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2
3
4
1
http://www.ncc.gov.tw/chinese/files/09081/1139_11636_090812_1.doc 2009/11/30 5
6
2
T&D
39 7
1
2
3
2006
6
4
21 8
9
4
1999 7 16 24 the very foundations of their own conduct that the ultimate good desired is better reached by free trade in ideas -- that the best test of truth is the power of the thought to get itself accepted in the competition of the market, and that truth is the only ground upon which their wishes safely can be carried out. see Abrams v. United States, 250 U.S. 616, 630 1919 . 10
5
6 7 8
4 34 14
24
34
36 15 11
9
Flint Zide, Comment, Government Speech That Interferes with Individual First Amendment Rights, 21 SW.U.L.Rev.241,257 1992 10 Mark G. Yudof, When Government Speaks: Toward a Theory of Government Expression and the First Amendment, 57 Tex.L.Rev.863,866 1979 12
13
14
12
8
2005
12
68 13
8 2005
12
163 15
14
See Shinan Govani, Product Placement in Movies—Is It Really So Bad?, The Christian Science Monitor, Februrary 10, 1999, 22 7
15
2004 4 13 C3 Pete Brady,TV takes prohibitionist payola CANNABIS CULTURE MAGAZINE, June 17 2000, available at http://www.cannabisculture.com/articles/1524.html 2010/2/23 . 16
16
17
NCC
99.6
1
18
59
2007
7
http://www.tvkeeper.org.tw/index.php?Itemid=26&id=131&option=com_content&task =view 2010/2/22 . 19
22 17
16
20
Pete Brady,TV takes prohibitionist payola,CANNABIS CULTURE MAGAZINE, June 17 2000, at http://www.cannabisculture.com/articles/1524.html 2010/2/23 . 21 3 56 18
22
23
19
24
2005 12
119
143
144
147 2005 20
12
180
25 26
184
182 185
184 21
27
185 186
28
186
29
2005
12
181 22
30
2004 24
193 23
31
32
2003/12/06 http://city.udn.com/125/248702?tpno=244&cate_no=125 2010/2/22 18 24
33
2
34 35 36
8 10 6 25
37
6
19
6
9
9
22 38
2007 2008
1
7
14
15 26
39
15
40
http://ethic.commarts.fju.edu.tw/cedb/%E6%B3%95%E8%A6%8F/%E7%AF%80%E7%9B%AE%E5 %BB%A3%E5%91%8A%E5%8C%96%E6%88%96%E5%BB%A3%E5%91%8A%E7%AF%80%E7 %9B%AE%E5%8C%96%E8%AA%8D%E5%AE%9A%E5%8E%9F%E5%89%87.htm 2009/12/2 27
28
41
162
87.3 71.9
3 42
78
79 2003 3 27 http://old.npf.org.tw/PUBLICATION/IA/092/IA-C-092-054.htm 2010/2/25
http://www.cdn.com.tw/daily/2005/10/06/text/941006i2.htm 2010/2/25 29
43 44
22 3
137 37
138 38
45
30
46
T. BARTON CARTER, MARC A. FRANKLIN, JAY B. WRIGHT, The First Amendment and The Fifth Estate, Regulation of Electronic Mass Media, Sixth Edition, 2003 by Foundation Press, p323-326. 47 47 CFR 73.1212 98 2009 10 38 31
48
grassroots lobbying
41 2006 49
5 spending power
70 Making appropriations for Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2004, and for other purposes. Sec. 601. No part of any appropriation contained in this Act shall be used for publicity or propaganda purposes not authorized by the Congress. available at http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=108_cong_public_laws&docid=f:publ1 99.108 visited 2010/3/2 32
GAO
United States Government Accountability Office, B-303495, Office of National Drug Control Policy -- Video News Release January 4, 2005 , available at http://www.gao.gov/decisions/appro/303495.pdf visited 2010/3/2 See Principles of Federal Appropriations Law: 3rd Edition, Volume I, GAO-04-261SP, January 1, 2004, available at http://www.gao.gov/special.pubs/d04261sp.pdf visited 2010/3/2 B-147578, Nov. 8, 1962, available at http://redbook.gao.gov/5/fl0020639.php visited 2010/3/2 54 See e.g. B-302710, May 19, 2004. Materials such as editorials or other articles prepared by an agency or its contractors at the behest of the agency and circulated as the ostensible position of parties outside the agency. A critical element of the violation is concealment from the target audience of the agency’s role in sponsoring the material. 55 See e.g. B-304716, Sept.30, 2005. 33
56
B-303495, Jan. 4, 2005 47
48
2006
5
57
58
B-223098, B-223098.2, Oct. 10,1986,
56 34
48
49
59
31Comp. Gen. 311 1952 , 56 49 B-184648, Dec.3, 2075, 56 50 61 B-147578, Nov. 8, 1962, available at http://redbook.gao.gov/5/fl0020639.php 2010/3/8 . 62 56 50 35 60
63
DIRECTIVE 2007/65/EC, available at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2007:332:0027:0045:EN:PDF 2010/3/18
64
Member States shall ensure, where television advertising or teleshopping is inserted during programmes, that the integrity of the programmes, taking into account natural breaks in and the duration and the nature of the programme, and the rights of the right holders are not prejudiced. 65 3 66
36
67 68
26 320
321
Radio Advertising Standards Code
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69
38
70
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2006
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