1ialHit

CU Fhe tronsuenne secdjon ok gluen plont matenias, hon o6senve under Compound mieroleope

epidem is oudnmen aing/e catw, hick ngion, uwi* no o0 hoi, cWs or highly cuti'wloied oukworlly.

C6 CoTkx corkr ii wdl dedined wiA oukr collenchymaoua rella ond inner pamnchy malo s rA

Edoenmis Dnntr mat layer e ronkx uwith slarth depnion hence also called " g4oreh sheakh " perieyde! Dnner to endademi lies omi luna Compotk ondse-letenthumaloua layer, whith urenle podeuele, Uotular istue ' oscular Arue bunteo orn omongrd in whg Armalon , the vanukn burdles on "conjoint, tolla kol, en dowh ond open "

(P pitA Iweu deßined pormnthymalous pith prenl at conhe.

o. Aoof hen epi6lema absent.

6. vameuwo fisoue t endoeh. - 9Pem c. Conex very wel/ vebberanaiakd d. voular bunde in ing Anmakon. vaowr Atrue Conjoink, collakral, edarth & opn f weu debine od pim bWank.- - -Drelem

Hence, he ivon pont mafnal ir "Wicoblodonuo Pen "

Teacher's Signature, uppe epidvmis skrnoei cham bex K Bu'e shealh rneophytt Cround lisçue) yem phloem

Jwex epidoumis

Budle ghe ah exknsion

Cuf trangverse seckon o6 9iven plont makial ond bceue dr compound microrcope

TBOB AGA :- 9he 29, oA Aiuen mawrr is not eiravr buk £lak pideamis Sing/e ayer o epidenmis with glomala on boh upP Onod low &Unbace con be seen, Some lorg " utlikam cyalto pton*

C8) Ground iue epresen ed by chlorophy!l tonain ing " enophy! celt" wi no ja pre etlu/ar spore he mgion ic nok dickmnr'able ino paliro ds ond epongy pornthyma.

0 VouWr bundle Seuverc) uonwlor bundle o neandy come cise

Con be Seen wih ik boh side conleining Sclenenehymalous exkentions" which Teoth upo upper ond lowOr epilermis,

Fach 6un dle is proetkd by gtereh Containsng "6tundle theath " cel, vascuwar budle i *eonjoink Collalesal c/ored " with kyem towota uper epider.

-mit a ph /oem lownds lown pidtnmit.

9.Fodentisicalion,

. outline s Alak wi uppon a ower epiderm.

6.prentt thmoka - - teab o. 2.9.is isobilakeral. d. Garound rssue Can' be dClennbiakd in to Dolisade Ond spongy DOnthy ma. e. prnce ob 6udNFom cun Mano cok ko

Hentt, the given plont matrjal ir "Manoc le o" Toacher's Signature.

Cuticle

Uppe epfdemis

Bundle sheoth exlenjon

>palisode posepnchyma undle shea'h prolonylem metonylem

Spongy pasunmhyma ph'otmn

Bundle she ah

3omota opening

Louex epideumis loue epid uumal Culic

Plont mofial- (4)

Page No. 106,

Cu he tron euerre oeckon o4 given pMonk maberia ord obterue id undtr ompaund microttope.

Let- 9he ?.s. oA #iuen dont makrid it nd eireulor óut Fa

CA Edmls epicormis is sing/e layeord, hie k cusiwlorind ond pnennt on 6 oh s/de (upper- /owon ), wih somak only on lower epitnit, roun d Tinve! ¢eorhy ditotntiable into uppor compoty arrang ed palicade " ond lowor " Spong y Doreathymo"

CCy Uoruwor T'scue!. Seueral voeulur bundlu o d'Ffn sres

Can be goen in ?. 9. Jusl aboue He vgoruler bunele lies "Darnchumatous bundk kntioA " whieh exknd upko upper ond lo w epidemis he vooeusan 6undle is 0oajoink, collakral ondr6sed ". wh p

-oxWe m Pocing owords uppen epidernis and phlo en ouonds lo uwer epidemit

g. Dhe e, is Plal but nol orulr

6. Poeoent 06 thmoBa d.Ground 4stvediFRnnhoble into uppe palirade lauyn & louwen pong y pownchym e.Bunelle theah exkncion o* po*nchymakoua

C. 29. s donsiuenr wi ohomala only on lousn 1ide.

- (eo% enco, he given plonl makia/ i irokkydonao leab"

A voulon 6undes ob diPAanl eice s .-. ----. Dicok tooh .

Teacher's Signature s

CutiL ichom

2pidems ea Jote Bindleg

> Cone*

Shonth shesh

Secondery phloton

Combium

Crushed miny phloem

Serondory xylem piynylem cenhd pith

CE the aneuerse sechion o iven materiw 4 o6serbe it une com pounc microrc o0 :-

2.0680atiena : he ouHne is ongular uwih y onglea protruded as bulges, aHer anakemita o6seuaom on aa Ao/lorws

A)Epedermis he epidermis is oukemont layer, i t singe layend with Cuhce onod mony mulHelula trichameo.

C8) Cortew Coder s very well diAlen4o6 e into outer Collen chymo ond inner pomnehyma. he innn layer ie. pomnchyna nulGtayend aone wh inrceu/or 8pare,

9he oukr layer ie. Collenchymg r seuera layend deep In 6ulges bu few lay e*d in oMUr inkmediak aonea.

CoTeal Gundleo" His o* uACular 6unellea presen in con - lex o4 y 6ulegea, his 6unces e "Conjoint, Cellatoral,exowh

Open" hotn alley em bundles o endareh but hem he prohxylem lie toworda epidemi.

Phe xylem cortia/ bundes ore premnt touonda eniderni's cwhile phloem touwrdo pih hence oe also called " 2nionted 6oh eWemenh * sepenrakd by Comóium wh*h is ochue ond "produre very iWe omun o Seuondery Growh

Teacher's Signature.

Cuticl epidenmis

Cotical bu nd 'c ylem of cnhcal bun dle. phloe nm

Collenchyma Cont ponenthyma

Stoncb sheah paimon phloem ('Cruthr setordoy ph'oem cembium

Seondory *ylem pimny t lem porolonyem f P pih c) Endodenmis otAinch endodeamio aboent

Cd)perlcycle- single layned, distinck fnms o compele ning.

) ua9cwr tissue ! his Qrr rue vmuson 6undle, i Conyoini, colloteoal, endereh a open " whi*h Follou foto w'ng st guence pmm Oy phloem setondory phloem Cam6?um serondory xylem oimamy kykm,

Phe primoy phloem is omo Comp/ee ly orushed while he Setondary phloem Brme o tonkinuoun luyen dound Con 6ium, innn lo Com - bium en mul tilayeeod serondary xykm a pin y xy lem whih it inn. -mont wih prooxy/em scing towenda pi. ,

CA) Di - we developcol port chymabouo piha cenhe.

" prnente o Coricas bundlea alco caled teaß frste bundlto" n hey or poioned posoned aut beJous 6uldges of leab troces, al e -net o 9uadrongulon gem,

9his corital bund'es n nef direcHy tonneekd to rue voo eu bundle prant in ner to perrycle

"he corHcal bundles o inveskd ag heir phloenm A touword pith while xylem oworda epidermis.

Teacher's Signature

9. Eoi blema CAoot hoirt) absent, 6u thome prexnt

6. voculo bundle is collakras, t(onjoink u edoreh - 3/em e.Combium "Secondory growth "preen - -Bicel 9kem

C. Corkex wll diffemnkakd.

. vacuwn bunde in aing Armakon.

P8lem .s. ouline is guodrangulan wik buldgea.

9. Presen corical bundle beraas bu ldges Nyclonheo

Wence, he giuen madenia is oicoklydonus okm of "Nyeanthes

Teacher's Signature

Cut he ransvere seckion Oiven malerias a 0bserve il unde micro eeope, ufe compo und mitrostope

Phe outine appant a/mat ciron in ronuerse sec#on, uwith non unibom *ioge.

Ca@pems9be epdemis is ourtemend single layeed ceves wi

-th oukr Putë hauing hick cuede

@ Corker he corex is very uwel witfen tiaded into outen

Collenchymo und inner ponchy ma

Corter is mony layerrd 4hick bu ijt on/y w layered hic.

-k ner o under zkomae.he tollenchyma 3-5/ayer deep with hickening. pon chna ties un der the collenthyma ,ik ceu conain chlonoplaak , 9ntercelula space Preent

C)Endodermis Aepoenenee by, ginglelayed slarth sheath. shile, he penicycle is indisinet".

DjVogcuor #$sue3 ninged vagcuwo syskem pean he one oulemmont as a true vmeulor bunoll e while tmeaining kwo ie in bih re8ion henee caued medulary bundlen he vaeud n- bundle in outermnt rin9 a* many hey q"col adora). conjoin, endorth a epen '

Teacher's Signature,

Stomaa

Cuil

-> Epidenmris

> Cou enthy ma

Parnhyma anch shesh

Setondary phloem

>combium

>Secondony yen

Pimoy *y lem

> 0uer mudullany 6unde

Tnner medullany tude

> Ph'oem

> Combium medlir Bur

>yem

> pih

pimonY,Phloem- he protoxy lem ob true v»culan bundle is CUsArd setona

- y pbem is drrknt ond Comóium very wey deueloped Seperoirg secon -dory ph/o em and see ondory xykem Followe d 6y mimory ylem, he uoeulor bundle og micd le ringe are lem thon ouker

-mt buk ce lange in size ,hy o also "conjoint, collokoral, ersbrthaon. he uooeular bundle e inner mtnirg it lorgeol buk feuo te clora to bikh it is alto " Conjoint , collokral, endarch a open " e) pith -Cenhally locakd smaua pornchymalous.

poeense ob inne two igs oh uanuwor bundle eaued medullory bundle "an they anr lotaed in pith, the only contain inra Apicular cam6ium and show very üHHe recondury growth

9. Rook hair /t absen in Ts.

6. Uoceular bundle is conjoint, Colaleral a endorchCcorkex uery weuu liffennialed.

duaocular bundle in ing Anmokon.

Combium "9e condary growkh preeent .

Skem

3 inged voocuwn bundle with beingmedullo bundes---Bonhaauia

Hence, he given malerial it dieolydonus sem of "Boerhaauia"

Teacher's Signature.

Ridae epidermis

Sclem nchyma

Paisade ponththyma

Contica bundle varuder bund pith

(uilin) ouf the transuerie seh/on eh given mukerla/, 4han obsenue 4under compoun d mitrose ope

1.Oa aliona-9he ouklin e oppert circu/or bu w?h monguor iges 4g o0ag

A) epidenm/s oulemrt gingle leyond cells whih o* highíy cukeuania ed in ouler regjon, 8unken 9omghu prernt, Brming he grooves hee numero ua ougnowthe called "hoi* "an poeoent in 8rooues cround shomala.

8) Cenferveny we diFfnen Hafed inko hy podenmis, pal sode ond ponenchyma.

Hypderms lien in IrOoU, un conHinuouA Jush beneath he epidmit o tniongulan idgea or 7 shaped a Selerenchymatous "

Hypodemis * Allouwed 6y "polisade "some wha " M-ghoped" e below the hypodemit D/y in triongw Tidgea, "Covira voocular Bundle " palisode is Allowed 6y coninuo w nonenchymakous Conkx which contain " vancuWar bundle " 6ul only below vdges, his ugouwr buro /ea om "Conjoint, Collalerad, endarnh& open", cy Endooemis Endoderm/s ia single layed uith sanh sheath while he peicycle ir indisinct'"

(o) UouWor issue- Ohe true uoculor bundlea 0re smaWer thon Cordica 6undle ond lies " ony below the grooues"

Sclenchymaloup cap CaLUe d" Bundle cap " prroenk Juot ab -oUe eath bunde,hic o* " Conjoink, collalead, endarth opn"

Toacher's Signature,

Aidge cuicde eptdemia

>lerenthy malouo Hyrdenmk ai

Ridge Sunten stomal palicode > phloem

Cortto Combum yem vacuyur bwrle pertnthymokous coita sharuh shealh Céndode om e) phloen

>Cambium , V»cenlar eylen J bun!e pih

CE) DI well de uofoped pannchy mal-ous plh poeank atcen

D. Aomalosus chaeacdex pr eense ob v ancwor 6undles in co7tex, henre Caled" CorH¢a bundl whith ie belouw idgeo only and o akanot two true vancuar

- bundk o0 hey lie 6e/ous grooves only, it vocular bunee oe G and am" Conjoink, collakeral, endoch ond o/en "

a. Uosculor burdes one corjoint, coltateno, endorrh. ond open ype---- Blem

6. Cortex weu dirleren Haed d,Com6ium " gecondery growhh peen k Oicol ghem e. 8.ob makericy hon groous a triongw ridge.wiharo0ue ai".

C.uawcw ar bundle in rng formak'on .

A drence o covwcal bundln beburidgen--- - CosUoTing

Hence, 4he giuen makniad ditolydonus ckm af " Coçina "

Expt. No.

Anomalous chorocer Dlont (4)

Page No.52

Cuk o honsuerte seciion ob given maleri han obserue i unden mitroccope (uco Comnound microteode)

he OuHine is almost circuwor wih uisi6le cork jurt beneah 4he fenictt» oDenings , oMer anakomitas obsenvakione cre o Follow¢

CA) Perideam he po^idem Composed o oultr phellen ,miod -egeneraue phellogen- and inner phellodem a/so called respec Auely Cok"', " owk combium " & " Serondory Contex"

CB) Cen#ice/g - Feu lenticles octur in phetlen on ouker cork here the cells of phellen ore thiek.and uberized but dead while 4he cork cam biun or phellogen is only one to two lay e d with Compremed eehong uwor generaHue cela pidexma

CC Contex Jusk beneahh the phetlodenm osetondary conex ies he rue conen seeandary cotex is fomed he phellogen cut out ceuts tn - urrda ie. touwonde cortex duning seondary 8roh, he rue corkx is nof very wul dicFeen iable ", ap he whole Corkx cons isk oh ouad pamnchymatous cello. hi ponmnchym akous cas hao slerth depoci k'on in it and ore wih intercewor sparea, he uos cus bundles can be seen in boHh primary or true Corex ond seuwndory conkx.

Teacher's Signature.

- Cank cett

S corkN

s cambium conjuntrue tissuek etele ylem > phloem ssue

GiTou tissue phloem vayulan iunde (Inner-JTue

C) voscuwor issue cyelem Numerouo vanculan bunlleo o6 difemnf

Sixen can be oeen ie sca#ornd in Comicad region.

9he Size o his vanculor 6undlea increoma 4oworda he cere yOscwo bundles om preent in bokh oukr Secondary Corkex a weu o innen primary cotex,

The vao culan 6undles ob vecoobry corex oe com/ponalivety malle thon ha o twue corte, he voscuor bundle ob setondary toker oe ako caued

Serondony veocuen bundlen " As 4hey an Fommed ao *eult og SecondorV gr

-0w

Each vosculor bundle ir Concenhie i:e, "Dmphivanal " whe phloem it surrounded by xulem he tuancuw bundlea ob true cank* o some as fecodory hwo he Uaocwan bundles an "Conjaink, colloberal, endorch and elored vancwo Cembiumn absent in boh detondary end pimoy uc cubr bundlea

- vouwar bundle but ene Joduly bi'9gen on we eoch cenbe ob 7. S.

Seeondory growh absen+ in u cuarbundles hence sec

-Dndary xylem & Seeondary phlom adco absent

Ce) Ground Tiscue he cells qre panenchy makoup ond exk.

- ndo from Periderm to cenu ling almo} enh avie,

CP) Di - Wel debined Pith abscent.

Teacher's Signature.

A very lale shoge of deue/ojpmen, the enchy makoue region ob our corkx beeome memisl maic èrming " cork comblum " whith cu ouk 6oth secondary vaocuor 6un dle ond oe Londory Cortex towonds inner inde, hence insro. sing diomtkr ob skm caning "Serandory growh" In conhens to true ocdo bu.

-nye whith oe Collokaal "he" Voscworr bundle og Serondory Conkr o Con.

- cenic or Amphiuos al "

. Aoo hairi or epiblema absent.

6. vorcuor bundlle prenent one Cllalena/, conjaint 4 endorh--- 8lem.

C. voscuon bundles ore seakterad o. Primay umculo burdlea Ore c/osed 4ype. h. Secondory v aseuwen bundles ore amphiuana!. i.Secondory growh onty due to Cork com6/um. Cork Combium cus onty towords innrside. - noco ena

.Ce r is not uwellcleFfemnsioble. pith is indistinc4.manocok s/em.

Preese e oj cor* Combium buk uoccu ar camb/um o absc ent.

Hente, the grven mokeniay is manocoHlydonu shem o rocena_

Toacher's Signature

S-8len: Bignenia (gadlinn)

Cuk the toreverse gecion « given malenil and oóseove the mada undr Compound microstoPe.

Phe ouHine oh 4ronsuerse secon oh iuen makeial s nok oirtu/or bul almont 9Uo drongu/ar.

CA)Epidemh he eoilemis oukenmeak, sigle lawemd wih ceug being highg cukieuloiged.

(8)Covkex Epidermis is Aollowed by (o-r which ic only Seo /ayetd deed, coer is mode oh poenehymoa/o us celA with mony inderteuw -lor spores inbekween d) pericy ehle uss 6eneakh the endodermis iea the diseonkinu

Co)Epcodomjs olistinch endarlenmis adsenf , inskead o pornehym - aoun layer wih goreh doponikon taled "glaneh sheath " reDwank he endodemio.

- oWA Dathes 06 Se/een chymukou reus which repenk peric ycle,

CP oocu/or discue 8Uskem he vaocedon icrue suekm tieo belou

Deitycle, wih U-shoped phlo em weoes al coer ob 7. The vooculor tirue * open fue ie, Com bium peant, the Combium cuw-ouhk Serundary Phloem fowonds oukr Side secudory xylem

Teacher's Signature

Cuide &pidenmis

Sech Ghesh prnnorny phlst fibre eronelory phl m fa

Cornb oword inner gde, bud he 9erondary phloem of comens ourrg7

Ow ond intodud C inudes ) inworda to seceondory xulem foming U*shoyed wed .

AA 3i ob intuckion U-sh oped wedges on dbTmed due fo se

Condory phloem. howeve he setodory phloem od retondory xulem on gH Sepuroed 6y tonk eombium, he uotuor combium is only ingle layern hence i ir alko Cauled "nisutoce Comóium" he vaneular bundte s *coltokral, conjoink, edanh a open " &ype.auith primoy xuWem or prefozytem Aclng towords nith.

An ohe poaikion ie. inóekuren tornert, their is nomau grouth o secondory ph/em hece no wedges Con be seen.

CF) pith wetu debined parnchymatoua pim prean at cenhe 9.9. o6 gven makenial.

Duning seondoay grouh / uery lakr skge ag deve/opmen, the Cambium cule ouk secondory Phloen fouw nd oul* side 4hon cecondory xy. Jem touwn do innr side, 4his neoul* in gotoler setondory phloem af A uedg, shi'th than inhures setonoory vylem Jerming U-shopd wedg in Secondary sy/em. 4hs obnovmaliay is indiauy neshikd o only

-agon ally ploced nothes buk aler it may oceun in oher plate ao wt.

Teacher's Signature.