

• 2 x Rendamax fully condensing boilers for heating hot water and domestic hot water – the two systems are controlled at independent temperature set points for maximum efficiency • Kamstrup ultrasonic thermal energy meters are used to monitor, control and measure secondary energy demand and consumption of the hotel’s chilled water, heating hot water, domestic hot water and heat recovery • Existing fibreglass cooling towers were refurbished with all new fill and fans • Side stream filtration was installed on the condenser water system to minimise the amount of chemicals required • The entire BMS is being upgraded including central plant optimisation and energy management system

COST COMPARISONS

ENERGY SAVINGS Energy Savings

Guaranteed*

Current**

Projected

Gas savings (GJ p.a.)

860 (6%)

1768 (12%)

2309 (16%)+

Electricity savings (MWh p.a.)

92 (8%)

254 (23%)

287 (26%)+

$ savings p.a.***

$38k

$85k

$107k

CO2 savings (t p.a.)

139

347

412

The new domestic hot water system

* Only efficiency and coefficient of performance are guaranteed. Consumption may vary. ** First two months of operation. System optimisation incomplete. *** Savings above guaranteed level are shared.

HEAT RECOVERY: HOW IT WORKS • Heat is recovered from the chillers via the condenser water loop to pre-heat incoming cold mains water to 32 degrees before it enters the domestic hot water heaters • Reduces gas consumption for hot water production • Reduces cooling tower fan energy consumption • Reduces cooling tower water consumption • Reduces water treatment chemicals

ABOUT ENGIE SERVICES ENGIE Services specialises in improving energy performance in the industrial, public and commercial building sectors through developing and implementing smart energy saving solutions. With more than 30 locations throughout Australia and New Zealand, the business provides multi-technical services, assetbased energy performance and environmental solutions, which help customers achieve energy efficiency, environmental, operational and maintenance objectives. For more information: www.engie-anz.com

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Perth’s newest five-star hotel, The Westin—built on WA’s former firefighting headquarters—is now open for business!

uring the three-year process Caterlink worked closely with Hospitality Total Services on the implementation of their design for the kitchens and bars. Now, let’s take a closer look at some of the exciting venues that make The Westin unique.

HIBERNIAN HALL Hibernian Hall was originally developed as a social club to serve the Irish community of Western Australia. Built in the Federation Free Classical Style, it was opened on 26 June 1902, with a grand ball. After several changes of function and name, Hibernian Hall was ready for refurbishment as part of the Westin Hotel complex, but its heritage listing made for a delicate operation. Upgrading this iconic landmark, Caterlink had to coordinate the old with the new, balancing old features with the modern vibe.

GARUM Westin Perth’s signature restaurant, Garum, is headed up by acclaimed Melbourne chef, Guy Grossi, and is his first restaurant outside Victoria. The restaurant radiates a classy, modern vibe which makes it a pleasant and contemporary Italian dining experience in the stunning heritage-listed Hibernian Hall. Garum’s Head Chef Mario Di Natale has created a menu based on both ancient Roman and modern Italian classics. This Roman osteria offers breakfast, lunch and dinner seven days per week. Caterlink installed the Waldorf Bold black range in Garum. With its black baked enamel finish, this cooking line exudes even more sophistication than the standard range. Australian-

made custom designed Williams refrigeration units, including specialised black powder coated under broiler counters are situated under the main pass to match the black Waldorf Bold. Most of the refrigeration supplied to Garum were custom designed black units by Williams to fit in with the upmarket look the designers we’re going for.

THE HAVEN LOUNGE The Haven Lounge is located in the hotel lobby; it offers light meals, cocktails and delectable Westin High Teas. Chef Paul Gaspa serves daily a selection of delicious snacks and sweets, complemented by Westin house blend coffee or Senses tea infusion. Caterlink installed specially designed Williams cabinets; built into joinery and cladded to provide a seamless transition between the bar and the high-end cabinetry. This gives the illusion that there are no refrigerated cabinets in the area as they are well camouflaged by the custom cabinetry finish. Williams worked closely with all the designers and consultants to achieve a sophisticated look whilst maintaining functionality throughout the hotel. Whether you’re needing a place to keep the family for a big wedding, or a luxurious hotel experience for a couples’ anniversary, The Westin Perth caters to all guests! Elizabeth Quay, the vibrant Swan River precinct, Perth Stadium, shopping and entertainment options are all within easy reach from the hotel. For more Caterlink projects please visit www.caterlink.com.au

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The ravage and annihilation of

RUST, BUGS AND OTHER NASTIES in HVAC cooling tower systems CORROSION MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS

RUST, BUGS AND OTHER NASTIES

echnically, the term “rust” refers specifically to iron oxide generated by the corrosion of iron bearing metals (steel chiller tube sheets, some pipe work and condenser pump housings, as examples). “Corrosion” is the umbrella label referring to the oxidation of all metals, the most common of which are copper and its alloys (some pipe work, chiller tubes), stainless steel and galvanized (zinc) coatings often used to protect the internal surfaces of chiller isolation valves.

water, steam, or other HVAC and plumbing piping may produce a loss of service, inconvenience, property damage, shutdown, and even millions of dollars in monetary losses, but the failure of a fire sprinkler line always threatens the loss of human life.

THE RAVAGE TO HVAC COOLING TOWER SYSTEMS The Cost of Excessive Corrosion All metals, with the exception of some classified as “rare earth elements” are found in nature as the oxide – the electromagnetic stability of the metal oxide is much lower than that of the refined metal. Mining the oxide and reducing it in a blast furnace produces the pure metal ready to be put to use. However, because the metal is in an “excited” state by comparison to whence it came, a never ending battle commences - the metal has an unrelenting driving force to revert to the oxide form, and man tries his best to stop that process.

“Bugs” is a slang term referring to microscopic organisms and certainly includes Legionella bacteria. It also includes the Total Bacteria Count (TBC) also known as Heterotrophic Colony Count (HCC) and any other organisms found in cooling systems. Micro organisms such as Pseudomonas bacteria are more often found in water fountains and features, the management of which is also the responsibility of the HVAC Facilities Manager. “Other Nasties” refers primarily to the threat of high corrosion to fire sprinkler lines. The most critical piping of any building, property or plant operation is unquestionably the fire sprinkler system. Corrosion problems of cooling tower water, chilled

Corrosion is a chemical process which can be interfered with, but can’t be totally stopped. The best science can do is to slow down the inevitable process to enable an acceptable service life of items made from metals. The cost of the “inhibition” to global industries is astronomical. The corrosion inhibitor market in the US alone is expected to exceed $US8.8 billion by 2023 and predicted to grow at a rate of 4.7% per year.

Legionnaires’ disease (LD) is a serious, and often deadly, lung infection (pneumonia). People usually get it by breathing in water droplets containing Legionella germs. People can also get it if contaminated water accidentally goes into the lungs while drinking. Many people being treated at health care facilities, including long-term care facilities and hospitals, have conditions that put them at greater risk of getting sick and dying from LD.

Within an HVAC condenser water system the most costly single piece of equipment is the chiller, and a close second is the associated pipe work. A single small chiller unit may cost $1.3 million, but in a multistorey building an additional $1/4 million may be needed to remove the outgoing chiller and install the incoming unit!!

Key points include:

Most mechanical service companies agree an acceptable service life of a cared-for chiller is 25 years. Nondestructive testing can establish the life expectancy of the remaining metallurgy and depending on the age of the building, this information is of great interest to the building management, and the owner or prospective buyer!! The Cost of Biological Excursions

• People definitely got Legionnaires’ disease from a health care facility in 76% of locations reporting exposures. • Legionnaires’ disease kills 25% of those who get it from a health care facility. • Most problems leading to US health care-associated outbreaks could be prevented with effective water management.

THE ANNIHILATION PROCESS To go into any battle – especially those where annihilation is on the agenda, preparation is vital. Project planning should include industry specific items such as Critical Control Factors which include: EFFECTIVE HVAC CORROSION MONITORING REYNOLD’S NUMBERS [NRe] and EROSION LEGIONELLA IRON INDEX [NLII] SUPPLEMENTARY APPLICATION OF AZOLE “As a requirement under AS/NZS 3666.3:2011; all cooling tower systems shall be provided with automatically regulated water treatment systems for effective management of corrosion, scaling, fouling and microbial growth. Consequently, it is important that the effectiveness of such programmes be monitored on a regular basis. Protection of the assets within the cooling tower system is a Key Performance Indicator and monitoring provides an indication of the performance of the Water Treatment Service Provider. Corrosion is also regarded as a risk factor because any corrosion of mild steel components within the system will release iron, thereby providing nutrients for the growth of Legionella. Therefore, the provision of reliable monitoring of the corrosion rates of the various metallurgies within the cooling tower water systems is an important component of a cooling tower management program.” EFFECTIVE HVAC CORROSION MONITORING HVAC Plant Longevity The accepted method of monitoring condenser water corrosivity in the interests of equipment longevity is the use of mild steel and copper corrosion coupons. However, meaningful results of practical value can only be obtained by the use of equipment compliant with the industry standard (ASTM D2688-15), and operated by its guidelines.

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Legionella HVAC condenser system corrosion is regarded as a risk factor because any corrosion of mild steel components within the system will release iron, thereby providing nutrients for the growth of Legionella. Therefore, the provision of reliable monitoring of the corrosion rates of the various metallurgies within the cooling tower water systems is an important component of a cooling tower management program. STEP 1: Install an ASTM Compliant Rack and use Compliant Corrosion Coupons

STEP 2: Measure and Set the Rack Water Flow Rate to 0.4 to 1.8 m/sec (refer to Reynolds Numbers below) ASTM D2688-D15 specifies an acceptable water flow rate range to ensure that soft metal erosion (of metals such as copper and its alloys) is not confused with, and interpreted as corrosion. The acceptable flow rate range is 0.4 to 1.8 m/ sec. Upon installation the water flow through the rack is calibrated ultrasonically and the flow regulating valve set and locked accordingly, and then fitted with tamper evident security items. Flow rate is checked ultrasonically every six months, and should also be done after major plant operational disruptions.

IMC provide ASTM compliant corrosion coupons, and racks. There are 14 different rack design criteria imposed by ASTM to duplicate water-side chiller conditions as closely as possible.

Too low a flow rate can enhance under-deposit corrosion, often leading to pitting metal wastage. General metal loss over a large surface area inhibited to an acceptable level is the aim of water treatment corrosion inhibition. Control of pitting attracts special attention because it is often the cause of premature equipment failure such as weep holes in pipes. Too high a flow rate can readily cause erosion and therefore metal loss of coupons, especially copper and its alloys. As coupon weight loss over specified exposure periods considers all weight loss to be corrosion, it is desirable to set the flow at the low end of the ASTM flow rate specification. STEP 3: Laboratory Analyse the System Water for Critical Control Factors and Azole Base line water chemistry conditions are needed to compare results after chemical or operational changes are made. Azoles are incorporated into many water treatment blended corrosion inhibitors. International technology indicates that a continuous free and available concentration of 4 ppm of azole is needed not only to protect copper containing metals, but to greatly reduce mild steel corrosion which is enhanced by excess soluble copper.

Supplementary azole must be added by a separate dedicated peristaltic pump and timer as a 5 to 10% solution diluted with water. (Refer Supplementary Application of Azole below) STEP 4: Temporarily Install a Data Logging Corrosion Monitor The compliant rack accommodates the probe and the self contained unit displays and logs corrosion rates every 30 minutes. This is Ideal for quick and accurate assessment of system operational changes. REYNOLD’S NUMBERS [NRe] and EROSION Depending on velocity, water flow in a pipe may be defined as Laminar, Transitional or Turbulent. Reynolds Number [NRe] is a dimensionless value that describes flow type; NRe = [DVLρ]/µ where D = pipe diameter, VL = Linear Velocity, ρ = density of water and µ = viscosity of water. In a corrosion coupon rack the pipe diameter and water properties are constant so the Reynolds Number is directly proportional to water flow rate i.e. NRe α VL NRe <2300 = LAMINAR FLOW NRe 2300-4000 = TRANSITIONAL FLOW NRe >4000 = TURBULENT FLOW LEGIONELLA IRON INDEX [NLII] The Corrosion – Legionella Bacteria Relationship Iron is an essential nutrient to Legionella bacteria. Corrosion is regarded as a risk factor because any corrosion of mild steel components within the system will release iron, thereby providing nutrients for the growth of Legionella. Therefore, the provision of reliable monitoring of the corrosion rates of the various metallurgies within the cooling tower water

systems is an important component of a cooling tower management program. It is interesting to note that laboratory culturing and measurement of Legionella bacteria concentrations in water samples requires the addition of iron to the agar. Iron is an essential nutrient to Legionella bacteria and under these ideal conditions, 84 ppm is specified. This is known as the Legionella Iron Index, NLII. This concentration of available iron would not be found in circulating condenser waters but would be exceeded under biofilm which often blankets “rust spots”. Legionella bacteria live in bio film. SUPPLEMENTARY APPLICATION OF AZOLE Overview Azoles are used by most water treatment suppliers in their corrosion inhibitor blends designed for open condenser water systems, such as chiller cooling. It is well known that azoles are the popular choice for protecting yellow metals in such systems, but they also protect mild steel by virtue of their ability to chelate soluble copper. Chelation simply means that when soluble copper and azole react together, the end product does not precipitate as an insoluble copper-azole complex – it remains soluble and able to be removed from the system by bleed. Without chelation, soluble copper seeks a galvanic “home” and mild steel is plentiful and available! The copper readily films on the steel creating a galvanic cell, and the mild steel becomes the “sacrificial anode” leading to rapid iron wastage both as general metal loss and more seriously, pitting at an accelerated rate. Why is azole testing so important? Most suppliers generally formulate cooling system inhibitors with azole. When fed correctly at the stoichiometric dose rate, they supply enough azole to the recirculating water to protect all copper metallurgy in the system. Copper is relatively corrosion resistant and a little azole goes a long way. However, chelation of soluble copper requires a reserve of azole to be available over and above base metal protection! Copper

concentrations as low as 0.1 mg/L can deposit on steel surfaces, accelerating localised attack. Please note that many suppliers have “one size fits all” products when it comes to a geographic area. Special plant problems, like high mild steel corrosion rates including pitting especially, need “designer chemistry” not commodity product approaches. You should test for azole in open recirculating cooling systems which include chillers. Never assume that a particular product contains the proper amount of azole even for the yellow metal inhibition required, let alone for chelation of soluble copper! The Do’s and Don’ts of copper AND mild steel corrosion control: • Don’t assume that enough azole is in a particular formulation to meet every condition • Don’t rely on copper corrosion coupons as an indication that results are good • Do run copper tests and identify the demand for azole • Do make sure azole residuals in the recirculating water exceed base metal protection demand by 0.5 – to 1.5 mg/l • Do add on at least another 2.0 mg/l for chelation. A continuous residual of 4 ppm free and available is preferable • Do routinely test for confirmation of the required residual for both base metal and chelation requirement • Do feed supplemental azole as needed • Don’t use azole containing inhibitor to provide the chelate demand – pH excursions may result

A WORD OR TWO ABOUT CLOSED SYSTEMS Closed System Corrosion Monitoring evaluates the corrosivity of the recirculating water. Our independent laboratory analyses provides a “snapshot” of water chemistry base-line conditions in systems where it is difficult to satisfactorily use corrosion monitoring equipment such as corrosion coupons and/or data logging monitors. Without regular system water analyses, the appearance of “weep holes” and other equipment failures are often the first signs of serious metal wastage. Regular analyses for corrosion products and other Critical Control Indicators are therefore recommended.

Achieving ASTM standard water flow rates of 0.4 to 1.8 m/sec through coupon racks requires significant differential water pressure and volumetric flow. Suitable locations for these requirements are not always readily available in closed systems such as Chilled Water (CHW) and Heating Hot Water (HHW) circuits. The alternative and/or complementary method of monitoring closed system water corrosivity and Critical Control Indicators is to regularly analyse the recirculating water. This means that a once-off system analysis establishes “base line” conditions for comparison with future analysis to indicate satisfactory absolute values and trends of Critical Control Factors over time, or not. INFLUENCE OF HEAT As a general rule, corrosion rates double with every 8˚C rise in temperature. Therefore HHW systems are more vulnerable than CHW systems. In open systems corrosion rates drop at about 80oC as oxygen is dispelled from the system – NOT SO with HHW circuits!

SUMMARY COMMENTS

Regular system water analyses can indicate preventative action requirements, before equipment failures, by monitoring absolute levels and trends of corrosion products and other Critical Control Indicators.

The four steps for effective HVAC corrosion monitoring discussed in this article are evidence proven over more than three decades, and is now internationally accepted technology. The chemistry of the corrosion cell will forever remain unchanged and mankind’s continuing efforts to control the reaction rate have come a long way in that period. Controlling corrosion with chemistry is not an art – it is a cold blooded science; get it right (but not at the expense of biological tardiness - oxidizing biocides are corrosive) and achieving simultaneous continuous corrosion and biological critical balance will reward you handsomely. Get it wrong and you will be jerked into remedial action very quickly, financially

embarrassed and if Legionella is involved stamped with a stigma which you could well do without.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR Steve Powell is a Chemical Engineer specialising in industrial water treatment processes. He has held senior research and sales/marketing positions in multinational water treatment and speciality chemical companies operating within Australia and he brings considerable practical experience to address clients risk management security. Based in Sydney he is currently the Principal Corrosion Engineer of Allwater Technologies (AWT) the specialist Corrosion Management Solutions Division of Independent Monitoring Consultants (IMC). Steve says, â&#x20AC;&#x153;AWT and IMC are aware of all of the impairments to quality service and servicing. As a privately owned Australian

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company providing quality services since 1992, IMC was the first to introduce fully independent sampling and testing to help clients manage the control of Legionella, system corrosion, Risk Management, Audits, indoor air quality, OH&S and duty of care obligations. These securities are all important to international hotel chains, major shopping centres, hospitals, and key Property Managers and Owners. IMC was the first major microbiological laboratory in Malaysia. It was also the first to be accredited by Standards Malaysia for both sampling and testing of environmental waters, indoor air quality, and food. IMC technical expertise and proficiency has been perfected during the past 20 years through our national and international experience. With a combined total of more than 150 years of water treatment knowledge and experience in our senior staff IMC is the perfect partnerâ&#x20AC;?. Allwater Technologies CORROSION MANAGEMENT SOLUTIONS is a Division of Independent Monitoring Consultants Head Office: 23-25 Daking Street, North Parramatta NSW 2151 Australia Tel: 1300 131 405 or +612 9800 5067 Fax: +612 9630 1256 Website: www.imclive.com

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THE BOTTOM LINE

Why we need stronger minimum standards for the buildings of tomorrow FRANKIE MUSKOVIC I POLICY MANAGER, SUSTAINABILITY AND REGULATORY AFFAIRS, PROPERTY COUNCIL OF AUSTRALIA

018 will be a big year for policy making in the built environment. Perhaps by the time you’re reading this the Australian Building Codes Board (ABCB) will have released the draft provisions of the National Construction Code (NCC) 2019, comprising the biggest overhaul of Section J since its introduction back in 2006. For those thinking “finally!” I hear you. Having participated in efforts over the past decade at increasing stringency and trying to harmonise aspects of section J with other industry tools like Green Star and NABERS, this is a well overdue and welcome deep-seated review. The significance of this opportunity, the first revision of the NCC since its shift to a three-year review cycle, is one we all must recognise and engage with in good faith. But more on that later. As well as significant changes in the NCC on the table, there is a concurrent industry led effort looking ahead to how our minimum standards could evolve over time. Australia has committed to the Paris Agreement, meaning that by 2050, we need to be at or beyond net zero emissions. The built environment will be crucial to achieving this as the sector presents some of the lowest cost emissions reduction opportunities, is shovel ready and can make this transition without any new technological breakthroughs – we can build net zero emissions buildings today.

Energy use in buildings accounts for 23% of Australia’s emissions, and more than half our electricity demand. In 2016, a coalition of industry bodies in the built environment combined forces to produce the landmark report “Low Carbon, High Performance” under the umbrella of the Australian Sustainable Built Environment Council (ASBEC). The report demonstrated that implementing a suite of energy efficiency opportunities in the sector could deliver $20 billion in savings by 2030. Not chump change. In fact, if all the recommendations outlined in the report are adopted, buildings could meet over half the national energy productivity target and more than a quarter of the national emissions target. Stronger minimum standards are a key area of policy reform requiring a longer-term strategy if we are to reach net zero emissions. 58% of Australia’s buildings in 2050 will be built after 20191. A staggering statistic, and one which reinforces the need to focus on improving standards now to avoid locking in poor performing building stock for decades to come. While the leaders in our sector are leading the world in sustainability – we’ve topped the Global Real Estate Sustainability Benchmark since its inception seven years ago – there is a very long tail. Beyond those top tier performers who are competing for global capital and the business of a sophisticated tenant market, there has been little evidence others will build above the minimum requirements of the NCC, despite the fact that more energy efficient buildings cost less to run and are more comfortable to occupy. This means the advanced materials and techniques

used on the best buildings haven’t been adopted broadly and materials like double glazing (cheaper than single glazing in Germany!) are not as widely used. At the time of Low Carbon, High Performance’s release, the ABCB were already progressing significant work on updating section J for commercial buildings in NCC 2019 but did not have a mandate to review stringency of residential buildings and there was no plan for how section J might be strategically reviewed on an ongoing basis after 2019. Given the NCC had just shifted to a three-year review cycle, there was an obvious opportunity to start a conversation on strategic long-term planning for the future of the Code. Enter the Building Code Energy Performance Trajectory Project, or more simply, the Trajectory project. The Trajectory project will seek to define a long-term trajectory for the NCC’s energy requirements for both residential and commercial buildings, leveraging the work already underway by the ABCB on commercial buildings. The project is being led by industry through ASBEC and ClimateWorks in partnership with the CRC for Low Carbon Living. Technical analysis for the work is being led by the same consultants who’ve done the work for NCC 2019, headed up by Dr. Paul Bannister and Energy Action.

Defining trajectories towards net zero emissions for every asset class has thrown up some interesting challenges. Not surprisingly, front and centre is the nexus between energy efficiency in building design and energy policy. Looking ahead as far as 2050, how quickly will the grid decarbonise and at what point is it more cost effective to reach net zero emissions with offsite renewable energy? This is outside the current mandate of the NCC, but treatment of onsite and offsite renewable energy will be an increasingly important consideration. Trajectories will necessarily look different for different building types; it will be far easier for detached houses and large industrial sheds to reach net zero with energy efficiency and onsite generation than a high-rise office building for example. To deal with this conundrum, the project will establish some common principles that should be used to review and update proposed trajectories that take account of technological advances and changes in cost. Underpinning all of this is a commitment to a “fabric first” approach. Buildings with smart passive design and high-performance facades require less plant and onsite or offsite generation. The building fabric also has a longer life than plant equipment and over the life of the building, it is more cost effective to focus on these design elements whose upfront cost will be offset through lower operating costs.

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The first results of modelling completed for residential buildings paint a compelling picture. If a single household cuts their peak demand by one kilowatt (kW) through good design – equivalent to the power used to run a small oil heater – this would save almost $1,000 in required investment in electricity system infrastructure, thus reducing electricity prices for everyone2. The analysis found there are immediate cost-effective opportunities to improve energy efficiency requirements in the NCC with measures that could reduce energy consumption for heating and cooling by an estimated 28 to 51 per cent across a range of housing types and climates. This is equivalent to between 1 and 2.5 stars on the NatHERS scheme. In most jurisdictions, implementing these improvements would mean setting minimum requirements at the equivalent of 7-star NatHERS or higher. Reducing air leakage is a major opportunity for most building types assessed, along with ceiling fans and roof insulation in some cases. The analysis also showed rooftop solar PV is now more financially attractive than most of the efficiency opportunities assessed, making a strong case for the potential inclusion of onsite renewable energy requirements (in addition to maximising energy efficiency) in the NCC. These findings will be released in an interim report in early February and will prompt discussion within industry. With no stringency increase on the table for residential buildings in NCC 2019, it is vital we conduct an open, inclusive dialogue and reach a consensus on changes to support moving forward. That is a key reason this project is led by industry – big changes to important regulations don’t happen quickly or without broad based industry support. Which finally brings me to NCC 2019. Dr Paul Bannister and Energy Action led the technical analysis forming the basis of new draft provisions that constitute, on average, a 45% decrease in annual energy use compared to current requirements. They’ve also gone to enormous effort to simplify section J, and in some cases (thermal bridging, looking at you) rather than increasing stringency, they’ve drawn out the existing requirements that were so well buried that most people didn’t know they were there. In addition to significant increases in stringency proposed for pumps, fans, chillers, boilers, PAC units, cooling towers, outside air, artificial lighting and lifts, the approach to glazing represents perhaps the biggest challenge in garnering strong industry support. It’s as much a cultural challenge as a technical one as the proposed approach sees the glazing calculator discarded in favour of much simpler table requiring the combination of a specified U value (total U-value of window+frame+wall) and product of Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) and Window to Wall Ratio (WWR) to be met for each façade by climate zone. The baseline used doesn’t reference typical highly-glazed facades we see in premium office towers or new apartment buildings, but started with the question: if the cheapest window is a wall, how do we assess windows? The baseline

scenario used was the cheapest window that would achieve a minimum of 5% daylight factor in the perimeter zone. Turns out that is not a big window – in the order of 30% WWR. The cost effectiveness of the changes proposed for NCC 2019 are predicated largely on the construction of facades that will have less glazing than we see on our current flagship buildings. Given the ability to use performance verification methods (NABERS and Green Star to be added as options as well as JV3), you’d still be able to construct buildings with 80, 90% glazing – but you’ll have to invest in high quality double glazing as well as external shading. Many out there will say this is a good thing, and it’s high time we went back to investing in better passive design and facades that don’t rely on optimised HVAC to achieve desired rating targets. This exposes an issue that’s been present in our industry a long time. There is little to no crossover between architectural design and detailed services design, leading to the oft presented anecdote of the pretty glass box that requires conditioning and the achievement of high NABERS and Green Star ratings. There are buildings out there that demonstrate well designed facades without floor to ceiling glass on every façade, like the Sirius building in Canberra, can perform at the highest levels and attract premium tenants. The industry is therefore clearly capable of delivering against these standards, but the culture of architects vs engineers needs to change. Given the amount of time and effort that’s been invested by Government and industry to get us to the stage of public consultation on NCC 2019 and the timeliness of the discussion around a long-term trajectory, the stakes are high. This is the moment for industry to demonstrate that we can lift our game, and to say we can walk and chew gum at the same time. The line I hear all the time, that we need to fix enforcement and compliance before raising minimum standards is a red herring. We need to do both. Other countries who’ve adopted trajectories like Denmark have found that proving a roadmap for industry has improved compliance and caused industry to take bigger leaps towards net zero to avoid being left behind. I know no one who wants to see the NCC go nowhere in 2019 or to proceed with three-yearly reviews of provisions on an ad-hoc basis without knowing what might come next. If the industry in Australia can get certainty on a clear, consistent long-term plan for energy requirements in the NCC, I have every confidence that Australia’s engineers – who already deliver some of the world’s most sustainable buildings – will invest in the innovation required to get every building to net zero.

REFERENCES 1. Based on floor area across all building sectors, given currently expected growth rates and allowing for refurbishment/rebuild of 1 per cent of the stock each year, in addition to net stock growth. 2. According to estimates undertaken by CSIRO for this project. Article courtesy of CIBSE, Engineering Buildings Volume 1 Issue 1 2018.

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LINEN SERVICE systems

The linen service is an important part of the hotel industry with the expectation of clean crisp and ironed bed linen and fluffy white towelling to match. Can you imagine checking into a hotel with crumpled linen and stained towelling?

he housekeeping department needs to decide the best way to move forward with the laundering process to ensure the linen service quickly prevails, costs are managed and hygienic results are achieved. There are many options to ensure a constant supply is available. These include a full in-house laundry, a hybrid or part in-house laundry or linen totally outsourced. There may always be a small laundry in-house even if only a guest emergency or general processing service. In many resorts and long stay hotels there is the option of having an onsite guest “do it yourself” laundry which is very popular. The main issues are whether to fully launder in-house or to have linen supplied. Note, it may be worth reviewing the process of towel laundering on-site as it may save $100,000.00 per year depending on space available, location and capital outlay prospects. The positives and negatives here will also have similarly to the full laundry decision. Towelling needs less space to process, and with a range of automation such as the Weir Towel Folders which eliminates the long laborious hours used for manual folding. There is no correct solution for the setup of internal laundry versus outsourcing. A hybrid system for towelling is manageable and will save costs. The AS4146:2000 Laundry Practice Standards need to be adhered to when determining the direction to follow for best outcomes. One system does not fit all hotels even if they are the same size as cost of m2 to build may vary. Or the costs are high but the contractor is unable to supply an appropriate service.

DIFFERENT LINEN SERVICE SYSTEMS Hotels need laundry services to function well, however for a series of reasons these are not always operating effectively or efficiently. This results in many, having managers grappling with the issue of whether to operate laundry services directly or to contract them out. There are many reasons for the inefficiencies and ineffectiveness of linen services. One reason is that management lacks experience with the finer details being missed resulting in poor quality outcomes or wasted resources (time and utilities). Poor laundering processes will also result in degradation of the quality of linen.

Furthermore, to qualify management as inexperienced, they rarely provide direct relevant training, unable to monitor and ensure quality and process standards are met; and general management issues for example; appraisals, evaluations and other staffing matters are ignored. The laundry costs will escalate if the business is not understood. “Busy staff” may be inefficient. It is important that all the machines are continually operating for ideal production results. There are three streams of operating laundry services. They are an internal on-premise laundry (OPL) fully staffed by the organisation; own a full functioning laundry and contract out the staffing component; or, send all the general linen out to a commercial contractor. There are advantages and disadvantages for each method, however it is still important for management of the facility to understand the linen service process and to manage all internal and external procedures tightly otherwise high costs will be experienced. The key steps with the laundry process are delivering and collection protocols, hygienic controls, safety issues, and staff training.

IN-HOUSE AND OUTSOURCING An OPL run by each facility is a series of systems incorporating the following process. Used linen is collected from the guest rooms and transported to be sorted in the laundry where it is laundered. The flow of the linen shall ensure there is no crossover of linen between the soiled and clean areas. Once the linen is washed, it is dried, ironed and/or folded and returned to the guest areas for reuse. Each action has “best practice” steps to be more effective and reduce operating costs. There is usually a high level of automation involved.

THE ADVANTAGES OF AN OPL • Control and management of quality and stock levels on the premises. • Cost controls can be managed at the hotel. • The linen will be owned by the hotel. • Linen deliveries will be more timely and frequent without additional delivery cost. • Problems will be addressed quickly.

• Laundry staff will be part of the hotel team and will “live” the overall service experience. • Staff are more likely to provide input into quality improvement initiatives. • Imprest systems can be well managed to ensure there are limited shortages. • Chemical costs can be better controlled. • Profits to contractor not needed to be paid, for example 20-30%. • A well planned laundry with the correct equipment and staffing attitude will be cost effective. • Able to undertake special tasks for instance; curtains, cleaning equipment, shower curtains, bedspreads without extra cost.

THE DISADVANTAGES • High cost of laundry build dollars per m2 may be excessive. • Undertaking stock control will result in additional process work needed in the laundry. • Staff are often inexperienced and management do not have time to provide appropriate training. • Lack of laundry supervision/management experience to ensure correct linen service procedures occur. • High cost of setting up full laundry department and subsequent operational costs will not achieve return on investment (R.O.I). • Labour costs if laundry is not managed well could be high plus on-costs of 30%-40% including workers’ compensation risk. • Staff selection for laundry may not always be the most suited. The laundry process is a demanding role, work place assessments should be made to ensure staff are suited to the physical nature of the work. • There is not space for the full complement of equipment, for example a chest ironers or towel folding machines. • Benefits will not be achieved if high production equipment is not available. The second arrangement, which many hotels are utilizing, is hiring linen in.

THE ADVANTAGES • Most labour with related on-costs are included in the external services costs. • Production costs are included in the external services costs • Costs of workers compensation are undertaken by the external supply company. • Linen is supplied by the contractor. Although there may be arrangements for hotels to own its own high grade linen. • Staff are professional in the commercial laundry setting with appropriate equipment and training. • Will supply linen requirements as required.

THE DISADVANTAGES • Suppliers may have limited access and not be able to provide cost effectiveness or availability of service.

• Quality of linen may be reduced due to high chemical usage. • The commercial contractor will make profit for their own organisation, flat wash is cheap to process. • If control of stock levels is not managed, over supply will cause high costs. Staff practices with handling of linen such as overuse -or clean linen just dumped rather than placed back in stock - will not be detected by the hotel. • Use of own linen at contractor will result in higher costs as it is laundered separately. • Lost linen is factored into the supply of linen cost. • Industrial issues may affect delivery times. • Breakdowns of delivery vehicles may affect delivery. • Inflexible when it comes to special requirements and additional costs may apply. • Small workable laundry is still required for guest laundry at hotel. • The facility will still need to employ staff to collect soiled linen, distribute clean linen, ring the orders through and wash all of the personal clothing. • Regional locations will not always benefit from outsource supplies if huge distances apply.

MANAGING THE CONTRACTORS It is important when assessing any contractor to provide a service, all the Hotels requirements are met. The Hotel is the customer and they can request for trolleys to be parked in a certain manner, to eliminate double handling.

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INTERNAL LAUNDRY A Hotel may outsource the linen service, however, it often retains a guest emergency organised laundry service. This may provide some specialised dry or wet cleaning services for delicates and other items. This will include a range of finishing equipment for shirts, skirts, suits, dresses etc, as well as a spotting table to remove stains. This is an area that training is important.

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LAUNDRY PROCESS The processes of the laundry services as recommended in the Australian New Zealand Standard for laundry practices (AS/NZS 4146:2000) will be the basis of all laundry procedures. The main points of a linen service are the design, disinfection and general processes. A laundry design needs to comply with hygienic control issues with separate soiled and clean linen areas (or processes adapted so that no issue arises).

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ASBESTOS MANAGEMENT

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“Asbestos has had a deadly impact on the health of Australians for far too long. Now we’ve got the tools to protect ourselves and workers from exposure; but only if we make it our business to use them and make it happen.” John Jarratt, Asbestos Awareness Ambassador.

nce hailed as a ‘miracle’ material for its heat and water resistant qualities, asbestos has also been responsible for causing the deaths of thousands of Australians. Having long been woven into the very fabric of our society, integrated into homes and workplaces, today, asbestos often remains concealed in products and locations most people wouldn’t expect, and if disturbed can have deadly consequences. Although a total ban came into force at the end of 2003, asbestos-containing materials (ACMs) remain in one-third of Aussie homes and can lurk unseen in many commercial and non-residential properties built or refurbished prior to 2004 including hotels and motels. Thousands of ACMs remain in commercial properties posing an ever present danger if fibres are released during maintenance, refurbishment, removal or demolition. If inhaled, the fibres can lead to life-threatening asbestos-related diseases including lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma. While it will be many years before all ACMs can be removed and disposed of safely, as long as asbestos remains among us in our homes, properties and workplaces, increasing awareness, improving education and providing useful information on how to manage asbestos safely, is the only means we have of preventing exposure to reduce deaths from asbestos-related diseases. Laws and guidelines throughout Australia define effective management, control, removal and disposal of ACMs to minimise fibre exposure. And while there may be slight variations in regulations across the states, the important principles governing asbestos management remain consistent,

existing for a single purpose – to save lives. However, we’re still seeing a sense of apathy across the commercial and nonresidential property sector with some saying it’s because they find the regulations vague or too complex opting instead to ignore the issue. Although particularly relevant among, property owners and managers, smaller contractors and tradespeople who lack knowledge of asbestos and asbestos management regulations, we’re also seeing it across the hotel engineering sector. John Batty, Managing Consultant in Occupational Hygiene and Hazardous Materials for Prensa a Risk Management Consultancy says, ”There are still many occasions where uncontrolled work in the commercial and non-residential property sector (including hotels) is being undertaken on asbestos containing materials that have not been identified prior to the works commencing. This is often due to a lack of understanding by property owners, managers and contractors about the need to identify “all” asbestos containing materials prior to work on the materials (e.g. refurbishment). Relying on asbestos registers

Asbestos in the ceiling

that are non-intrusive in nature or that have failed to include the specific locations where the works will be undertaken, is a recipe for exposure.”

up-to-date meaning those working on a site can unknowingly disturb materials that could contain asbestos putting their health and the health of others at risk,” he said.

“There are multiple barriers currently preventing compliance when it comes to effective asbestos management including for hotel engineers who can often have control and management of a property if the principal contractor. As a general rule, while facility managers are responsible for managing maintenance including engaging tradies and contractors to work on commercial and non-residential properties, engineers need to ensure they are aware of the risks associated with exposure to asbestos and that all work is conducted in line with regulations. However, we’ve seen that some are unfamiliar with the specifics of asbestos management legislation, finding the regulations challenging to implement. Referring to multiple, cumbersome regulatory documents and searching for information across various websites just to gain a fundamental understanding of responsibilities and legal requirements; can be and time consuming,” Mr Batty said.

The FREE Asbestos Management Handbook for Commercial and Non-residential Properties can be downloaded from https:// asbestosawareness.com.au/commercial-properties/ This comprehensive, user-friendly information package provides clearly defined responsibilities and procedures in line with regulations to help engineers and facility managers to better understand and implement regulatory requirements. The Handbook contains essential information and the steps required to identify and manage asbestos safely including the importance of engaging an occupational hygienist or licensed asbestos assessor just as they would a licensed electrician. Importantly, the Handbook package provides engineers with guidance on the requirements for the development of Asbestos Management Plans and Asbestos Registers to ensure asbestos is identified and managed safely particularly when planning the refurbishment of a commercial hotel.

“One of the primary barriers to compliance has been an overall lack of knowledge of asbestos and the regulations required to manage it safely. And although awareness of asbestos and the mandatory requirements has improved across the board, we’re still seeing the ‘she’ll be right mate’ attitude with engineers and contractors continuing to ignore warnings because the risk of death from asbestos exposure isn’t as immediate as it is for other high-risk licenced work such as working with electricity.

“Asbestos is not a thing of the past. It’s very much an ever present hazard and engineers working in the hotel and hospitality sector should make it their business to take advantage of the Asbestos Management Handbook for Commercial and Non-residential Properties. They’ll find it a valuable tool to help improve their knowledge of asbestos and increase compliance across the sector,” said Mr Batty.

“The cost associated with asbestos management can also be a barrier. While engineers won’t hesitate to engage a licenced electrician to do essential electrical work, they forget that asbestos can be as big a risk, and balk at engaging the expertise needed to identify and manage asbestos in line with regulations,” Mr Batty said.

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“While few understand the purpose and application of Asbestos Management Plans, the primary issue we see is the lack of Asbestos Registers or the appropriate management of a Register that documents all confirmed or suspected ACMs in any commercial and non-residential property built or refurbished prior to 2004. “Although Asbestos Registers are mandatory and must be current and accessible to anyone working on a property including engineers; all too often they’re “missing in action” because they either haven’t been developed or were lost over time. Existing Registers are also often inaccurate and not kept

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CREATING HISTORY A night at the museum

SHARON PESTONJI I CIBSE BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MANAGER

The CIBSE ‘Night at the Museum’ setting was fitting indeed, where nine finalists from around the region made history, at the Australian Museum, showcasing their talent to enthusiastic members and guests on Thursday, 21st June 2018.

he finalists, who were whittled down from a record number of entrants across Australia and New Zealand travelled from Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide to proudly gain their place at the 2018 Young Engineers Awards, vying for one of the three top accolades for Building Services Engineering.

MEET THE FINALISTS In only its second year, the CIBSE Australia and New Zealand Young Engineers Awards programme has grown in support with numerous nominations from 13 first and second tier engineering consultancies plus entries from students across 5 universities in the region.

This year CIBSE mixed it up by introducing a third category, creating the Graduate of the Year and also adding a video component for each of the categories, with the support of awards sponsors AECOM, Northrop and Umow Lai. Property Council of Australia Policy Manager and Awards Judge, Frankie Muskovic commented, “It's great to see the next generation leaders so in tune with the challenges we face and the enormous opportunity technology presents.”

THE 2018 AWARD WINNERS ARE: Mark Griffin Award – Student of the Year Sharyn Blakemore Bachelor of Design Architecture Deakin University

(From left: David Mahony - AECOM Melbourne, Baoying Tong - AECOM Sydney, Sharyn Blakemore - Deakin University Melbourne, Melanie Finch - NDY Sydney, Brian Fung Northrop Sydney, Amanda Lam - Honeywell Melbourne, Andrew Edwards - University of Adelaide, Allan Soo - University of Technology Sydney)

Sharyn was awarded for her passionate video submission addressing why she considers building services engineering to be an art form. View video here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9EmP8KJXQg

about celebrating and recognising talent, it is also an opportunity for you to give something back.” Hear CIBSE ANZ Chair deliver his opening address: https://www. youtube.com/watch?v=3kanx1tNsio&feature=youtu.be

CIBSE ANZ Graduate of the Year Melanie Finch Project Engineer Norman Disney & Young Judges felt that Melanie’s entry demonstrated strong service to the industry, ambassadorial qualities and that she displayed enthusiasm for her work. The video component of her entry demonstrates where she feels the future of building services is heading and why she wants to be a part of the industry. View video here: https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=zRQtDbqKC4k Jack Pirie Award – Young Engineer of the Year Baoying Tong Graduate Engineer AECOM Judges were impressed with Baoying’s service to the community, innovation and leadership qualities presented with his nomination. His video entry outlines his future of buildings and cities. View video here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d22dgtsabM Each of the 2018 Award winners received a trophy, framed certificate and $1000 prize cheque courtesy of the award sponsors.

(Award winners from left: YEOTY Baoying Tong - AECOM, SOTY Sharyn Blakemore Deakin University, GOTY Melanie Finch - NDY)

There is enthusiasm to make these awards even bigger in 2019 with the support of AECOM who have committed to continue their sponsorship of the awards for the next two years. On the night, Technical Director, Gus Nainu talked of the importance of these awards in recognising talent, commenting “next year we want to double the size of this event.” In his opening keynote address, CIBSE ANZ Chair, Paul Angus encouraged delegates to make it a personal goal to become a mentor to a younger engineer saying that “Whilst this evening is

(CIBSE ANZ Chair: Paul Angus delivering his key note speech)

Guests were also entertained by unassuming Museum Exhibition Designer, Aaron Maestri who shared hidden treasures and stories locked into the museum’s history whilst Hames Sharley Director, Aldo Raadik shared the 2025 Masterplan for museum’s future growth. At the cost of approximately $285 million the Masterplan would increase the floor space from about 25,000m2 to around 40,000m2, more than tripling the gallery space.

The 2019 Young Engineers Awards will open for entries again in November providing students, young engineers, consultants, plus future sponsorship opportunities, plenty of time to get involved and make a difference to shape the future of our industry. The CIBSE Young Engineers Network is free to join, and open to anyone in the developmental stages of their career. To register log in here: https://cibse.force.com/CIBSE_login? retUrl=%2Fservices%2Foauth2%2Fauthorize%3Frespon se_type%3Dcode%26client_id%3D3MVG9WtWSKUDG. x6YiezZOHFIEpTmg7vhVj0I9DeO8UfQt3HK6kEHcb6eeg_Ysffx. iYbpt150I1S9O4bZIAE%26redirect_uri%3Dhttps://www.cibse. org/login.aspx, add Young Engineers Network to your ‘groups’. Go to ‘my preferences’ and select to receive correspondence from ‘your groups and networks’.

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zone is also nature’s odour and pathogen killer, but is also poisonous to all forms of life at the concentrations required to be effective, whilst Hydroxyls are not.

Nature has seen it fit to make our bodies immune to hydroxyls whilst leaving them extremely effective in killing single celled organisms such as bacteria, virus, mould and fungus spores. Hydroxyls can be easily reproduced by today’s technology from compact devices and is employed already in Hospitals, Food Manufacturing, Nursing Homes, Office blocks and a wide range of other applications to improve air quality and rid the air of airborne pathogens such as respiratory diseases and other bacteria that may contaminate and spread in food products or by surface contact with humans etc. Hydroxyls are also effective against a range of odours. They will eliminate ammonia based odours in roughly half the time it takes by natural dispersion. Hydroxyls are effective against Ethylene gas as well which is the gas given off by fruit and vegetables to promote ripening – bananas can be retarded from browning up to an extra four days by being stored in an area being controlled by a hydroxyl generator. Waste and decomposition gases can also be reduced by the presence of hydroxyls, and testing is currently underway for controlling obnoxious odours for Veterinarians and Pet accommodations – particularly Catteries. Hydroxyls have proven results in deodorising smoking smells. Of course, many odours are bacteria based as well – remove the bacteria & remove the odour. Hydroxyls have been known about and researched for some 100 years since Louis Pasteur first discovered them whilst researching why people living at high altitudes in sunny conditions were generally healthier than people living at sea level. Since then such organisations as the British Army have researched Hydroxyls as a method of combating germ warfare in the late 60’s and all papers and studies have confirmed the benefits of using

Hydroxyls, but not been able to reproduce them by compact means. It’s only in the last decade that technology has caught up with science and it’s been made possible to produce hydroxyls from a compact generator. What is a hydroxyl? It’s a water molecule (H²O) missing one of its Hydrogen atoms and because it’s in an unbalanced state, it seeks to replace its missing Hydrogen atom. These hydroxyl (OH-) molecules are attracted to single celled organisms in the air and on surfaces, attach to them and forcibly rip a Hydrogen atom from the cell wall. They are now H²O again – harmless water molecules. In the meantime, the cell wall of the organism has been ruptured and like a popped balloon, it dies. This is a very simple mechanical action. Bacteria & virus cannot become immune to it. Further, the Hydroxyl is indiscriminate on what Bacteria & Virus it chooses and thus they work on every and all strains. Several companies have hydroxyl generators on the market using different methods – but only the Baxx is completely maintenance and consumable free – www.baxx.com.au. By far the most successful method, invented by Baxx, passes air through a small cold plasma field to produce hydroxyls which then are distributed throughout the space by a strong fan. They do not require any maintenance or consumables other than electricity, and so they can be mounted high on a wall or from a ceiling to achieve maximum coverage across the space concerned. Some competitors must ground based units to allow filling and servicing, and thus do not achieve maximum coverage in the airspace above them. Baxx uses the natural water molecules in the air all around us and do not require topping up or chemicals or any other medium to perform their function in generating Hydroxyls, nor require any regular maintenance as do all competing brands. For more information visit www.baxx.com.au

Recent changes to EP&A Regs in NSW and how it

AFFECTS YOUR AFSS TREVOR BURROWS I NSW/ACT COMPLIANCE MANAGER, AESC

In 2016 the NSW Government responded to the statutory review to the Building Professionals Act 2005 with the intent to improve fire safety in new and existing buildings and strengthen the building regulation system.

LEGISLATIVE CHANGES

ANNUAL FIRE SAFETY STATEMENTS (AFSS)

he NSW Government introduced changes to the Environmental Planning and Assessment Regulation 2000 (EP&A Regulations) through the Environmental Planning and Assessment Amendment (Fire Safety and Building Certification) Regulation 2017 which came into effect on 1st October 2017.

There is now more onus on building owner’s involvement with the AFSS process to ensure that they are engaging the appropriate contractors to carry out their individual tasks, whether it be service and maintenance of essential safety measures or acting as the owner’s agent. One of the more difficult challenges faced is the fact that there is no regulatory framework to deem persons as competent fire safety practitioners, the owner is responsible in this interim period to consider each contractors competency, specific to the tasks that they are engaged for. How does an owner take responsibility for this in a triple net lease situation where the tenant is responsible for maintaining ESM? This would need to be clarified by owners for existing lease agreements to ensure that the lessee is considering competence of their various contractors.

These changes significantly impact how Annual Fire Safety Statements (AFSS) are issued for buildings as well as putting more onus on building owners with the AFSS process. The 8 key areas are as follows: • Introduction of competent fire safety practitioners (CFSP), with removal of the term “properly qualified person” • Submission of fire safety system plans and specifications and their retention on site in Class 2-9 buildings • Limited exemptions from compliance with the BCA for minor fire protection system works • New critical stage inspections for buildings where people sleep • Additional inspections by FRNSW in Class 2-3 buildings • Documenting, endorsing and checking non-standard fire safety designs (alternative solutions) for Class 1b-9 buildings • Fire safety statement assessments • Standardising the form of fire safety certificates and annual fire safety statements More information can be obtained from the NSW Government Department of Planning and Environment website. http://www.planning.nsw.gov.au/Policy-and-Legislation/ Buildings/Building-Regulation-and-Certification-Reform?acc_ section=fire_safety_regulation_reform

Other areas that prove to be difficult are getting owners to sign the AFSS as the owner or endorsing their agent to act on their behalf, in some cases the owners are based overseas or buildings are strata owned. There have been some cases where councils will not accept an AFSS signed by the strata manager, they expect the body corporate to sign. These constraints can significantly delay the AFSS submission. The changes have led to uncertainty and inconsistencies from Councils who are deemed to be the “gatekeepers” in the AFSS process in NSW. Submission of the AFSS can be somewhat of a bureaucratic nightmare with some councils and we believe that it is up to NSW Planning to ensure that councils and the industry are well advised in this transition period. Whilst NSW Planning are providing some guidelines we believe that they should be providing councils with specific direction in the AFSS processes. To date, we know of a number of councils in NSW who do not actively pursue an AFSS for buildings under their jurisdiction.

Nor will they provide essential safety measures (ESM) Schedules as required by the regulations, this makes it difficult for building owners and corporations who are trying to be proactive in issuing an AFSS for their building. Overall, we generally believe that these changes are being well accepted by most in the industry as it is seen to be a positive step in tidying up some grey areas that have existed previously and improving life safety for building occupiers.

COMPETENT FIRE SAFETY PRACTITIONER (CFSP) It appears that the NSW Government “put the cart before the horse” by implementing the changes before the CFSP regulatory framework was developed. As mentioned previously, this puts more responsibility on building owners to determine whether their contractors and agents are competent and fit for purpose for maintaining the essential safety measures (ESM) installed in their buildings. It is not uncommon to have more than a dozen different contractors maintaining ESM in a building and the onus is on the owner to consider and deem them competent in the interim period. http://www.planning.nsw.gov.au/~/media/Files/DPE/ Guidelines/selecting-a-competent-fire-safety-practitioner-aguide-for-building-owners-2017-10.ashx

whether or not there are systems installed in those buildings as a key factor. As an example, small buildings without sprinkler, detection or hydrant systems would be considered under a restricted level whereas large and/or complex building with these systems installed would be considered under a nonrestricted level. We are aware that the industry bodies are in constant communication with the relevant government departments to air concerns raised by them and their members.

LIKELY AFFECT FOR OTHER STATES AND TERRITORIES Recent tragedies and risk to lives from recent high-rise building fires has put a lot of focus on building fire safety as a whole and it is likely that other states and territories may follow suit to these recent changes in NSW. Pressure placed on Federal, State Governments and Councils may influence decisions for a review in light of the recent, significant incidents involving cladding fires both here and overseas.

ABOUT ME Over 30 years in the fire industry, 17 years as a career fire officer before moving into consulting in the private sector. Currently NSW/ACT Compliance Manager with AESC.

STANDARDISING FORMS The changes have introduced standard forms for Fire Safety Certificates and Annual Fire Safety Statements to ensure consistency of the content and presentation. These forms came into effect on 1st December 2017. These standard forms are readily available through the NSW Planning and some council’s websites. These forms cannot be altered from the NSW Government template, although we have seen examples of Councils issuing them on their own letterhead as part of the reminder sent out to the building owner. http://www.planning.nsw.gov.au/~/media/Files/DPE/Other/ annual-and-supplementary-fire-safety-statement-form-2017. ashx

1-2 AUGUST 2018 Gold Coast Convention and Exhibition Centre

http://www.planning.nsw.gov.au/~/media/Files/DPE/Other/firesafety-certificate-form-2017.ashx

INDUSTRY BODIES INVOLVEMENT Industry bodies such as Fire Protection Association Australia (FPAA) are working hard and desperately trying to introduce a transitional accreditation scheme to enable persons to be deemed a CFSP in this interim period, until such a time that the proper accreditation framework can be developed and implemented. I have been part of an industry reference group made up of over 20 members from across the industry working on developing assessment questions for a range of examinations. The intent is to have a few levels of competence based on the size and/or complexity of the buildings and

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Dealing with the cost challenges of

ELECTRICAL ENERGY

COLIN KINSEY I POWER SYSTEMS ANALYST, POWER PARAMETERS PTY LTD

Reducing electricity costs is increasingly requiring the attention of the engineering department. An energy and power quality survey, a relatively low- cost affair, is a good way to scope the opportunities for savings, in particular kVA demand charges.

he monthly electricity bill for your facility isn’t going down any time soon. The reason is simple enough—it’s the increasing retail margins. Not to waste your time on the politics, but the plain facts are that energy generation cost are about a quarter of your tariff and, truly, there are no savings in sight on the network side.

MANY CONSUMERS ON UNBUNDLED TARIFFS PAY HIGH MONTHLY DEMAND CHARGES To get costs down, hard bargaining has a place, but so have engineering efforts, the salient one for your facility very likely being power factor correction. The kilowatt-hours purchased monthly are reduced by high efficiency lighting (very likely that is already in place) and properly running HVAC, the latter getting more comment further down. Reductions of the energy bill are also available with solar photo-voltaic (PV) panels. These may already be installed, but more energy savings may be available to you, also requiring an engineering solution. There is also a new potentially costly development—charging for electric cars. It deserves a brief word in the conclusion. Large consumers, generally above 600 megawatt-hours annually, have unbundled tariffs in which network costs are separately charged. In addition to the network charges (they cover so-called ‘technical’ losses—energy lost in the distribution network)—there are demand charges, generally in kilovoltamps (kVA). Power factors less than 1.00 are the rule for most consumers. A principal cause for lower power factors is motors, for example, compressors and fans in HVAC. The kVA demand is calculated by dividing kilowatts (kW) by the power factor.

Network companies lose more energy as a result. A power factor of 0.8, for example increases network losses by 56%. No wonder then that they are charging monthly kVA charges typically around $15 to $25 per kVA per month. For many consumers this can add 20% or more to their bill.

POWER FACTOR CORRECTION IS OFTEN SHORT PAYBACK INVESTMENT Power factor correction (PFC) is an engineering solution and means capital expenditure. In many cases where PFC is invested in, the payback in electricity savings is of the order of 3 to 4 years but that is a reasonably conservative assessment. However, the selection for the PFC equipment must be made with caution. It’s not that there is bad equipment around—on the contrary—Australian suppliers are generally providing good quality equipment, but-----!! Yes, it’s a very important BUT—nothing should be purchased until a power analysis has been done. It’s a given that your facility will have three-phase supply and it’s also more than likely that the three phases are not balanced for much of the time. The older an electrical installation is the more likely it is unbalanced. Therein lies a trap when it comes to kVA tariffs. But first, let’s go over the metering. The kilowatts (and therefore kilowatt-hours) and the kVA are metered as the sum of the three phases. The metering interval is either 15 or 30 minutes. In the case of kilowatts, it’s the electronically summed amount of kW-hours. For kVA, it’s the peak value in one of the two metering intervals. It is that momentary peak in kVA that

will determine your monthly bill. But wait, there’s more. There are punitive tariffs around—if the customer exceeds a certain kVA level, the monthly charge is based on that value for twelve months (provided there isn’t a further new peak in kVA) before the meter is ‘reset’.

POWER FACTOR CORRECTION FOR UNBALANCED CIRCUITS If you’re not familiar with PFC here is how it works in outline, as per fig 1, which shows a right-angle triangle. The horizontal edge represents kilowatts, the hypotenuse is the kVA, the vertical edge is kilovolt amps (reactive)—kVAr. It’s obvious from the figure that if the kVAr are brought to zero, then the kVA is the same as the kW, and that is a power factor of 1.00. Getting the kVAr to zero or as low as possible is the job of PFC. Capacitors provide negative kVAr but in order to have a working system, some sort of controller has to figure out how much negative kVAr to supply.

Fig 2. The ideal way of controlling power factor is to separately correct each phase

MORE OPPORTUNITIES TO SAVE ENERGY COST ON SOLAR Your job will have been made easier by having had a power analysis done, as this provides the basic support for your PFC proposal. If you have solar PV generation, the PFC may well have additional benefits. Network companies now impose restrictions on solar PV systems of more than 30 kW, wanting the PV system to supply negative kVAr. Let’s say that your power factor is 0.8, and you are required to supply that from the solar system, then the kilowatts available are reduced by 20% (see fig 3)! Installing a PFC as already covered, can reduce your electricity bill AND allow your solar PV system to pump out maximum energy, providing a WIN-WIN and often good payback scenario.

Fig 1 showing the relationship between kVA, kW and kVAr. Power factor is the ratio kW/ kVA. By reducing kVAr, power factor moves toward 1.00

The trap in PFC is this; most systems provide the same amount of negative kVAr to each of the three phases. If the electrical installation is balanced then this is perfectly OK. However, if it’s not balanced, what then? Well, first of all, the controller mentioned above has to figure out, which phase is the worst— but then the next challenge is to figure out the negative kVAr for THAT phase. In fig 2 the ideal correction method is shown. The power factor for each phase is continually measured, i.e. there are three controllers, one for each phase, and there are three negative kVAr sources, each continually adjusted to give the correct value for THAT phase. As mentioned the negative kVAr are generated by capacitors (the higher the value of capacitance, the larger the negative kVAr) but to ‘follow’ changes in electrical load small changes are often required, and they have to be made in small steps and very quickly. Sorting out the required PFC for your facility is your job, requiring close reading of specifications.

Fig 3. The output of a solar PV system is reduced by requiring it to generate its own kVAr (the dotted horizontal line)

MONITORING HVAC CAN SAVE A BUNDLE IN ENERGY AND MAINTENANCE Climate control can account for 40% of electricity costs. Monitoring the electrical current, voltage, and power drawn by the HVAC compressor pump motors, and condenser fan motors is an excellent method for spotting excessive energy use and incipient problems. In fig 4, a switchboard voltage, current and power monitoring system is shown, taking virtually no space, as it is low profile and sits on top of circuit breakers in switchboards. Regular HVAC maintenance is generally at the mechanical end, but the electrical parameters are usually not checked unless there is a suspicion that the systems are not functioning properly. Even then, a compressor motor might be replaced needlessly because the reason for its failure has not

been detected, for example, voltage imbalance thus setting you up for another shortened life span of the replacement.

GET READY FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGING Electric vehicles are in the news even if sales are low at present. Hybrids take care of their own battery charging (they have low capacity batteries) but plug-in electric vehicles (PHEV) have to be charged externally. If your facility hasnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t as yet got chargers in your parking area, then in due course you will most likely have to install them or third parties will. Overnight guests may be able to use slow charging, basically alternating current (AC) charging. The AC method uses the vehicleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s AC to direct current (DC) converter to charge batteries, but it is a slow method. Conference attendees, basically with you for a few hours, require a fast charge and this is a high power 400 volt plus DC charging method. Sub-distribution boards for the garage and outdoor parking may well have to be upgraded. Further, many of the chargers, if not all, have serious harmonic distortionâ&#x20AC;&#x201D; they draw a highly distorted current, causing problems with thermal protection relays on switchboards. They can also cause you to incur excessive demand costs as initial charging current on fast charge is very high compared to average.

Fig 4, a switchboard current, voltage, and power monitoring system (shown in the red outline)

To conclude: the job of engineering staff is likely to be more challenging in the fast-changing market conditions pertaining to the National Electricity Market (NEM). To ensure you are aware of opportunities to reduce electrical energy costs, an excellent way to scope these is to have an energy and power quality audit done.

BACK OF HOUSE

July 2018

he matter of lawn cutting was getting to me. The head gardener and I were not seeing things in the same light. And being an Island community there were the ladies to contend with; particularly the wives of Department Heads and you will understand that many of these ladies had little to do except to wander around the gardens and lawns, noting all of interest and much of not. All to be passed on, if and when and so on, and so forth. Now you must understand that the lawns, long since any of the staff could remember had been hand mown by, at best, the old push reel mowers. At worst, you really don’t want to know. And you will further understand the fierce rivalry in the Gardening group twixt the several mower teams. Imagine if you will, slim semi-naked sweat covered dark brown bodies, topped by sweat covered heads with extraordinarily evil hungry eyes alive for one purpose only, to get past that fella up front! Which is to say the opposition. As Don Bradman would have said, “Get that son of a gun and get him now!” So be it, and so was the grass dismembered. Until, as the man said, until change came to the Hotel lawn cutting team; or rather a new Head of Engineering stepped in. Him being alack also Head over-all of the Gardeners nee lawn cutters. Funny thing is, those who sign on for Chief, or Head of Engineering, or which ever, somehow find themselves bedevilled with cutting grass, or trimming wicks, or tuning ancient transmitters, or bemusing the pet quadruped of the GM’s wife, or advising Head of Accounting on the gentle art of hallucination, so on. My own first day in the role of CE was to extract pink toilet rolls from blocked drains. I mean to say.... Anyhow and back to the story-line, I had recently come to know a US book by manufacturers marketing to the Hotel Industry with just about every nut, bolt, gadget, and connection you could imagine. And here-in to my great joy was a chapter on lawn-mowers!!!!! Every darn mower rig designed since McCormick Deering, and that, dear listener,

NEIL WEENINK

goes back quite some time. So I eagerly turned pages and here were photos of them all, and I kid you not, the humble grass mower has seen it all. But then horror of horrors, in my excitement I dropped the book in full reach of The Ladies. Which as you might imagine, began something akin to a frenzy of feminine ardour: That’s the machine for Willy don’t you know, and Look, Frank would look divine on that one, and begoora Tammi just suits the red machine I know! And much more of the same. But then Authority in the guise of myself interfered. Ho Ho say I, What’s all this a-goings-on? Now hear me all: you can have a mower out of the book of your collective choice, bearing in mind you must face the twin financial towers of the Chief of all Accountants and the Hotel Manager Supremo, or the humble and entirely agreeable Chief of all Engineers who firmly believes his word is near enough his bond. Now of course it went without saying that the old Chief [me] won that round. But there was much more to follow, and so I led off: The Yellow Pages [as the book of info was loosely named] gives us much scope for info and debate. And it was noted the leaning towards John Deere and Toro as the mowers of major interest. Well, the matter went on and on. The good news for the non-directly-concerned was the wonderful grass cutting in progress regardless. Of course there were Books entered as to whom and which and at what odds, [and the ladies were keen to witness the state of the grass cuttings viz mulching projects, a hitherto unknown endeavour of their species.] So too the mower blade shape, someone said Parson's Turbinia steam blading had an input. And the person/horse power effort associated. The GM was heard to remark it was all a load of utter hogwash……… And then came The Day. There was the magnificent field of uncut grass. The line up of village mower pushers, many of whom had grown up with scythes. [And really there is nothing, nay nothing as sharp as a well tended scythe blade.]

So they came up to the line. Old Bret naturally headed the village as being the one who from times past had snitched the best. Dear old Bret, now by all accounts up there with the Master of all Scythes. Then the fellow Whitten known for his keen bladed shears, and speed of his cut. Not to mention his close relative Wittenborrow, who despite all, was also a classic cutter. And so forth.... The GM blew his whistle, the girls screamed, and it was on. Surely no hotel before or since, has witnessed such a picture of hotel staff and friends launch with such vigour against the humble turf. But hark! What noise is this? For out of the afternoon gloaming come two machines of the new century. Son of a gun and blast me pink, the story of push-me-pull-me is suddenly of another time: the internal combustion device has arrived. Well ugh and blast and hold on for new fangled batteries, and 50 metre wind turbines, and solar panel acreage; for here are the machines right now for you to cut those lawns like Wittenborrow never did. Utterly true story. On the beautiful Island of Saipan some many years ago, when I first became aware there was more to a Hotel's Head of Engineering than fitting the correct nut to a lonely bolt. Good night and good luck, Neil Weenink

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For more information on the Airepure BLU Hybrid 100 series or 300 series filters, please visit www.airepure.com.au or call 1300 886 353

Fluidra Australia, an Australian benchmark in Pool & Wellness Fluidra Australia aims to provide the best-quality equipment for commercial and private swimming pools and spas at competitive prices. Since beginning manufacturing gas pool heaters in the 1990’s, we've become one of Australia's leading suppliers of the highest quality swimming pool and spa products. Being a local manufacturer, we are able to produce equipment specifically for the Australian climate. Our production process incorporates

injection moulding, rotational moulding, CNC sheet metal fabrication, powder coating and advanced assembly techniques. All products are designed in-house by their research and development team using advanced 3D modelling and computeraided design systems and manufactured at the Melbourne factory.

For more information please contact AstralPool/ Fluidra Australia’s Marketing Dept. marketing@astralpool.com.au

Introducing Disc Electrical Disc Electrical has been in existence for over 30 years providing electrical services to the hotel industry. The name DISC derives from Data, Industrial, Security & Communications which are all major electrical services that the hotel industry requires. Over the years Disc has grown into one of the most professional electrical contractors servicing many of the primary hotels in and around Sydney. With a passion for opportunities to improve, Disc is often at the cutting edge of technology when it comes to Energy Efficient products and services. Whether it is offering the latest in LED Lighting technology, conducting Energy Lighting Audits or in room energy control, we at Disc put energy efficiency and saving money as a priority to our clients. We can arrange through our Approved Certificate Providers (ACP) partners to estimate and calculate the value of the Energy Saving Certificates (ESC) that your site could claim during a lighting upgrade thus reducing the overall project costs. While Disc offer these services we are also competent in a range of other electrical services such as power factor correction installation & servicing and installation of data, security, fibre & communication cabling. We also offer access control, CCTV and other areas of security as well, along with main switch board

& distribution board upgrades and modifications. We can also arrange to data log your power usage which seems of late to be a growing interest in the hotel industry. Disc Electrical can also do emergency lighting test and repairs to the AS2293.2, to ensure safe evacuation of guests should this be required. Some of the project work we have undertaken of recent times are: • Four Seasons – Grand ballroom lighting and new dimming system, new banquet kitchen. • Park Hyatt – Events and pastry kitchens. • Westin Hotel – Retro fit USB and powerpoints in over 400 rooms. • Urban Winery – Complete makeover of an old theatre in the entertainment quarter, providing new switchboard, lighting, power outlets, CCTV, security and the latest in digital signage. Should you require any more information or would like to contact us please email info@discelectrical.com.au or phone Mark Cheadle 0418 410 541, Trent Cumines 0410 308 670. www.discelectrical.com.au.

Water Water everywhere Accidents happen. The overflowing bath tub, burst pipe or rain and flood, are all too familiar to everyone in the industry. There’s no escaping the inevitable. Fortunately, the Nero Carpet Blower is standing by. Simple to manoeuvre with an easy-tilt handle, weighing in at only 14.5 kilograms with an extra- long 10 metre cable, makes it a breeze to use for anyone on staff day or night. The user-friendly clips hold rugs in place or lift carpet to ensure wide and even circulation of hot air for rapid drying. Guest disruption is minimised, risk is mitigated and workplace safety practiced as damp and wet patches evaporate into thin air. For more information please visit www.weatherdon.com.au

THE REVOLUTIONARY COMMERCIAL FILTRATION MEDIA THAT WILL SAVE YOU TIME AND MONEY OC-1 SAVES YOU MONEY Return on investment in 12-18 months due to the unique filtration method, enabling pump speeds to be reduced, whilst maintaining required Flow Rate through filters. Further savings are maximised through less chemical usage and less heat loss of pool water.

OC-1 INCREASES PERFORMANCE OC-1 has a Unique filtration method providing huge debris retention - up to 20 times the capacity of sand or glass and can even filter down to 1 Micron

OC-1 Filtration Media

OC-1 SAVES YOU POWER

OC-1 is an open cell media that has very low resistance to allow more water to be turned over in a pool. It has a huge capacity to store debris and matches the filtration quality of sand and glass filter media. However unlike all other media, the flow rate will not slow down once a small amount of dirt is caught, therefore optimising your filtration system and resulting in healthier water for you and your clients.

The proven, scientific design and ability, means extended Back Washing cycles which translates into thousands of litres saved annually

OC-1 SAVES YOU TIME Extended back washing cycles along with faster back washing, due to open cell design, not only saves water but hours in staff time. And hours in staff time = money saved.

OC-1 PRAGA FILTERS ARE NOW AVAILABLE

Find out more about this revolutionary product at astralpool.com.au/OC1