Angličtina

Humanitarian crises

I. Read the introduction to humanitarian crises and fill in the gaps with suitable forms of the following verbs: include, define, prevent, occur, result, cause, become, interconnect, require and play.

humanitarian crisis is ___1___ as singular event or series of events that are threatening in terms of health, safety or well-being of community or large group of people. It may be an internal or external conflict and usually ___2___ throughout large land area. Local, national and international responses are necessary in such events. Each humanitarian crisis is ___3___ by different factors and as result, each different humanitarian crisis ___4___ unique response targeted towards the specific sectors affected. This can ___5___ in either short-term or long-term damage. Humanitarian crises can either be natural disasters, man-made disasters or complex emergencies. In such cases, complex emergencies occur as result of several factors or events that ___6___ large group of people from accessing their fundamental needs, such as food, clean water or safe shelter. Examples of humanitarian crises ___7___ armed conflicts, epidemics, famine, natural disasters and other major emergencies. If such crisis causes large movements of people it could also ___8___ refugee crisis. For these reasons, humanitarian crises are often ___9___ and complex and several national and international agencies ___10___ roles in the repercussions of the incidences.

II. Read about the solutions to humanitarian crises and match the highlighted expressions with their synonyms.

There is no singular solution to any one humanitarian crisis. Often, the primary cause of humanitarian crisis is intertwined with several other factors. Further, one repercussion can lead to another which may lead to another. For instance, in the case of flood, fish and ocean life is impacted, which can further affect humans, namely the fishermen’income. This causes the residents of this particular area to be stripped from their source of food and their culture of consuming sea fish. This can lead to women and children being forced to work in dangerous conditions to gain income and food. Evidently, one crisis can have many impacts that are interconnected with one another and there is no single solution. So it is necessary to understand and find solutions to the intersection of various factors that contribute to humanitarian crisis. The text was adapted from Wikipedia.

Expression from the text Synonym 1. cause a. connect 2. intertwine b. deprive 3. repercussion c. revenue 4. income d. consequence 5. strip e. junction 6. gain f. get 7. intersection g. add 8. contribute h. reason

Irish Naval personnel from the LÉ Eithne (P31) rescuing migrants as part of Operation Triton (CC) Author: Irish defence forces Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/dfmagazine/18898637736/

III. Complete the chunks of words, which occur in the text, with the following prepositions: by, of, from (2x), throughout, towards, in (2x), with (2x) and to (2x).

1 in terms ______ health 2 conflict usually occurs ______ large land area 3 crisis is defined ______ different factors 4 it requires unique response targeted ______ the specific sectors affected 5 this can result ______ damage 6 to prevent people ______ accessing their fundamental needs 7 to play roles ______ the repercussions 8 there is no singular solution ______ any one humanitarian crisis 9 the primary cause of humanitarian crisis is intertwined ______ several other factors 10 the residents of this particular area are stripped ______ their source of food 11 crisis may have many impacts that are interconnected ______ one another 12 various factors may contribute ______ humanitarian crisis

Key: 1 defined, 2 occurs, 3 caused, 4 requires, 5 result, 6 prevent, 7 include, 8 become, 9 interconnected, 10 play. II 1h, 2a, 3d, 4c, 5b, 6f, 7e, 8g. III 1 of, 2 throughout, 3 by, 4 towards, 5 in, 6 from, 7 in, 8 to, 9 with, 10 from, 11 with, 12 to.