Mojatu Nottingham Magazine M034 by Mojatu Magazines

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KILIMANJARO SMILE TO THE SUMMIT Lee Neary & Ã&#x2026;sa Svensson 20th - 28th Dec 2019 KNIFE CRIME & Gangs Benefits of MEDITATION

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Editor’s Welcome

Contents

African communities across the country, particularly in Nottingham, have raised concerns regarding the poor academic performance among their children and young people compared to other communities. Multiple researches show that numerous complex problems cause these problems.

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Multiple researches show that most African pupils excel at primary level and show intelligence and competence to succeed in education. However, their performance drops once they enter secondary school leading to difficulties in higher and further education and poor opportunities in life. This problem is especially prominent among children born outside the UK and joined their parents in the country at an early age.

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One leading group seeking to improve performance of African students in schools is Tailored Education Community Consultancy Service (TECCS) who are highly experienced in teaching field and supporting pupils, students and parents.

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TECCS offers one-to-one teaching and school support in English, Maths and Sciences based on the national curriculum. They support those requiring more attention through group teaching sessions, individual and personalised support. This is within a socially friendly environment where children are introduced to understanding wider values of sharing, caring and mentoring. Children with higher academic standards are encouraged to help others, especially the younger ones to inculcate responsibility in them at a tender age. They also support parents and guardians in understanding the British education framework and how best to support their children to succeed in education at all levels and in life. Learn more about TECCS www.teccs.org.uk or contact them on info@ teccs.org.uk. Managing Editor pa@mojatu.com

Editorial

Smile to the Summit ............................................... 4-5 Pastor Samuel Interview ....................................... 6-7 Africa’s Refugee Policy ............................................... 8 Community Tackling Emerging Threats .............................. 10-11 Socialise ........................................................................13 Arts & Culture Knife Crime & Gangs ......................................... 14-15 The Game Changer ............................................ 16-17 Saffron Restaurant ............................................. 18-19 Benefits of Meditation .............................................20 What is Maternal Mortality ....................................21 Mental Health ...................................................... 22-23 Business and Finance Zimbabwe Economy .................................................24 Education Keeping Children away from Vulnerabilities 26-27

Cover

Lee Neary Photo By Lee Neary

Mojatu Foundation Disclaimer The views expressed in this magazine are not necessarily those of the publishers. Every effort has been made to ensure that the contents of this magazine are accurate but the publisher cannot take responsibility for errors, omissions, nor can we accept responsibility for the advertisements or editorial contributions.

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News & Sports

SMILE TO THE SUMMIT By Lee Neary

For almost three decades, Stockholm based adventurer-philantropist Lee Neary (34) has dreamt of pitting himself against the diverse climates and formidable altitude of Mt. Kilimanjaro (5,895m), Tanazania.

ascent of Kilimajaro along the Lemosho Route – acclaimed for its high success rate and beauty. ”Sure, we’re pretty nervous, excited and under no illusion that this will be a walk in the park, so to speak. Neither of us have tried summiting a volcano before.” Lee replied when asked how preparations for the trip were going, ”I don’t think you can ever be ready enough for something like this, but we’re all in. We’ve been training avidly on our local ski slope and nature reserves around Stockholm and trust that our guide group, Homeland Adventures, will help us to rise to the challenge.”

Now, concluding a year of careful planning and collaboration with Inventia Travel, Lee and his girlfriend, Åsa Svensson (33), will finally make their way to East Africa in December 2019 to embark on the challenge of a life time. Commencing 20th December 2019, the swashbuckling couple will start their western

Smile Mission are a Swedish-Ugandan based non-profit organization looking to make a progressive impact on disenfranchised communities around sub-saharan Africa. Chairman, Duncan Njuki, states that, ”everybody has the right to smile, if you feel as though you have nothing else – a smile can be

Nottingham connected a good start towards making change.” The Smile to the Summit event is scheduled as a fundraising opportunity towards the organization’s latest project, Her Choice, which aims to improve standards of sanitary products and education amongst Ugandan schoolgirls. ”Things can not continue this way”, Lee stressed on the issue, ”no human on earth should be shamed or denied their right to education under any circumstance – especially as consequence of nature.” Follow the couple’s adventure on Facebook, Instagram or the Smile Mission website http:// smilemission.se

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PASTOR SAMUEL EZEKIEL THOMAS INTERVIEW By FMB Radio Team

Mojatu Foundation and its affiliates has been providing a platform for people within the community with issues of great concern affecting them either socially, spiritually or psychologically. It is in this regard that the foundation through a thorough research, thought it befitting to extend arm of solidarity to partners within the vicinity who contribute immensely in the uplift of lives of those challenged; among them a pastor who gives hope and counselling to the people of his congregation. Pastor Samuel Ezekiel Thomas is described as a man of exemplary character and leads his people through a spiritual journey. He has been preaching for decades at the Full Gospel Revival Centre, located on the corner of Bathley Street and Lamcote Grove in the Meadows, Nottingham; which recently celebrated fifty years of existence. Pastor Samuel doubles as a hospital chaplain on a part time basis at the Wells Road Centre and at the Highbury Hospital, and also offers counselling to some people with issues of mental health at the Thorneywood Court and other places. We caught up with him for an interview on the a very important topic dealing with Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) which affects some members of the BAME community. We began by sounding his understanding of FGM and its implications and this is how it followed: Pastor Samuel: People suffer from it dearly particularly women. It is unfortunate since it’s been done from an age when they have no understanding of the consequences neither the authority to stop it. They have to do it because it’s the parents’ decision. Sometimes the material they use is not sterilised and it leaves permanent after effects. They suffer from sickness and other infirmities. So, my job as a pastor is to stand by the people who are trying to stop it.

In fact, how did you come to know about it? Well I attended workshops and seminars, organised by the Mojatu Foundation; who are leading the crusade in the fight against its practice. It had been amazing and the personnel are very qualified. Discussions were centred around the harm and permanent injury that it causes to many of our children and also adults who suffered from it when they were children and continue to suffer from it. Some of them won’t get married because they cannot cope with the pain of childbirth. I was so enlightened that I immediately decided that this is an area I have to get involved in. Whether I could pull the whole church behind it or not but as a pastor, I have to. Fortunately, when I shared it with my church, I found out they were interested as well. Why do you think it’s important for Faith Leaders to be involved with tackling FGM? I think church leaders should be involved because of the injury and the ill health that it is causing to its victims. There are so many individuals who have gone through that situation and many are having difficulties having children, some with a morbid feeling that comes over them while others suffer in great pain in their sexual life. It has a permanent effect on their health and so I feel as a faith leader, the scripture is very clear and plain about health and our bodies. We should look after our bodies; we should eat the right thing and make sure that we’re not doing things that are harming the body. The body is the temple of God and should be kept holy and so anyone who destroys the temple of God (which is our body) is affecting our creator. We should be involved in tackling FGM, so that we can have a better World for the children and adults who have to suffer from it.

Nottingham connected What changes would you like to see? To change the mindset of the people who are carrying out the action. It is really destroying our young people because the equipment used could be a razor blade, not sterilised, or even a sharp knife. It is atrocious to just imagine and think of what some of these children have to go through. So, the action that I would like to see is to stop it and those who carry it out be prosecuted. I’m sure that would bring out some fear or concern to them. They personally think that they are doing the right thing for the child, but they are sincerely wrong. It is illegal and should be denounced by the practitioners or face the consequence for doing it. That I feel will put a sense of fear in them to stop it. Do you think it would be beneficial to introduce it into our educational system in order to introduce it to young people? Absolutely, our young people should be educated because there is no one more qualified and suitable (than Mojatu) to help to promote this to young people. If they are given a good knowledge of what’s happening, I’m sure it is something they will detest so much and that they will do everything they can to convince the people practicing it. I think our young people need educating, they need to know about this as they are ignorant of it. I have been to seminars where we have heard doctors and different experienced people talking about it and they need to get involved in promoting its inclusion in our school system. Do you think there is a beneficial way to do that? What would be the way to transmit the message forward? By publicising/sending the information to the authorities because I don’t think they are educated enough in this field. There should be a lot of publicity materials with regards to what is happening, making it very clear and apparent so that they know. Introduce them to the idea that what we’re saying is good and we want them to come campaign, then enlighten the schools/colleges. It should be

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injected into the education system. There are so many things that are being introduced into our educational system with less relevance as of FGM. I think they need to get advice from people like Mojatu and people from a higher level that can help. We need to get it into our educational system. It should be one of the real subjects that are introduced. So how can people get to know about your church? We send out thousands of leaflets everywhere and we hold programs on radio stations as well. People come in and we have leaflets of different organisations and what they’re doing. We have four important conferences and conventions throughout the year We have one for the ladies in January and one in May for the youth. We’re very much involved in the community. We organise community barbecue and people come from everywhere and enjoy free dinner, a burger, a hot dog or whatever. It costs us a lot, but we don’t look at that. As a community church, we also put on a Christmas dinner, for free, where all the senior citizens can come along and have a free dinner. We can use all that to promote the church, people come to the church because they know a nice meal is available for them; some stay after the meal while others don’t. We do quite a lot to promote the church.

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News & Sports

AFRICA’S REFUGEE POLICY STILL LEADS

By Tsion Tadesse Abebe , Allehone Abebe And Marina Sharpe ‘‘Despite the continent’s own social, economic and security challenges, African governments and people have kept borders, doors and hearts open to millions in need. Africa has set the gold standard for solidarity on refugee response”. These were the words of the United Nations SecretaryGeneral António Guterres during the African Union (AU) summit in Addis Ababa in February. At the end of 2018, there were roughly 7.4 million refugees and asylum seekers in Africa. This is 10 times more refugees than in 1969 when the then Organization of African Unity (OAU) adopted the Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa. Ratified by 46 of the AU’s 55 member states, the convention is one of the most widely accepted regional treaties in Africa. It has substantially shaped African refugee policymaking and practice in four key areas: Its broadened definition of a refugee: The definition includes factors beyond those in the 1951 UN Refugee Convention that may force people to flee, for example ‘external aggression, occupation, foreign domination or events seriously disturbing public order.’ This provision has informed national refugee laws of

several African countries including Angola, Ghana, Malawi, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania and Uganda. Refugees who have obtained protection due to the expanded definition include those fleeing South Sudan and Somalia. Informing the prima facie approach to refugee status determination: An individual’s refugee status is recognised on the basis of a presumption of inclusion within the relevant refugee definition. This is especially relevant to Africa where conflict remains the leading driver of refugees, and the previously used individual determination method can overwhelm host states. Creating a platform for ‘opendoor policies’ of African countries: The convention is credited with laying the foundation for African states’ generosity in hosting large numbers of refugees. In 2017, African countries were among

the world’s top 10 refugee hosts, including Uganda, Ethiopia and Sudan. These countries are qualified to receive resources from the World Bank International Development Association as they are amongst the poorest globally. Given that most African refugees flee to neighbouring countries, the openness of these states to host is significant. Providing a template for burden and responsibility sharing: The convention provides a template for regional burden and responsibility sharing which was considered ‘innovative for its time’. Article II (4) states that ‘where a member state finds difficulty in continuing to grant asylum to refugees, it can appeal directly to other member states and through the OAU now AU, and such other member states shall in the spirit of African solidarity and international cooperation take appropriate measures to lighten the burden of the member state granting asylum’.

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10 Community

TACKLING EMERGING THREATS TO CHILDREN IN NOTTINGHAMSHIRE FMB Radio Team

Ben Osifu works for the Tackling Emerging Threats to Children team for Nottinghamshire County Council. The Tackling Emerging Threats to Children team are specialists in the Children and Families department who have vast knowledge in the areas of child sexual exploitation, FGM, online safety, physical activity and obesity. They also work with schools in keeping young people safe, around various agendas. Ben who focuses on Risk Taking Behaviour, works with schools and young people in making sure that they have the right level of information to make informed choices and keep themselves safe. In other to highlight his contributions within the community, Mr Osifu was delighted to grant us this interview. We began by asking him how he starts his day at work? Ben Osifu: coming to work every day is brilliant. We do this job because we’re passionate about making an impact on the lives of young people. Working with partners or working with young people in getting them understand the various threats and challenges outside they face in society, but also getting them understand how they can keep themselves safe, fit and healthy. We promote what we call the health triangle, which is trying to highlight the links between physical activity, diet and nutrition and sleep. Eat well, exercise well, sleep well… gives you a good lifestyle. What are the greatest challenges you face in your work? I guess like any other organisation we have challenges, but the beauty is how we can overcome anything that comes across. I’m pretty much an optimist, so I don’t go around thinking I have problems, I think about how I can get over those. It could be anything from a young person not wanting to engage with you, in which case it’s all about building that

relationship. Life is all about relationships. Young people will not learn from you if they don’t like you and if you can’t connect with them. I see life as being all about relationships and challenges; it could be working with partners and getting them to understand and for all of us to sing from the same hymn sheet. But the beauty of this line of work is that every day throws up a different challenge that you just have to get over. At the end of the day it’s about keeping young people safe. How do you address the challenges? Head on, the only way to get from A to B is by taking one step after the other. Like any challenge, I guess, it’s taking a step back, getting a hold of your thoughts and trying to identify the best way to tackle it, or best formula or approach. Like anything it’s about relationships and trust, some are easy, some are not. With social media growing over the last decade, and continuing to grow, how do you feel this has had an effect on our young people? Both ways, like two sides of a coin. In a good way and in a bad way. In a good way, I suppose social media has helped bring people closer together, it’s helped make the world a smaller place, it’s given certain skillsets to every one of us that we probably didn’t realise we had, including typing a message with one finger on one hand. But in a bad way in a sense that it’s also exacerbated things like online bullying, things around body image and things around sexting. I guess for me it’s working with schools and young people to give them the right level of information to understand the implications and the consequences of the type of information they put out there. You might put something out there on social media today and then four/five/six years down the line you want to go for a job and that particular bit of

Nottingham connected information you put out there might come back to haunt you. We’re making sure people are making informed choices, but also being aware of the consequences of their actions. How do you get people involved within the project you set up? Schools can access our service. We have a newsletter that goes around to all the schools. We have the Nottinghamshire schools portal that schools can access to download our resources or get more information depending on what issues they’re after. But if you access Nottinghamshire County Council’s website and type ‘tackling emerging threats to children team’, our details will come up. Like I said before, we have a YouTube page as well www.youtube. com/channel/UCxT-1T0N_8lEE6evfFLEBxw/ videos, that is pretty much how you can get in touch with us, via the County Council. Within the team we all have different specialist areas, we’ve also got some really good resources

Community 11 that we’ve developed, and some plans to coproduce more resources going forward. For more information, I would say please contact the County Council’s website for the Tackling Emerging Threats to Children team, thank you very much. What is the future for the organisation and how do you see the organisation growing? Well, being part of the County Council and the nature of what we do (dealing with current emerging threats) means there will be more threats that are emerging, some already now that we don’t know about. So, there will be needs for services like ours, in trying to work with children, young people, parents, partners and highlighting such threats but also formulating really good resources to help address them. I think there will be increasing needs for teams like ours and what we do going forward.

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12 Community

FREE European Settlement HUB For advice, appointments & help Every Friday at Hyson Green Youth Club Terrace Street, Nottingham, NG7 6ER

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Not just for EU citizens! We may be able to help you, if you are NOT an EU citizen and: •

you used to have an EU, EEA or Swiss family member living in the UK (but you’ve separated, or they’ve died) • you’re the family member of a British citizen and you lived outside the UK in an EEA country together • you’re the family member of a British citizen who also has EU, EEA or Swiss citizenship and who lived in the UK as an EU, EEA or Swiss citizen before getting British citizenship • you’re the primary carer of a British, EU, EEA or Swiss citizen • you’re the child of an EU, EEA or Swiss citizen who used to live and work in the UK, or the child’s primary care • you are an EU, EEA or Swiss citizen living in UK and have not registered for a residential status (Pre-settled or Settled) If you have a query about possible eligibility, come to our drop in at Hyson Green Youth Club on Fridays between 10:30 and 4:00pm. We have interpreters, and can give you advice about your eligibility, and book you an appointment to make an application if possible.

Nottingham connected Web Design

Community 13

Creating a Multimedia INTERVIEW WITH DANIEBELLE GUNTER - By FMB Radio Team

Website

Daniebelle Gunter is the Head of the organisation called Social-Ise which aims to make people more socially aware and sustainable on social media. Daniebelle does digital assessments for people who have started their own adventure and need some information or knowledge on how to get onto social media and digital marketing platforms. Social-Ise is a new organisation targeting young media and I work through recommendations; In today’s web-orientated world there is a huge demand for people skilled in web design and people who have had rough and tough times so people just pass my details around” she development. Almost all organisations and professions have and require websites and so do people inofthe society and have not had a great start in revealed. influence or those doing own business. Gaining skills of creating and maintaining multimedia life. “Hopefully I’m going to teach young people website is a highly marketable skill. how to use social media who will in turn teach She also argued that most charity organisations don’t do social media which they really need the older generation” Daniebelle said. You will be required to: because there is where everyone is going now. • Identify different website purposes, features and structures She noted that digital media or digital marketing She said it is a digital revolution and charities • Plan a basic website (5 pages) from a specified brief / for specific industry is quite new and a lot of people are doing the need to be on social media in other to promote • Create a website based on given brief settings same thing; hence the need for being different what they do to a wider audience. • Test website created – Navigation, Links, Search Engine Optimisation etc) and standing out. • Use at least one Content Management System - Joomla or WordPress As self-employed, Daniebelle described herself Considering the competition in the digital media as a firm believer of being self-sustained and This course will give you the knowledge and tools to create, manage and run a great business or and market, Daniebelle pointed out that some not reliant on funding. She opined that social professional website. You will get access to Joomla / WordPress premium features. people copy other people’s ideas, therefore entrepreneurship is about making money as one has to be creative in trying to make things well as helping the society in which you operate. differently. “I try to be different but also Keynot Information Info@social-ise.co.uk; twitter: relying on social media alone, going out there Contact: socialise80 and doing things and meeting people in real socialise80; Instagram: 30 Hours Free Access to Hosting, life also helps. I advertise what I do on social Domain Name & Flexible

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14 Arts & Culture

KNIFE CRIME & GANGS

By Pa Modou Faal

The dramatic rise in gang-related knife crime in England has been described as appalling and has since seems to be the fundamental cause of youth and gang violence resulting into a lot of youthful lives being lost.

The million-dollar question is why do young people turn to gangs and crime instead of academia or resourceful endeavours. Does the system have a part; is it bad influence within the society, is it as a result of insecurity or is the illusive and imaginary world that they are living in?

search for opportunities and connections within and outside their areas; some even go in to volunteering and end up securing jobs within those organisations or companies while some hold up to creative apprenticeship. Such actions expose them to more diverse attitudes and cultures, understandings and beliefs.

These questions need urgent answers and they should come from across the board; government, society, parents and families, big brothers and influential people within communities, the school system and sporting/ recreational facilities. Stabbing incidents and crimes have severed while solutions not forthcoming as expected. Knife crime started to draw media attention over a decade ago and has since been on the increase. Most victims are teenagers and young people living in designated areas identified as hotspots for violent crimes and gangs.

The few who choose to join gangs are also young people from the same areas and share similar backgrounds. Despite the challenges that they are exposed to in their communities, they become so embroiled in gangs, violence and crime that they circumference within where they live and their knowledge of other areas would be limited. In areas where employment is scarce and labour is poorly paid; and opportunities for higher education minimal, young people idolise older peers earning money through crime such as theft and drug trafficking and selling.

It could be argued that there is poverty and marginalisation with very limited choices and opportunities in some of these neighbourhood, a great number of these young people, however, actively engage themselves in

Influential older peers will start to coax them into their networks of businesses in illegal peddling of illicit substances which will start to change their ways of living in terms of material and cash possession.

Nottingham connected To some, this is industrious and helps to pay their bills and would give them higher social status whilst to others it is a catalyst for gangs and crimes. This will change their perception and qualifies such ventures as a normal way of living as opposed to the decent standards. In becoming vanguards of their areas, they develop antagonistic views against other communities which eventually lead to post code or territorial hegemony and violence. As a result, their networks of friends continue to be sectionalised and fettered. Even though the rise in Knife crime has also been vaguely attributed to the aggressive style of music young people are exposed to, and less engagement of police within communities known for such acts, it could be argued that in other to impose an â&#x20AC;&#x153;all-out warâ&#x20AC;? on tackling this menace, attention should not be diverted from these things. Knife crime should not be treated only as social issues but also as public and political issues. Engaging with the police, local councils, health, education and social work professionals can make a huge impact on the young people provided that their plight is considered and a bright and fruitful future begins to loom from the horizon. The media portrays gangs as groups of criminals void of empathy and respect, as opposed to young people looking for means to make ends meet. As a result, broader social issues are overlooked reports instead focus on factors such as a troubled home life or behavioural problems as the main causes of criminal behaviour. This highlighted factors continue to marginalise those communities further and stereotyping and stigma become the norm. The media should engage the youths and foster a relative atmosphere wherein positive and meaningful discourses would be triggered to avail them the opportunity to come up with balance and objective remedial analyses. The media should also practice within the spheres

Arts & Culture 15 of social responsibility and take a leading role in helping find a solution to these problems facing the youths. Treating young people like criminals and not giving them a platform or chance to speak up, makes matters worse and rehabilitation unattainable. There should be a thorough research which will focus on addressing the consequences of stabbings for victims and perpetrators and their families. Rehabilitation schemes led by professionals and influential exemplars should be common and easily accessible by both victims and perpetrators; which will seek to support young people in forging ahead and building up careers and generate better opportunities for their future.

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16 Arts & Culture

I’M AN EX-PRISONER & EDUCATION BEHIND BARS SAVED MY LIFE Edited By Pa Modou Faal

Supporting prison reform and championing rehabilitative and transformative cultures and opportunities for prisoners are more important and needed than ever.

involve students, mentors, facilitators and lecturers. In doing so, Learning Together aims to nurture individual growth and to challenge social disadvantage as a barrier to learning.

to summon the strength and fortitude to keep challenging myself and to achieve a better sense of self-worth. I completed my undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in both closed and open prisons.

The game changer

I didn’t participate in an official Learning Together course, but that didn’t exclude me from being supported by the team, whether with a handwritten letter of support, words of encouragement, sending academic materials to help with my studies in an environment where there are very few. But most importantly, they gave me their time. I am one of those underdogs that Merritt, Jones and everyone else associated with Learning Together and similar programmes have championed, supporting our access to opportunities to develop through higher education.

Transformative power

At the start of their sentence, some of them are faced with imaginary challenges and fears; that upon their release they would continue to be offenders and get in and out of prison because the stigma and stereotyping that awaits them will heavily impact on their psychological and social state on mind and further infringe on their characters. But education within prison was a game changer for me. I had already entered the tentative stages of education, studying for an undergraduate degree in criminology and psychology, when I was invited to a round-table event discussing ways to enhance higher education for prisoners using digital technology. It was then that I was introduced to Learning Together, which promotes educational partnerships between prisons and the rest of society that

Education in prison saved my life, and that of countless others. Those involved helped me to shape and develop my identity as a man, an academic and a prisoner. They gave me support and hope when I was at my lowest

In a more punitive prison culture, the light at the end of the tunnel would have seemed a very long way away. It is imperative that prisons have “permeable cultures”; that they offer opportunities beyond the prison walls. These might be employment, vocational training partnerships, or opportunities to develop and maintain family ties. Whilst there are such opportunities available there is much scope to expand and improve them. Education and learning can

Nottingham connected

equip prisoners with a skill and knowledge base to engage and build bridges with the outside world, both while they are in prison and on release. But not all initiatives within prisons underpin such positive outcomes. I have seen firsthand a number of initiatives that were ill-informed, illequipped, ill-delivered. There were many “one size fits all” programmes, focusing on offending behaviour, induction and resettlement that fitted nothing or nobody. This fuelled my desire to harness my education and opportunities to bring about change. I left prison in 2019 and am now doing a PhD. Building on my own experience, I’m exploring how power-sharing initiatives and partnerships influence prisoners’ experience of

imprisonment – whether positive or negative. The aim is that this research will provide a better understanding of how imprisonment is experienced to better inform these initiatives, so that they reflect the needs of the prisoner and support better outcomes for them. So far, my research has revealed issues surrounding staff motivations, tick-box cultures and knowledge management – the process of creating, sharing, using and managing knowledge and information, which is often not harnessed purposefully. These combine to undermine initiatives and ultimately negatively impact prisoners. Yet there are also glimmers of hope. I am coming across many examples of good practice from staff and positive prisoner outcomes in terms of well-being and mental health. Enduring change It is vital that support for these initiatives does not wane or diminish. Everybody has the capacity to change and everybody has the

Arts & Culture 17

capacity to do good. One of those who saved lives during November’s terrorist attack was an ex-prisoner. Education has arguably played a role in that journey, which demonstrates its transformative power. If Boris Johnson’s government succeeds in introducing more draconian sentencing, it will mean more prisoners in the system. This extra pressure will require a Herculean effort to continue to support our prisoners on their journey through imprisonment and back to society. Society and government need to support this positive work in policy rather than undermining it through disproportionate reactions and fuelling fear and mistrust. The men who saved lives on 29 November, and the many men and women who have come into contact with the criminal justice system, will often find themselves judged by their past actions. But if we want to reduce the likelihood of future harm by supporting positive change, society must view those people as they are now, rather than as they once were.

mojatu.com

18 Arts & Culture

SAFFRON PERSIAN RESTAURANT By Joshua Pickering

Saffron Persian Restaurant: Bringing the community together with incredible homecooked food, on Bentinck Road. As we walked onto Radford Road, peer in at the restaurants representing so many different national cuisines; some busy, some not but what’s clear is that the richness in choice and quality is abundant and the atmosphere feels good. Heading up-hill towards the top of the road; colours, music, smells and languages dart past from all angles. We’re going to Saffron, a Persian restaurant around the corner on Bentinck Road, of which we know next to nothing. I wrack my brains for what I can remember of Persian history and culture, trying to add some context... empire, Cyrus the Great, Xerxes, Alexander, mathematics, inventions, revolutions and poetry etc. Judging by how much ancient Persia revered cultural exchange and international cooperation in its heyday, it is tempting to doubt everything

you think you know about Iran except politics, revolution and propaganda. We have no idea what’s coming and neither of us know anything really about Persian food, but as the country’s most legendary poet, Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi once famously mused, “as you start to walk on the way, the way appears”. Suddenly, at the doorway Nima greets us with a wide smile and firm handshake, his mother at his side. If you believe, as I do, that the only trustworthy way to judge someone is through meeting them, then Farzaneh Sabzian and Nima Emkani (the mother and son duo that run Saffron) are the enduring embodiment of ancient Persian morality. While we are offered a space around the ‘sofre’, a ceremonial cloth, laid on the floor of a cushioned salon: the best seats in the house, Nima and Farzaneh guided us through the menu and we order a lot; too much really. At the heart of their ethos is providing an honest account of the good old, home-cooked food of Luristan (the region of

Western Iran that they come from) and telling the world what we’ve been missing. Persian food has been stewing away for 5000 years. The sign outside says, ‘Persian Restaurant’. I ask them if this is political, anything to do with not using the preferred Khomeinian term ‘Iranian’. He replied “it’s about including everyone. Persia had a long history before 1979 and this is just the right name to use”. The approach is positive and forward-thinking. It looks beyond divisions in the way the restaurant represents the culture from back home. Farzaneh agrees with the sentiment when I ask her whether negative images of Iran have an impact on the way they do things. “People don’t think about Iranian culture that way, it’s just about politics. Yes, some people are scared to go to Iran as tourists, but it’s really important when you open a place, you have to share your kindness and cultural things. In Iran, like everywhere you will maybe find bad people, but most of

Nottingham connected them are really kind. If you have a [Iranian] friend, they won’t let you go to a hotel or restaurant; they’ll take care of you at home and give you food. When I talk to people here, I want to share love and Iranian culture”, she noted. The reception from the local area has blown them away. Nottingham doesn’t have a huge Iranian population but those who do live here definitely know Saffron, even after just a couple of months of business. Farzaneh explains her motivation: “The time people sit around each other and share love is usually when they eat. That’s why food is so important. Love is important here too. This is a business but the way we do it is important. It is important to me that people come here and leave happy. I want to do the best food I can with the best ingredients”. Fresh and fragrant dishes of lamb neck, stews, smoked aubergine, some of the best olives I’ve ever had, flatbreads, cheese, yoghurt, salads and plates of rice flavoured with pomegranate, walnut, barberries and of course, saffron. Several times a year, the family open up their own spice routes by returning to Iran to source and export the authentic flavours necessary for these dishes: ingredients they couldn’t do without but

can’t find easily in Britain. “It’s expensive, but it makes the difference” says mum. By her son’s admission, Farzaneh is the real star of this show. The respect is evident. How could you not respect work like this? She has clearly inspired a passion in her son for this food and culture and looks on proudly as he enthusiastically tells us about their travels home, their family history, the process involved in creating these dishes and the warm sense of community that they are already feeling from the neighbouring streets. Nima talks fondly about a Sudanese friend who is related to the men spilling out of the social club next-door and reiterates his mother’s point about nationality not being important to them. “We had a customer from Saudi Arabia who wanted something like they eat, and my mum made her version for him. He loved it and came back again with friends”. “We have a customer from Italy – every time she wants that stew” says Farzaneh, pointing to a customer’s dish at the next table. This is why they do what they do: to show what Persian home-cooked food is about and bridge cultural gaps. Where else in the world are Iranians and Saudis breaking bread and enjoying themselves together? Food, setting and charisma can be powerful tools,

Arts & Culture 19 as they understand well. This is their first crack at a business and it’s Farzaneh’s first job, even if she’s been training for it all her life. It’s hard work, but they already inspire loyalty in their customers and to Farzaneh, this makes it all worthwhile. “When you’re tired and you see their reactions, when you see them happy, this takes the stress from us”. Good and simple is the recipe to success it seems in life and cooking. Good, simple qualities of kindness, hospitality and honesty, and good, simple ingredients for the pan. Don’t overcomplicate things. Represent yourself and express with truth. These are the values that come across by the bowlful when Farzaneh speaks about her art. Unquiet Meals: The Road to Radford is a cultural blog series with images by Phil Formby and words by Josh Osoro Pickering. See more at unquietmeals2019.wordpress.com Nima is the business mind behind Saffron, and he speaks passionately about future plans and expansions: a chain one day, shisha and events such as music and dance including one for women only, with blacked out windows and a chance to let down the hair in privacy and comfort. There is no political statement here, just an attempt at inclusivity and welcoming.

mojatu.com

20 Health & Food

BENEFITS OF MEDITATION By Jason Brick

Over the past few decades, a host of research has supported the conclusion that meditation is good for us, and that we should all meditate a few minutes each day. Meditation has been found to reduce stress, with all the physical, social and emotional benefits that it provides. Multiple studies have found out that meditation can reduce feelings of depression and anxiety. In 2003, researchers learned that regular meditation helps to boost immune function and can also help control pain. Here are some benefits of meditation and how to make it part of improving life: You don’t have to just sit around; walking meditation calms your mind when you focus on your strides and movement of taking steps (rather than, say, focusing on your breath) Listening mindfully to music, especially music without lyrics, produces the same impact of meditation by allowing you to be transported by the sounds, away from stray and extraneous thoughts. Daily task meditation is where you take the process of a task such as doing dishes, cooking a meal, or getting dressed. Your brain might mess with you, but meditating is supposed to be a quieting of the mind, where you think about nothing in particular (or nothing other than the actions of the meditation) to allow that background noise to filter out and let you rest. That’s why exercise can be meditative: at

a certain point you’re only able to think about the exercise. But along the way, throughout each session of meditation, your thoughts are going to keep zooming in and trying to distract you. This happens all the time in the beginning, but the trick is, with meditation it is not only eliminating those stray thoughts totally but to let them pass through your mind without you grabbing hold of them. In the first stages of learning, you’ll fail a lot of the time. You’ll be meditating for a while and suddenly realize you stopped somewhere along the way to think about your to-do list. Eventually, that will happen less and less, and you’ll start distracting yourself by getting frustrated, but you will ultimately be able to let them pass through and over without taking notice; and continue on your meditation for as long as you wish. You don’t have to meditate for hours to get anything out of it. In most cases less than 15 minutes can result in significant improvements to physical, emotional, and psychological health. Some masters of meditation advise to start with just one minute of meditation per day before building up to longer amounts.

Nottingham connected

Health & Food 21

WHAT IS MATERNAL MORTALITY? Edited By Pa Modou Faal

Maternal mortality (MMR) is the annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 830 women die every day from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth. Sub-Saharan Africa suffers from the highest MMR at 920 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births, followed by South Asia, with an MMR of 500. This compares with an MMR of 8 in industrialized countries. Maternal mortality is higher in women living in rural areas and among poorer communities. Young girls face a higher risk of complications and death as a result of pregnancy than other women. Amref Health Africa in partnership with Comic Relief is working to improve the quality of health services available to mothers in Uganda by refurbishing medical facilities, training nurses and midwives, and engaging in community outreach to provide education with the aim of increasing

the number of pregnant women who utilize the facilities that are already available. Skilled care before, during, and after childbirth can save the lives of women and new born babies. Life For African Mothers is an organization that focuses its works in affected areas which include Chad, D.R Congo, Liberia, Northern Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Cameroon, and Somaliland. They provide midwifery training and lifesaving medications for mothers and babies to combat loss of life due to postpartum haemorrhage and seizures. Clinic At A Time partners with clinics in Northwestern Ethiopia to enhance and expand existing facilities, deliver medical supplies to clinics serving rural and impoverished communities, and to provide education and training to established health professionals. Source: UNICEF, WHO and Amref

mojatu.com

22 Health & Food

MENTAL HEALTH IN BAME COMMUNITIES By Shawn Radcliffe

BAME (Black, Asian and minority ethnic) communities often face individual and societal challenges that can affect their access to healthcare and overall mental and physical health. Their mental health is very important in the society because they cover a wide range of people with very diverse needs and each ethnic group has different experiences of mental health problems that reflect their culture and context. These communities are faced with challenges such as racism and discrimination, social and economic inequalities, criminal justice, mental health stigma and stereotyping and other challenges factors, but letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s start with racism and discrimination: Racism and discrimination BAME communities can experience racism in their personal lives, ranging from casual slights to explicit hurtful comments and verbal or physical aggression. Research suggests that experiencing racism can be very stressful and have a negative effect on overall health and mental health. There is a growing body of research to suggest that those exposed to racism may be more likely to experience mental health problems such as psychosis and depression.

Social and economic inequalities BAME communities are also often faced with disadvantages in society. They are more likely to experience poverty, have poorer educational outcomes, higher unemployment, and contact with the criminal justice system, and may face challenges accessing or receiving appropriate professional services. For example; among 16 to 24-year olds, unemployment rates are highest for people from a Black background (26%) and from a Pakistani or Bangladeshi background (23%) in comparison with their White counterparts (11%). Even when employed, men and women from some ethnic groups are paid less on average than those from other groups with similar qualifications and experience. Pakistani and Bangladeshi communities consistently have high rates of poverty, as do Black, Chinese and Other ethnic communities. Mental health stigma Different communities understand and talk about mental health in different ways. In some communities, mental health problems are rarely spoken about and can be seen in a negative light. This can discourage people within the community from talking about their mental health and may be a barrier to engagement with health services.

Nottingham connected

Criminal justice system There is growing concern over unmet mental health needs among BAME individuals within the criminal justice system, particularly in the youth justice system. A report on the youth justice system found out that over 40% of children are from BAME backgrounds, and more than one third have a diagnosed mental health problem. The level of need may be even greater than this as it has also been found that BAME individuals are less likely to have mental health problems or learning disabilities identified upon entry to the justice system. Other factors Many groups face inequalities in physical and mental health. This can be due to factors like disability, sexuality, gender and age. In order to understand different BAME communitiesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; experiences of mental health problems and of services provided, it is also necessary to consider these other aspects in addition to race and ethnicity. Different BAME groups may be more likely to face particular mental health concerns.

Health & Food 23

Culturally appropriate interventions

treatment

and

Research points to a strong need for greatly increased cultural competency in mental health services. This may include: practical improvements in language (interpreting, translating, literacy support), meeting faith-related and religious needs, culturally appropriate food, gender-specific services and staff, increasing the ethnic diversity of staff, and action to address and reduce experiences of racism and discrimination. Refugees and asylum seekers Refugees and asylum seekers may experience exclusion, marginalisation and inequalities of access to services. They are more likely to experience mental health problems than the general population, including higher rates of depression, PTSD and other anxiety disorders. The increased vulnerability to mental health problems that refugees and asylum seekers face is linked to pre-migration experiences (such as war trauma) and post-migration conditions (such as separation from family, difficulties with asylum procedures and poor housing).

mojatu.com

24 Business & Finance

ZIMBABWE TAKES ON CURRENCY REFORM AFTER BUDGET SUCCESS By Krishna Nag

With major support from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) on Zimbabwe’s ongoing reform process, the government announced a key step towards the return of the Zimbabwe dollar. This follows the first budget surplus in decades, following reforms brought in under President Emmerson Mnangagwa. The IMF said that “significant economic reforms were under way” in Zimbabwe. This is the biggest sign of support to the new Zimbabwean government from a big international financial institution since the fall of Robert Mugabe in 2017. President Mnangagwa has promised to revive the economy, but the underperformance of the country’s interim currency called RTGS dollars has worsened shortages of fuel and other goods. His government has agreed to have its economic and political reforms monitored by the IMF to convince foreign donors to restructure or forgive its debt. It will also require Zimbabwe to cease taking on new debt from foreign lenders during this period. The government has pledged key steps to reduce Zimbabwe’s ballooning debt and will cease taking on new debt from foreign lenders for the duration of the IMF programme. The state will only borrow RTGS$400 million from the central bank in 2019, as compared to last year’s RTGS$3 billion and the government’s salary bill in the budget, will be cut from the 79% of 2018 to 67% while the budget deficit will be slashed to 4% of GDP.

The economy would contract by 2.1% in 2019 before rebounding to 3.3% growth next year as stated by IMF. Even though the economy is still expected to suffer in the short term before it can grow again, due to severe drought and a cyclone that devastated the eastern part of the country earlier this year, annual inflation rate will average 80.86% this year but the figure is expected to fall to 14.1% in 2020, added IMF. To restore trust in its interim currency, the use of foreign currency as legal tender was abolished in the country. The Zimbabwe dollar was withdrawn in 2009 and the U.S. Dollar, S.A Rand and other currencies have been used by Zimbabweans for a decade. In February, the government introduced the mostly electronic RTGS dollar and so-called “bond notes” as paper money and coins that emerged during cash shortages continue to be the country’s sole legal tender even though it has fallen more 50% in the black market. This would pave the way for the reintroduction of the Zimbabwe dollar. The Confederation of Zimbabwe Industries, bankers and exporters have supported the re-introduction of a local currency, saying this will boost public confidence, reduce market distortion, and ease demand for foreign currency. The central bank said that money held in foreign-currency accounts would not be affected. It also announced a series of other measures, including raising the rate on its overnight window to 50% from 15%, to buttress the currency.

Nottingham connected

Education & Career 25

MOJATU FOUNDATION LAUNCHES NEW ACCREDITED TRAINING PROGRAMMES FOR KUTAMBUA PROJECT

The new training programmes, run with partners Fearless Youth Association and FarmEco Community Care Farm, will officially be launched this October. Mojatu Foundation have been working with local BME and new and emerging communities for the last five years, and currently run training courses including media training, and driving theory, particularly focussing on supporting asylum seekers and refugees.

from now until end of 2020 in the following categories: 1. Health, Public Services & Care 2. Agriculture, Horticulture, and Animal Care 3. Arts, Media and Publishing 4. Preparation for Life & Work Training opportunities are varied and offer opportunities for everyone, including learning how to become a radio presenter, CV writing and agro- forestry.

Kutambua, the name for the training programmes means discovery. They are also well recognised for their training with the NHS, schools and faith leaders around FGM awareness.

Mojatu Foundation, who were instrumental in getting Nottingham City to declare Zero Tolerance to Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) in 2016, are now looking at how best to accredit their FGM training.

Valentine Nkoyo, CEO of Mojatu said, “We are so proud to be able to develop our training and support more people from our communities. We want to be able to keep providing opportunities for support, volunteering and training to ensure that BME community members understand their value and have the best possible opportunities.”

For more information about Mojatu Foundation: www.mojatufoundation.org Or to find out about joining or referring someone to the training: info@mojatu.com To find out more about their work, or book FGM training: edith@mojatu.com

Mojatu has become a recognised centre to offer Open Awards www.openawards.org. uk qualifications in the following courses

Partners: Fearless Youth Association, FYA: www.fyaonline.com Farmeco Community Care Farm: www.farmeco.co.uk

mojatu.com

26 Education & Career

KEEPING OUR CHILDREN AWAY FROM VULNERABILITY Edited By Pa Modou Faal

I’ve been asked several times before: how did you do it? How you manage to raise such The short answer is, it was hard work. It wasn’t easy. I made lots of mistakes. Sometimes my children hated me for the restrictions I made. Somethings we laugh at today. The one thing that I did was I was I tried to be consistent. They knew that I would love them no matter what. Even if, after all I did and said, they made their own mistake, they knew that I would be there for them. There was no secret recipe. The was no, one rule fix all. I was just a constant present in their lives. Today’s challenges Today, some families are facing lots of challenges that may impact them as parents and carers. Statistics show that there has been an increase in emotional stresses in households. The reasons could be varied, i.e. loss of income through changes in Universal Credit, the loss of a job or the abuse of zero hours contracts. The emotional stress factors may lead to domestic violence, visits to food banks etc. All these and more may influence parent’s ability to parent. Should it stop us from parenting? That’s a question for you to answer. However, it’s our responsibility to parent our children, not the other way around. We have a duty of care to our children to provide a safe and secure environment. Should it stop us from parenting? That’s a question for you to answer. However, it’s our responsibility to parent our children, not the other way around. We have a duty of care to our children to provide a safe and secure environment.

How do we do it? • Providing a home, despite the daily challenges, that help our children feel secure. Doing this by making sure that they are fed, clean and get plenty of sleep. • Showing an interest in the things they enjoy. This might mean going to a museum, visiting the library etc. • Spending time talking. We could make the most of the opportunities when our child/children come to us and create other opportunities ourselves. Some families make sure that they eat together, as their children get older, at least once a week. You may have a ‘no phone’ rule while eating together. • Spending time doing the things they enjoy. It may be swimming, playing a board game, kite flying or even playing on a console etc. together. • Taking an interest in their education. This could be as simple as asking about their school day, hearing them read, taking an interest in their homework and going to parents’ evenings etc. Some parents’ remark that they don’t understand what their children are learning and so find it hard to communicate with them about school. • Can be easily solved by talking to your child’s teacher/school, you could encourage your child to be the expert and show you what they are learning, there are books, after school clubs or supplementary schools that can support your child if you feel you’re not in a position to help. Along with providing a quiet place at home so that that they can study.

Nottingham connected • Making sure that our child/children have a proper breakfast and arrive at school on time. Being consistently late for school may affect their emotional wellbeing, cause anxiety and loss of teaching time. • Encouraging them to exercise; that could be in the form of joining a club, riding a bike or going to a local park etc. Keeping children busy and in the right environment is of benefit to both parent and child. Extra-curricular activities reportedly build children’s self-esteem, they learn social skills, it raises their attainment, they learn new skills, make new friends, have better emotional and behavioural skills, less emotional. These children are more likely to grow up as adults who know how to behave in social situations, are more confident and the skills they may learn in these activities may lead to their chosen career. • By setting realistic boundaries for our children. This may be in the form of timing screen time, setting an appropriate bedtime routine etc. • Monitor their phone/computer time. It is illegal for children under the age of thirteen to have a Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Snapchat account. On YouTube, children are not allowed to have an account until age eighteen. • At the moment there is a campaign on the TV to encourage families to talk called ‘Britain get talking’ it might be an opportunity that you may want to utilise. All these are dependent on the age of your child/children and need to adapt accordingly. It’s much easier when our child/children are younger to reduce their vulnerabilities to peer pressure and negative social influences.

Education & Career 27 Some primary schools try to tackle some of these issues too by providing DARE programmes, and it encourages parents to be involved while their child is taking part. However, we need to be the ones that are advocating for our children, by being positive role models for. We may do all of the above and more, and they may be influenced by peers and the negatives of social media. If that happens, as parents we still should provide a space where they can share their concerns, guide them (if necessary) to seek help from other agencies and be a listening ear. We may need to support ourselves and be willing to do so to help our child/children. There are no quick fixes or magic role but try to, we may need a combination of all the above and ‘one size does not fit all.’ It’s important to remember that siblings may have different needs and should not to compare one against the other. For more information and help: www.mumsnet.com www.itv.com/britaingettalking www.kumon.co.uk/blog/what-do-childrenlearn-from-extra-curricular-activities assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/ uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/ file/539029/Taking_Part_2015_16_Child_ Report_-_FINAL.pdf w w w. n u f f i e l d fo u n d a t i o n . o rg / n e w s / out-school-activities-improve-children’seducational-attainment w w w. t h e e d u c a t o r. c o m / b l o g / r o l e extracurricular-activities-studentsdevelopment www.gov.uk/guidance/taking-part-survey www.thoughtco.com/does-facebook-haveage-restrictions-3367671

If our home is a secure space, then hopefully our children will not want to seek negative www.childline.org.uk relationships, succumb to peer pressure and www.shiefton.com negative social influences will be less attractive.

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Online & Local Tutor Supported Courses

Kutambua offers you an opportunity to gain new skills and knowledge at your own pace and in your own space. • Learn Anywhere, Anytime • Mentoring & Placements • Expert Local Tutors Our courses are designed with users and students in mind. We offer many exciting projects to help you build your career and broaden your social value!

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