ﺑﻨﺎم ﺧﺪاوﻧﺪ ﺧﺮد
Map of Lebanon from the CIA World Factbook. Tyre is near the southern border
Tyre: (Arabic: ﺻﻮر, Ṣūr; ūr; Phoenician: צור, Ṣur; Hebrew: צֹור, Tzor; Tiberian Hebrew צר, Ṣōr; Akkadian: $$ Ṣurru; urru; Greek: Τύρος, Týros; T Turkish: Sur; Latin: Tyrus) Tyre is an ancient Phoenician city and the the legendary birthplace of Europe and Elissa (Dido). Today it is the fourth largest city in Lebanon and houses one of the nation's major ports. Tourism is a major industry. The city has a number of ancient sites, including its Roman Hippodrome which was added to UNESCO's list of World Heritage Sites in 1979. Tyre originally consisted of two distinct urban centers, Tyre itself, which was on an island just off shore, and the associated settlement settlement of Ushu on the adjacent mainland. Alexander the Great connected the island to the mainland coast by constructing a causeway during his siege of the city, demolishing the old city to reuse its cut stone. The original island city had two harbors, one on the south side and the other on the north side of the island. It was these two harbors that enabled Tyre to gain the maritime prominence that it did; the harbor on the north side of the island was, in fact, one of the best harbors on the eastern end of the Mediterranean. The harbor on the south side has silted over, but the harbor on the north side (see Tyre harbor photo to the right) is still in use. use In ancient =mes, the island city of Tyre was heavily for=fied (with defensive walls 150 feet (46 m) high) gh) and the mainland settlement, originally called Ushu (later, called Palaetyrus, meaning "Old Tyre," by the Greeks) was actually more like a line of suburbs than any one city and was used primarily as a source of water and timber for the main island city.. Josephus records that the two fought against each other on occasion, although most of the time they supported one another because they both
benefited from the island city's wealth from maritime trade and the mainland area's source of timber, water and burial grounds. A detailed list of trading partners and merchandise can be found in the Bible in the Book of Ezekiel 27:1–24.
Foundation Tyre was founded around 2750 BC according to Herodotus and it appears on monuments as early as 1300 BC. Philo of Byblos (in Eusebius) quotes the antiquarian authority Sanchuniathon as stating that it was first occupied by one Hypsuranius. Sanchuniathon's work is said to be dedicated to "Abibalus king of Berytus" – possibly the Abibaal who was king of Tyre. There are ten Amarna leMers dated 1350 BC from the mayor, Abi-Milku, written to Akenaten. The subject is often water, wood, and the Habiru overtaking the countryside, of the mainland, and how it affected the island-city.
Early history The commerce of the ancient world was gathered into the warehouses of Tyre. "Tyrian merchants were the first who ventured to navigate the Mediterranean waters; and they founded their colonies on the coasts and neighbouring islands of the Aegean Sea, in Greece, on the northern coast of Africa, at Carthage and other places, in Sicily and Corsica, in Spain at Tartessus, and even beyond the pillars of Hercules at Gadeira (Cádiz)". The city of Tyre was particularly known for the production of a rare and extraordinarily expensive sort of purple dye, produced from the murex shellfish, known as Tyrian purple. This color was, in many cultures of ancient times, reserved for the use of royalty, or at least nobility.
It was often attacked by Egypt, besieged by Shalmaneser V, who was assisted by the Phoenicians of the mainland, for five years, and by Nebuchadnezzar (586–573 BC). The Biblical book of Ezekiel claims that God caused Nebuchadnezzar to destroy Tyre because its residents gloated over the fall of Jerusalem. Ezekiel 26:12–14 ) The Tyrians held off Nebuchadnezzar's siege for thirteen years, resupplying the walled island city through its two harbours. The city was destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar but not completely. Later, a king of Cyprus took Tyre using his fleet in the 370s BC, "a remarkable success about which little is known," Robin Lane Fox remarked. In 332 BC, the city was conquered by Alexander the Great, aRer a siege of seven months in which he built the causeway from the mainland to within a hundred meters of the island, where the sea floor sloped abruptly downwards. Tyre continued
to maintain much of its commercial importance until the Christian era. The presence of the causeway affected water currents nearby, causing sediment to build up, making the connection permanent. Alexander used the remains of the old city to build the causeway from the mainland to the island where the new Tyre was located. Some scholars claim this is a fulfillment of the biblical Prophet Ezekiel's prophecy. In 315 BC, Alexander's former general Antigonus began his own siege of Tyre, taking the city a year later. In 126 BC, Tyre regained its independence (from the Seleucids) and was allowed to keep much of its independence when the area became a Roman province in 64 BC. Source: Wikipedia )(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon
*ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ ﻓﻨﻴﻘﻴﻪ:
.1ﺻﻮر) :اخ ( ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﺣﻞ ﺑﺤﺮ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ)ﻣﺪﻳﺘﺮاﻧﻪ( ،داراي 7000ﺗﻦ ﺳﻜﻨﻪ و از ﭘﺎﻳﺘﺨﺖ ﻫﺎي ﻓﻴﻨﻴﻘﻴﺎن اﺳﺖ .اﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ دو ﻗﺴﻤﺖ اﺳﺖ :ﻳﻜﻲ ﺟﺰﻳﺮه و دﻳﮕﺮ ﺻﻮري ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﺣﻞ اﺳﺖ .ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﺑﻨﻴﺎد آن ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻫﺰار ﺳﺎل ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻣﻴﻼد ﺑﺎﻻ رود .ﺑﻴﻦ ﺻﻮر و ﻓﺮاﻋﻨﻪ ﻣﺼﺮ رواﺑﻂ ﺑﺎزرﮔﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺤﻜﻤﻲ ﺑﺮﻗﺮار ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ .ﺻﻮر در ﺣﺪود 1100ق .م .روﻧﻘﻲ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ .اﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ از ﻃﺮف آﺷﻮرﻳﺎن و ﺑﺎﺑﻠﻴﺎن ﻣﺤﺎﺻﺮه ﺷﺪ و ﺑﺴﺎل 539ق .م . اﻳﺮاﻧﻴﺎن آﻧﺮا ﺗﺼﺮف ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ ،ﺳﭙﺲ اﺳﻜﻨﺪر ﺑﺴﺎل 333ق .م .ﻫﻔﺖ ﺳﺎل آﻧﺮا ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺻﺮه ﮔﺮﻓﺖ .ﺑﺴﺎل 1124 م .ﺻﻠﻴﺒﻴﺎن ﺑﺮ آن دﺳﺖ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪو ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻧﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎل 1291م 690 / .ه . ق .آﻧﺮا از اﻳﺸﺎن ﺑﺎزﺳﺘﺪﻧﺪ) .اﻟﻤﻨﺠﺪ ﻣﻮﻟﻒ ﺣﺪود اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ :ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺴﺖ از ﻓﻲ اﻻدب و اﻟﻌﻠﻮم ( .ﺻﻮر اﻛﻨﻮن ﺟﺰء ﻣﺘﺼﺮﻓﺎت دوﻟﺖ ﻟﺒﻨﺎن اﺳﺖ ٔ . ﺷﺎم ﺑﺮ ﻛﺮان درﻳﺎي روم و اﻧﺪر وي ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﻧﺎﻧﻨﺪ .ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻌﻤﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر و ﻛﺸﺖ و ﺑﺰر ﺑﺴﻴﺎر و ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﺴﻴﺎر .ﻣﻮٔﻟﻒ اﻳﺮان ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ :ﺷﻬﺮ ﺻﻮرﺑﻮاﺳﻄﻪ ٔ ﺑﻮﻏﺎز ﺗﻨﮕﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺮض آن 4اﺳﺘﺎد ﻳﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً 700ذرع ﺑﻮد، از ﺳﺎﺣﻞ ﻓﻴﻨﻴﻘﻴﻪ ﺟﺪا ﻣﻲ ﺷﺪ و ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﺣﻜﻢ ﺟﺰﻳﺮه اي را داﺷﺖ وﻗﺘﻲ ﺑﺎدﻫﺎي اﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎ ﻣﻮﺳﻮم ﺑﻪ آﻓﺮﻳﻜﻮس وزﻳﺪن ﻣﻴﮕﺮﻓﺖ آب اﻳﻦ ﺑﻮﻏﺎز را ﻋﻘﺐ زده ،اﻣﻮاج راروي ﻫﻢ اﻧﺒﻮه ﻣﻴﻜﺮد و ﺑﺴﺎﺣﻞ ﻣﻴﺮﻳﺨﺖ .ﺷﻬﺮ داراي
دﻳﻮارﻫﺎي ﺑﻠﻨﺪ و ﺑﺮج ﻫﺎ و ﺑﺎروﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﻮد و اﻳﻦ اﺳﺘﺤﻜﺎﻣﺎت را از ﻫﺮ ﻃﺮف درﻳﺎﺋﻲ ﻋﻤﻴﻖ اﺣﺎﻃﻪ داﺷﺖ .و در ﻣﻮرد ﻣﺤﺎﺻﺮه اﺳﻜﻨﺪر آرد :دﻳﻮدور ﻧﻮﻳﺴﺪ) :ﻛﺘﺎب 17ﺑﻨﺪ (4ﺟﻬﺖ ﻋﻤﺪه ٔ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﺻﻮر اﻳﻦ ﺑﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮاﺳﺖ اﺳﻜﻨﺪر را ﻣﻌﻄﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ و ﺑﺪارﻳﻮش وﻗﺖ دﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ او ﻗﺸﻮن ﺟﺪﻳﺪي ﺑﺮاي ﻧﺒﺮد ﺑﺎ اﺳﻜﻨﺪر ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻛﻨﺪ و ﻣﺮدم ﺻﻮر اﻣﻴﺪوار ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻳﻦ ﻛﺎر ﻃﺮف ﺗﻮﺟﻪ درﺑﺎر اﻳﺮان ﮔﺸﺘﻪ ،ﭘﺎداﺷﻬﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺰرگ ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ) .اﻳﺮان ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎن ج 1ص .(1332در ﻣﺪﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺳﭙﺎﻫﻴﺎن اﺳﻜﻨﺪر ﺷﻬﺮ ﺻﻮر را ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺻﺮه داﺷﺘﻨﺪ ،ﻣﺮدم ﺻﻮر ﺷﺠﺎﻋﺖ و ﺗﺪﺑﻴﺮ را ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻜﺎر ﺑﺮده ﺑﺎ ﻣﻬﺎرت و ﺟﺎﻧﺒﺎزي زاﻳﺪاﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ ﭼﻨﺪاﻧﻜﻪ ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻨﺪ از ﻫﺠﻮم دﺷﻤﻦ ﻣﻤﺎﻧﻌﺖ ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ ،ﻟﻴﻜﻦ دوام ﻣﺤﺎﺻﺮه از ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮ و رﺳﻴﺪن ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﻛﻤﻜﻲ از ﺳﻮي دﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﺮاﻧﺠﺎم ﺑﻪ ﺗﺴﺨﻴﺮ ﺻﻮر ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻲ ﮔﺸﺖ .اﺳﻜﻨﺪر ﭘﺲ از ﺗﺴﺨﻴﺮ ﺻﻮر ،ﺷﻘﺎوت و درﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻋﺠﻴﺒﻲ از ﺧﻮد ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ از او ﺑﺮوز ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﻛﺮد .اودﺳﺘﻮر داد ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﺮدم ﺷﻬﺮ را ﺟﺰ آﻧﺎﻧﻜﻪ ﺑﻤﻌﺎﺑﺪ ﭘﻨﺎه ﺑﺮده اﻧﺪ ﺑﻜﺸﻨﺪ؛ وﻟﻲ از ﻣﺮدم ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﻛﺴﻲ ﺑﻤﻌﺎﺑﺪ ﻧﺮﻓﺖ و ﺗﻨﻬﺎ زﻧﺎن و ﻛﻮدﻛﺎن در ﻣﻌﺎﺑﺪ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ .ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻣﺮدم راﻣﻘﺪوﻧﻴﻬﺎ ﻛﺸﺘﻨﺪ؛ دوﻫﺰار ﺟﻮان ﺻﻮري را ﺑﻄﻮل ﺳﺎﺣﻞ ﺑﺪار آوﻳﺨﺘﻨﺪ .زﻧﺎن و اﻃﻔﺎل را اﺳﻴﺮ ﻛﺮده ﺑﺮده وار ﺑﻪ ﻣﺰاﻳﺪه ﻧﻬﺎدﻧﺪ) .اﻳﺮان ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎن ﺻﺺ .(1341-1332در ﻗﺎﻣﻮس ﻛﺘﺎب ﻣﻘﺪس آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ :ﺻﻮر )ﺻﺨﺮه ( ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺴﺖ ﻓﻴﻨﻴﻘﻲ و ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻓﺖ ﺳﻔﺮ ﻫﻔﺖ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ در ﺟﻨﻮب ﺻﻴﺪون واﻗﻊ و ﺑﺮ ﻳﻚ ﻳﺎ دو ﺟﺰﻳﺮه ﺑﻨﺎ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ .ﻃﻮﻟﺶ از ﺳﺎﺣﻞ ﺑﻘﺪر ﻧﺼﻒ ﻣﻴﻞ و اﻣﺘﺪادش ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻨﺎً ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﻞ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ و ﺻﻮر را در ﻗﺪﻳﻢ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ دﻳﮕﺮي ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﺣﻞ درﻳﺎ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ .ﭘﻠﻲ ﻧﻴﻮس ﮔﻮﻳﺪ :ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺟﺰﻳﺮه ٔ ﺻﻮر دو ﻣﻴﻞ و ﻧﺼﻒ و ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺧﻮد ﺟﺰﻳﺮه و ﺻﻮر ﻗﺪﻳﻢ 17ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ .ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﻴﺎن و ﻓﻴﻨﻴﻘﻴﺎن ﺑﺮآﻧﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺻﻮر ﻳﻜﻲ از ﺷﻬﺮﻫﺎي ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﻗﺪﻳﻢ و زﻳﺒﺎ اﺳﺖ .ﻫﻴﺮودوﺗﺲ ﮔﻮﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺎن ﺻﻮر وي را ﺧﺒﺮ دادﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺻﻮر 2750ﺳﺎل ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻣﺴﻴﺢ ﺑﻨﺎ ﺷﺪه و در ﻛﺘﺎب ﻣﻘﺪس در ﻋﺼﺮ ﻳﻮﺷﻊ ﻣﺬﻛﻮر اﺳﺖ و در آن وﻗﺖ ﺷﻬﺮ ﺣﺼﺎرداري ﺑﻮده ) .ﺻﺤﻴﻔﻪ ٔ ﻳﻮﺷﻊ ...(19:29دور ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ اﺻﻞ اﻫﺎﻟﻲ ﺻﻮر از ﺻﻴﺪون ﺑﻮده اﻧﺪ. )ﺻﺤﻴﻔﻪ ٔ ﻳﻮﺷﻊ 13؛ ﺳﻔﺮ ﺧﺮوج .(32:30و در وﻗﺖ ﺳﻠﻄﻨﺖ داود و ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺣﻴﺮام ﻛﻪ در آن زﻣﺎن ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺎر ﺻﻮرﺑﻮد ،ﺑﺎ داود و ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻮدت آﻣﺎده داﺷﺖ ...و اﻫﺎﻟﻲ ﺻﻮر ﭼﻮﺑﻬﺎ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﻨﺎي ﻫﻴﻜﻞ اورﺷﻠﻴﻢ و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺑﻨﺎﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﻬﻮر اورﺷﻠﻴﻢ ﻣﻴﺪادﻧﺪ .ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻃﻮر ﻛﻪ از ﺳﺮوﻫﺎي آزاد ﻟﺒﻨﺎن از ﺻﻮر ﺑﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺎ ﺑﺮده و از آﻧﺠﺎ ﭼﻮب ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ اورﺷﻠﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺮدﻧﺪ و ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻛﺎران ﺻﻮر در اورﺷﻠﻴﻢ ﻫﻤﻮاره ﻣﺸﻐﻮل اﻧﺠﺎم ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻣﻬﻤﻪ و دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. )دوم ﺳﻤﻮﺋﻞ 5:11و 12و اول ﺗﻮارﻳﺦ اﻳﺎم 2:2و 3و .(11در ﺳﺎل 720ق .م .ﺷﻠﻤﻨﺎ ﺻﻮر را ﺑﻤﺪت ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎل ﻣﺤﺎﺻﺮه ﻛﺮد ،ﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ از اﻳﻦ ﻣﺪت ﻫﻢ ﺑﻤﻘﺼﻮد ﺧﻮد ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﻧﮕﺸﺘﻪ ،از آن ﭘﺲ ﺑﺨﺖ اﻟﻨﺼﺮ آﻧﺮا ﻣﺪت ﺳﻴﺰده ﺳﺎل ﻣﺤﺎﺻﺮه ﻧﻤﻮد ﻛﻪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎي آن 592ق .م .ﺑﻮد .ﻟﻜﻦ در ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﺑﻬﻴﭽﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻮﺟﻮه ﻣﺬﻛﻮر ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺨﺖ اﻟﻨﺼﺮ آﻧﺠﺎ را ﻣﻔﺘﻮح ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﻳﺎ ﻧﻪ .و ﻳﻮﺳﻴﻔﻮس ﺧﻮد ﻧﻴﺰ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﻠﺐ را ﻣﺤﻘﻖ ﻧﻨﻤﻮده ،اﻣﺎ ٔﺗﺎوﻳﻼت اﻳﺸﺎن درﺑﺎره ٔ آﻧﭽﻪ در ﺻﺤﻴﻔﻪ ٔ ﻣﻘﺪﺳﻪ ٔ ﺣﺰﻗﻴﻞ 29:18وارد ﮔﺸﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ از ﺻﻮر ﺑﻪ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺧﺪﻣﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ در آن ﻧﻤﻮده ﺑﻮد ﺧﻮدش و ﻟﺸﻜﺮش ﻫﻴﭻ ﻓﺮد ﻧﻴﺎﻓﺘﻨﺪ .اﻳﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﻓﺘﺢ و ﻋﺪم ﻓﺘﺢ ﺻﻮر اﺧﺘﻼف دارﻧﺪ .ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ ﺻﻮر را ﻣﻔﺘﻮح ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ،ﻟﻜﻦ در آﻧﺠﺎ ﻣﺎل و ﻏﻨﻴﻤﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺨﺎرج و زﺣﻤﺎت ﺷﺎﻗﻪ ﻓﻮق اﻟﻌﺎده او ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻧﻴﺎﻓﺖ ؛ وﻟﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ از اﻳﻦ واﻗﻌﻪ ﺻﻮر ﺧﻮد را ﺗﺎﺑﻊ و ﻣﻄﻴﻊ ﻗﻮم ﻓﺎرس ﻧﻤﻮده ،ﻋﻤﺎرﺗﻲ ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﺑﺮاي ﺣﻜﻮﻣﺖ ﻓﺎرس ﺑﺮآورده ...ﺻﻮر ﺣﺎﻟﻴﻪ در ﺷﻤﺎل ﻏﺮﺑﻲ اﻟﺠﺰﻳﺮه ٔ ﻗﺪﻳﻢ واﻗﻊ ،ﻃﻮﻟﺶ رﺑﻊ ﻣﻴﻞ و ﻋﺮﺿﺶ 180ﻗﺪم ﺑﻮد،
ﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﻪ ٔ ﺷﺪت ﻓﺮاﻫﻢ ﺷﺪن رﻳﮕﻬﺎي درﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﻋﺮﺿﺶ در ﻧﺰدﻳﻚ دﺷﺖ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﻞ و در ﻧﺰد دﻳﻮار ﻗﺪﻳﻢ ﺑﻴﺶ از ﺛﻠﺚ ﻣﻴﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﻫﻤﻮاره آﺛﺎر دﻳﻮار ﻗﺪﻳﻢ ﻧﻤﻮدار اﺳﺖ و در آن دﻳﻮار ﺳﻨﮕﻲ ﺑﻜﺎر ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻃﻮﻟﺶ 17ﻗﺪم و ﻋﺮﺿﺶ 6ﻗﺪم و ﻧﻴﻢ ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﺪ و در ﻛﻨﺎردرﻳﺎ ﺳﻨﮕﻬﺎي ﻣﻌﻈﻢ و ﻗﻄﻌﺎت ﺳﺘﻮﻧﻬﺎي ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎر اﺳﺖ و ﻓﻌﻼً در ﻋﻮض ﺗﺠﺎر و ﺷﺎﻫﺰادﮔﺎن ،ﻣﺎﻫﻲ ﮔﻴﺮان داﻣﻬﺎي ﺧﻮد را در آﻧﺠﺎ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺴﺘﺮاﻧﻨﺪ) .ﺣﺰﻗﻴﺎل .(26:14و در آﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﺴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺠﻤﺎﻋﺖ ﻻﺗﻴﻦ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻴﺸﻮد و اﻣﻜﺎن دارد ﻛﻪ آن ﻛﻠﻴﺴﺎ درﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺴﺎﺋﻲ ﻛﻪ در ﺳﻨﻪ ٔ 323م .ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺲ ﺷﺪه اوﺳﻲ ﺑﻴﻮس در آﻧﺠﺎ ﺑﺸﺎرت داد ﺑﻨﺎ ﺷﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻓﻌﻼً از اﻳﻦ ﺷﻬﺮ ﭘﻨﺒﻪ و ﺗﻮﺗﻮن و ﺳﻨﮓ آﺳﻴﺎ ﻛﻪ از ﺣﻮران آورده ﻣﻴﺸﻮد ﻣﻲ آورﻧﺪ و ﻋﺪد ﻧﻔﻮس ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻨﺎً 5000اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺼﻒ اﻳﺸﺎن ﻣﺴﻠﻢ و ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﻧﺼﺎري ﻣﻴﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ و در آﻧﺠﺎ ﻣﻌﺪودي ﻳﻬﻮد و ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻘﺒﺮه اي ﺑﻤﺴﺎﺣﺖ ﻗﻠﻴﻞ در ﺑﻴﺮون ﺷﻬﺮ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .ﻣﻴﮕﻮﻳﻨﺪ ﻗﺒﺮ ﺣﻴﺮام اﺳﺖ و آﺛﺎر ﻗﻨﺎﺗﻬﺎي ﻗﺪﻳﻤﻪ ﻛﻪ آب از ﻛﻮه ٔراس اﻟﻌﻴﻦ در ﺷﻬﺮ ﻣﻲ آﻣﺪه اﺳﺖ دﻳﺪه ﻣﻴﺸﻮد) .از ﻗﺎﻣﻮس ﻛﺘﺎب ﻣﻘﺪس ﺻﺺ .(569-566 ﻣﻨﺒﻊ : ﻟﻐﺖ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ دﻫﺨﺪا : http://loghatnaameh.org )ﭘﻴﺮﻧﻴﺎ.ح،اﻳﺮان ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎن(1379،
"از ﺳﺮي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ درﻳﺎﻧﻮردي و راﻫﻬﺎي آﺑﻲ در دوره ﻫﺨﺎﻣﻨﺸﻴﺎن" ﺗﻬﻴﻪ وﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ :ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺎن ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ زﻳﺮ آب در اﻳﺮان ""Maritime in Achaemenid period: Tyre
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