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to greater transparency in public financial management, including disclosing regular, detailed and timely information on the volume, allocation and – when possible – results of development expenditure. There is also a commitment to ensure that mutual assessment reviews are in place by 2010 to strengthen accountability mechanisms and fight corruption.9 This plethora of policies, rules and procedures for financial flows outside the UNFCCC system contributes towards transparency in their separate streams, but they are not coherent and none has a specific focus on ensuring the accountability of adaptation funds. The remainder of this section, therefore, focuses on the specific adaptation funds that have been created under the UNFCCC (the GEF-managed funds and the Adaptation Fund), and on the provisions for funding included in the Copenhagen Accord and the subsequent Cancún Agreements. It follows the template provided in table 5.1, which presents an overview of the most pertinent issues in the negotiations on adaptation finance. Generation
Governance
Delivery
Use
Equity
Effort-sharing between providers of adaptation funding, taking into account the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities.
Equitable representation of developed and developing countries.
Eligibility criteria and prioritization among countries based on their level of vulnerability.
Prioritization within countries based on the level of vulnerability and other nationally defined criteria.
Transparency
Transparent flow of finance stemming from various sources and generated through various mechanisms.
Transparent decision-making in line with just rules of procedures of governing bodies.
Transparent operational policies and guidelines.
Adherence to the principle of subsidiarity and a transparent selection process.
Accountability
Monitoring and reviewing of the provision of new and additional finance.
Provisions in rules of procedures to prevent conflicts of interests and deter corruption.
Adherence to operational policies and guidelines in delivering resources.
Monitoring and reviewing of the implementation of adaptation actions.
Table 5.1 Overview of issues related to equity, transparency and accountability in the generation, governance, delivery and use of adaptation finance
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