1944-February Shipmate

THE EYES AND THE EARS OF THE NAVY

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EXCLUSIVE! Details of SALERNO LANDING

7 ^ Af/i^Af^ are /a/7c///rf^ THEY'VE GOT WHAT IT TAKES T h e Marines have a word for it—"Paramarine."

T h a t is what they call these flying, jumping, fighting men. And the Marines have a word for their favorite cigarette, too. Sure, it's " C a m e l " - C a m e l s are the favorite in all the services!

y o u BET CAMELS ARE t^^^p

FIRST WITH MEi

k>*?»

THEY'VE GOT WHAT IT TAKES m FLAVOR AND ' •*.». ->. * *

/MILDNESS

"Hook on . . . ready. . . go!" That's the order that sends them into action. And when the situation is "well in hand," another "pack "comes into action—Camels, the favorite with men in the Marines.

FIRST TRAINING

in t h e Service

TOWER.

The favorite cigarette with men in the Army, Navy, Marines, and the Coast Guard is Camel.

It's 250 feet straight down! And it's here the fledgling Paramarine learns to take to the air . . . to land on his feet, ready to fight.

(Based on actual sales records.)

CAMELS SUIT ME TOA'T' THEY TASTE GRAND AND THEy .

DON'T GET MY I THROAT

check Camels with your •zone' The "T-ZONE"-Taste and T h r o a t —is t h e p r o v i n g ground for cigarettes. Only yoar taste and throat can decide which cigarette tastes best to you . . . and how it affects your throat. For your taste and throat are absolutely individual to you.

Based on the experience of millions of smokers, we believe Camels will suit your "T-ZONE" to a "T."

•^\

U. J. KcyiiohlsTolitircn Company Winston-Salcin, N. C.

WAR aONM

TT. DOME'S"*^

ETHEL BRETT has a war job in a U. S. Navy Yard. Like the men in the Navy and Marine Corps, h e r w o r d for steady smoking pleasure is "Camel."

"No matter how much I smoke, Camels always taste good—and they're so easy on my throat."

A W O M A N G I V E S A MAIM

M

O R E planes might be named Diamond Lil if pilots and crews knew what this woman knows—that bombers wear jewels!

This woman is one of a lirrle group of war workers whose job is producing synrheric jewels for elecrric aircraft instruments. T h e jewels are tin\ bearings for moving parrs which must be as accurare, and are ajmost as small, as the parts of a fine watch. They are made from glass by a secrer process at a mass producrion rate, but each jewel must pass an inspection as exacting as a jeweler's appraisal of a precious stone. These jewels, which women are giving men to fly by, are given in painstaking devotion to precision—in manufacture and inspection.

Hiar the General Electric radio frograms: f.m.

EWT,

NBC—"The

World Today"

The development of these jewels is an example of the application of General Electric research and engineering to small things, as well as large. Before rhe war, and before G-E scientists developed a special process for making these jewels synthetically from glass, we used sapphires for these bearings— importing many of them. Think what it would mean, with America's thousands of planes requiring millions of insrruments, if we were still dependent upon a foreign source!

Small things perhaps, these jewels a woman gives a man—but in war, as in love, there are no little things.

General Electric Company, Schenectady, Neiv York.

"The

G-E All-girl

Orchestra"

Sunday 10

news, every weekday 6:45 p.m. EWT,

CBS.

This magnifieil gla.s.q jewel, one of several types, is actually smaller t h a n a p i n h e a d . As o n e of the largest makers of aircraft ins t r u m e n t s , and as a supplier of jewels to other instrument makers, G e n e r a l E l e c t r i c is u n o f f i c i a l jeweler to many American planes.

GENERAL ® ELECTRIC 952-GO0C1-211

i 192,000 employees of General Electric are on their jobs producing war goods \ and buying over a million dollars of War Bonds every week to hasten

victory.

^ H A T ' S IN A NAME?

BUV

MORE WAR BONDS

D p U G L A S is F I R S T

^ ^ ^ ^ in aircraft w a r production, F I R S T in variety of

models produced. Dive bombers,

. ^ ^ ' ' attack bombers, long range heavy bombers, cargo

carriers, troop a n d paratroop t r a n s p o r t s —all of dependable Douglas manufacture—are carrying t h e fight to our enemies and supplying our forces on every front. I t is t h e pride of over 150,000 m e n and women w h o build

these planes so well t h a t now, more

t h a n ever, no other name in aviation means

C-47"Skytroin" C-54 "Skymaster" OB-7 "Boston" C-53 "Skytrooper" Combot Troniport A-20 "Hovoe"

A.24ai«ISDB "DoonHois" Dive Bomber

B-1 7F "Flying Forlrosi' Heavy Bomber

so m u c h to so m a n y as " Douglas."

B-24 "Liberator" Heavy Bomber

AIRCRAFT COMPANY Santa Monica, Calif.

LONG BEACH, El SEGUNDO, DAGGEn, CALIF • TULSA, OKLA. • OKLAHOMA CITY • CHICAGO

Member, Aircraft War Production Council, Inc.

iiitiMteit

II

A million ball bearings

And New Departure, America's most productive ball bearing plants, has put them there in Forts and Liberators to batter and blast the center of Nazidom.

In these supreme tests of performance, New Departure ball bearings serve in engines, props, superchargers, bombsights, instruments and many other parts of equal importance. They bear the loads and locate moving parts a c c u r a t e l y — h e l p make these heavy bombers function to perfection.

They take 'em there and bring 'em back!

NEW FEBRUARY,

1944

DEPARTURE

are over Berlin I I The importance of ball bearings in this war emphasizes the job they will do for post-war machines and applia n c e s — even better New Departure Ball Bearings because to half a century of experience will be added the lessons of wartime performance.

New Departure, Division of General Motors, Bristol, Connecticut.

3228 Nothing Rolls Like a Ball

BALL

BEARINGS

Why put an air-cooled aircraft engine in a tank ?

Because no other engine packs as much power into such small size. Tanks and gun carriers slog into battle on caterpillar treads, but they are similar to aircraft in that they require- an engine high in power, small in size, and light in weight. Other engines of equal power are massive, creating a vicious circle in which large size demands more armor plate, in turn adding weight and calling for more power to maintain speed.

Seasoned by years of operation in transport, private, and trainer planes, the Wright Whirlwind was the logical choice for the Army's medium tanks

and gun carriers. This engine, weighing but a scant 1% of the M-4 tank's 30 tons, packs 400 H P plus in its 45" diameter.

Enlisted in our armored divisions, the Whirlwind was assigned to combat duty with virtually all medium tanks and heavy gun carriers to reach the fighting fronts. In no sense a competitor to the air tonnage hauling Cyclone, the Whirlwind has nonetheless lived up to the Wright engine family tradition for light, compact power, adaptable to many purposes. * • • Wright

engines p a y t h e i r wqy.

WRIGHT POWERS THE TONNAGE OF THE AIR

^hinmaio ^^

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THE ARMY'S S C R - 2 9 9 COMMUNICATIONS COMMUNICATIO THE UNIT!

HALLICRAFTERS HAS THE HONOR OF BEING THE 1ST EXCLUSIVE RADIO MANUFACTURER TO RECEIVE THE ARMY-NAVY PRODUCTION AWARD FOR THE 3RD TIME! THE WORLDS LARGEST EXCLUSIVE MANUFACTURER OF SHORT WAVE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT

As beachheads and command posts a r e established, t h e SCR-299 built by Hallicrafters speeds ashore and immediately s t a r t s operation in voice and code, while stationary or speeding through woods and along rough roads under enemy fire.

Today these Giants of Military Radio are repeating this tough job, with the Allied Nations, on all the battlefronts of the world. Whether directing the fire of battle wagons lying offshore or the concentration of Allied land forces' fire on a strategic hill, the SCR-299 "gets the information t h r o u g h ! "

hallicrdfters RADIO

S(;Y MORE BONDS! THE

HALLICRAFTERS

FEBRUARY,

CO.,

1944

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OF

RADIO

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EQUIPMENT,

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THE PUBLICATION OF THE UNITED STATES NAVAL A C A D E M Y ALUMNI ASSOCIATION U. S. N A V A L ACADEMY, A N N A P O L I S , MD.

MANAGING HARRY

EDITOR

rAmmatP THE

EYES

AND

THE

EARS

OF THE

NAVY

t i t ff^M Mt^t %^

FEBRUARY, 1944

Vol. 7—No. 2

R. ENGLAND, '27

CONTENTS Details of Salerno Landings—Exclusive!

T h e Netherlands—Land and People—By Van Valkenburg

11 Samuel 15

America's First Sub Fleet—By Lt. Comdr.

Hatfield

Barnes,

USN

Robert

{Ret.)

18

Black Rock, Blue Water—£3; Lt. John Mason Brown,

USIVR

Atlanticdotes

20

Water Means Life—By Lts. (jg) John and Craighead,

19

Frank

USNR

23

T h e Japanese Emperor—By Helen Meats

25

It Was a Bomber's Paradise and W e Made It a Japanese Hell

26

Heat and Humidity—By Ivan Ray Tannehill

28

Miscellaneous Cargo

30

Spindrift—By Lee Shores

33

Navy Athletics

34

What's the Dope

36

T h e Searchlight

58

W e Waiting Wives

59

Navy's Peacetime Job to be Biggest in History

66

T h e Last Gall

76

Branch Association News

78

On the Beam

_

80

COVER—USN Martin Mariners over the harbor at Rio de Janeiro. In the background is the statue of Christos Redemptor—Christ the Redeemer—atop Corcovada peak.

Single copies 15c. Subscription Price $1.50 Per Year

President and Trustee

ADM. D . F . SELLERS, '94

CDR. C . M C K . LYNCH, '07

ADM. W . H . STANCLEY, '95

Vice Presidents and Trustees

ADM. H . E. YARNELL, '97

CDR. CLYDE W . K I N G , '22 GBORGE B . J U N K I N , '13

ADM. A . J. HEPBURN, '97

TRUSTEES R. ADM. THOMAS J. S E N N , '91

mmmm

CAPT. E. J. SADLER, '99 R. ADM. W I L S O N BROWN, '02 ADM. H . R . STARK, '03

ADM. C. V. ADM. R. ADM. V. ADM.

W . N I M I T Z , '05 R . W I L L S O N , '06 BRYSON BRUCE, '07 R . JACOBS, '07

Ex-Gov. L. C. STARK, '08 CDR. T . A . NICHOLSON, '10 LT. CDR. W . V. BRANDT, '11 CDR. M . D . GILMORE, '11

NORMAN O . W Y N K O O P , '16 CDR. V. F. BLAKESLEE, '20 GERALD A. STACEY, '22 J O H N WALDHAUSER, JR., '23 CDR. W . W . HONAKER, '26 (SC) CDR. T . J. HAMILTON, '27 LT. J. M. BURISTHAM, '41 ENS. J. L. MCCLANE, JR., '44

I Into the drink goes this RCA unit!

Tests applied to RCA equipment built for naval service are almost fantastically drastic.

Last month in this publication our advertisement showed an RCA unit exposed to the direct impact of a stream of water played upon it from a fire hose.

And that isn't all. Here we show RCA Communication Equipment actually being submerged in a tank of waterâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;and surviving undamaged.

Tests like these leave little room for doubt that RCA Communication Equipment can withstand any wetting shipboard service may bring.

It does.

RCA Interior Communication Equipment

RADIO CORPORATION OF AMERICA CAMDEN,

N.

J.

Moral Law IVloRAL law is the basis of beneficent human relations.

The degree of happiness and welfare of mankind is in direct ratio to our observance and practice of this law. Privileges, possessions and the rights of man are dependent upon it. It dictates the proper relation of man with man, community with community and nation with nation. It is the unwritten law of the spiritâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;the Golden Rule. Its deep influence on our lives is greater than any document, decree or dictum ever conceived or to be conceived by man.

Moral law is a universal law, absolute and eternal, directed by our conscience and not restricted by language, custom, boundary, time or circumstance.

It is the foundation of all sound man-made laws.

The present war-torn state of the world has been brought about because moral law has been ignored by some in high places.

When the armed forces of the United Nations have crushed the enemies of decency and right we must be prepared to dictate a peace which will be the embodiment of moral lawâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;a peace which will guarantee respect for the rights of others in political, industrial, economic, educational, cultural and spiritual relations, and the opportunity for all individuals and nations to live and work in peace and harmony with one another.

INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION

FEBRUARY,

1944

.

#

-

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"

•

»

*

%

,

,

HYDRAULIC GOVERNORS AND OVER-SPEED TRIPS

I CLEVELAND,

METAL PRODUCTS CO OHIO

•^f '?m^.

DETAILS

The following ship-by-ship account of how the landing at Salerno was accomplished is told here for the first time, based on information supplied by both the British Royal Navy and the United States Navy.—Editor.

T

HE story of the batde of Salerno which followed a few weeks after the capture of Sicily is now history, but this is the first full revelation of the Naval details. Without the support of the AUied Navies Salerno would never have fallen to our hands and it is more than likely that the Fifth and Eighth Armies would still be way down in the heel of Italy. For security reasons the whole story of Salerno had to be delayed till long after the objective was achieved; but it was the first occasion in which the American and British Navies were in action together against the enemy in full force and in a new type of warfare. The perfect co-operation and harmony of the AUied Navies in that very severe test speaks well for the cause of the Allies in the Pacific.

It should be enough to make the Japs prepare for the worst.

Salerno was not a Naval batde; it was a combined operation in which the Allied armies gained their final victory through the exceptionally heavy support which was given to them by the Allied Navies from the sea and in the air.

The task of the Allied Navies did not end with transporting the Army safely to its destination. The entire force had to be covered against possible attack from surface vessels and submarines and most of the fighter protection in the air had to be given by the Fleet Air Arm from aircraft carriers at sea. The assault was ordered to be "pressed home, regardless of loss or difficulty," and it was emphasized that the attack did not end with the arrival of the assault wave -and the capture of the beaches. It was upon the rapid follow up of reserves and the swift landing of supplies by the Allied Navies that the Army rehed to FEBRUARY,

1944

sustain the attack and give it complete success.

The Naval operations were composed of two main forces—the Western Task Force, and Force "H." The Western Task Force was divided into two—the Northern Attack Force and the Southern Attack Force (See plan page 14). The Northern Attack Force was under Commodore G. N. Oliver, R.N. in HMS HILARY. The Southern Attack Force was under Rear Admiral John L. HaU, Jr. U.S.N. in USS SAMUEL CHASE. Force "H" was under Vice Admiral Sir Algernon WiUis, RJST. in HMS N E L S O N ; and Rear Admiral Sir Philip Vian, R.N. in Force "H," commanded the carriers which gave most of the fighter cover over ships and beaches at the beginning of the assault. Rear Admiral Richard L. ConoUy, U.S.N. in USS BisCAYNE, volunteered to serve under Commodore Oliver as a Task Group Commander, though acmaUy his senior in rank.

T

HE object of the Western Task Force was to land enough forctes in the Gulf of Salerno to capmre a bridgehead for Naples and to secure the neighboring airdromes. Between Salerno and Agropoli, about twenty miles south, the

ground is fairly flat and the river Sele runs roughly half way between the two.

The Northern Attack Force landed British troops and supplies from the north bank of the River Sele to a point ten miles further north and about three miles south east of Salerno. The Southern Attack Force landed United States troops and supplies along the beaches from the south bank of the river Sele as far as Agropoli, eight mUes further south. Concurrently with these two main landings two smaUer landings were made along the coast west of Salerno for the purpose of seizing important mUitary objectives. One at Maiori, six miles west of Salerno, consisting of United States Ranger battalions; and the other at Vietri sul Mare, about one mUe west of Salerno. Force "H" consisted of a large covering force of battle ships, aircraft carriers, cruisers and destroyers.

A Task Group, pardy United States, partly British, and including the gunboats SoEMBA and FLORES of the Royal Netherlands Navy was assigned the duty of occupying the islands oflf the Gulf of Naples—^Ventotene, Ponza, Procida, Ischia and Capri. This Task Group was under Captain Andrews, U.S.N, in the US Destroyer K N I G H T . A Picket Group of sixteen United States P.T.'s under 11

Vice Admiral Sir Algernon U. Willis Admiral Sir Andrew Browne Cunningham, Britain's first sea lord.

Lieutenant Commander Barnes, U.S.N, was assigned the duty of screening the vessels of the Western Task Force against attack by enemy "E" boats and other surface craft.

AUied warships had also to provide the covering fire before the Assault, and the supporting fire after the first waves of troops were landed. They had to afford the necessary anti-aircraft fire over ships and beaches; while the anchorages and water ahead of the ships and craft landing troops and equipment had to be swept clear of mines. The minesweepers, indeed, accompanied by destroyers and other escorting craft, were in the very van of the assault.

Behind the actual assault were months of patient planning and the accumulated wisdom of previous amphibious operations. So minute was the final product that the numbers and locations of vehicles in each hatch of every ship had been worked out. Also the sequence in the discharge of these vehicles from the hatches. An intricate and delicate timecable had to be e v o l v e d by which the hundreds of ships , would move

from their appointed ports to the rendezvous and then launch the assault waves upon the correctly designated beaches at Salerno.

Logistics, that aU important phase of any operation, also had to be worked out in detail. The question of fueling the warships and transports engaged in the operation, of food and munitionsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D; even to, in some instances supplies of portable water, aU had to be worked out in advance.

It is StiU impossible to compile a chronological narrative of the work of the AUied Navies at Salerno. AU that can be attempted now is to give a series of semi-connected facts dealing with the naval side of the operation.

In both the Northern and Southern Attack Force areas the first waves of landing craft, preceded by minesweepers escorted by destroyers touched down on the beaches before 4.00 a.m. on September 9th. Extensive minefields had been laid in both areas, and we incurred casualties. Many mines exploded in the sweeps. Frequently under heavy gunfire, the minesweepers did their work with their habitual skiU and gaUantry.

In the Northern area the sweepers swept or exploded 20 mines during the assault and 135 in the first four days.

U. S. Destroyers closed the southern

H. M. S. DIDO

beaches in the face of alarming reports concerning the danger of mines and they operated in imswept areas. Commander A. H. Richards, U.SJST. Commanding the Mine Sweeping Group, was speciaUy commended for operating in these extremely dangerous waters on navigational data which had to be obtained during the hours of darkness.

There was moderate enemy air activity, with stiflF enemy resistance and heavy artiUery and mortar fire on aU beaches.

But in spite of casualties in ships and craft and naval beach personnel, the work of disembarkation continued. The orders that the assault was "to be pressed home with relendess vigour, regardless of loss or difficulty," was obeyed to the letter. The beaches were seized and held, in spite of the enemy gunfire and counter-attacks.

A

Commander W. L. Messmer, USN

Captain R. W. Gary, USN.

Vice Admiral Henry K. Hewitt, USN.

BOUT five hours after the first landing it was reported from the southern beaches that the bombarding ships were having difficulty in locating enemy batteries. Nevertheless their fire was extremely efiFective as may be judged from a message from a United States General Officer on shore to the Commander of the Fire Support Unitâ&#x20AC;&#x201D; "Thank God for the Blue BeUy Navy Ships. Probably could not have stuck

it out on blue and yellow beaches.

Stout feUows. Please teU them so."

From other sources we hear of the "magnificent support" given by the Royal Navy to the assault on the northern beaches, particularly when the Germans counterattacked. These ships were aU destroyers and they engaged the shorebatteries at point-blank range. One strongly sited battery was knocked out at eight hundred yards.

The figures which are quoted in a later paragraph convey little impression of the intensity of the bombardment from the sea, or its deadly accuracy. But the covering and supporting gunfire from the warships played an immense part in the eventual success of the operation, for at times the troops ashore were held up and unable to advance in the face of the strong German resistance from carefully prepared and sited positions. The ships were deliberately risked in mined waters where they were also liable to air attack. Minesweepers and fighter cover were both provided; but they could not guarantee 100% immunity.

The Allied Navies suffered casualties; but the risks taken were eminently justified. The casualties were more than made up for by the result achievedâ&#x20AC;&#x201D; the successful landing of the Army on the mainland of Italy in the face of de-

termined opposition by superior forces of the enemy. History and the experts alone can truly evaluate the contribution provided by the covering and supporting gunfire from the sea, and teU us whether or not it definitely tipped the scale in our favor.

What resistance was encountered on the beaches can be judged from the reports of the young Ensigns who comprised the Boat Group Commanders, and Beach Officers of the Attack Force.

Ensign S.S. Linton, U.S.N.R., reported that he went ashore in the third wave.

The beach party and shore engineers were shelled about daylight and took cover in foxholes. There they remained while snipers made the air hot above them until about 1500. That same morning three German tanks came within 200 yards of their foxholes and shelled the transport area. They tried to get a boat from Yellow Beach to evacuate casualties but it was sunk by enemy fire. Andrew AUardi, Seaman 1st Class, U.S.N., took off his clothing and swam to the craft to help the wounded of the crew.

Ensign R. E. Fitzgerald, U.S.N.R., a boat group commander, went in with the tank lighters. In the next lighter was an American Navy Coxswain, named McMahon. They encountered

H. M. S. WARSPITE and H. M. S. ILLUSTRIOUS

enemy machine-gun nests, one of them about 40 yards away. "I kept both my 50 calibre machine-guns pointed right at him," Fitzgerald reported, "but didn't fire because I didn't care to give away our position to him or others."

McMahon's craft let down her ramp and a halftrack roUing off struck a land mine. Three men were kiUed and four wounded. As Fitzgerald's was the only boat left he brought back the wounded.

Lieutenant R. I. A. McKenzie, United States Coast Guard Reserve, commanding an LCI, reported that one of three Me. 109s peeled off and flew over at low altimde strafing his craft and another in line of fire about 150 yards to port. McKenzie's guns opened up, and fire from his No. 3 gun was seen to knock off the plane's "Green-house" and" strike the engine. It feU fifteen yards off the starboard quarter. Six men on the next boat were wounded by the strafing.

An example of the manner in which this timing was foUowed out even down to the actual assault craft themselves can be found in the report of Ensign R. R. Groves, U.S.N.R., a boat group commander in the Southern Attack Force. On D-Day, Groves reported, he took an LCS at 4.30 a.m. and departed for the rendezvous with the first and second assault waves. At the time of departure, his craft took the first wave

through a curtain of enemy fire to within THE SOUTHERN ATTACK FORCE 500 yards of die beach. The wave was Apart from transports and landing landed on die designated beach three ships and craft, included the foUowing minutes early. warships: HE landings at Salerno caUed for The U. S. cruisers PHILADELPHIA— the same joint and meticulous plan- Captain P. Hendron, U.S.N. Flagship ning as the assavUt upon Sicily. Above of Rear Admiral Davidson; SAVANNAH, aU, with Americans commanding Brit- Captain Robert Gary, U.S.N.; BoiSE, ish, and Bridsh commanding Americans, Captain L. H. Thebaud, U.S.N. The the operations provided one of the finest U. S. destroyers present were the PLUNexamples of the complete cooperation KETT, NiBLACK, BENSON, CLEAVES, and unity of purpose of the British and MAYO, W A I N W R I G H T , TRIPPE, RHIND, United States Navies fighting side by R O W A N , K N I G H T , WOOLSEY, LUDLOW, side in action.

EDISON, N I C H O L S O N , BRISTOL, COLE, It may be early to form an opinion; BERNADOU, and DALLAS. Captain C. but Salerno wiU pass down to history WeUborn, Jr., and Commanders G. L. as a triumph for the seamen, both naval Menocal and E. R. Durgin were in comand mercandle, of die two great English- mand of the Destroyer Divisions. speaking nations.

The Southern Attack Force MineHE following is a Ust of command- sweepers, which had the difficult and ing officers and ships in action at dangerous duty of sweeping the apSalerno between September 8th and Sep- proaches to the beaches and the anchorages and areas to be occupied by transtember 29di, 1943: Other Flag Officers engaged in the ports and bombarding units, were operations, apart from those already U.S.S.'s STRIVE—Commander Messmer, mentioned, with their respective flag- U.S.N., SEER, SKILL, SPEED, STEADY, SUSTAIN, SYMBOL PILOT—Commander ships were: Rear Admiral Lyal A. Davidson, A. H. Richards, U.S.N., and PREVAIL, U.S.N.—^USS PHILADELPHIA. Captain together with 15 Y.M.S. ("Yard" minesweepers for work in coastal waters P. Hendron, U.S.N. Rear Admiral Clement Moody— somewhat simUar to the British motor minesweepers).

HMS ILLUSTRIOUS. Captain R. L. B. Working with the Southern Attack Cunliffe, R.N. Rear Admiral C. H. J. Harcourt— Force were the mgs USS's HoPI and

T

T

HMS MAURITIUS. Captain W . W . M O R E N O .

A vivid diagram showing how the landing Davis, R.N. The foUowing ships of the Royal at Salerno was carried out and the disposiNavy worked with the Southern Attack Commodore W. G. Agnew—HMS tion of the various task forces. Map by Force: AURORA. George Sixta, SP-(P)2C. HMS

ABERCROMBIE

—Captain Faulkner

G. V. B.

HMS ULSTER QUEEN

—Captain M. H. L Bennett. R.N.R. HMS

PALOMARES—

Captain J. H. Jauncey HMS

DELHI—Cap-

tain A. T. G. C. Peachey, together with H.M. Ships OAKLEY, H A M BLEDON,

DERWENT-

DALE, EMPIRE, CHARMIAN, BOXER, BRUISER, and THRUSTER.

THE NORTHERN ATTACK FORCE Apart from transports and landing ships and craft, consisted of the foUowing: HMS

HILARY

—

Broad Pendant of Commodore Oliver.

USS

BiSCAYNE

—

Flag of Rear Admiral Richard L. ConoUy, U.S.N., as Headquarters ships.

(Cont'd on page 51)

^h^ NETHERUNDS bu Samuel Van Valkenburj

AS it stood before the fateful invasion J \ of May 10, 1940, die Nedierlands may be used to iUustrate the qualities of one of the best types of civilization to be foimd in Europe. In many ways no finer example covdd be chosen. A successful combination of agricxilture, industry, and trade had given to HoUand a position superior to its size and population. Even a casual visitor to the Netherlands would have been impressed by the prevalent atmosphere of contentment, prosperity, and culmre.

Although HoUand, Uke other countries, occasionally faced difficult times, it did not seem to suffer gready.

Besides its enjoyment of the general geographical advantages of western Europe, of which climate is the most important, three factors had special weight in giving HoUand its outstanding rank among the smaUer nations.

First and foremost was physical background, and the consequent battle between man and water. The Dutch, like the Swiss, are products of an originaUy unproductive physical environment; and like the Swiss, they have not oidy conquered their land and wrested a livelihood therefrom, but have also molded themselves into a nation of strong individualists.

The second factor which contributed to HoUand's outstanding position was the lure of the sea. The Dutch, by the very nature of their country, are a seafaring people. Although the period of their world supremacy in maritime affairs had ended at the close of the Napoleonic Wars, with the cession of strategic bases to Great Britain, their ocean trade in later years was to be of the utmost importance. Moreover, seafaring had been the basic factor in-, volved in the establishment of HoUand's

FEBRUARY,

1944

great overseas empire, which once included areas in aU parts of the world.

Although the empire was restricted to only two parts before the Second World War, even then it contained a population of more than 70,000,000. One part, Sturinam, or Dutch Guiana, together with certain of the neighboring AntiUes, more recently had exercised only a minor influence; but the other part, the Netherlands East Indies, with their wealth of tropical products, was a tremendous factor in the life of Holland. They supplied an outlet for Dutch energy and a source of national wealth in the form of raw products which in good years provided a sizeable part of the national income. Almost every famUy in HoUand had friends and relatives who spent a great part of their lives in "tropical HoUand."

The third factor which contributed to HoUand's outstanding position was its location not only at the oudet of the Rhine, the most important river in Europe, but especially in the center of Europe's greatest industrial region. Its location on the Rhine made Rotterdam one of the most important harbors in Europe. The traffic on this river, however, consisted chiefly of goods in transit between Germany or Switzerland and regions across the water and, hence, did not gready affect HoUand. Its simation in relation to the large industrial centers, on the contrary, was chiefly responsible for the way in which Holland developed into a country of intensive agriculmre during the nineteenth cenmry. For scores of miles the region immediately to the south and southeast of HoUand in Belgiiun and in Germany resembled a great city, where fmits, vegetables, and dairy products, aU of which HoUand can produce, were used

in vast quantities. In later years strong nationalistic tendencies hampered the logical exchange of food for manufactured products, and the Dutch farmers were forced to grow crops for the subsistence of Holland alone, rather than for sales abroad.

P Ice Age the thick ice sheet covered northern HoUand, and extended across

HYSICAL BACKGROUNDâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;During the

the present North Sea into England. In its retreat it left sandy glaciofluvial deposits, with many glacial ridges, which now cover eastern HoUand north of the Rhine. At the same time, the swiftflowing Rhine and Meuse (Maas) rivers laid down the sands which now form the uplands in the provinces of Brabant and Limburg south of the Rhine. These provinces may be caUed uplands only in contrast to the lower western part of the country. Their loose, dry soil made them an ideal site for the homes of the first men who followed the retreat of the ice. In the shallow depressions which now form the North Sea, the rivers at first flowed northward, probably uniting with other rivers from England and from southern Scandinavia to form a single great stream.

In time, however, because of the melting of the ice and the sinking of the land, the rising ocean permitted the sea to encroach inland more and more. The process of inundating the land culminated only after the sea had broken the land connection between England and France. As a result the sandy uplands became the coasdine of the Continent. Along the shore, however, from the protruding Nose of Calais (Nez de Calais) northeastward the winds and currents formed a sandy bar, with a 15

broad closed lagoon behind. This extended as far as the low morainic upland of Denmark. The bar in time became a narrow zone of sand dimes, broken in many places to give oudet to the deltaic branches of the Scheldt, Meuse, and Rhine rivers.

The next stage was the gradual fiUing of large portions of the lagoon, pardy with clay brought by ocean currents and by rivers, and pardy with peat, the by-product of lagoon vegetation. In this way the lagoon was transformed into a swamp below sea level. At later times stormy seas attacked the sandbar and broke through at many places, flooding the swamps beyond and forming inland basins of salt water. The present map of HoUand stiU shows evidence of this process in the disconnected formation of the dune islands of the northern, or

Frisian, coast, as weU as the central basin of the Zuiderzee, and the ragged coasdine of Zeeland in the far southwest.

H dry dune strip the Romans fortified the oudet of the Rhine, west of the

ISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;On the

present city of Leyden (Leiden); here the modern residence of the Sovereign and the Government had its origin as the garden of a count, indicated by the Dutch term's, Gravenhage (now known as The Hague).

The swamp itself, with its many lakes and peadands, was less attractive.

In some places smaU groups of people ventured to migrate from the uplands to the lowlands, and to build artificial mounds in order that their dwellings might stand high above the tides and

A typical Dutch summer scene near Kinderdyk

the storm waves. Groups of fishermen also setded along the shores of the inland basins and used the protected waters as fishing grounds. Such setdements grew in importance. Seafaring as weU as fishing became an important occupation. In the Middle Ages many of the towns thus started became members of the Hanseatic League and traded along the coasts of the North Sea and the Baltic.

But man caimot subsist on the products of the sea alone, and the need of Waag (weigh-house) at New Amsterdam, land on which to ptoduce other kinds and the Gate House, part of the old defense of food confronted the inhabitants of works of the city dating from 1488. the fishing setdements. This need led to the discovery that the swamps, and even the floors of the shaUower parts of the many lakes and of the inland marine basin, contained fertile soils which, if protected by dikes and drained, could be used for grazing and for the growing of crops. In this way the Dutch polders (areas of drained land) originated. The Dutch lowland is stiU an intricate system of reclaimed lake and marine floors, surrounded by dikes and drainage canals, into which the surplus water may be pumped. It was expected that this system would work to great advantage during an emergency because, in event of an invasion, the water which had been controUed with such difficulty The polderland of Friesland 16

could be used to reflood the land and cover the area with water several feet deep.

The area reclaimed from the water was at one time an unimportant possession of the German Empire and later a possession of Spain. For a long time its position was overshadowed by the high type of culture in Flanders near by on the south. But the small groups of individualists who had founded their country and had fought for its freedom gradually gained power until for a time they saw it become the dominant nation of Europe. A decline soon followed, however, because Holland was too small to maintain leadership in world politics.

Nevertheless, much of the old spirit remained a part of the Dutch character and is responsible, in large part, for Holland's high cultural standing before the Second World War.

On the northern coast, east of the Zuiderzee, most of Friesland and the northern part of Groningen belong to the same original type of swampy, halfdrained or half-flooded country. Numerous lakes in this region remained undrained because their peaty bottoms were unfit for agriculture. In summer these Frisian lakes were much used for the sport of sailing. When they froze during the severe winters they were used so continuously for skating that industry was almost crippled for the short time that the ice remained solid. Leeuwarden, the capital of Friesland, now in the center of the province, grew up as a seaport on the shore of a former inland basin which no longer exists.

This historical treatment of the physical background of the Netherlands is (Continued on page 53)

Âťsi-

A liner passing through the North Sea Canal connecting Amsterdam with its port, Ijmuiden

THE LANDâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;As the fertile DRAINING fields and grasslands were formerly

A typical farm s c e n e in t h e p r o v i n c e of Friesland

the bottom of the lagoons, it is therefore understandable why a great part of Holland is now below sea level. ExceptionaUy low tides make possible, at fairly frequent intervals, the draining of much of this low area by means of canals; at high tide, closed locks keep the ocean out. The isles of Zeeland in the southwest were reclaimed by means of dikes, as were also the provinces called North HoUand and South HoUand, which lie along the coast from Rotterdam northward. After the First World War the last and greatest task of reclamation, that of drying up the Zuiderzee, was attempted. A large dike across the northern part of the Zuiderzee changed the sea body into a fresh-water lake (Lake IJssel). The plan included the reclaiming of large parts of what was formerly the sea bottom. The polder south of Wieringen was constructed first, and added fifty thousand acres of excellent land to Netherlands territory. During the Second World War the second unit (the northeastern part) was completed, and the first harvest was brought in.

Altogether this was a gigantic undertaking, proving that Dutch energy and efficiency were stiU up to the highest level.

Egmond Aan Zee, resort on Holland's north coast

The Riijksmuseum containing collection of pictures dating from 1789.' The Nazis have stripped this building of art treasures

17

Facing A Jap Threat In 1913:

America's First Sub Fleet

By Lieut. Comdr. Robert Hatfield Barnes, USN (^Ret.)

T

HE period just before and leading up to Pearl Harbor was not the first time in which the United States was threatened by or in serious difficulties with the Japanese Empire. There were other occasions. One of these was in 1913. That war was averted is now history; but it is a fact that the United States Navy went so far as to take definite steps to guard against any untoward action by Japan, this in spite of the State Department's effort not to commit one overt act which might be construed as an aggressive move on the part of the United States by any foreign power.

The Secretary of State was WiUiam Jennings Bryan, and his renown as the great apostle of peace was world-wide.

His code was peace, based on goodwiU and trust.

But the Navy was more practical minded. Under Josephus Daniels, preparations were made to the end that if the Japs struck, the Navy would be able to cope with the simation. Also at this time the question of safe-guarding the Panama Canal loomed high among the problems of the government. The Canal was nearing its completion, and due to its tremendously increased potential value it became the great national concern that this useful waterway be kept out of harm's way. It had to be defended at all costs.

One strategical move was that of putting into readiness the Navy's submarine service, then in its infancy. Although at that time there were but few of the undersea men-of-war in the Navy's list of ships, orders were issued, nevertheless for their employment, involving a weapon untried in warfare, and the use of the smallest naval craft extant. It was a brand-new undertaking and an event which, when consummated, would be epic. This arm of the naval service had never before been given so much attention and so large a responsibility.

On May 2, 1913, a submarine force, consisting of the submarines C-1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, forming Submarine Division One, the tender CASTINE and the coaling coUier MARS, put to sea from Norfolk, Virginia, under sealed orders. The commander of this expedition, and also the captain of the C-3, was Lieutenant (junior grade) Richard S. Edwards (now Vice Admiral and Chief of Staff 18

to the Commander-in-Chief of the United States Fleet, Admiral Ernest J. King). It is notable that the commander of this force today would hold at least the rank of Commander or perhaps that of Captain.

The roster of officers of the submarine division when it left Norfolk included:

USS Castine, which acted as a tender for the first submarine flotilla to make an ocean trip CASTINE: Flagship of Lieut, (jg) R. S. Edwards, Force Commander; Lieut, (jg) A. H. Miles, Commanding Officer; Ensign J. M. Deem.

C-1: Ensign T. E. Van Metre, Commanding Officer; Ensign G. A. Rood.

C-2: Lieut (jg) E. F. Cutts, Commanding Officer; Ensign Lewis Hancock, Jr. C-3: Lieut, (jg) R. S. Edwards, Commanding Officer and Division Commander; Ensign F. A. Daubin, Acting Commanding Officer; Ensign P. T. Wright.

C-4: Ensign Holbrook Gibson, Commanding Officer; Ensign D. J. Friedell.

C-5: Lieut, (jg) J. W. Rankin, Commanding Officer; Ensign G. L. Dickson.

A

LTHOUGH they had provisioned for six months' operations, which had given to them some idea of an event of great significance, it came as a complete surprise when they reached the open sea and the commander of the expedition opened the sealed orders to learn that they were on a mission of war. The orders read in substance: "To

proceed to Colon, Panama, without stopping at any port enroute, there to remove the engines and batteties from the submarines, the huUs hauled up on the beach, the engines, batteries, and hulls place on flat cars, transported across the Isthmus by rail to Balboa, there to be reassembled for services in the Pacific in water adjacent to the Panama Canalâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;for the purpose of repelling possible attacks by the Japanese navy."

This was an assignment which called for herculean efforts, but the officers and crews of this valiant force Were undaunted. They accepted the duty with courage and eagerness, in fact, diey optimistically believed that they would successfully make the Pacific as ordered and be ready for the Japs. However, their anticipation was soon to taste the {Continued on page 56)

i

Tl \

By Lieut. John Mason Brown, U S N R UITE a day, as even Mrs. Roosevelt would have to admit! We have spied the Adas Moxmtains and the Dark Continent hidden behind hot, earlymorning clouds. Cape Spartel, the Bay of Tangier, and the city of Tangier, one by one have slipped within our vision.

We have come within thinking distance of Cape Trafalgar and those near-by waters where Lord Nelson aboard the Victory helped to change the course of history, and where another dictator—• Napoleon—saw his dreams of conquest shrink.

We have sailed over those narrows, now known as the Straits of Gibraltar, which in prehistoric times were dry land. We have floated for a while in stately columns of twos where once the savage animals of Africa roamed into primeval Europe. We have edged past

O

Point Tarifa where the Moors imposed levies upon foreign merchants and from which that good old Republican word— tariff—is derived. It was to Point Tarifa, you may recall, that Hannibal crossed when, with those first tanks, his elephants, he was to take the long, slow road to Rome, which led over the Alps and to defeat.

We have had a long, memorable view of Gibraltar. W e have seen that rock This material is taken from the new

hook, To

ALL HANDS,

which has just

been published hy Whitlesey House.

The hook (and this article) is made from texts of broadcasts Lieutenant Brown did to keep soldiers and sailors in convoy amused and informed enroute to the invasion of Sicily.

of empire rising from the sea with its series of Great Stone Faces seemingly superimposed one above the other.

Gibraltar has today resisted the siege of our curious naked eyes, and of our binoculars, too. She has kept her secrets and kept us guessing as to the series of hidden fortifications which eat like termites into her limestone body to give it power. Gibraltar has risen to our port side, a British sphinx at the base of Spain; the Mediterranean's open sesame; and a guarantee of our safe passage into the new-old waters and the new-old world which for most of us lie ahead.

At Gibraltar we had a hard time distinguishing the gun emplacements and the hideaways of those vigilant and well-armed cliff dwellers who keep the Rock impregnable. We have seen the (Continued on page 60)

Atlanticdotes ' ' n p H E Atlantic Ocean for long ages •*- spread an impossible barrier between the two hemispheres. Today it is little more than the broad, curving river it seems to be on the globe. It is the busiest thoroughfare in the world.

Its trade routes are an invisible web, drawing four continents ever closer as speed comes into its own."

few miles south of the island of Newfoundland and covering many thousands of square miles lies a great submarine plateau or "bank" where the sea is comparatively shallow, on an average but 40 fathoms (240 ft.) deep. Here in cold waters brought south by the Labrador current from the glaciers of Greenland is found in great abundance that plant life of the sea called plankton.

Where there is an abundance of plankton there is likely to be an abundance of fish, and here are found in quantity the food fishes: cod, halibut, and mackeral which supply our northeast industrial areas with their sea food. The banks have seen the fishing vessels of many nations, notably the Portugese, British, and French for four centuries.

A

T

HE juncture line of the Labrador Current and the Gulf Stream is easily discernible due to the difference in the color of the two streams. The ocean north of this line of meeting is a beautiful olive green, while that to the south is an indigo blue. This difference in color is due to different kinds of microscopic marine life. the Panama Canal the A-TOcean is less than a foot

Pacific higher than the Atlantic. However, the tides in the Pacific vary as much as twenty feet, while there is only a two-foot change in the Atlantic. Because of this difference it would have been necessary to put locks in the Panama Canal even if the land across the Isthmus had been level.

T

HE average depth of the earth's oceans is 12,874 feet below sea level.

The deepest spot in the Atlantic is north of Puerto Rico where the "Milwaukee Depth" reaches down for 30,246 feet, almost six miles. It is so named because it was discovered by the cruiser MIL-

while participating in naval maneuvers in that region.

WAUKEE

O

NE of the first ocean explorers sent a glass tube wrapped in flannel and placed in a copper tube to a depth of 12,000 feet in the ocean. When removed the copper tube was pressed flat and the glass was powder. The pressure at this depth was more than 20 times the pressure in the average locomotive boiler. In it the strongest submarine would be crushed like an eggshell.

20

Odds and Ends of Information About the Big Pond sorts of marine life, affording breeding and feeding grounds for some of our food fish.

T

HE earth's surface has an area of about 187 miUion square miles. Of this about 140 million square miles (over two-thirds) are water. The Atlantic Ocean covers about 41 million square miles and is second in size to the Pacific which covers nearly 69 million square miles.

T

HE U. S. Coast and Geodetic survey has discovered that a submerged channel of the Hudson River extends along the floor of the Atlantic Ocean to the true edge of the continental shelf, about 100 miles southeast of Sandy Hook. In places it is 1600 feet below the sea suiface, while the ocean bed beside it is only 260 feet deep.

A

S more salt is discharged into the Atlantic than into any other ocean, it is the saltiest of oceans, and the briny deep is getting brinier all the time. great Balleen whales, often fifty THE to seventy-five feet long, live entirely on smaU crustaceans which are strained out of the water as the whale swims along at great speed. In spite of their size, they have a throat that will not accommodate objects larger than an orange, nor have they any means of tearing larger animals into small bits.

HE proximity of Western Europe to T the Atlantic makes it impossible in that region to predict the weather beyond a day or two, except in the case of extremely large storms leaving the American Coast. it was believed that there FORwasyears no life at the bottom of the

ocean because there was no light, and where there is no light there can be no life. Discovery that this was not true was due to the breaking of a telegraph if= I CAN (.A$r -TMRU rue PAWAMA cable at a depth of 7000 feet. The ends CANAL—MPANeSe of the cable when drawn in for repairs cORfisur-LOoKOOT.^'l were overgrown with an astonishing variety of living creatures. The pressure at this depth was ovet 3000 pounds per square inch. Since then explorations have shown that life of some sort may be expected in even the deepest parts of the ocean under pressures that are almost impossible to imagine!

ITH the exception of a small strip (Continued on page'57) of coasdine, Greenland is completely covered with a vast ice cap. Its estimated thickness is 5000 feet. It is 'HOA/E// THIS IS THE 1 LlFE^.y—NO'NAZIS'NO M from this large ice region that many of ' WHETHER. I THERE'S l - i r e , the ice-bergs in the Atlantic come. They POWN HERE—^'.'^ '•(Oi05--/lumN'BUT 3000 I fOOWRS OF PRESSURE PER are carried south on the flow of the S<?OARe INCH.^' Labrador Current along the eastern edge of the Great Banks into the Gulf Stream where the warm waters soon melt them.

Though dangerous, the Labrador Current has its value, too; it teems with all -:2W^

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Water Means Life

By Lieutenants (jg) John and Frank Craighead, USNR A grape vine will yield a surprising amount of w a t e r when properly cut

ROM widespread fighting fronts F come reports of the critical part played by water in determining the fortunes of war. These range from its influence on armies fighting in the desert regions to single individuals adrift at sea or lost in tropical jungles. The need of knowing how to obtain fresh drinking water cannot be overemphasized, for water is the most important single factor in determining survival. Without It is a simple m a t t e r to filter w a t e r through a bamboo cane filled with sand.

T h e sight of a Sand G r o u s e is a sure indication that water is somewhere in the general vicinity

it, the presence or absence of food is of little importance. You can survive many days without food if you have water.

Normally an individual needs at least a quart of water a day, but the amount essential under widely varying conditions of exercise, weather, climate, and surroundings may be a great deal more or less. A man who knows how to use water intelligently may come through an emergency in reasonably good condition with a supply on which another man might die of thirst.

If you are extremely thirsty, sip slowly and don't take an excessive amount of water. Likewise, if you're parched or hot from sun or exercise, avoid drinking cold water, or an excessive amount of water. If only cold water, snow, or ice is available, warm it in the mouth before swallowing.

Finding water in many areas of the world amounts to nothing more than heading for low ground and a stream.

However, in other regions it is not nearly so simple and men have suffered or died of thirst when water was within easy reach, perhaps just underground or hidden in a vine.

A great aid in finding water is to

keep in mind the principle of the water table. The water table is the surface below which the rocks of the earth are saturated with water. Its level tends to follow the contours of the land surface, rising somewhat beneath hills, and in some places intersecting the surface to form springs and seepage areas or to merge with streams, swamps, lakes and oceans.

When looking for water remember that the water table is usually close to the surface and can be reached with little digging in low, forested areas, along the seashore, and in the flood plains of large rivers.

Water lying below the water table is termed "ground water" and in general is pure. Water lying above the table is "runoff water" and is much more likely tŠ be contaminated. Streams, rivers, and lakes usually are supplied by both ground and runoff water. Water from large lakes is generally safe if taken some distance from human habitation. A spring issuing from rock or sand is usually safe.

Rain water is pure. Water is an excellent germ-carrier and is almost always polluted near human habitations, particularly in the tropics. In inhabited areas it should always be boiled.

While running water tends to purify itself, it is not necessarily pure, nor is still water necessarily impure. A stagnant water hole in the wilderness far from human habitation may be safe for drinking, and a running stream near a native village extremely dangerous. Water in swamps, bogs, and in pockets on the forest floor may be acid and dark from decaying vegetation, but it is not impure unless there is some outside source of pollution.

When adrift at sea, obtaining water is the great, ever present problem. Rain, ice (at high latitudes), and the body (Continued on page 62 )

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The Japanese Emperor Japanese Emperor just another Itionss theHitler?

Should the United Natreat the Emperor as one of the Axis leaders of aggression? Certain possibilities are suggested by a look at the place of the cult of Emperor worship in the life of the average Japanese.

In his address on Lincoln's Day, 1943, President Roosevelt took one problem of post-war planning out of the realm of pure speculation and moved it into the sphere of praaical politics. He did this by declaring that the United Nations intend to say "Never again" to governments like those of the Nazi, the fascist, and the Japanese "war lord."

This statement at once raised an important problem—the position of the Japanese Emperor in the post-war world.

At first sight, there may seem to many no choice but to accept the Emperor as the Japanese Hitler. There is no one else for the job. Since the Mandiurian Incident of 1931, when Japan embarked on her nationalistic rampage, there has been no other individual— either civilian or military—who has Steadily held a position of official and unquestioned authority. Premiers have come and gone with remarkable speed, and Japan's aggressive moves have steadily accelerated whether the Premier was a civilian or military figure. Admirals and Generals have risen to power as Ministers,' Premiers, and leaders in the active service, but none has been dominant. Today Premier General Tojo is in the ascendancy, but we cannot <:ompare him to Hitler, or his regime to the Nazi regime unless we wish to <:laim that Japan's war-lord government <2me into existence only with Pearl Harbor. It seems likely that our Chinese allies might find this point of view unsatisfactory. The Emperor is the only fixed symbol of authority that has been constant from the Manchurian Incident through the attack on Pearl Harbor. If •we must have one figure to symbolize Japanese aggressive nationalism, that figure will have to be the Emperor.

Yet the Emperor's position is different from Hitler's. Hitler is an upstart.

He has held power for only ten years.

He rose from obscurity to head a powerful state machine by active participation in the rough-and-tumble of political maneuvers and violence. He has taken an active part in both civil and military affairs as directing leader, and he led the "revolution" that ushered in FEBRUARY,

1944

the Nazi regime throughout Germany.

In contrast. Emperor Hirohito did not come to power by a political coup backed by violence. He inherited the throne as the son of a father (whose health was questionable) who had been Emperor before him. He has held the position since 1925—six years before the Manchurian Incident. He takes little if any public active part in political or military affairs. He is above the battle, hedged about with mystery and reverence. He is called "head of state."

Yet it is not his political position that makes him important to the people. It is the other way around. The political position is important because the Emperor holds it. The modern cult of Emperor worship in Japan is carried on by government bureaus and other similar official organizations; but this "modern" cult was organized back in 1868, and in 1868 Emperor worship did not have to be invented, it had only to be streamlined and adapted to modern political and nationalist use.

HE position of the Emperor is difT ferent from the position of Hitler because Japan's war-lord government is different from the Nazi regime. This war-lord government is not a new model set up since the First World War under the personal direction of an active leader. The current government differs only in superficial details from the government that has been in force in Japan throughout the modern period. Since the Manchurian Incident, as Japan prepared for "aU-out" war, there have been a progressive tightening of economic controls and an increased centralization of authority, but the changes have been more on the order of our own war planning boards than of the fundamental reorganization of society that accompanied the Nazi regime.

Modern Japan is confusing because it has two different sorts of civilization and two different sorts of government.

The masses of Japanese people are politically naive; they have never evolved into a twentieth-century world of industrial and political freedom.

They are very largely governed today by the same sort of habits and ideas that prevailed before Commodore Perry opened the door to let the industrial revolution into Japan to launch the modern "great power."

The practical details of running the great power—in export trade, diplomacy, and war—are handled by repre-

by Helen Mears sentatives of two competing but equally important cliques, the financial-industrial clique and the military. The masses of the people, however, who support the great power Japan by their work in shop and factory and on their small farms still live in their traditional premodern civilization, and are ruled by the Emperor.

This does not mean that the Emperor has any direct power in deciding practical problems. It means that the people are told he has. Incessantly from birth to death, the people are bombarded with assurances that their divine Emperor is today the actual ruler of the country. To give this a kind of plausibility the most important laws that concern the welfare of the entire nation are given out as imperial rescripts —laws from the Emperor. These laws are decided behind the scenes by representatives of the financial-industrial and military cliques. These cliques do not see eye to eye and have, in fact, strongly contended for control of the national wealth and policy. Nevertheless, whenever a major decision is reached either by compromise or by force, that decision is called the law of the Emperor, and as such has the force of divine decree for the people.

It has the force of divine decree because of the complex position of the Emperor in Japanese society. The Emperor's political power is the by-product of his religious and social position. The Emperor is High Priest of traditional Shinto, and Shinto—in practice—^means the whole complex of traditional religious, social and economic ideas and habits that characterize Japan's native civilization. In the complex business of running the "modern nation," the Emperor is "advised" by his Ministers who must take the blame for any error in policy. The Emperor, however, as the titular head of state, is the connecting link between traditional and modern Japan. Because of the veneration felt for him—as religious and social leader —the people can be rallied to any national program of which the Emperor seems to approve. For this reason, the actual rulers of modern Japan have worked unceasingly to persuade the people that the Emperor is actually ruling.

One of their ways of doing this has (Continued on page 67) 25

Another cruiser of the Kumu class spinning and twisting in the death throes in Kwajalein Harbor following a direct bomb hit One of the most unusual pictures of the war showing the wake of a torpedo and jnothi striking the ship simultaneously from th other side im

A carrier-berthed plane swooping over Kwa^ ialein Harbor after dropping its bomb on i Jap merchantman

DlSe AND WE HADE IT A JAPANESE HELL"

Remarkable aerial photograph of a torpedo hit on a Jap light cruiser of the Kumu class during the Kwajalein raid.

Grumman Avenger made the hit, which was fatal for the Jap cruiser

A long stream of smoke across the Harbor at Kwajalein, coming from a light cruiser set afire

by American bombs

Currents and Altitudes Are Factors In

Heat and Humidity

by Ivan Ray Tannehill

80° and the lowest 70°, the mean is halfway between, or 75°.

In all parts of the world, temperatures AS far as human comfort is concerned, of the air are taken from shelters which •^Vtemperature is the most important allow a free movement of the air but weather element. Storms, rough seas prevent the sun from shining directly and rainy weather may be of great conon the thermometers. Thus the condicern for the time being but air temperature affects us every moment. The clothing we wear or the baggage we carry is largely determined by the temperature. Fortunately, on the oceans and in the majority of large cities of the world, we spend nearly all of our time in marine climates where variations of temperature are relatively small.

The human body is very sensitive to changes of air temperature. Nearly half of civilized man's hours awake are required for adjustment to the temperature of the air. We spend an appreciable share of our time in taking off and putting on clothing and in other activities in an effort to be comfortable in every new situation in and out of doors.

If we add to this our changes of clothing with change of season or climate, plus the job of finding shelter and heat, and the time taken up by related activities of purchase and transportation of these effects, we get some idea of the importance of air temperature.

tions of measurement are substantially the same nearly everywhere and, with few exceptions, the official temperatures which are recorded in any part of the world may be compared with the records But temperature, as we have seen, is kept in other places. also an important element in the whole complicated mechanics of winds, preN the other hand, the mean is not cipitation, and in fact most of the entirely satisfactory as an indicator weather phenomena with which we are of temperature. For example: Lisbon concerned. Whether we are interested and Los Angeles have almost exactly the in temperature for itself or as related to same mean temperature in May, and other factors, about the most important again in August. In May the mean fact about a place is what the thertemperature at both places is about 62° mometer tells us. but the average daily high temperature From a study of simple monthly rec- in Lisbon is 66° while at Los Angeles ords of mean or average temperature it is 72°. The average low temperature and rainfall we can gain a general idea at night in May is 58° at Lisbon and of the climate.

52° at Los Angeles.- In August both The mean temperature is obtained by places have a mean temperature of one method, by taking the average of 711/2° but in Los Angeles the range is the twenty-four hourly temperatures to from 82° to 61° and at Lisbon 76° to get the temperature for the day and 67°. The range at Los Angeles, in other then taking the average of the daily words, is 12° more than at Lisbon. This temperatures to get the monthly mean. is an important factor; the days in Los A result that is about as good for prac- Angeles are much warmer and the tical purposes is to add the highest and nights much cooler than in Lisbon. lowest temperatures of tr.e day and take On the continents, and especially in half the sum to get the mean. Thus, if deserts, the daily ranges are far greater the highest temperature of the day is than they are on the oceans. As an

O

extreme case, in Salah in the Sahara Desert has a mean temperature in July of 99° and the daily range there is 35° from an average daily high of 117° to an average low at night of 82°.

What do these temperatures indicate, so far as human comfort is concerned?

What is the ideal temperature?

Many Americans go to southern Florida in winter and to New England in summer to escape the extremes of temperature at home. At Maine the mean temperature in winter is 68°; in New England the mean temperature in midsummer is very nearly the same.

The ideal temperature for an American, if any can be considered ideal, is about 68 °. It is the temperature of late April and early May in the Gulf Coast States, the temperature of late May and early June in many of our northern States and the temperature of New England and northern Michigan in midsummer.

For physical exercise out of doors, of course, the temperature should be somewhat lower; some investigators have concluded that it should be about 60°.

Many tests have been made to determine the most favorable temperature for American workers in mines and factories. This is called the "optimum" temperature. It is interesting to note that in some tests of this kind men have been subjected to air temperatures as high as 240° to 260°. They have been confined in saturated air at temperatures ranging from 90° to 100° for consider-

28

..jik

able periods in order to note the effects and compare them with reactions to other temperatures. After tests at many different temperatures and hiunidities, the general conclusion is that the optimum is somewhere between 65° and 69°, with humidity around 70 per cent and with an appreciable movement of the air.

Smdies of the effects of temperature on American school children have led investigators to the conclusion that, with the right condition of hiunidity, the proper temperature for the schoolroom is 68°.

Qimatologists generally accept 68° as the mean annual temperamre of the borderline between the tropical and the temperate zones of climate.

UMIDITY, under some circumH stances, is almost as important as temperature. Air movement is also important. Within certain broad limits a rise of temperature above the optimum is not unfavorable if the rise is accompanied by a lowering of the humidity and a free movement of the air. Likewise, for bodily comfort, a lowering of the temperature below the optimum should be accompanied by increased The chart (left) which shows the main isotherms for the oceans in July. The lines are drawn through regions having the main temperatures shown on the lines.

The chart below shows the main isotherms for the oceans in Januarv.

the wind is irritating. On a ship steaming through the heat of the Red Sea, passengers are sometimes obliged to seek refuge from the breeze. Also, the adverse effects on the nervous system of dry winds in the lee of mountain ranges, are well known. Cases of suicide have been attributed to the effects of these winds.

At low temperatures, humidity is of little consequence but air movement may be of great concern. At Verkhoyansk, Siberia, the world's coldest spot, the thermometer registers as low as 80° below zero nearly every year; the lowest of record there was 94° below zero. Such temperatures are not especially troublesome to the natives because extremely cold weather is not attended by any wind movement. The breath freezes and falls as a white powder. However, at temperatures only slightly below zero, a snowstorm is very trying on the natives. Wind movement is hard for them to endure at low temperatures.

In moist tropical regions, high humidity is unfavorable. Continued residence in such a climate lowers the vitality of an American and robs him of his resistance to disease. The drier climates of the tropics are more favorable.

ERSONS living in the humid tropics P become sensitive to slight temperature changes. Although there is no

mer to winter is rather small. From day to night it averages less than a degree Fahrenheit in the open sea, but on large ships it is considerably more, especially in clear weather because of the heating of the decks and superstructure. The warmest parts of the Indian and Pacific Oceans average 82° to 84° the year round. The difference between summer and winter is greatest at about 40° north latimde where the average range is 18°. Water temperature reaching 90° are frequent in the western part of the tropical Pacific; the Persian Gulf reaches 96° in summer and the Red Sea reaches 94°.

It is a surprising fact that even in tropical waters the air at night feels cold to one who is continuously exposed to it. Eddie Rickenbacker said that while floating on a life raft in the South Pacific in October 1942 he came to hate the nights. By day the sun burned fiercely. His body blistered and turned raw and burned again. He longed for the night but it seemed worse than the day. Waves slopped into the raft and though in reality the air and water were warm they felt like buckets of ice water.

Normal sea water freezes at about 28°. When polar bays and gulfs freeze, the air above may become very cold just as in the case of an arctic land area.

T N the interior of the continents July -l is usually the warmest month and January the coldest. There is a greater lag in heating and cooling of water than land so that over much of the oceans September is the warmest month and March the coolest.

A record of extremes gives some indication of the likelihood of temperamres considerably above or below the average.

humidity and lessened air movement.

In China during hot weather, the loosely dressed natives in lightweight clothing find temperatures of 90° to 95° not unpleasant, provided that the humidity is not over 30 per cent and that there is a good movement of the air.

On the other hand it seems that when the air becomes very low it may reach a point where increased wind movement does not increase the rate of evaporation from the skin and hence FEBRUARY,

1944

winter, so that the mean temperamre from season to season changes very little, the difference of temperature between day and night is sufficient to affect the natives considerably. For this reason it has been said that night is the winter of the tropics. For example, at Bolobo, Congo, the average from the warmest to the coolest month, as an average, is only 2°.

The change in temperamre of the sea surface from day to night and from sum-

Good examples are Guayaquil and Jerusalem. Both have a mean temperamre in July of 76°. The extremes of temperature at Jerusalem in July have been 106° and 51°; at Guayaquil in the same month the extremes have been 88° and 66°. The chances of a traveler experiencing a temperamre near or above 100° at Jerusalem in July are good if he stops there rwo or three weeks, whereas at Guayaquil a temperamre as high as 90° has never been recorded. But there are other factors.

The humidity at Guayaquil in July is 79 per cent; at Jerusalem 49 per cent.

Doubtless most of us would prefer the weather in July at Jerusalem. The skies there are almost cloudless, it never rains, and it is cool at night. At Quayaquil the high humidity is oppressive; it is nearly always cloudy and rain frequently threatens though very little falls in July.

29

Miscellaneous Cargo TEN COMMANDANTS, Ten Short servers. Sigrid Undset's portrait of her Novels of Hitler's War Against the old Norwegian heroine has a RembrandMoral Code, by ten authors; Simon tesque grandeur and dignity; her conduct makes that of the invaders ridiculous and and Schuster, $3.00. contemptible. Hendrik Willem van Loon When Hitler started out to conquer portrays a young Nazi scoundrel conthe world, he swore that he would not trasting him with his pious Dutch foster only break every one of the Ten Com- father. In Louis Bromfield's fable retribumandments, but wage relendess war tion comes from an unexpected quarter. against the moral code they express. Since that boast, ten years ago, he and his hordes have broken them aJl — with a vengeance.

Ten of the world's famous writers have VICTORY A T MIDWAY, by Lt. Comdr. banded together to write a tenfold deGriffith Baily Coale, USNR; Farrar & ntinciation of this Nazi ghastliness. Each Rinehart, Inc., $3-00. of them—with one exception—^has laid This is the story of the United States the scene in Hider's Germany or in one of the enslaved countries. The exception Navy's first decisive victory in this war.

—Thomas Mann—^has illustrated the It begins at Pearl Harbor, with the damtext of the First Commandment by a aging and repair of the Pacific Fleet and dynamic retelling of the story of Moses' carries the operations in their growing handing down of the law, with the main strength through the defeat of the Japdramatic incidents that happened before anese task forces at Midway which and after that great forward step in the marked the turning point in the Pacific history of the human race. But although Lieutenant Commander Coale is a this magnificent short novel is laid in unique combination of artist and writer.

Egypt and enroute to the Promised Land, He kept his log and made his sketches at its present-day implications and signifi- Pearl Harbor and Midway. Immediately cance are not forgonen, and can be read upon his return he completed the text between the lines. and pictures for this book, a brilliant The ten short novels selected to illus- chronicle of the United States Navy in trate Hitler's career of flouting the moral action. sanctions are fiction—but they are true.

The commander volunteered as the Every one of these incidents happened in first combat artist for the Na^'y in March. essence, and their fundamental authen- 1941. He therefore saw active duty overticity is vouched for by stories seeping seas before Pearl Harbor and witnessed out of the occupied countries via under- the sinking of our first combat ship lost ground channels. In the light of these in this war, the Reuben larties. On his coldly facmal data, the short novels col- remrn he wrote NORTH ATLANTIC PAlected here seem not at all incredible.

TROL: The Log of a Sea-Going Artist, his First, there is Thomas Mann's Moses— first and highly successful book Life that no-nonsense leader who managed Magazine published a preview of NORTH the most famous mass migration in his- ATLANTIC PATROL with a number of retory. There are the sensitive aesthetes of productions of the paintings, and speakRebecca West's Danish tale forsaking ing of the author, said: their gaiety and self-indulgence for a "Coale was commissioned a lieutenant career of defiance to the Nazi invaders. commander in the Navy for the express Franz Werfel's rabbi, in his death agony, purpose of making pictorial records. Betwists the swastika into the form of a fore that he was well known for his coloscross. John Erskine reinterprets the sal mural projects, which he carried out meaning of "Remember the Sabbath day, with something of a seaman's forrimde. to keep it holy," giving it a new meaning While painting the history of New York for all men. Bruno Frank's tragic for the New York Trust Company he heroine symbolizes the hopelessness of once stayed on his scaffolding, like a capthe Nazi ideal even at its most seemingly tain on a bridge, for 75 hours straight and fruitful. Jules Remains' storj' emphasizes made a practice of working 18 hours a the insidiousness of being merely luke- day. Coale is also a nautical expert and a warm against Nazism and how, in this small boat sailor. He ranks as one of the way, even men of good will can be sepa- most competent members of the artistrated from their better namre. reporter group now covering the war, for Andre Maurois has given the Seventh in his direct, facmal approach to his subCommandment an ironic twist: it reads ject he lets the subject speak eloquently as a message to all appeasers and time- for itself."

THE

30

VICTORY AT MIDWAY

in itself consti-

mtes a documentary history of one phase of the war, and wUl be an outstanding item in any officer's coHection of volumes oa the war.

A SHORT HISTORY O F RUSSIA, by B. H.

Sumner; Reynal & Hitchcock. Inc., $3.75.

T H E RUSSLAN ARMY, by Walter Kerr;

A. Knopf, $2.75.

Mr. Sumner's book is a genuine contribution toward an understanding of the "Russian enigma." There has been a crying need for a readable, modern onevolume history of Russia, and Mr. Sumner has provided ir in brilliant fashion at the most oppomme time. He has abandoned the conventional chronological form and approached his subjea from the point of view of seven basic influences wfiich have shaped the development of the huge inland empire which is Russia. These seven, which form the main sections of the book, are: the frontier, the form of the state, the land, the church, the Slav race, the sea, and the impact of the west.

From the very start, in the discussion of the frontier, the reader will be intrigued by the parallels and contrasts which the author draws between the story of Russia and that of America—the great land empire of the west.

N o one can complete a reading of diis book without coming away not only with a comprehensive picture of the Russian story, but with a sense of the character of the Russian peojJe and the underlying factors which control their motives and their destiny.

• « • * • Walter Kerr's description of the Russian Army as it is organized and as it works today is from personal observations. It is a straightforward and objective book on the rank and file of the Red Army—its personnel, its training, discipline and equipment. He has induded ven' vivid descriptions of the strategic battles in Moscow and Stalingrad and illustrated them with maps. There is a significant chapter on the Russian atrimde toward Japan and a very good explanation of why Russia and Japan have not engaged in hostiUties openly up tothis time.

All in all, the book is filled with good, sound information and intelligent observations. Mr. Kerr was for several years the Moscow correspondent for the New York Herald Tribune.

QmnmP

M

The Navy Through An Artist's Eyes, Hitler's Mis-deeds Fictionalized, A Comprehensive Army,

An

Account

Survey

of Russia's

of Goa, and

History

The Race

and

Problem

by How- LAND OF THE GREAT IMAGE, by Maurice Since his retirement Mr. Collis has deard W. Odum; The University of Collis; A. Knopf, $3.00. voted himself to writing. His books— North Carolina Press, $2.00.

Trials in Burma, Siamese White, The This is one of the strangest but one of Great Within—are all distinguished by No problem exists in this country to- the most fascinating books to come our day more provoking nor more worthy of way for some time. It is the story of the the authenticity of his knowledge and concentrated thought than the racial 17th-cenmry Augustinian Friar, Man- his regard for the lore of the East and by tension which has existed from the be- rique, and his journey into the inde- his unquestioned skill in re-creating a giiming of this war. The Negro race, in pendent kingdom of Arakan on the Bay living story out of the forgotten past. its struggle for greater freedom and op- of Bengal. portunity, has made this war a practical STANDING R O O M O N L Y , by Elizabeth Many westerners had heard little or test case for democracy. Howard Odum, Fowler; Dodd, Mead & Company, who is Professor of Sociology and Di- nothing concerning Goa until the recent $2.00. rector of the Instimte for Research in exchange of Japanese and Western citiThis is the story of a woman who was Social Science at the University of North zens there during the past few months. adrift in a twenty-six-foot life boat with When the city was first founded by the CaroHna, has done an excellent bit of research concerning the perplexing aspects Pormguese it rapidly became one of the thirty-four men for ten days after her most important ports in the Far East. It ship, the West Kebar, left the African of this whole racial problem.

Gold Coast and was torpedoed eruroute He points out that in the seething had a brisk trade in native slaves, there to the United States. A very gripping were splendid baroque churches in its cauldron of the deep South one can see "a story throughout. great people often doing litde things and center and the city itself was the hub a good people often doing bad things." from which the Catholic Church sought He accepts the fact that the South has its to spread Christianity through the exotic T H E SEA EAGLE, by James Aldridge; Little, Brown & Company, $2.50. own comfortable credo of bi-racial cul- heathen lands of the East. ture. Many Southerners, he points out, Devotees of high adventure in reading Manrique's diary tells of his advenmres are proud of the progress in better racial in Arakan, of his wanderings through its have hailed this as one of the year's outunderstanding that is evident in many mysterious capital, Mrauk-U, and of his standing novels. His topic is very timely Southern communities today. But he association with its Buddhist king, who since he deals with British guerrillas on does not deny the fact that the problem dreamed of being "Lord of Asia and the island of Crete after its capmre by is by no means solved and that a certain Saviour of the World." The book itself the Nazis. The whole plot deals with the amount of friction seems inevitable. is filled with that mysticism credited to attempts of three men to evade the His book does much to expel the tense the city and country which is its subject. clutches of the Germans and get insituation that exists in some Southern One can get here a vivid picmre of the formation back to the British in Cairo. regions as a result of thousands of north- dark cruelty which was a part of that ern Negro troops being stationed there ancient splendour of Asia. From his inT H E ROAD TO TEHERAN, by Foster Rhea suddenly and somewhat bewilderingly. timate knowledge of the people and the Dulles; Princeton, $2.50.

He quotes some Southerners as saying, country—now in the hands of the Jap"There are not enough armed forces in anese—^Mr. Collis has created a very abThis is the first book to give a comprethe world to force us to abandon the prin- sorbing picmre of a vanished civiliza- hensive account of the relationship beciple and practice of segregation." tion, and in doing so has shed a new light tween Russia and America during the But over all he finds people south of upon the singular relationship between past cenmry and a half. Mr. Dulles, an experienced historian, has no ax to grind. die Mason and Dixon line making a sin- the East and West in the 17th Cenmry.

He offers an unprejudiced account which cere effort to handle the simation as a Mr. Collis, rhe author, was born in is very readable and which will provide a national problem in a time of great naDublin, Ireland, in 1889. H e was edu- good background for those of all shades tional emergency.

Dr. Odum sees three groups in conflict cated at Rugby and later at Corpus of political opinion. over the racial problem: the new Negro, Christi College, Oxford, where he was a better educated, better aware of his eco- member of the Final Honors School of BUGLES IN THE AFTERNOON, by Ernest nomic potentialities, proud of his artistic Modern History. Shordy after leaving Haycox; Little, Brown & Compam, achievements; northern agitators, edi- Oxford, he took his examinations for the $2.50. torializing and campaigning for the Indian Civil Service and in 1912 was sent Negro's right to the Four Freedoms; and to Burma, where for twenty-one years he Mr. Haycox, who is a well-known the old white Southerners, unwUling to held various secretarial and administra- writer of 'Western tales, has set the backrelinquish their traditional folk-ways and tive appointments. Among his many ground of this story against the frontier determined to, "Keep the Negro in his positions was that of District Magistrate forts and the Sioux Indians back in the place." In Dr. Odum's own words, his in Rangoon. When, in 1936, he retired days when this country still had a wilderbook is "literally an affectionate appeal to from public life he did so because his ness to penetrate. One of his central all the people of the nation and a chal- long years of close association with the characters is General Custer and the lenge to its leadership . . . in facing truth problems of the native population of whole is a lively picmre of life on the wherever found; in the asking of essen- Burma had so enlisted his sympathies on Dakota frontier written in an extremely tial questions; in the search for correct the side of the Burmese that he felt him- interesting manner. A serial variation of answers." One can find much stimulating self no longer able to act in his capacity this novel appeared in The Saturday as an official of the British Civil Service. Evening Post. thought in the book.

RACE AND RUMORS OF RACE,

FEBRUARY, 1 9 4 4

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sprung upon those unfortunates on the Sub and Weak squads. Henceforth, these two squads will fall in at 1630 every Satiurday in front of the Battalion Office to be marched to the instruction pool. Someone obviously has a vet)' suspicious mind, for the order states that a muster will be taken before and after the drill by the Battalion Officer of the Watch. Great has been the hue and cry from those concerned and equally great the rush to pass the swimming and saength tests. Inciden-

tally, these tests are becoming more and more rigorous each year. Swimming has emphasized underwater and distance swimming, with and without clothes, and lifesaving. The strength requirements, in addition to rope climbing and other physical feats, now includes running the Commando course in something under four minutes.

The class of forty-six remains primarily interested in their class rings and miniamres, now that June Week is but four months away. Again, wartime restrictions enter and the Youngster class win have only one hundred miniamres

by June Week. These have been rationed out five to a company and all hands who hoped to use a miniamre as an engagement ring this June Week drew for the chance. Indications from the number of anxious drawers are that half of the class of forty-six hopes to become engaged during June Week.

Namrally, miniamres will be available later, but the Youngsters seem to be rather impatient.

Many moons ago, some ingenious character dreamed up the delightful 1944

By Lee Shores

^^H

's

ROBABLY the most effective stroke P as yet conceived by the Department of "Physical Torture" was recently

FEBRUARY,

Spinaftf^m policy of serving Extra-Duty by dashing madly around the Commando course twice before reveille. This had become, we feared, a regular Academy institution, but recently we have been graced with a modification. On exceptionally ftigid or otherwise inclement mornings, the Extra-Duty squad forms in the Rotunda at 0555 in Blue Service for inspection So far, these inspections have been the acme of fine torture and casualties are usually at least fifty per cent. It is amazing that so many first and third classmen have a phobia against garters and the plebes against haircuts.

If nothing else, these inspections produced, somewhat by way of a miscarriage, the rather novel and startling order; vis: "extend right foot and hoist crouser leg above knees." And the show is free too. For practically nothing, anyone can be in the cast. We call it the "Rotunda Rockettes."

This pre-reveille Extra-Duty is, however, entirely up to the whims of the Officer of the Day, and among our beloved "big brothers" there seems to exist a strenuous rivalry to see just who can be the most ingenious. So far "Grandma" has about taken the honors. The other night it was announced that the Extra-Duty squad would fall in the next morning in white works "E" which includes swimming trunks, towels, and "clacks." Sure enough, the boys were gullible and appeared in front of the Main Office at 0555 the next morning all set for a swim, only to find that this was just a new uniform for inspection.

Many were the names that "Grandma" collected as he gleefully trotted up and down the ranks searching for laundry numbers.

As winter rolls on, the old discussion of second class rates for the Youngsters arises. Naturally, these rates have been hung over the third class since Christmas as a promised reward for good behavior.

As things now stand, the Youngsters will have radios in March.

To the list of sports in the winter term inter-company competition have been added bowling and ping-pong.

These have been greeted with a wealth of candidates who do not seem to share the Executive Department's delight for

outdoor sports in this below freezing climate. Quite incidentally, for no reason that we have yet been able to "dope out," there is no exercise squad this term. In early January we had all been threatened with a particularly rugged exercise squad this term in order to coerce those not athletically inclined to sign up for a sport. By the time we had all signed up and battered our bodies for a satisfactory aptitude card, it was announced that there would be no exercise squad and thus everyone was left high and dry on some one of the various muscle squads. However, these squads are certainly worth the effort that was taken to put them into existence.

We glean from present developments that maybe all that scuttlebutt about our "steward's mates" (present cliche for 'mess attendants") getting out of hand is true. Rumor has it that life aboard Darkest Africa (i.e. The Cumberland) is just a bit hectic. Since Christmas, the mess hall has boasted several mammoth and capable looking Chief Stewards. The smallest is all of six foot two. These technicolor Maitre d'Hotels, as it were, seem to accomplish more in the way of mess hall efficiency by their mere presence than all the conduct reports for months back.

SowETriiN^ WRONG?

The winter term has produced a complete new set of stripers led by Regimental Commander R. B. Williams who is also president of the class of fortyfive. The Regimental four striper is P. J. Hannifin. The other four stripers are: J. F. Riley, First Battalion Commander; A. Julian, Second Battalion Commander; L. W. Zech, Third Battalion Commander; P. K. Kint, in command of the Fourth Battalion.

Training in night vision has for some time now been given to the off section of the Watch Squad. This takes place in one of Bancroft's more secluded basement rooms which is made like a dark room. Here we are graded on our ability to identify some minute ship models in various degrees of darkness ranging from pitch black to coal black.

We have not seen the marks that were taken and no one seems to have done very well.

"The present reserve class has been (Continued on page 75) 33

NAVY

AthUtLoi

^

•JV

Winter Sports Begin N

AVY varsity basketball, swimming, wrestling and fencing teams have swung into action for the winter schedule at to date hold a record of seven wins in nine contests.

The basketball team holds victories over Catholic University and Swarthmore but dropped a close game to a North Carolina Pre-Flight team studded with former college stars and professional players.

Navy's strong swimming team took Swarthmore and Penn State in stride, but ran into trouble with North Carolina, losing to the Tarheels by three points.

The wrestling team opened the season by blanking North Carolina and then dropped University of Pennsylvania from the undefeated ranks.

Tom Taylor, Navy's veteran soccer mentor, was honored by being named the "outstanding coach of the year" by the National Soccer Coaches Association. Four Navy players—Sam Gosline, center forward; Art Calisto, left forward; Bud Reaves, halfback, and Bill Chaires were named to the All-American soccer team.

Basketball Navy, 59; Catholic University, 41 North Carolina Pre-Flight, 45; Navy, 38.

Navy, 73; Swarthmore College, 39.

CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY

Led by second-string forward Bob Howe, Navy's varsity basketball team swept to a 59-41 victory over Catholic University to open the Midshipmen's 1944 court campaign on January 8.

Dick Scanlon, center and captain of the Cardinal quintet, paced the losers by accounting for a total of 15 points made up by six field goals and three foul shots.

Middle Captain Kenny Longnecker in the forward position, played a fast game in maintaining a fast Navy attack with aid from co-forward Jack McKay. 34

Navy Coach Johnny Wilson used substitutions freely during the second half with the Navy squad having built a substantial 28-17 lead at half time.

Paul Elliott, center, sparked the winners during the first half with four field goals and starting Navy Guards Ernie Litty and Adrian Back aided their teammates with tight defense work.

N. C. PRE-FLIGHT

A combination of former college stars from North Carolina Pre-Flight School at Chapel Hill proved too much for Coach Johnny Wilson's Navy basketball team on January 15 as the Cloudbusters went into the lead after the first minute of play to win 45-38.

Navy, however, showed plenty of determination in the second half as they crept to within four points of the PreFlight quintet on a field goal by Center Paul Elliott.

The Middies scored first on a foul shot by Adrian Back, but less than a minute later North Carolina went into the lead, 2-1, on a field shot by Whitey Myers, Captain-elect of Dartmouth's cagers before he went into the service.

Myers' score was quickly followed by field goals from the adept hands of Bud Palmer, eight-letter man from Princeton, and another by the Dartmouth exponent.

With this score of 6-1, the PreFlighters relaxed their attack but stopped Navy's also until a full seven minutes of the game had passed. Then, Middle team Captain Kenny Longnecker worked through the zone defense employed by the Cloudbusters to bring the score to 6-4, a second after Back had been given another foul shot.

Four points seemed to be the Navy jinx for it took the Annapolis Five another 10 minutes to break the ice and roll up the first real signs of a Middle attack which was sufficient to score 12 more points to make the halftime score read Pre-Flight 33, Navy 16.

Stan Skaug, Cloudbuster graduate star

from Dartmouth, opened the second half with a field goal but the Navy squad continued to rush the drive and managed to keep the sphere out of their own territory most of the next 10 minutes, by which time the Pre-Flighters led only 38-31.

The packed and jammed stands went wild as Navy's chances rose momentarily. However, the Pre-Flighters were using little energy while the Middies tired rapidly and the scoring was slow— scoring which, in the end was inconsequential despite a last thrust by Navy in the closing seconds which brought the count to 38-42, still in Pre-Flight's favor.

From this point it was only a matter of time with Palmer getting a foul shot CO make his individual scoring during the fray an aggregate of 25 points to lead the Cloudbusters to their eleventh straight win.

SWARTHMORE

The Swarthmore College cagers proved no match for Navy's basketball squad on January 19 as the Middies ran roughshod over the visitors, 73-39.

The Navy attack, apparently fully regained after the defeat at the hands of North Carolina Pre-Flight, built up an early lead to end the first half with a substantial 38-16 margin which Swarthmore was never able to overcome.

Navy's third-string center John Carroll took individual scoring honors as he accounted for 14 points in a secondhalf scoring spree. Of nine personal foul shots, the Middies missed only two.

On the basis of this score, Navy compares favorably against a mumal opponent with their arch rival, Army, since the West Point quintet had recently beaten Swarthmore, 80-29.

Swimming Navy, 65; Swarthmore, 8.

Navy, 64; Penn State, 11.

North Carolina, 39; Navy, 36.

CU22a£o

SWARTHMORE

By taking all first places. Navy's swimming team opened its season Jan. 8, with an overwhelming 65-8 win over Swarthmore.

Brock Mott, Navy third classman from Tulsa, Okla., clipped two tenths of a second off of his own 1:41.1 150-yard backsttoke record for the Academy set in his Plebe year.

The Midshipmen copped both relays with ease, and rang up first and second places in every event but the 200-yard breaststtoke in which George Rogers of Swarthmore was awarded second place on a disqualification of Navy's O'Rourke m a tight battle.

P E N N STATE

The Navy swimming team swamped Penn State's natators, 64-11 for the Middies' second sttaight win of the 1944 season on Jan. 15.

Bob Cowell of Navy broke the Academy record in the 150-yard backsttoke by one and one-tenths second.

Penn State placed second in two events—namely, the 150-yard backstroke and the 200-yard breaststtoke.

N O R T H CAROLINA

Scoring first place in all but the 50yard free style and one relay, the University of North Carolina swimming team won over the Navy natators, 39-36, on Jan. 22.

Hammond, Wildman and Mallison of North Carolina, broke the Academy pool record of 3:00.5 in the 300-yard medley relay to take the opening event in 3:00.2.

Crone of the tarheels scored a total of 98.6 in the low board diving to push the North Carolina squad nine points in the lead midway in the match.

A final burst by the Middle squad in the last event—the 400-yard relay, put Navy within three points of tying the Carolina team.

Wrestling Navy, 32; North Carolina, 0.

Navy, 29; Pennsylvania, 5.

NORTH

CAROLINA

A powerful Navy wrestling squad opened its 1944 season by defeating the University of North Carolina tar heels 32 to 0 on Jan. 15.

The Navy win gave them the first climb upward toward paralleling the undefeated record chalked up by the Middies last year.

Navy won the meet with four falls and four decisions.

MacDonald, Middle 121 pounder {Continued on page 50) FEBRUARY,

1944

Sitsa^*

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Iff WEST CHESTER PENNSYLVANIA 35

What's the Dope

Several years after Captain Beach was retired, he taught naval and military history at Stanford University. His writings include An Annapolis Plebe, An Annapolis Youngster, An Annapolis Second Classman, An Annapolis First Classman, and several volumes of naval action.

I P Q C HIRAM MANN, '95, 77 I 0 7 3 ^^^Y Street, New York City, sends good wishes for 1944, and the JOHN M. ELLICOTT, '83, 1878 MORTIMER E. COOLEY, (Capt., USN-Ret.), Quarters following contributions: ^ ^ '78, Dean Emeritus, UniverTimes-Square-Big-Shots sity of Michigan, 1405 Hill Street, Ann 177, Mare Island, California, writes: "When searching for a MS in one of Miss Green's the dean with mien serene Arbor, Michigan, sends all his friends season's greetings, the card including my wire baskets this morning I came Of them who guide the night club scene. across the following and concluded ir Miss Green's the dean because she's the following poems: was doing nobody any good so long as quick ON WINGS OF BUTTERFLIES it lay there, so I am dumping it on To block the slickest grafter trick.

An old sweet memory SHIPMATE." Comes back to me Not Fit For A Dog to Eat So deadly is financial strain On wings of butterflies Many of us knew J. K. R., some The swanky night clubs dread this pain; To bide awee when he was a young officer but more For them real mortal danger lies It dances airily when he was a Rear Admiral and Chief In rubber checks of any size.

On filmy wings of Bureau. I knew him best when he This old sweet memory was a watch officer on a ship in which A big barrage of phoney checks Of mine, and sings.

I was navigator. We were all very Can make the swellest night clubs Aye, sings like bells in chime fond of him. To his intimates he was wrecks: Of dreams untold affectionately known as J. K. or Jake.

No thought of Park Ave.'s rank or Of buds in blossom-time We were training apprentices and swank Upon the wold. had a large crew of youngsters not far Can take a bum check through the bank.

Inviting love and . . . kissed from teen age. One of them, who eviBy butterflies. dently had been a spoiled brat at home, And from the curse of this disease was disposed to complain of anything in THE SPRING AND BUTTERFLIES ship life not to his liking. He became Miss Green's sure-cure the bosses please.

And after all, the Bosses' losses Now blossom-time has passed. quite a nuisance.

Are the night-clubs cruelest crosses.

The summer, too; One morning when we were on a And autumn's on the wane. long sea trip J. K. overslept and had to The menu prices though sky high With naught to rue rush to his watch on the bridge with Are really an enormous lie.

As winter comes amain. only a bite of toast and a gulp of coffee. For should bad checks the club entrap And when at last By eleven thirty he was painfully The club has got to take the rap.

The snow lies soft and deep hungry.

Upon the barrow.

Just before noon our captious young- Prevention is the magic word Sweet memories shall bring ster rushed up to the bridge with his That makes Miss Green's the art pre"Surcease of sorrow." plate of food. ferred There'll be no call to weep.

"Say, Mr. R. . . ." said J. K. "Look Her skill's superb—her "Yes" or "No" Or sympathize. at this. It's not fit for a dog to eat!" Can deal to climbers lethal blow.

For soon will come the spring...

"Let me taste it," said J. K. Placing And butterflies. it upon the chart board he commenced So gossips in far Kankakee FRANK W. KELLOGG, '79, to eat. It was corned beef and cabbage Might give their spleen a verbal spree As they recount—"Well so I hear (Cajpt. USN), died in Water- and J. K. had a Jiggs' appetite.

"Not so bad," he said, and ate some Our Banker got one Bronx cheer." bury, Connecticut, December 20, 1943.

He was one of the oldest living gradu- more. "Pretty good, I should say," he added as he was finishing the last few "Not only was X check refused ates of the Naval Academy. bites on the plate.

But of bald fraud he was accused.

"Say!" exclaimed the youth, "Where The Xs talk of libel suits Captain Kellogg, a veteran of the Against those nasty night club brutes."

Spanish-American and First World do I come in?"

"You didn't want it, son," said J. K. Wars, served as a lieutenant in command of the ammunition division of the "You said it wasn't fit for a dog to eat. Now suits like these. Miss Green precruiser Baltimore, under Admiral Here, take your plate, knife and fork vents and run along, and whenever you think Because of almost occult sense Dewey, at the Battle of Manila Bay. your dinner is not fit for a dog to eat If night clubs pay her stacks of jack Although he retired in 1914, he was bring it right up to the officer of the They get the same—and much m o r e recalled to active duty in the First deck." back.

World War, and served as Executive Officer at the Charleston, S. C , Navy l o o p EDWARD L. BEACH, '88, "The Master" (Capt. USN-Ret.), who Yard until the end of the conflict. l O O O Who loves his work Military funeral was held with services served with Dewey at Manila Bay, died All things commands at Snug Harbor, 83 Prospect St., Water- in Oak Knoll Hospital, Oakland, So life is plastic California. bury, Conn.

In his hands

1883

1879

36

<:iiinm^h

To shape anew To bless and build As kindly hearts Have always willed.

"Best wishes for a Merry Christmas to all hands in the South Pacific, seasweeping, sky-blazing, jungle-smashing crew.

"You may take pride in the knowledge that your magnificent performance "NOTE FOR YOUTH" is hastening brighter days that lie ahead In life you'll meet for all of us.

All sorts of guys "Although your hardships and sturdy The good—The bad— efforts may be required on Christmas Fools and the wise; ^ Day as on all others, let us pay homage Just greet 'em all with friendly smile with due reference on this day to those It's ten to one they'll like your style. stout hearts who have made the supreme sacrifice so that our cause may march "USNA" on victoriously."

Time weighs all things for time's own test, giving to memory, "Best of DAVID WORTH BAGLEY, '04, (R. the best," and we, who served at Severn Adm., U S N ) , relieved Admiral Greenside. Recall NA with joy and pride. slade as Commander of the Western Sea Frontier. Rear Admiral Bagley's new i p Q Q J O H N WILLS GREEN- headquarters will be at San Francisco. ' " ' ' SLADE, '99, (Vice Admiral, USN) Commander of the Western Sea 1 9 0 5 RAYMOND P. R._ NEILFrontier and Commandant of the 12 th SON, '05, reports his address Naval District, reached the statutory as 131 East 66th Street, New York City. retirement age on January 11, 1944.

EARLE FARWELL, '05, should be igni ERNEST A. BROOKS, '01, addressed c/o Barry, Wainwright, Thac'^^' (Lt. Comdr. USN-Rer.), is her and Symmers, 72 Wall Street, New now on duty in the Office of Procure- York 5, N. Y. ment and Material, Executive Office of the Secretary, Navy Department, WashWILHELM LEE FRIEDELL, 05, (R. ington, D. C., and will be found holding Adm., USN), succeeded Rear Admiral forth in Room 2201, Navy Department. Bagley as Commandant of the Eleventh Naval District.

ALBERT T. RICH, 01, (Col. USARet.), 269 Clifton St., Maiden, Mass., l O n A ROBERT V. LOWE, '06, sends to all best wishes for the New I 7 U O (Comdr., USN-Ret.), reports Year . a change of address, it is now 1070 Glendon Avenue, Los Angeles 24, CaliWILLIAM H. ALLEN, '01, (R. fornia.

Adm., USN-Ret.), who is Director of the Office of Naval Officer Procurement, 1 QCYJ RAYMOND A. SPRUANCE. -07^ (y_ ^jjj^^ USN), was Atlanta, Ga., received the Legion of I 7 U / Merit for his services as Commandant given a Gold Star in lieu of a second of the Sixth Naval District and Task Distinguished Service Medal for his disGroup Commander of the Eastern Sea tinguished service as Commander CenFrontier. tral Pacific Force, United States Pacific Fleet, during the seizure and occupation 1 9 0 2 ^^^ ^ ADAMS, '02, (Capt., of the Gilbert Islands. '^^ USN), reports that he is retiring in February due to disabilities CHARLES McK. LYNCH, 07, received in service, and plans to spend (Comdr., USN-Ret.), is a recent donor the winter in Naples, Florida. to the Naval Academy Museum. It became known a short while ago through 1 9 n ^ RALSTON S. HOLMES, '03, Captain Harry A. Baldridge, '02, USN I 7WJ ( ^ ^ j j ^ ^ USN-Ret.), on ac- (Ret.), Curator of the Museum, who tive duty at the California Institute of stopped in the office of SHIPMATE and Technology, Pasadena, California, re- broke the news. The relic, which has ceived the Legion of Merit for his ser- been heartily received by Captain Baldvices as Commandant of the Eleventh ridge and given proper place in our Naval District and Task Group Com- beautiful museum, is the Helmet worn mander of the Western Sea Frontier by the first Chaplain of the United States Parachuters, Father Joseph P. Forces.

Mannion, Chaplain U. S. Navy.

Commander Lynch is President of our 1 9 0 4 WILLIAM F. HALSEY, '04, ' '^'^ (Adm., U S N ) , commander Alumni Association. Having returned of the Allied South Pacific forces, prais- to active duty, he is busily engaged in ing his fighting men, sent them the the office of Naval Officer Procurement, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. following Christmas message: FEBRUARY,

1944

CONTINENT METAL

PRODUCTS CO. CHICAGO

APPROVED MANUFACTURERS OF STEEL TERMINAL TUBES

JOHN W. REEVES, Jr., 11, (R190ft TIMOTHY J. KELEHER, ' '"*' 08, (R. Adm., USN-Ret.), Adm., USN), received the Distinguished lists his new address as 33 East 70th Service Medal for his service as Commander Alaskan Sector from June 1942, Street, New York City. to August 1943. He is a native of FREDERICK C. BO'WERFIND, 08, Haddonfield, N. J. (Comdr., USN-Ret.), is at present on duty at the disbursing office, Navy Yard, 1 Q 1 9 WILLIAM A. CORLEY, '12, Portsmouth, New Hampshire. *'*^ (U. Comdr., USN-Ret.), may be reached at 320 Adams Avenue, FRANCIS W. ROCKWELL, '08, (R. Montgomery 5, Alabama.

Adm., U S N ) , reports that his address should be changed to the Naval ExaminROBERT DOUGLAS MOORE, '12, ing and Retiring Boards, Navy Depart- (Lr. Comdr., USNR), is on dut)' at the ment, Corcoran aimex, Washington 25, Advance Base Assembly Training Unit, District of Columbia.

Naval Training Center, Lido Beach, Long Island, New York.

ARTHUR S. CARPENDER, '08, (R. CARLETON HERBERT WRIGHT, Adm., U S N ) , who recendy became Commandant of the Ninth Naval Dis- '12, (R. Adm., USN), will relieve Vice tria, received the Legion of Merit for Admiral Greenslade as Commandant of his services as Commander Southwest the Twelfth Naval Distria.

Pacific Forces from September 11, 1942 to November 26, 1943.

MAHLON STREET TISDALE, '12, (R. Adm., USN), is New Commandant JAMES L. KAUFFMAN, '08, (R. at the Mare Island Navy Yard. He has Adm., U S N ) , received the Legion of returned from a command at sea to Merit for his services as Commandant assume his new duties at Mare Island. of the Seventh Naval District and Commander Gulf Sea Frontier.

1 0 I O KIRKMAN "GUV" O'NEAL 13, from Birmingham, Alabama, writes: 1 9 0 9 ^E^RGE W. HEWLETT, "I am always so happy to find some '09, may be reached at the mention of those fine fellows I was once Huntington, Pasadena 15, California. associated with in the Navy.

"The company, of which I am PresiTHOMAS B. RICHEY, '09, (R. dent and Owner, Southern Steel Works, Adm., U S N ) , should be addressed care operates two plants, one of which was of Cominch, Washington 25, D. C. built in 1942, covering a fourteen acre site, is engaged in the manufacture of lOin L A W R E N C E F. R E I F super strucmres and gun platforms for • ' • ^ SNIDER, '10, (Commodore, destroyer escon vessels, and also fabriUSN), of Westminster, Md., has recendy cates landing craft and bombs of various received the Legion of Merit award. types for the Army and Navy. This Reifsnider is on duty in the South plant was recendy awarded the ArmyPacific.

Navy "E".

"I am always glad to make contaa FRANK LUCKEL, '10, (Comdr., with any member of the Class of 1913."

USN-Ret.), is in the Office of Censorship, 300 Exchange Building, Seatde 4, 1 0 1 4 HERBERT G. ESDEN, '14, Washington. ' " ^ (Col., AUS), gives his address as 441/i North Jackson, Franklin, 1 0 I 1 VAN LEER KIRKMAN, 11, Indiana. ' •" ' (Capt., U S N ) , m a y b e reached at the University Club, l6th 1 9 1 5 HERBERT V. WILEY, '15, Street, N.W., Washington, D. C ' " •* (Capt., USN), leaves die DeHARRY W. HILL, '11, (R. Adm., partment of Electrical Engineering, here USN), who commanded a task force at the Academy, for a tour of sea dut}'. at Tarawa and Makin, at a press conference of the Secretary of the Navy told EDWARD BREED, '15, (Comdr., of the efficient manner in whidi the USNR), writes via V-Mail, reporting operations were carried out. that he has been with the Fifth Army "It was a big show and a show of since Salerno, and hasn't been able to which every single American should be borrow a copy of SHIPMATE since proud," he said.

August, when his last copy reached him.

"The Navy, the Army and all of the He asks us to "please publish my address forces in that area had coordinated their at your first oppormnity, in that way I operations covering millions of square might even get a letter some day!" miles of sea."

(Ed. Note: The address is: Spec. Det. 38

G-2, Fifdi Army H. J., APO 464, Postmaster, N . Y. C.) 1 Q 1 i . HENRY M. MULLINIX, '16 • ' ' " (R. Adm., USN), was aboard the Carrier LiSCOMBE BAY. when it was lost in the conquest of the Gilberts.

Rear Admiral Mullinix has been reported killed in the sinking.

EARL M. MAJOR, '16, (Capt., USNR), reports that he will be on duty at Naval Operating Base, Newport, Rhode Island, imtil June, and should be addressed 34 Kay Street, that city.

SIDNEY W. KIRTLAND, 16, (Comdr., U S N ) , is on duty with Sixth Naval District, Port Director, Naval Transportation service, 830 Lynch Building, Jacksonville, Florida.

1017 HOMER N . WALLIN, 17, ' ' ' ' (Capt., U S N ) , informs us that he recendy reported as Supervisor of Shipbuilding, Seattle Area, and should be addressed Seatde Tacoma Shipbuilding Corporation, Seatde, Washington.

WELLLAM P. O. CLARKE, 1", (Capt., U S N ) , has been decorated with the Legion of Merit for outstanding service as commander of landing craft group.

The citation accompanying the award follows: "For exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding service as commander landing craft group of the amphibious force. United States Adantic Fleet, during the period of preparations for major amphibious operations." lOip HARRY W. NEED, 18, ' ' '^ (Capt., USN), gives his address as 1558 Mt. Eagle Place, Parkfairfax, Alexandria, Virginia.

1 9 1 9 J^^^ ^- HUNTER, IL 19, (Lt. Col., Air Forces), from Headquarters Air Forces, Air Inspecuon, P. O. M., Milotul Field, Long Island, writes: "As a "bilger' from the class of 1919 1 note with interest the happenings of those who are USN, USMC, USA or just civilian still.

"On account of having flown with the Air Qunice in the AEF in the last war (1917-19) I got ordered back to the Air Corps and reported as a Captain in June 1941. Served overseas in ChinaBurma-India theatre for 14 months. Returned to U. S. last May and have been a field representative of the Air Inspector ever since looking over units 'alterted' for overseas duty.

Qunmalp

"Best regards to those who remember the bilgers."

WILLMENT P. MARTIN, '19, (Lt. Comdr., USNR), from 2713 Bonifacio Street, Route 3, Concord, California, sends this along: "Here at St. Mary's we are really "cooking with gas' and things are going very well. I am, at present. Head of the Navigation Department, and am enjoying the work tremendously. ""The above address is my home, or I can be reached at U. S. Navy Pre-Flight, St. Mary's College, California."

JAMES M. JOHNSTON. '19, (Lt. Comdr., USNR), reports that now he is at the Navy Section Base, Southport, North Carolina.

CLAYTON W. KIRTLAND, '19, at present makes his home at 63 Fullerwood Drive, St. Augustine, Florida.

buried in the Battle plot near Rocky Bill instituted weekly conferences Mount, North Carolina on January 4th. with his shop foremen which are con"Turner had been on active duty with tributing essentially to the coordination the U. S. Marines for well over a year and cooperation which has earned the and had only recently returned from Burgee for production excellence, and combat duty in the Solomons. is contributing more to the war effort "Major John M. Greer, USMC-Ret., in his present position than if he were and I journeyed to Rocky Mount and at- reassigned to Navy active duty. tended the funeral of our classmate.

"Turner Battle was very popular in JEROME F. DONOVAN, Jr., '20, our class, and his host of friends will (Capt., U S N ) , is now on duty at the mourn his loss."

Puget Sound Navy Yard, Bremerton, Reported by John P. Graff, '20, Washington.

(Comdr., USN-Ret.).

LUNSFORD Y. MASON, Jr., '20, (Capt., U S N ) , who is on sea duty asks that mail be sent to 6 Parks Avenue, Newnan, Georgia, and adds: "You are doing a fine job. You keep us more nearly up-to-date during these days of censorship than any other agency encountered.

"I hope to be seeing you one of these days. Best to each of you during the new year."

RICHARD D. "DICK" JONES, '20, a C. P. A., reports his address as Peace Valley Hotel, Fort Sumner, New Mexico.

WILLIAM E. MILLER, '20, (Capt., USN), asks that mail be sent to him at 279 Bellevue Street, Newton 58, Massachusetts.

1991 JULIUS L. THOMPSON, '''*•' '21, (Lt., USN-Ret.), 280 Argonne Avenue, Long Beach, CaliWILLIAM G. (BILL) LIVING- fornia, reports that he would be happy STONE, '20, (Lt. Comdr., USN-Ret.), to see any of his classmates and friends is Assistant to the President, and Direc- passing his way.

1990 T U R N E R W E S T R A Y tor of Plant Security in the Busch' '^^ B A T T L E , '20, ( C a p t . , Sulzer Bros. Diesel Engine Company of IVAN W. MILLER, '21, (Col., USMCR), died at Camp Lejeune, North St. Louis, Missouri, now adding a third USMC), reports his address as 520 J Carolina, on January 1, 1944, and was white star to its Navy "E" Burgee.

Avenue, Coronado, California.

FREDERICK R. KIRTLAND, '19, listed address is obsolete. He is now Cheif Boatswain's Mate, USNR, on active duty in the Seabees.

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III!

i^ FEBRUARY,

1944

41

J O H N S. CRENSHAW, '21, (Capt., USN), from the U. S. Naval War ColU S N ) , is now stationed at the U. S. lege, Newport, Rhode Island, writes: Navy Yard, Mare Island, California.

"Please note my new address. I've just reported here 'under instruction,' IRVING D. WILTSIE, '21, (Capt., and am looking forward to a pleasant U S N ) , who was commander of the and instructive five months of duty." aircraft escort LISCOMBE BAY, which has M. HAMILTON "HAM" WALbeen sunk in the Pacific, has been reLACE, '22, (Lt. Comdr., USNR), from ported killed in the action. the Bureau of Aeronautics Resident Representative, Interstate Aircraft and WILLIAM L. MOISE, '21, (Comdr., Engineering Corporation, 3443 Wilshire USNR), reports that he has been detached from duty as Director of Naval Boulevard, Los Angeles 5, California, OfiScer Procurement in Richmond, Vir- sends along a very nice verbal bouquet ginia, and recently departed for over- for SHIPMATE. seas Advance Base duty as Commanding NEWELL L. BOWMAN, '22, makes Officer of . . . his home at 5407 Taylor Road, RiverJEFFERSON D. BEARD, '21, (Capt. dale, Maryland.

USN), is now on duty at the Naval THOMAS M. STOKES, '22, (Capt., War College, Newport, Rhode Island.

USN), will receive mail addressed 1414 RICHARD M. WATT, Jr., '21, Park Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina.

(Capt., U S N ) , may be found in The Bureau of Ships, Code 519, T4-2404, i g O O RAYMOND B. LEAVITT, I 7AJ .23^ (Lt. Comdr., USNR), is Navy Department, Washington, D. C. on duty within the walls of the Old L A W R E N C E E. D I V O L L , ' 2 1 , School on the banks of the Severn. He (Comdr., USN), is on duty at the U. S. is instructor in Department of Marine Naval Air Station, San Diego, California. Engineering and at present is busily engaged teaching First Class Middies STUART H. INGERSOLL, '21, (1945).

(Capt., USN), now Commanding Officer of the Naval Air Station, Anacostia, D. C , recently received the Legion of Merit from Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox, at ceremonies held in the Secretary's office. The award was made to Captain Ingersoll for the part he played in anti-submarine activities in the Atlantic.

JOHN A. MORROW, '23, (Comdr., USN-Ret.), reports that he is now making his home at 40 Bruce Avenue, Los Gatos, California.

LESTER H. KERN, '23, (Lt. Comdr., USNR), reported missing in action, as of November 24, 1943, aboard the USS LISCOMBE BAY, off Gilbert Islands, in Southwest Pacific.

1 g o o CHARLES D. GARVIN, '22, ' '^^ from Route 1, Box 441, Mill ROBERT L. GRANT, '23, should be Valley, California, sends season's greetaddressed 1509 Abbie Street, Shreveings to all, and adds: port, Louisiana.

"Am building ships at 'Marine Ships' Production Engineering. But still have PHILIP D. L O H M A N N , ' 2 3 , time to read SHIPMATE. It is a great (Comdr., USN), has been awarded the publication."

Legion of Merit for action aboard the USS SAVANNAH, during assaults on H. CUTTER WALTERS, '22, (Lt. Sicily and the Italian mainland. His Comdr., USNR), Williams College, permanent home is 1407 Poplar Street, Williamstown, Massachusetts, sends a Annapolis, Maryland. season's greeting card, with a VERY LARGE "NAVY 13" and a very small 1g04 HOMER B. WHEELER, '24.

"Army 0," and the following query: ' '^^ (Comdr., USN), comes in "What could be merrier? from a tour of sea duty, and reports his Yours for a winning score address as 25 Falcon Avenue, Long In all things during 1944."

Beach 3, California.

LEON HAMRICK, '22, (Lt. jg, USNR-Ret.), is connected with Steiner, Rouse and Company, and may be reached at Brown Marx Building, 2008 First Avenue, No. 1, Birmingham 3, Alabama.

HARRY

42

KEELER,

'22,

(Comdr.,

1Q9A ELTON W. GRENFELL, '26, I 7-^0 (Comdr., U S N ) , first skipper of the submarine GUDGEON, which was first to sink an enemy submarine from an American underwater craft in this war has been awarded the Silver Star for his services. He was previously awarded the Navy Cross.

FRANK F. FOUNTAIN, '26, (Capt., USA), from somewhere in Italy, sends Season's Greetings via V-Mail, with a very clever drawing showing a group of Yanks in a Jeep going heU bent down a hill, with this inscription: "See fellows? I tole ya dis would be a Merry Christmas, if we kept our childish faith."

BENJAMIN SCOTT CUSTER, '26, (Comdr., U S N ) , and Mrs. Custer announce the birth of a son, Barry Hawkins Custer on December 13, at Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida.

Mrs. Custer is spending the winter at 461 N.E. 93rd Street, Miami 38, Florida.

ALBERT BENJAMIN, '26, (Comdr.

USNR), from the American Embassy, Montevideo, Uruguay, gives us the following boost: "I want to congratulate you on SHIPMATE which in my opinion has become a very excellent service magazine. As you know, having been an editor myself, I can appreciate all the pains and aches that you go through with the birth of each issue. Good luck to you.

"I am still here as Naval Attache and Naval Attache for Air." TRACY B. SA>JDS, '26, 451 20th Street, Santa Monica, California, makes the following aimouncement: "I am in possession of a limited number of copies of 'Present or Accounted For,' our last class publication. Anyone desiring copies may obtain them by writing to me and remitting two dollars ($2.00) per copy. Any money received will be deposited in the 1926 Class Fund."

JOHN FRANCIS GREENSLADE, '26, John from recent dope received here is now a Commander, on duty in the . . . as an aviation operations officer.

1997 HENRY P. WRIGHT, '27, ''*•' (Lt. Comdr. USNR), is asi g O C W I L L I A M S I H L E R , ' 2 5 , sistant damage control officer and first ' ''•^ (Comdr., USN), leaves Vir- lieutenant aboard an aircraft carrier. ginia for the U. S. Naval Advance Base Depot, Port Hueneme, Cahfornia.

FRANCIS W. M c C A N N , '27, (Comdr., USN), is among the latest CHARLES S. McKINNEY, '25, (Lt. arrivals at Alma Mater having been Comdr., USNR), reports his address as detailed to duty in Department of Sea3010 Foster Drive, Warren, Ohio. manship and Navigation. He has only

recently been discharged from the Hospital, Oak Knoll, California, where he was xmder treatment for some time.

F. W. became a patient there after a tour of duty on the USS somewhere "out there." Occupies Quarters M-4, USNA, Annapolis, Md. ROBERT S. FORD, '27, (Comdr., USN), writes: "Since losing my ship, the RowAN, in the action around Salerno, Italy, September 11,1 have been in five hospitals, but believe I have reached the end of the road now at the Naval Hospital, St. Albans, Long Island, where I have just recendy arrived. My wounds are coming along very well now, and I expect to get back to active duty in a few months."

F. L JACOBS CO 1043 SPRUCE ST. DETROIT. MICH.

DIVISIONS JOHN A. EDWARDS, '27, (Comdr., USN), somewhere "out there," sends in his subscription with, "Better late than never."

EDWIN B. ROBINSON, '27, (Lt. Comdr., USN-Ret.), is on duty in the U. S. Navy Radio and Sound Laboratory, San Diego 6, California.

FREDERIC F. AGENS, '27, (Comdr., USN), in from a tour on the deep blue, gives his address as 9 Sycamore Lane, Hingham, Massachusetts.

THOMAS C. KING, '27, (Lt. jg, USN-Ret.), and Miss Louise L. Lowndes of Baltimore, Md., were married December 8, 1943, in St. Andrews Chapel, U. S. N. A., Annapolis, Md. ROBERT B. LOOS, '27, (Lt. CoL, USA), gives his new address as 1207 East 54th Street, Savannah, Georgia.

EDWARD D. LINDELL, '27, (Capt., with the Isthmian, S. S. Co.) will receive mail addressed 30 Clinton Place, New Rochelle, New York.

ALBERT B. M A Y F I E L D , '27, (Comdr., USN), who is aboard the USS reports that he will receive mail sent to 2011 Grand Avenue, Santa Barbara, California, and adds: "Best regards to all of my Crabtown friends."

ALEX M. P A T T E R S O N , ' 2 7 , (Comdr., U S N ) , who is on a tour of sea duty, should be addressed 408 Winona Avenue, Lumberton, North Carolina. i g O Q WILLIAM J. "JIM" LANI 7 X O j)ÂŁjsj^ -28, from Lisbon, Ohio, writes: "I am general manager and a memFEBRUARY,

1944

AIR-TRACK MFG. CORP. COLLEGE PARK MARYLAND

GRAND RAPIDS METALCRAFT DIVN. GRAND RAPIDS MICHIGAN

PARTS MANUFACTURING CO. TRAVERSE CITY MICHIGAN

F. L. JACOBS CO. 6600 LONYO ROAD DEARBORN, MICH.

DALLAS PLANT DETROIT MICHIGAN

ber of the Firm of Wright Engmeermg Company here in Lisbon, and am kept busy making parts for the Cal. 50 Machine Gun and the Cal. 45 Auto, pistol.

"I took my physical exam for Commission in the Marine Corps early in December and was accepted but have not yet been advised when or where I am to report.

"Saw my ex-wife Clarence Bowley in Washington a couple of months ago for the first time since I left the Academy, he has certainly seen plenty of action since Pearl Harbor.

"I occasionally see one of the old gang on a train and it is like old times to sit and shoot the bull for a bit.

"My regards and best wishes to all."

CHARLES R. SMITH, '28, should be addressed 828 Coventry Road, Berkeley 8, California.

19^n WILLIAM S. POST, Jr., '30, ' ''^^ (Comdr., USN), is at this writing. Skipper of one of the Navy's more active pig-boats. Since the battle of Midway the has written a sensational record, a story of ship sinkings and damagings so large that the Navy is keeping the figures secret. The President has recently honored the crew of the JOHN H. ARMSTRONG, '30, (Lt. Comdr., USN), has been reported missing since August 1942, the beginning of the Solomon Campaign.

ROBERT W. GREENSLADE, '30, (Lt., USNR), is executive officer of a beach battalion in training at Fort Pierce, Florida.

ARTHUR F. SPRING, '30, (Comdr., USN), sends a new address, 2616 South Fern Street, Arlington, Virginia.

ROBERT S. TROWER, III., '30, (Lt. Comdr., USN), may be reached in Eastville, Virginia.

CALVERT S. WILSON, '30, lists his address as 2450 Armstrong Avenue, Los Angeles 26, California.

CHARLES H. ANDREWS, '30, (Comdr., USN), whose home address is 61 Westminster Street, Hamden, Conn., has been awarded the Navy Cross.

WREFORD G. CHAPPLE, '30, (Comdr., USN), who holds the Navy Cross and the Gold Star in lieu of a second Navy Cross has been awarded the Gold Star in lieu of second Silver Star Medal.

RICHARD R. HAY, '31, been seeing a lot of the class and others (Comdr., USN), although who were in school at the same time. aboard the USS , requests that To all I haven't yet seen, best wishes, mail be sent to RED No. 4, Box 91, and hope our paths will cross soon."

New Bedford, Massachusetts.

D. RICHARD STEPHAN, '33, (Lt. Comdr., USN), reMARCUS G. STEELE, '31, (Lt., ports that he is on duty in Bureau of USN), should be addressed 2 Keyer Naval Personnel, Washington, D. C, Street, Quincy, Massachusetts. but his address for mailing purposes is 1115 South Wakefield Street, Arlington, DONALD J. M A C D O N A L D , '31, Virginia, and adds: (Comdr., USN), 110 East 87th Street, "Have changed my marital status New York City, is commanding officer since last March窶馬ow happily married of the USS , which has been' and taking on a bit of shore duty." given the nickname of Little Helena due to the fighting she did during fourteen LELAND P. KIMBALL, Jr., '33, (Lt., months in the South Pacific.

Comdr., U S N ) , is on duty at Bureau of The helped sink 10 ships Supplies and Accounts, Navy Departin five major battles. Also the ment. record includes, seven bombardments of Japanese installations, three rescue HENRY H. FOX, Jr., '33, (Lt. operations, including the famous one in Comdr., USNR), should be addressed which American destroyers stole into 1520 LaGrande Terrace, San Pedro, Japanese-held Vella Lavella Island and California. took off survivors of the Helena. Numerous air attacks in which some ten JOHN A. TYREE, Jr., '33, (Lt. Japanese planes were shot down, parComdr., U S N ) , who previously was ticipation in many of the American decorated with the Silver Star Medal, landing operations in the South Pacific, was awarded the Navy Cross. many convoy assignments to stop the "Tokyo Express."

CLASS OF 1934 Don, who wears the Navy Crosses

By SAMMY BRADBARD and the Silver Star, went into double harness December 9, when he married i g O ^ l C o n g r a t u l a t i o n s to Zane Miss Cecelia von Rath, twin daughter "Zeke" Thompson, Jr., on his of Mr. and Mrs. William von Rath of promotion to Lieut. Colonel, USMC, Olen Cove, L. 1. which was effected in December, 1943.

The Navy Department announced W I L L I A M B. S I E G L A F F , ' 3 1 , the presumable loss of the USS GRAY(Comdr., USN), who previously was LING in December. awarded the Navy Cross, received the Lt. Comdr. R. M. Brinker was CO. Silver Star Medal.

Let's hope that he and his crew are not lost but prisoners of war instead.

JOHN S. McCAIN, Jr., '31, (Comdr., A grand letter from Mel Dry, written USN), son of Vice Admiral John S. in December states: McCain, Deputy Chief of Naval Opera"I've seen some mutual friends lately, tions for Air, has been awarded the Sil- they are: Ed Fahy, Ed. Dissette, Jim ver Star Medal.

Ashley, Art Krapf, Joe Staley, "Jim' Baird, Homer Nielsen, Otto Schatz, Ken igOO J A C K I. B A N D Y , ' 3 2 , McLaren, Bill Lawrence, Johnny Hyde, Bob Risser, George Lautrup, Don ' '*''*窶｢. (Comdr., USN), writes: "Here in Norfolk there are quite a Scherer, Warren Walker, Ben Oakley, few members of the class of '32: Bill W. R. Crutcher, Dick Akeroyd, and perThorn, Izzy Schwartz, Mang, Bateye haps a few others.

Arthur, Charlie Phillips, Max Mather "Most are submariners who are too and Dick Matter. Dog Smith and senior for execs and who are waiting Charlie Lenman have just left. If you around for command. have any information on Doc Wilson of "Baird is a language smdent, Niel'32 I would like to hear about him as sen, Schatz, and M c L a r e n have I haven't heard anything of him since destroyers. the war started."

"Crutcher, (Lt., USNR), is 3rd on a boat. Dick Akeroyd is a civilian repreHARRY C. HUMMER, '32, (Lt., sentative for Ford Instrument Company.

USNR), reports: "The following have command of "I have been back in uniform since new boats: R. E. Nichols, Barr, WhitaSeptember 1941, and now being a good ker, W. R. Merrill, Raborn, Close, loyal reserve officer along with the rest Clarey, Deragon, .Hyde, Jack Martin, Ed of them.

Blakely, etc."

"Present duty is interesting. Have Whitaker has been awarded the Silver

1931

1933

44

Ji

Star, for while commanding his submarine during fire patrols, he carried on relentless search for enemy surface craft, attacking and sinking a destroyer.

An interesting letter from Hobart Key, our only class officer and class treasurer, states: That our class fund is in a mighty healthy condition, etc.

Well, here's the letter in toto, and the explanation of why the money hasn't been used to purchase War Bonds: "I enclose a letter which is self explanatory and which I wish to publish in SHIPMATE if I receive favorable replies from you and Frank and Fid. I sincerely hope that you will accept the position as I feel that you, more than anyone else, have kept the class spirit alive and active.

"I have not taken any action with disposition of the class funds in mind because, as you know, there are widely divergent views on this subject. However, with a group of class officers to represent the class I feel that we can now act on a majority opinion with reasonable assurance that our decisions will meet with general approval.

"I think your suggestions about the bonds is a good one, but you will under-

THE

FEBRUARY,

1944

stand that 1 am unable to make any arrangement concerning the class funds without knowing who to make the bonds payable to (in the class name) in case of my death. The appointment of three new officers will make possible such a purchase and will also relieve me of the responsibility of making the decision on my own.

"I think you have done a fine job with the '34 news and would appreciate an early reply to my letter so that we can get the new organization in commission."

Recent news of Shipmates in the San Francisco area includes that about Marvin Rosenberg, Chief Engineer of a spanking new light cruiser. We hope to see him and look over his plant before long.

WILLIAM C. G. CHURCH, '34, (Lt. Comdr., (CEC) U S N ) , writes: "For some time past SHIPMATE has been one of my few contacts with Navy news for I have been on the desert at Barstow, California, and Hawthorne, Nevada for the last year and a half.

Barstow was pretty bare but of course, there were plenty of Navy at Hawthorne.

"C. D. Lewis of '34 and family were

QUAKER

OATS

out at Hawthorne with us and we had a number of pleasant times together.

There were also a number of other academy men there and all told it was a pretty fine place to have duty.

"I have been up here at N. C. T. C, Quoddy Village, Maine, for the last month or so as Executive Officer and have very much enjoyed helping get this place established."

"HANK" MILLER, '34, (Lt. Comdr., USN), giving a fleet Postoffice address, writes: "The change is sort of slow getting in but at times, this war keeps one pretty busy. For '34 information, I've seen a lot of the class around in my travelsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;and we've been pretty much 'on the go.' Some of the list. Bud Schatz, Stephan, Phil Torrey, our only Bill Calhoun (AV-S USNR), Bob Johnson, Frank Whitaker, George Bullen, Jimmie Newell, Jimmie Wright, Marshall White, (Mark Grant is around but haven't seen him), and several others whom I have seen but can't think of at the moment. They are all doing a mighty fine job. Teaford Hatcher, '35 and I are handling this Air Group.

T-Bone can tell you a lot of stories about dropping fish!

COMPANY, C H I C A G O ,

ILLINOIS 45

"Do you have 'Frows\' E. J. Mulquin's address?"

"YER DERN TOOTIN""

EDGAR S. POWELL, JR., '34, (Lt. Comdr., U S N ) , reports that he and Mrs. Powell are extremely happy to announce the birth of their daughter, Darleen on 23 Nov. '43, weight 8 lbs., IV^ oz., in Norfolk, Virginia. Mother and baby doing beautifully.

Father avoiding grey hairs.

1 gOiL The most important bit of ' ' ^ " dope that we believe this column has been privileged to handle to date is the following information which has to do with the honor that has been conferred on our heroic dassmate Gus Gustafson, who carried the spirit of '36 in his manly breast untQ he answered the last call when the Japs bombed and sunk his ship, the destroyer PEARY, at Darwin, Austraha, early in the war.

On October 3rd his widow christened a DE named in his honor at its launching at Newark, New Jersey. The USS GUSTAFSON was commissioned at the Brooklyn Navy Yard on November 1st and by now is, no doubt, carrj'ing the banners of '36 and particularly the fighting spirit of Gus himself to the enemy wherever the forttmes of war may take her. May her officers and crew ever be inspired by the memory of the hero for whom she is named and may they ever keep his name aUve by the kind of devoted service and unselfish sacrifice which characterized the man who in spirit will always be at the helm.

It is our sincere wish that she may find her way to the battle fronts of the Pacific and that there the Japs find her a personification of Gus himself, resurrected in all his fury, this time on the giving end, plastering Jap bombers all over the Pacific.

The Skipper of the "Gus" is Comdr.

Herman Reich, USNR, of the class of '26. At this time I am unable to tell whether or not anyone from '36 is ser%'ing on the "Gus"' but we sincerely hope that her next skipper may be one of our own gang. The "Gus" with '36ers aboard would be an unbeatable combination.

It will be of interest to you to know that Secretar)' of the Navy Knox wrote Gus a letter of commendation for gallantry while serving as gunnery officer on the PEARY. We'll try to get the text of that citation for the next issue.

In addition Gus' brother BiU is now a Lieutenant in the USNR and is stationed at the USMCAS at Cherry Point.

North Carolina at present.

For the above we are indebted to Gus' widow, whom we wish to thank most heartily for bringing us the glad tidings that Gus lives again and is sailing the seven seas. We want her to know that she is one of our family of '36ers and the "Gus" will be the concern of every member of that family as long as that family exists.

At this stage I would hke to suggest that as a class we put something aboard the "Gus" that may remain with her throughout* her illustrious career. I know that states and cities for which

WILLIAM A. STEVENSON, '34, (Lt. Comdr., U S N ) , at sea, sends a very generous contribution, which is gready appreciated.

REGINALD RUTHERFORD, '34, (Lt. Comdr., U S N ) , is on duty at Instrument Flight Instructors School, Naval Air Station, Atlanta, Georgia.

IQIK J O H N D. STEVENS, '35, I 7J a (^^ Comdr., U S N ) , from die USS sends the following '35 dope: "For the benefit of Amos Hathaway, . the last I heard of Teaford Hatcher and his beautiful wife and daughter they were at Cherry Pt., where he was skippering a squadron.

"Xloyd Smith has a bombing squadron on the west coast.

"SnuflEy Smith has a bunch of PTs somewhere.

"Bert Hardin is at Miami.

"Saw Johnny Johnston in Norfolk, he is back in as a Lt. Comdr., USNR. "Saw Ed Outlaw, who has a fighter squadron on one of the new cruisers.

"Bill Musick has a bimch of torpedo planes on a new one.

"Bob McElroy, Joe Penland and I are Air Officers on CUEs. "Would like to hear from Wee Willie Hyland, Joe PUchta, Joe Lyle, Dave Nash, and Bunky Bakutis.

"Mail, will be forwarded to me if addressed 5504 Alson Drive, Norfolk, Virginia."

DERMOTT V. HICKEY, '35, (Lt., USNR;, should be addressed Carnegie Institute of Technology, Department of Metallurgy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

PETER F. BOYLE, '35, (Lt. Comdr., USN), requests that mail be sent to him at 2915 Calhoun Street, Alameda, California.

ALBERT ROTH WELDON, '35, CLt. Comdr., USN), is now the proud father of rwo lovely children. The older one is a boy named for Albert, and the latest edition, a daughter, Galen Dianne.

ROBERT E. HOWE, '35, (Lt., USNR), is now on duty at the Naval Air Station, Beaufort, South Carolina.

46

By G E N E RIEWE, '36

ships are named usually supply a silver service for the ship bearing the name.

I don't have many ideas along the line but I do feel that '36 should send something along with the "Gus". It may not be practical to do it just now but at least we can plan it now and see that it's done as soon as possible. Let's have your suggestions, gang. You sea-going men ought to have some excellent ideas on how the ship, its officers and creware made to always feel that '36 as a class is right with the "Gus".

During the month we also had a nice letter from Jack Blitch, who says: "I took command of this squadron in September and am now ready to take them 'out'. We've travelled a bit in the U. S. and are now itching to do a bit aboard that carrier that is made to cany us around.

"I have very little dope on '36ers but GriflF Sexton relieved me as Training Officer at NAS, Vero Beach, Rorida.

When I left there en route to this outfit, I did see most of the '36ers in Florida that you mentioned so can't add anything to diat dope. Griff, incidentally is StiU there.

"Saw Ed Oudaw, '35 in command of a fighting squadron 'departing' the other day. 'Swede' Holmstrom, '38 is my exec. 'Dixie' Nohrden is C O. of the Amphibious Tractor Detachment, Dunedin, Florida, where he and his famUy reside."

Thanks for the support. Jack We appreciate it. To show our appreciation, we'U do our best to get a word out of Freddie Blitch for you.

"Brad" Bradley assures us that his two daughters are blondesâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;not red-heads as I had suggested. "Brad" continues, "We go for variety in our family, except as far as gender is concerned.

"I have been with Douglas a little over four years, now. Started as a draftsman but soon shifted to the Stress group, where I have been since. Structural testing, which has been my specialty, is a very interesting job and so very good all around experience. Two other N. A. men who have been with the company about the same length of time are John Thomas, '>5, and Harold Felix, "39."

We were glad to hear from you "Brad."

We'U keep those blonde daughters in mind for possible future reference when my own boys, also blondes, are at the dating stage.

We made contact with the Mayhews again thru LuciUe, who writes from 106 May Court, Chagrin FaUs, Ohio, the foUowing: "Our Uttle redhead (Michael AUen) is fourteen months old now and is a live wire if there ever was one! He has been walking for two monthsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;has

sixteen teedbi—and keeps me jumping every minute!

"Ray was home for ten days in August. He is back in the South Pacific somewhere. Don and Marge (Gumz) were in California when Ray was there. They have a litde girl about a year old and Donna, who is quite a young lady now. Harlan Dickson was at the Air Station. He has been in everything and has the Navy Cross with three stars. Ray saw several other '36ers and it was quite like "Old Home Week'."

Thanks LuciUe! We're glad to have you wives act as secretaries who keep us posted when pop's away fighting.

We're very happy to report that Dick Hansen has showed up on the West Coast and are proud to armounce that the Hansen family now consists of "Bee" and Susan, Nancy and Dick. Hope to get in touch with you soon Dick.

Jack, Peggy and Anne CarroU Hewitt now are on the West Coast and should be addressed at 3806 Ocana Avenue, Long Beach 8. California.

Gus and Minta Springer are stiU ai VaUejo. Gus is stiU keeping the Mare Island Yard vmder control, apparendy.

Jim Gray is stiU at Pensacola. To look at the ribbons on his chest makes you sympathize with the poor feUow. He must get stoop-shotJdered whenever he

has to wear his medals. We're so proud of you, Jim, as we know Peg and Doug are of you.

The Hemenways stiU report from St. Albans. Hank is stiU hard at work keeping his boiler factory going so you feUows can raise some steam.

Had a nice letter from Charlie Ellis recently. Unfortunately he didn't have any dope to pass on this time.

Thirty-fivers will be interested to know that Buck and Tudor Weaver have made it a threesome with Tudor Perry.

BiU and Phyllis Keim of '39 now turn up at TiUamook, Oregon.

Have had another indication of how smaU this world is when I learned that the secretary to our Personnel Director at Luscombe Airline Corporation, my employer, is a sister of Harold H. Peacock, '34. She reports that he may be donning the blue again before long.

See you again next month!

igoy T H O M A S McC. ADAMS, ''*'' '37, (Lt. Comdr., USN), is among the recent arrivals to "Ye Ancient City," having reported for duty at the Postgraduate School, U. S. N. A., for a two year's course in Electronics.

Tom is one of three Aviators taking this course.

ELLIS H. FRANK, '37, on the letterhead of Edo Aircraft Corporation, CoUege Point, L. I., N. Y., writes: ""A few lines about myself are probably in order—I have been working in Aircraft for three years now—ever since I was rejected for a commission on physical grounds—and I am at the present time operating as Assistant to our Chief Industrial Engineer.

"I have managed to keep my interest in Navy matters alive through our work on Float Gear and also Grumman HeU Cat Assemblies and very shordy our experimental seaplane production. '"I should very much like to have my address in SHIPMATE with the express WARREN W. BRADLEY, '36, hope that some of my classmates might should be addressed 238 W. 64th St., see it and drop in for a visit when in Inglewood, California. the vicinity. I assure all Academy men a cordial welcome at any time."

SAM C. HAYNES, '36, makes his home in Georgiana, Alabama.

JAMES R. SCALES, '37, (Lt. jg..

Cluff Fabric Products WW e've been reading a lot about you men in the Navy and the job you're doing. To that we can say only— Thanks . . . We'll Remember. But there's something we'd like you to know about us. You wear the Cluff Life Jacket and you know it has met all the rigid Navy specifications. Still, there is something in them that even the thorough-going Navy can't put down on paper. The men and women who make the Cluff Life Jacket—from the Big Boss down to the man who sweeps out the place—are giving a little bit more than they're paid for. With every jacket goes the fervent hope for victory. With • every jacket goes that little extra something that only a sincere and patriotic craftsman can give it. And with every jacket goes a heartfelt, solemn prayer that the man who wears our life preserver may never need it.

Joseph

FEBRUARY,

1944

Grohs

47

USN-Ret.), lists his address as 664 EUiott Drive, Pasadena, CaUfornia.

out to sea again after a couple of months on the beach preparatory' to commissioning a new ship."

1 9 3 8 ^(Lt., ^ ^U S^' ^^^E^S' '58, N ) , from Japanese

1 9 4 2 CHARLES B. BISHOP, '42, â&#x20AC;˘ '^^ (Lt., U S N ) , was married to Ens. Alnora Pierce, W - V ( S ) , USNR, in St. Andrews Chapel, U. S. Naval Academy, December 17, 1943. He writes further from Portsmouth, N. H., 'At this time there are several of us here putting new boats in commission, BiU Dozier, Otto Werner, Dave Green. and Harr)' Rice.

"Would like to hear from RoUie Obey and RoUo Mayer."

WILLIAM G. HAWTHORNE, JR., Camp 5, Moulmein, Biu-ma, has written "39, (Lt.. USN), may be reached at U. a post card. Since the sinking of the S. Naval Air Station. Sanford, Florida.

Cruiser HOUSTON, to which he was assigned, this is the first word from him.

CHARLES DeWITT McCALL, 39.

(Lt., USN), who had just remrned from ALBERT R. OLSEN, '38, (Lt. submarine duty in the Pacific was marComdr., U S N ) , occupied in the South ried to Miss Dorothy Winifred Cook Pacific, took time out for a brief letter December 10, 1943, at the CalvaryAARNE J O H N TERVO, '42, (Lt., to us.

Baptist Church, Washington, D. C. USN), was married to Miss Alta Louise Hooper December 24, 1943, at The JACK HAWKINS, '39, (Major, Litde Church Around the Corner, New HEBER PLAYER. '38, (Lt., USN), aboard the USS writes, ""I can't USMC), and Miss Rhea Riner were York Cit)'. The Ter\'o's now live in contribute much dope on '38, however, married in St. Andrew's Chapel, Anna- DaUas. Texas.

I see one now and then, but truthfuUy polis, Md., December 23, 1943.

I think they avoid me as I've become a ARTHUR F. RAWSON, JR., '42, proud father of rwo Utde PLAYERS JOHN B. ANDERSON, '39, (Lt., (Lt., USN), from out there writes that and probably can't talk of anything USN), on duty at the U. S. Naval Air the SHIPMATE is "jeaUy the eyes and else."

Station, JacksonviUe, Fla., gives his cor- ears of the Navj'." rect address as 2932 Lakeshore Blvd.

JACKSON H. RAYMER, '38, (Lt., ROBERT V. PROUTY, '42, (Capt., USN), reports his address as 711 South A.C.), writes that he "just received a 1940 CARLTON F. REES. "40, Chapel Avenue, Alhambra, California. *'^^ (Lt., USN), is on sea dut\- card from SHIPMATE which was maUed back in July, 1941," and adds: "This at present.

GEORGE FRANQS DALTON, '38, card is a request for my address by the (Lt., U S N ) , was married to Miss MirWILLIAM R. CRAWFORD, '40, Editor, and in its travels it has picked iam Harriett Brown, in the chapel of up the post marks of Belem, BrazU, the Church of the Heavenly Rest in (Aer. M 1 c, USN), says, "I may soon Accra Africa, Kano Nigeria, Aden be able to meet some of my old dassNew York, December 28, 1943. Ushers Arabia, Bangalore India, Malang Java, at the wedding were, John Erickson, 38, mates in the wardroom. Throw a penny Perth Austraha, and a few others which at old Tecumseh and wish me luck."

(Lt., USN), and Charles C. Hartigan, I cannot make out. It must have ar'38, (Lt., USN). rived at each stop just after I left but HARRY F. FISHER, JR., '40, (Lt., how it ever got out of Java I'U never USN), from out there writes, " 'SHIP1 9^Q JOHN M. Mc. ENNERNEY, learn as we made the last flight OUL MATE' is a valuable and faithful comI7J7 .35^ (Lt. F. D., USA), who "Now. after over xv,o years, if my panion to any naval officers' travels." can be reached at 356 Day Street, San address is stiU wanted as having been Francisco, California, (as his foreign at one time a Midshipman in the dass WILLIAM V. DOWNER, of '42, it is as foUows: 30th Bombardaddress is not available, for the usual 1941 reason) writing from Chicago says that, " ' ^ ' Jr., '41, (Capt., CAC), sent us ment, Sq. ( H ) , 19th Comb. Group "about four months ago I met 'Gat' a V-MaU greeting card from "over Pyote, Texas."

Egan here in Chicago. He was headed there," which was one of the cleverest for Louisiana for a short respite." John improvisations SHIPMATE received.

WALLACE W. WITTENBERGER, sends his best wishes to "aU the old '42, (Ens., USNR). wishes his address gang from '39, and particularly to aU JOHN R. BURWELL, '41, (Lt., recorded as Apartment 3-D. 115 Hetuy those 'undersea dogs' from the Fighting USN), would like his friends and dass- Street, Brooklyn 2, N. Y. Fifth Co.", he adds, "Tommy Bennen mates to know that he has "at last and some of the gang that knew 'Goo- awakened to the fact that 'life can be MURRAY L. THOMPSON, '42, Goo' McDonald might be interested to beautiful' and has to thank for this, a (Capt., USMC), and Mrs. Thompson know that he is in a Jap prison camp lovely young Rebel from AsheviUe. N. after having been reported kiUed at C, by name Mary Eleanor 'Ginger' announce the birth of a son, WiUiam Wake Island."

Smith." He adds: "We are being mar- Murray Thompson, on November 29, ried Dec. 20th and after that date our in the Oceanside General Hospital, Oceanside, California. (Weight, 8 lb., CARL J. BALLINGER, JR., '39, (Lt., address wiU be Apt. No. 11, 217 Han- 6 oz.) over Street, Annapolis, Md. USN), lists his address as Box 250, King and Prince Hotel, St. Simons Island, Georgia.

REGINALD L L E W E L L Y N WORKMAN, '42, (Lieutenant, USN). and Miss AnnabeUe James, were married December 31, in St. Anne's Episcopal Church, Annapolis, Md. The Workmans wiU be at home in New London, Conn.

ROBERT W. GAVIN, '39, (Lt., U S N ) , says, "My best regards to '39ers; also for general information, I'm going

ADOLPH C. KING,'41, (Lt.,USN), WILLIAM R. BREWSTER, JR., '42, is a Navy pilot in Eau-GaUie, Florida. (Lt., USN), and Miss Kadiryn L. P.O. Box 334.

Cummings, are to be married. ""BiU"

HAROLD G. LEAHY, '41, (Lt., USN), writes that he is on his way to WILLIAM S. O'KELLY, '39, (Lt., a new ship but wiU be in Germantown.

USNR), is skipper of his P.C. and says Pa., for a few months, 150 West Washington Lane. "heUo" to aU hands.

48

Mi..

was awarded the Silver Star for gdlantry in action as gunnery officer of the USS BERNADOU during the initial occupation of French North Africa, and has the Presidential Unit Citation awarded to officers and crew of the USS

A. R. TROTTIER, '44, (Ens., U S N ) , ANDREW J. PAPAGEORGE, '44, and Elaine Haviland were married in (Ens., USN), from the Naval Air StaNaval Academy Chapel June 11, 1943. tion in Lakehurst, N. J., writes that Kane, "Hap" can be reached at 4951 North Garner, B. B. Levitt, and Miche, aU classmates of '44, are there.

Wolcott Avenue, Chicago 40, Illinois.

BERNADOU.

DELANO AMES III, '44, (Ens., USN), from sea says, "Have not seen anything of Joe McClane or Bobby Norton since we left Florida. Run across lots of classm.ates in this tin can outfit which makes things a lot more interesting, but have not seen those two."

104^ ARTHUR GARFIELD ' ^ ^ ^ RAND, Jr., '43, (Lt. jg, USN), and Miss PhyUis Mae Ashworth were married December 4th in Fall River, Mass.

RUSSELL EDWARD BLALACK, '44, (Ens., U S N ) , and Miss Joan Stockton Campbell were married in the Naval Academy Chapel December 25.

Immediately following the ceremony a reception was given at the Naval Academy Officers' Mess.

CHARLES K. SUTTON, '44, (Ens., PHILIP MILLS CLOW, '43, (Lt. ROBERT K. PATCH, '44, whose AC), says that he wiU be moving fre- USN), in the Pacific now but his home address is 410 West Center Street, quently and gives his home address as address is No. 5 Ziegler Tract, Penn's Covina, California, says, "After leaving Grove, New Jersey.

Plaiiffield, lUinois.

Crabtown, 1 did some job-hunting; and, having had a pleasant chat with my MITCHELL P. STROHL, '43, (Lt. JOSEPH F. SHARKEY, '44, is em- draft board, I finally ended up in the jg, USN), from California sends his ployed by the General Electric Co. as a Sperry Gyroscope Co. Spent three permanent address as 123 North Frank- Test Engineer, and even though in months in New York at school—Maclin Street, AUentown, Pennsylvania. civUian life, Joe desires to keep in- Clenahan, and Plehn, '44, were there formed of the various classes of his then, also—and saw Pierce (or is it GUY CHAMBERLAIN LEAVITT, acquaintance. His address is 27 Bloom- PEARCE?), Kelley, King, and my roommate, Rupe Miller—aU '44s in the '43, (Lt. jg, USN), was married to Miss field Street, Lynn, Massachusetts. city on leave from their various ships Eleanor Rutherford Dean, December 16 in Philadelphia, Pa. Lt. Leavitt is now JOLLY V. DWYER, '44, (Ens., and stations. I'm working (for Sperry, on duty in the Atlantic.

USN), from overseas sends his best StiU) with the Army Air Force as a wishes for the New Year. Also said field service engineer. I'd sure appre1 9 4 4 THOMAS L. CARLIN, '44, his check for SHIPMATE wouldn't bounce ciate hearing from any 1944-19th Co.' '^^ (Ens., U S N ) , is now in New unless his wife had decided on a fur 2 nd Sect, men, and any others who'd care to drop me a line."

London, Conn., Box 7, Submarine Base. coat for Christmas.

We are proud to he

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FEBRUARY,

1944

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VICTORY!

49

SHIPMATE has received and wants to acknowledge subscriptions, contributions, or other communications from the foUowing officers, whose addresses for the usual reason cannot be pubUshed:

KENNETH C. GUMMERSON, '44 J O H N B. LI"VINGSTON, '44 JOHN C. KANE, '44 P. M. BEARD, '44 L. H. SUGG, '44 H. ALLAN WRIGHT, '44 JAMES R. WISH, '44 JAMES A. GRANT, '44 ALAN B. LEMLEIN, '44 D. P. BROOKS, '44 D. Y. MUNNIKHUYSEN, '44

CHARLES S. FREEMAN, '00 LOUIS W. McKECHAN, '07 WILL W. HICKS, '08 B. V. McCANDLISH, '09 J. CARY JONES, '13 ARNOLD PAMPERIN, '16 DONALD W. LOOMIS, 18 AUGUSTUS H. DONALDSON, '20 Athletics A. D. BLACKLEDGE, '20 {Continued from page 35) THOMAS A. ESLING, '21 and winner last season of the Eastern CASPER M. EICKS, '21 WYATT CRAIG, '21 IntercoUegiate Championship, opened CHARLES F. ERCK, '21 the tar wins today by pinning his opISAIAH OLCH, '22 ponent, Nachamson, in six minutes, 50 HENRY W. TODD, Jr., '23 seconds.

J. J. JECHLIN, '23 Henson, another Eastern IntercolJ. PAGE DOWDEN, '25 legiate champion, team captain and AUSTIN W. WHEELOCK, '25 wresder in the 145 dass, spiUed Tuomey PAUL W. HORD, '25 and won the match in four minutes, 2 seconds with a faU. E. L. B. WEEMER, '26 Navy's Creel, 155 pounder, took a CHARLES E. CROMBE, JR., '26 3-0 decision over Batten. Creel last year J O H N A. EDWARDS, '27 â&#x20AC;˘won the Eastern IntercoUegiate in the LANNIE CONN, '27 165 pound dass.

J. W. HAGER, '27 ALAN B. BANISTER, '28 PENNSYLVANIA "WILLIAM D O N THOMAS, '28 A tticky Pennsylvania wrestUng squad WILLIAM K. BARRDEN, '28 put up a game fight on Jan. 22, but ROBERT L HUBBARD, Jr., '28 sank under a barrage of power and DAVID D. HAWKINS, '30 speed from the vasdy superior Navy MAXIM W. FIRTH, '31 team which took seven of eight dasses LOUIS F. VOLK, '31 and ended the meet with a 29 to 5 score.

GEORGE P. HUFF, '31 The match was Navy's second win in JOSEPH A. JAAP, '32 as many meets. The Middies last week A. S. MAJOR, Jr., '32 swept through North Carolina's tar D. R. SHAUL, '33 heels 32 to 0.

EDWARD E. GRIMM, '33 The Ughtest and the heaviest weight J. R. BAILEY, '33 classes were the fastest of the evening.

J. D. FULP, Jr., '34 Navy's 121 pounder, MacDonald, WALTER T. GRIFFITH, '34 threw Lee in just 57 seconds, whUe F. R. SCHRADER, '35 Coppedge, the tars' heavyweight, pinned "WILLIAM W. KAUFMAN, '36 Stickel to the mat in 45 seconds.

RANDOLPH MEADE, Jr., '36 Beyer, the only Quaker to score, ARTHUR F. JOHNSON, '38 piimed Blum in three minutes, 50 J. L. ERICKSON, '38 seconds of an overtime period.

CHARLES D. COOPER, '38 GERALD S. NORTON, '39 Fencing J O H N S. EVERSOLE, '39 Navy, 15; Fencers Club, Philadelphia, 12 CLARENCE W. BECKER, '39 PHILADELPHIA FENCERS CLUB RICHARD L. DOWNING, '39 Navy's fencing team, in its first meet JOHN H. BOYUM, '40 of the season, batded a strong squad EUGENE A. HEMLEY, '40 from the Fencers Club of Philadelphia ROBERT L. DODANE, '40 and finaUy emerged victorious, 15-12, W. A. SCHOEN, '40 on Jan. 22.

CHARLIE FEARS, '41 The Quaker City fencers won the ROBERT M. STRIETER, '41 foUs bout, 5-4, while the Tars came out DAVID P. POLATTY, Jr., '41 on top with the epee, with the same WALTER R. SADLER, '42 score and the sabre, 6-3.

ROLAND J. OBEY, '42 JACK S. FAHLSTEDT, '42 A. C. Sheahan, who wielded a sabre DOUGLAS F. GUTZMAN, '42 for the Middies, came within one bout GUILFORD D. ACKER, '42 of ending his scoring with a perfect record.

J. B. ROAK, '42 J U N I O R VARSITY ABE LEICHTMAN, '43 H U G H A. SCOTT, '43 Navy's Junior Varsity basketbaU 50

squad, led by forward Russ Owen, trampled over the AimapoUs Yacht Yard Quintet, 46-31, on Jan. 21.

Owen, accounting for eight field goals, paced the Middle Jayvee attack during the second half splurge which put the Tars ahead by a sufficient margin to aUow them to coast to victory in the fimal ten minutes of play.

A long shot from mid-court by Johimy Schuerholz, forward for the Yacht Yard five, completed the scoring for both teams as the final gun sounded.

PLEBES

The Navy Plebe basketbaU team opened its 1944 season by swamping the BuUis School quintet from SUver Spring, Md., 54-17 on Jan. 8.

Plebe forward Dick Duden led the Navy attack with eight field goals, five of them in the first half, to give the Middies a 25-9 half-time lead.

Clyde Scott, playing second stting forward |>osition, appeared for a shon time in the second half for BuUis School and accotmted for two of the losers' field goals.

The Plebe basketbaU team made it two victories in a row with a 35-22 win over Calvin Coolidge High School of Washington on Jan. 15.

Middle Coach Keith Molesworth's quintet had Utde ttouble piUng up a 16-4 lead at halftime and the Navy mentor substimted Freelyin the second half with substimte forward Arle accounting for five p)oints.

Plebe guard Buxton chalked up nine of the Middle's total points whUe highscoring honors on the CooUdge cage squad went to Sickle who rang up-10 points for four field goals and two foul shots.

The Plebe basketbaU team came from behind in the second half on Jan. 22 to defeat the Baltimore Polytechnic Instimte quint, 43 to 32.

The Baltimoreans led 21 to 20 at half-time, with Poly center Barrett setting the pace with five field goals and a foul shot for the high scoring honors.

Although they dropped both relay races, the Naval Academy Plebes took first in five of the six other events, to defeat the swimming team of the Baldmore Polytechnic Instimte, 40 to 26 on Jan. 22.

The Plebe swimmers took first in the 220 yard free style, 50 yard free style, low board diving, 100 yard back sttoke and 100 yard breast stroke.

Taylor Named Leading Soccer Coach of Year Tom G. Taylor, coach of the Navy soccer team was named "outstanding soccer coach of the year" by the Na-

i^ic.,^,

tional Soccer Coaches Association.

Lt. Earl C. Waters, USNR, President of the Association and a member of the staff of the North Carolina Navy PreFlight School made the announcement just slighdy more than a week after four of Navy's 1943 starting eleven were placed on the AU-American Soccer Team.

Taylor, who was born in Scotland, came to America in 1903 and in 1914 inttoduced soccer to Maryland, organizing teams in the State's high schools, Academy records disclosed.

The Middle soccer mentor joined the athletic coaching staff at the Naval Academy in 1919 and has held the position of head soccer coach for the past 25 years.

The Na\'y team tied with the University of Pennsylvania in 1932 for the Nadonal Soccer Championship and members of the soccer squad throughout the years have placed AU-American.

During the 1943 season. Navy won six and tied one—largely through the efforts of its four AU-American choices.

Middies selected by the National Association for berths on this aU-star squad were goaUe Sam Gorsline, center forward Art Calisto, left forward Bud Reaves and team captain and halfback, BiU Chaires.

T h e Landing at Salerno

ENSAY, MOUSA, SHEPPEY, ST. KILDA, M I N U E T , STELLA, CARINA, VISENDA and R E I G H T O N W Y K E . There were also

{Continued from page 14) For bombarding and other purposes 4 British motor launches fitted for minethere were detailed the foUowing: sweeping; 4 British motor-minesweepHMS ALYNBANK—Caotain Hon. V. ers and 4 United States YMS. H. Wyndham-Quin monitor; ROBERTS, For convoy work, anti-submarine deCaptain HMC IONIDES, and fence and general duties, upwards of 70 HMS MAURITIUS (Captain W. W. small naval craft, British and United Davis), Flag of Rear Admiral C. H. J. States, worked with the Northern AtHarcourt; tack Force.

HMS UGANDA—Captain W. G. AnOther ships working under the orders drews; HMS ORION—Captain G. C. P. of Commodore Oliver included H.M. Menzies; Ships GLENGYIE, ROYAL ULSTERMAN, HMTBD's LAFORTY, Captain R. M. J. PRINCESS BEATRIX, ULSTER M O N A R C H ,

Hutton; LoYAL,

LOOKOUT, TARTAR,

and N U B I A N together with the M E N D I P , Captain C. R. L. Parry, BRECON, BLANKNEY,

BROCKLESBY, B L E N C A T H R A , EG-

GESFORD,

QUANTOCK,

DULVERTON,

TETCOTT, BELVOIR, BLACBCMORE, BEAUFORT, EXMOOR and LEDBURY with the PINDOS of the Royal HeUenic

Navy.

The Fleet Minesweepers working with the Northern Attack Force were H.M. Ships FLY, Captain J. W. Boutwood, R.N.—RHYL—-Commander L. J. S. Ede, R.N. CLACTON, POLRUAN, BRIXHAM, STORNOWAY, BUDE, ESPIEGLE, CIRCE, CADMUS, ACUTE, ALBACORE, MuTiNE, ROTHESAY and FELIXSTOWE, and the Minesweeping Trawlers CovERLY, T A N G O , PIROUTTE, GAVOTTE,

ROYAL SCOTSMAN, PRINCE ALBERT, PRINCE CHARLES, PRINCE LEOPOLD, PRINCE CHARLOTTE and PRINCESS

ASTRID.

AIR SUPPORT FORCE The Air Support Force under the command of Rear Admiral Sir PhUip Vian, mentioned above 3, consisted of the foUowing cruisers: HMS EuRYALUS (Flag)—Captain E. W. Bush HMS SCYLLA—Captain J. A. P. MacIntyre HMS CHARYBDIS—Captain G. A. W.

Voelcker with the aircraft carriers: HMS

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The escort carriers H. M. S. AVENGER and H. M. S. BITER which played a big part in the landing at Salerno. The BITER is an American-built carrier. Note Sea-Hurricane fighters ranged on the pitching flight decks.

HMS HUNTER—Captain H. H. McWiUiam HMS BATTLER — Captain F. M. R. Stephensen HMS STALKER—Captain H. S. Murray-Smith HMS ATTACKER—Captain W. W. P. Shirely-RoUison and the destroyers: SLAZAK

and

KRAKOWIAK,

of

the

Polish Navy, and H.M.T.B.D's ATHERSTONE, LIDDESDALE, HOLCOMBE, CLEVELAND, PUCKERIDGE, CALPE, H A Y DON and CATTERICK.

FORCE H' The covering Battle Fleet under the command of Vice Admiral Sir Algernon U. Willis, mentioned in paragraph 3, consisted, as originally constituted for the operation, of the following: HMS NELSON (Flag)—Captain the Hon. G. H. E. RusseU HMS RODNEY—Rear-Admiral J. W. Rivette-Carnac.

HMS WARSPITE (Flag) of Rear-

Admiral Bisset; Captain H. A. Packer HMS VALIANT—Captain L. A. Ashmore HMS K I N G GEORGE V—Captain T.

E. Halsey HMS HOWE — Captain C. H. L. Woodhouse HMS ILLUSTRIOUS (Flag of RearAdmiral Clement-Moody); Captain R. L. B. Cunliffe HMS FORMIDABLE — Rear-Admiral Ralbot HMS AURORA — Broad Pendant of Commodore W. G. Agnew HMS PENELOPE — Captain G. D. Belben HMS SIRIUS —Captain P. W. B. Brooking HMS DIDO—Captain J. Terry with attendant destroyers.

The VALIANT and WARSPITE under the orders of Captain Ashmore of the VALIANT, proceeded to the Salerno area for bombarding purposes on September 15 th and l6th.. They were accompanied by the destroyers JERVIS, ILEX, PETARD,

-ESTABLISHED

PATHFINDER, PANTHER and PENN. The AURORA and PENELOPE arrived in the Salerno area on September 14th for bombarding purposes and the SiRius and DIDO shortly afterwards.

HMS SHEFFIELD arrived in the Salerno area on September 27th and carried out a bombardment on the 28th.

The ships which provided gunfire support close in shore to the Northern beaches were the following Fleet destroyers: LAFOREY, Captain R. M. J. Hutton; LOYAL, Lieutenant Commander H. E. F. Tweedie; LOOKOUT, Lieutenant Commander A. G. Forman; TARTAR, Commander St. J. R. J. Tyrshitt; NUBIAN, Commander D. E. Holland-Martin; and the Hunt Class destroyers MENDIP, Lieutenant Commander C. R. L. Parry; BRECON, Lieutenant Commander T. D. Horrick; BLANKNEY, Lieutenant Commander D. H. R. Bromley, DuLVERTON, Commander S. A. Buss; TETCOTT, Lieutenant Commander H. R. Rycroft; BEAUFORT, Lieutenant Commander Sir Standish O'G Roche, together with a number of landing craft.

The following is a record of the number of rounds fired by some of the ships engaged: The N U B I A N carried out many bombardments between September 9 and 19.

She fired 341 rounds on one day and 256 on another. Her total rounds fired during the operation was about 1400 rounds.

Other bombarding ships were the criusers MAURITIUS, UGANDA, and ORION, already mentioned in paragraph 8. Full details are still lacking; but between September 5 and 15 the UGANDA fired 816 rounds of 6 " ammunition.

In the fourteen days ending September 28, the cruisers AURORA, PENELOPE, SiRious and DIDO expended between them 5085 rounds of 6" and 5.25" ammunition.

The battleships VALIANT and WARSPlTE were in action on September 15 and 16, as mentioned above. Full details again, are lacking, but out

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of 30 rounds of 15-inch fired at enemy positions at long range on September 15, 19 feU exactly on the targets. Out of 32 rounds of 15-inch fired on the l6th 16 were dead on the target and 8 within 100 yards. Enemy traffic concentrations were pounded, and ammunition dumps blown up.

In the Northern area bombarding ships engaged 270 targets between September 9 and 28, certain indirect bombardments being carried out at long ranges. The coimtry was mountainous, and it was difficult always to make fuU use of land artillery. It was the opinion of the Army that without the Naval gunfire many more lives would have been lost and the advance to Naples would have been slowed up.

In the Southern Attack Force area United States cruisers and destroyers were equally in action. The cruiser PHILADELPHIA fired a total of 2946 rounds of 6-inch and 1161 rounds of 5-inch while the operation lasted. Her largest day's expenditure was 1169 rounds of 6-inch on September 13.

The SAVANNAH and BOISE were also engaged, the latter expending 1939 rounds of 6-inch and 311 of 5-inch during the operation. On September 15, for instance, the BOISE fired 563 rounds against troops and tanks near Persano.

the best known of these having been Scheveningen, the beach of The Hague ('sGravenhage). Besides the waterways of the Scheldt and the Rhine, two artificial shipping canals were cut across the dunes—the New Waterway leading seaward from Rotterdam on one of the Rhine branches and the North Sea Canal giving an outlet to Amsterdam. The Rhine outlet itself was of minor economic importance, but the Scheldt opened the way first to the Dutch harbor of Flushing (Vlissingen), the continental terminus of one of the main crossings to England on the route between London and Berlin, and then farther inland to Antwerp.

From time to time all the United States cruisers and destroyers were in action, and it may be a little invidious to mention names, but on one day, Sepcember 15, off the Sele River, the destroyer MAYOR, working with the PHILADELPHIA and BOISE, fired 1160 rounds of 5-inch.

During the period September 9-10 alone the destroyer BRISTOL fired a total of 900 rounds from her main batteries.

Among her objectives were two bridges, subsequently reported demolished, and a tank concentration.

The Netherlands {Continued from page 17) necessary in order to explain the present geography. It lays a basis for the discussion of the three namral divisions; the dunes, the lowland, and the upland.

T

HE DUNES—Except where the sea has broken through, the dunes form an almost continuous band. Because the sand is usually fixed by vegetation, the dunes are a bulwark against the fury of waves and winds. On the outer side is a beach, wide at low tide and protected by many stone piers, used for bathing in summer. Before the present war, many summer resorts lined the coast,

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The straight Dutch coast does not favor fishing. Nevertheless, fishing was still important before the Second World War. Steam trawlers had replaced the old flat-bottomed boats, and fishing was concentrated in a few important harbors, notably Ijmuiden on the North Sea Canal, where herring was the main catch.

On the inner side of the dunes a zone of sand forms a transition to the polder region. Here the soil is very favorable for the growing of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and nursery stock in the form of young trees and bushes. Near Haarlem were the famous bulb fields, which supplied a somewhat unusual item in the exports of Holland. The many hot-

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houses in which grapes and tomatoes of high quality were grown for export formed a truly imique feature; they iUustrate how effectively Dutch energy mastered such geographical disadvantages as summers too cool for the development of many of the finer fruits.

This transition zone is the site of many towns and vUlages which flourished before the Second World War. The firm sod on which these towns were built made possible the beautiful parks and gardens which could not have been grown on the polders. The Hague (500,000 inhabitants), the residence of the Queen and of Parliament, although Amsterdam is the acmal capital, is the largest cit)- in the transitional zone.

Before the war it was comparable with Washington in its dignity, and in its large proportion of official residences; it, too, was a center of wealth and a retreat for pensioned officials and retired business people.

T

HE LOWLANDâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;The Dutch lowland (polderland), most of which is below sea level, represents HoUand in its most typical form. Seen from the air or on a large-scale map, it appears as an intricate pattern of polders with innumerable ditches separating the fields and providing drainage toward steam pumping stations. These stations ordinarUy pump the excess water into the wide drainage canals, but in dry seasons they are used to pimip water from the canals back upon the land, thus making HoUand doubly secure against crop f aUures. WindmiUs, which many people regard as the most characteristic feature of Dutch scenery, have lost a grear

Aircraft

deal of their importance. Extensive bodies of water represent parts of the former swamps where the underlying sod of peat or sand was not worth reclaiming; others occur where peat was once dug out for fuel and the depressions were not refiUed. Dikes, higher and broader than those of the canals, protect the lowland from the waters of the inland marine basin of Lake IJssel, as the Zuiderzee is now caUed, and from the two branches of the Rhine River which flow across this polderland. Most interesting is the new polder south of the island of Wieringen. This dotted area was once a part of the Zuiderzee; now it is a flat, treeless plain on which the sheU-like soU and the remnants of shipwrecks lying on the meadows among grazing catde combine with the new and gaUy colored brick houses to betray how recendy the polder had been reclaimed.

In the polder region as a whole, grass is the dominant vegetation, both on the peat and on part of the clay. Green meadows studded with large farmsteads are surrounded by borders of trees.

Roads, canals, tramways, and railroads provide transportation faciUties to bring milk, butter, and cheese from the dairies to the towns.

On the higher day soils, grain flourished; it was the dominant product in Zeeland at the southwest corner of Holland and also in Groningen at the northeast corner. Besides wheat, the major crops were sugar beets, fodder, and seed.

The type of garden agriculture prevailing on the inner edge of the dune zone with its sandy soils extended into the polder region, where local areas were

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weU known for their nurseries of vegetables, fruits, and trees. Moreover, especiaUy between Rotterdam and The Hague, the hothouse type of agricidture invaded the lowland.

ITIES OF THE POLDERLAND â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Two C cities dominate the polder region: Amsterdam, the capital, and Rotterdam, HoUand's greatest seaport. Amsterdam, originaUy a fishing settlement beside IJ, a gidf of the Zuiderzee at the mouth of the litde Amstel River, became one of Europe's principal cities in the seventeenth century. Its colonial connections were one factor of its growth, and profits made in Far Eastern trade were the basis of its prosperity before the Second World War. With die decUne of die Dutch Republic, Amsterdam's glory for a time was also ecUpsed, and its rise during the nineteenth century was restricted by harbors unsuitable for modern trade. The Zuiderzee was too shaUow for large seagoing vessels; a canal extending northward was too long to be satisfactory; and it was not untU the straight, short North Sea Canal was buUt that the problem was solved. At the seaward end of the canal, at Ijmuiden, the great locks, the largest in the world, have a depth of forty feet, whUe the IJ, now dosed off from the former Zuiderzee, has become an excellent harbor.

Before the Nazi invasion, trade was StiU chiefly with the Indies. Amsterdam imported such producrs as tobacco, copra, coffee, tea, rubber, quinine, kapok, tin, spices, cocoa, and teak. For some of these imports, especiaUy tobacco, quinine, kapok, and pepper, Amsterdam was the chief European market. A very special local industry was that of diamond cutting and poUshing. Amsterdam and Antwerp suppUed the world market in this field. The canal connecting Amsterdam with the Rhine gave to it a share of the Rhenish trade, although this was of smaU importance compared with simUar trade passing through Rotterdam. The Amsterdam Stock Exchange, the largest in HoUand, made of this city a financial center. With its 800,000 inhabitants, its strong hold on the Dutch colonial trade, and its prestige as the capital, Amsterdam formed a busy center of Dutch economic life. UnUke most cities, it is surrounded by a broad expanse of grassland, and only beyond this soft, damp area does one find the garden suburbs such as Hilversum on the sandy upland to the east and Haarlem on the dimes to the west. In the" country surrounding Amsterdam, especiaUy along the IJ, the North Sea Canal, and the litde Zaan Canal, important manufacturing developed under the combined advantages of ocean transpor-

QilnmmP

ration and a comparatively large neighboring market.

The position of Rotterdam (600,000 inhabitants) at the mouth of the Rhine, with its vast economic hinterland, made it an international transit harbor rather than a Dutch terminus. The canal known as the New Waterway provides easy access from the sea to the city, and along both the canal and the Rhine from the Hook of HoUand to Rotterdam stretched busy communities which shared the city's trade and industries.

Grain, ore, timber, oil seeds, cotton, and petroleum were imported and reshipped on long barges which were towed in strings up the Rhine. They returned to Rotterdam bearing the greater part of Dutch imports, even more imports than were carried to Amsterdam. As at Amsterdam, various types of manufacturing plants bordered the New Waterway and the neighboring waterways, making Rotterdam a local, but nevertheless important, industrial center. So many ships frequented this port that it was one of the chief harbors of the world. In contrast to Amsterdam, which had regidar steamship services to India and to South America, the trade of Rotterdam was largely borne in tramp ships, although there were also weU-known lines to the Dutch East Indies and to the United States.

Among the other cities are Delft, Leyden, Utrecht, and Groningen. Each was not only an important market town but also the seat of a well-known university. All four cities are near the border of the lowland. Delft and Leyden near the dunes, Utrecht and Groningen near the eastern sandy uplands, and their garden suburbs extend into the drier sandy region.

T

HE EASTERN UPLAND—Quite different is the picture in the east, where sand and high moors replace the lowland peat and clay. The elevation is still low, although above sea level, but in many places glacial ridges of sand give a roUing aspect to the country, contrasting strongly with the broad river vaUeys of flat clays. In some places there is still much wasteland, but even there the scenery is beautiful in smnmer when the purple heather stands out against the dark green patches of forest with their stately pines and majestic oaks and beeches. The present value of this wasteland, in addition to its timber, is its recreation resources for the adjacent, densely populated cities.

Before the present war a great shift took place in the use of the sandy uplands. Once they were the most backward section of HoUand, a region of meager fields of rye, buckwheat, and

•;•

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potatoes, and a place for wandering herds of sheep; but the need of arable land and the possibility of growing highly productive crops were instrumental in changing the aspect of land utilization much as occurred in the peninsula of Florida in the United States.

Heavy fertilization was necessary to make the soil productive, but prosperous viUages showed the successfid result of man's effort to challenge namre.

Wheat, oats, and sugar beets were gaining in importance, and governmental aid helped to double the acreage of wheat in recent years. Nevertheless, the main emphasis was placed on dairying, which was based on grassland as weU as fodder crops. Orchards and vegetable gardens, as weU as field crops, did weU on the river clays, and the raising of swine and chickens was a profitable local industry. The increase of population had been very rapid, brought about by the development of manufacmring.

Aside from the general industrial development, two regions gained prominence: one, in the eastern part of the providence of Overijssel (Twente) east of the Zuiderzee, specialized in textUes and machinery; the other, in North Brabant, which forms the southern part of HoUand, manufactured more diverse goods such as textiles, shoes, tobacco

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goods, machinery, and electrical supplies. No really large cities grew up in this eastern sandy area, although a number of flourishing cities reflected its increasing importance.

Limburg, Holland's southeastern province, extends far south along the Meuse River, touching a part, of the fertile loess uplands so typical of adjacent Belgium. The landscape is very different from that of the rest of Holland. Here, elevations up to 1,000 feet are reached, whereas the glacial ridge of the eastern upland scarcely passes 300 feet; here are real valleys and hilly divides; here are quarries of stone unknown elsewhere in Holland except in the form of glacial boulders. The main value of this southern offshoot of Holland is not so much the rich cropland as the coal mines, which are a part of the coal field extending from northern France to the Rhipe.

Before the war, the production almost equaled the consumption in Holland as a whole, but the location of the mines made it profitable to sell the coal to the neighboring manufacturing regions of Belgium and Germany, whereas the coal for most of Holland was brought from Germany by way of the Rhine.

G diversity, Holland has a somewhat uniform quality. Before the war its ENERAL

PICTURE—In

Spite

of

its

which, set in beautiful parks, reflected the wealth of an overseas empire. There were the eastern uplands with dark pines and low, yellow sandy ridges and the straw-thatched farmhouses which rose from fields of waving wheat and rye. An unforgettable memory is the contrasting beauty of the bulbfields in April and the grandeur of the winter landscape when the water is frozen and Holland is ice-mad. All this is the Holland which the great painters have immortalized. AU this is dear to Dutchmen who have only one hope, one desire —to see their land freed from the invader and returned to those who created and loved it.

America's First Sub Fleet {Continued from page 18) bitterness of disappointment. A few days after the expedition got underway, the officials in Washington decided that the international situation was becoming less acute and ordered the submarines to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, to await developments.

The five submarines put to sea from Norfolk on tow lines, the CASTINE towing two in tandem and the MARS

three, also in tandem. The entire trip required ten days, the submarines making part of the way on their own power.

It was originally intended that the expedition would stop in the waters of Crooked Island Passage in order to refuel the CASTINE prior to proceeding on to the Panama Canal, but this was not done due to the change in orders.

The force, therefore, proceeded on to Guantanamo Bay, a naval station located on the south side of Cuba, leased to the United States by the Cubans after they had been given their independence following the Spanish American War. At Guantanamo, this pioneer force of submarines and attending vessels stayed for six months. Much was accomplished —time and work spent to make the vessels efficient and worthy of the sea.

Operations were conducted for training and testing. Torpedo practice was held at Guacanayabo Gulf, near Manzanillo.

The life was wholesome, notwithstanding the tropical heat. For recreation, they found good hunting and fishing, and time for swimming, baseball, and hikes. The officers lived on board the CASTINE, and the men lived on the CASTINE and an old coal lighter, secured alongside. Ensign (now Commander, retired) P. T. Wright was in charge of the lighter. While at Guantanamo, the

9,000,000 population gave it a density of 600 inhabitants per square mile and made it vie with Belgium as the most densely populated country of Europe. In eastern Europe a much lower density led to overpopulation, but this was by no means true in Holland, where an intensive use of the land and a high development of manufacturing and commerce were achieved. Although certain factors such as the central location of the country have influenced this progress, much was attributable to the energy of the population. This energy is partly maintained by a climate which approaches the human optimum, and partly by a constant and successful struggle against nature.

However, apart from factual geographical material, another aspect of the Netherlands should be mentioned as important in the geographical picture.

That is the beauty of the Dutch landscape before the present war. There were the green meadows in which cattle grazed, the numerous canals and lakes which reflected the everchanging interplay of the clouds, the large red-roofed farmhouses hidden by dark green foliage, and finally, the villages and small towns, with bright red-brick houses which always looked as though CASTINE was replaced by the monitor they had been carefully scrubbed. At OZARK, and the M A R S was replaced by the edges of the dignified cities were the coal collier CEASAR. The Fleet tug the suburbs with gardens of colorful POTOMAC also was sent down from the flowers, and with stately country houses States to join them.

It was Sunday morning, December 7, 1913, that this submarine force got underway for the Canal Zone. Twentyeight years later on a similar Sunday morning, and the same day of the year, the Japs struck at Pearl Harbor. But it didn't take the attack at Pearl Harbor to make this trip a history-making one.

It was eventful because it was one more instance in which American submarines had attempted another long cruise under their own motive power. Six hundred miles intervened between their point of deparnire and their destination. The vessels were only 1051 2 feet long, displaced 240 tons, had little free board.

In comparison with a modern submarine of today, they were small indeed and far less comfortable. But at Guantanamo, the officers and men had trained for it, were supremely confident, and they were rewarded with the pleasant satisfaction of making it, without stop, without a hitch. No submarine of any other navy had ever accomplished so much, not even the vaunted German undersea craft. And they could have taken an easier way, too. Prior to their leaving they received a most cordial invitation from the Governor of Jamaica to pay that British island a visit. There was an excellent harbor at Kingston and other fine inducements. But they chose the long and difficult trip.

PON completion of this conspicuous engineering feat, they arrived at Colon, where Lieutenant Edwards reported to the Canal Zone Governor, General Goethals, for duty. The Governor was busQy engaged in finishing the digging of the Canal, and not having been made acquainted with outside goverimiental affairs, he asked Lieutenant Edwards the reason for his being there. Lieutenant Edwards stated that he hadn't asked to come but would stay until he had orders to go elsewhere.

These orders were soon forthcoming.

They were to remain where they were to stand guard on the Atlantic side of the Isthmus of Panama. The orders included the five G-boats, the tender SEVERN (the old sailing ship CHESAPEAKE), which joined the force at Panama, and the Fleet tug POTOMAC. The OZARK and the CEASAR were ordered back to the states for other duties.

The SEVERN took up a mooring position in the old French Canal, and this afforded enough protection for the submarines to secure alongside of her. This was fortunate because the bay was still exposed to the open sea—the East Breakwater was just being built, while the West Breakwater had not as yet been started—with the result that there were many periods of heavy swells, and it would have been necessary to anchor

U

FEBRUARY,

1944

the submarines in the bay a considerable part of the time had not the SEVERN been placed in a sheltered spot.

The life in the Canal Zone was not always comfortable, but they made out very well. The Army officials were especially kind, and helped in whatever manner they could. The married officers were given quarters in an old, abandoned nurses' home located in the Colon hospital grounds. The bachelor officers and crews lived on board the SEVERN. The submarines operated in assigned areas off Colon.

Atlanticdotes (Continued from page 20)

T

HE ill-famed Sargasso Sea in the vicinity of the West Indies, legendary burial place for all derelict ships, may not be full of decaying hulls but is peculiar in other respects. Despite the presence of the floating seaweed from which it gets its name, the waters are unusually blue and clear. A 6V2 foot disc was lowered into these waters and could be seen to a depth of 217 feet.

It is also the breeding ground for eels from all over the world. Eels from both sides of the Atlantic converge on this particular area to breed and then die, never returning to the place from which they came.

A

CCORDING to the British Admiralty, Lindsay and Thompson Islands have recently vanished from the South Atlantic. They had been on navigator's charts since 1825.

T

HE defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588 was one of the most exciting of all naval battles as well as the beginning of British control of the seas.

Philip II of Spain had decided to do what Napoleon and Hitler have failed to do, invade England from across the Channel. He got together the greatest fleet the world had ever seen and sent it to the Channel. But Sir Francis Drake and his British crews and ships were more than a match for it. During nearly a week while the two fleets were driven up the Channel by a gale, the faster English ships attacked the Spanish galleons. When the Spaniards anchored off Calais, the British sent fire ships drifting down on them. The Spaniards had to cut their anchor cables and drift before the gale into the North Sea. More than half of the galleons were wrecked on the coasts of Scotland and Ireland as they tried to return home, and for weeks the bodies of Spanish sailors were washed up on the beaches. The Channel had proved itself to be the greatest protection England could wish for.

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A L L LIFE I N S U R A N C E policies now being issued except those issued by the United States Government include war and aviation restrictions.

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57

The Searchlight R

USN, -35 EGARDLESS of the number of names we manage to remove from Babbitt, Mrs. Wallace E., wife of Lt., USNR the wanted list of the Seardilight which Biglow, Mrs. James, wife of Comdr., USN, '31 is published by this magazine and other service journals, there is always as many Bird, Mrs. Robert, wife of Ens., USN, "44 more to add just before printing date. Brinker, Mrs. Robert M., wife of Lt. Comdr., W e would like assistance with the folUSN, "31 lowing as soon as possible, as inquiries Brown, Mrs. William D., wife of Comdr., from Navy wives are waiting: Rephes USN should be sent direct to Searchlight, Parents of: Bryans, Chas. E., 2nd Lt., USMC Naval Academy, Aimapolis, Md., and if Browne, Mrs. O. M., wife of Comdr., USN an inquiry is also induded, return Bunker, Mrs. F. H., wife of Comdr., USN postage please.

Camera, Mrs. R. M., wife of Lt. Comdr., USN, '33 Austin, Mrs. M. H., wife of Lt. Q>mdr., Cavenagh, Mrs. Robert W., wife of Comdr., USN, '26 Colyear, Mrs. Bayard, wife of Capt., USN, '19 Cook, Mrs. R. M., wife of 1st Lt., USMCR Crasland, Mrs. Geo. N., wife of Comdr.

The (DC), USN Davidson, Mrs. Walter B., wife of Comdr., USN Deakin, Mrs. H. O., wife of Lt. Col., USMC, •34 Dimberg, Mrs. Paul, wife of Lt., USN Incorporated Ebert, Mrs. Hilan, wife of Lt. Comdr., USN, •26 Pagan, Mrs. R., wife of Maj., USMC, Ret. Faust, Mrs. Robert, wife of Lt. Comdr., (MC), USN Fenno, Mrs. Frank W., Jr., wife of Comdr., USN France, Mrs. Finley, wife of Capt., USN, '18 Good, Mrs. Geo. D., wife of Lt. Comdr., Machinists Supplies, USN, '35 Gralla, Mrs. Arthur, wife of Lt. Comdr., Tools and Machinery USN, '34 Hardman, Mrs. Ward, wife of Lt. Comdr., Transmission Appliances USN Hopkins, Mrs. Zebulon C , wife of Lt. Col., USMC Humphrey, Mrs. J. M., wife of Oflficer, USMC Knight, Mrs. Page, wife of Lt., USN Jackson, Mrs. Foster, wife of Ens., USN Jones, Mrs. G. F., wife of Capt., USMCR Kriner, Mrs. Geo. C , wife of Capt., USN, '15 6-8 E. Lombard Street Kyes, Mrs. James Ellsworth, wife of Comdr., USN, '30 BALTIMORE Laughlin, Mrs. Wm., wife of Lt., USN, '38 Lewis, Miss Harriet, daughter of Capt.

Plaza 0340 Spencer Lewis, USN Family of: Ensign Menees, USNR Lucas, Mrs. F. C , wife of Comdr., USN McCandlish, Mrs. Byron, wife of Commodore, USN

L. A. BENSON CO.,

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58

McCann, Mrs. W. J., wife of 1st Lt., USMCR McDonough, Mrs. R. C , wife of Major, USMC McDougal, Mrs. David, wife of Lt. Col., USMC McGoughran, Mrs. J. C , wife of Lt. Comdr., USN, '33 Ments, Mrs. George, wife of Capt., USN, '19 Messengale, Mrs. John Edward, III, wife of Ens., USN Middleton, Mrs. R. C , wife of Lt., USN Mills, Mrs. Schuyler, wife of Capt., USN Patterson, Mrs. Kenneth, wife of Lt. Comdr., (MC), USNR Rafferry, Mrs. Wm. H., wife of Comdr., (ChC), USN Pearce, Mrs. J. B., Jr., wife of Capt., USMCR Powell, Mrs. Edgar S., Jr., wife of Lt. Comdr., USN Pratt, Mrs. S. H., wife of Capt., USMCR Ralston, Mrs. Frank M., 2nd, wife of Lt., USN Richards, Mrs. G. L., wife of Comdr., USNR Ridgely, Mrs. Frank E., wife of R. Adm., USN Robinson, Mrs. E. B., wife of Comdr., USN Rodgers, Mrs. R. H., wife of Comdr., USN, '23 Russell, Mrs. J. Sr, wife of Comdr., USN, '26 Salisbury, Mrs. S. N., wife of Comdr., USN Settle, Mrs. Thomas G. W., wife of Capt., USN, '19 Smith, Mrs. Sidney Layton, wife of Comdr., USN Stelle, Mrs. Charles, wife of Comdr., ( ^ C ) , USN Strothers, Mrs. Wm. J., wife of Comdr., USN, Ret., '20 Taylor, Mrs. Robea Hudson, wife of Lt. Comdr., USN, '30 Terrell, Mrs. Chas. G., wife of Comdr., (MC), USN Thomas, Mrs. Wm. E.. wife of Major, USMC Tyler, Mrs. Beulah, daughter of Capt. Geo. Tyler, (MC), USN Vance, Mrs. Richard J., wife of Major, USMC Vernou, Mrs. Walter, wife of R. Adm., USN Walter, Mrs. Wilfred Aves, wife of Comdr., USN, '30 Warlick, Mrs. Walter W., wife of Capt., USN, '18 Weir, Mrs. Frederick U., wife of Lt. Comdr., USN, '31 West, Mrs. Marvin T., wife of Comdr., USN, '25 White, Mrs. J. W., wife of Lt. Comdr., USN, '33

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W^e W^aiting W^ives T

HERE has been a chapel at the Naval Academy from 1851 to 1944—some ninety-three years and the lovely color print of the modern chapel altar which appeared as the cover of the October SHIPMATE suggested that there was a story for this page in the chapel records.

So many of us think instantly of the blue-green dome of the chapel and so many htmdreds of Navy couples have been married there that the chapel is synonymous with weddings in the minds of most Navy wives. Before I looked in the four brown leather bound books that comprise the earliest records I assumed they would contain only entries of marriages, baptisms and funerals.

Surprisingly enough I found a fascinating account written in longhand by each succeeding chaplain as a log of his tenure of duty which furnished interesting sidelights, but very few marriage and baptism entries. For some reason the chapel was not used for these ceremonies, and I believe they were generaUy conducted in the churches in town for as lare as 1858 a baptismal entry contains the words, "having previously obtained the sanction of the rector of St. Anne's to the act." And the preceding chaplain has remarked that in four years and eleven months of duty here he has performed but one wedding. The extreme youth of the midshipmen may explain this.

The first formal register of the chapel contains on its initial page the entry, the Chapel of the Naval Academy was built by Captain Stribling in the year of 1853 and finished and furnishecl by Captain Goldborough in 1854. The organ, which cost eight hundred dollars, was purchased by private subscripribn of the officers and midshipmen. This, however, was the second chapel a much smaller building, seventy feet long and fifty wide, stood halfway down the brick walk where the Mexican monument now stands was the first.

Before many entries could be made in the leather bound handruled register there came April 21, I86I, and the chaplain wrote, "Civil war having broken out and an apprehension of an attack by the malcontents upon the Academy having induced the Superintendent to cause the Constitution (the station ship) to be towed out into the bay, no worship was held on the ship and the landing of National troops prevented it in the chapel. And by order FEBRUARY,

1944

of the Navy Department the Constitution was sent first to New York and thence to Newport with the acting midshipmen and part of the officers on board. On Sabbath day. May 5 th, the remaining officers, including rhe chaplain together with their families wenr on board the ocean steamer Baltic and steamed away for Newport. Shortly afterwards rhe three older classes of midshipmen were ordered on active duty to different ships, leaving at the school in Newport only the fourth class, consisting of some 77."

In 1865 the Academy was returned to Annapolis, and with the new start the chapel obtained $303 by subscription from the officers and midshipmen to procure a "silver communion service, and the vessels consisted of a flagon.

Pater and Chalice and spoon.

Also during the Christmas season, the chapel was beautifully decorated with evergreens and a temporary rail was put around the platform, together with a black walnut lectern as substitute for the white pine desk which was placed there when the chapel was built.

The advent of peace led to many quiet entries in the register, but the nimiber of midshipmen increased so that by 1868 a third chapel had been built. Twenty-five thousand dollars was appropriated by Congress at the request of Admiral Porter based upon a letter from the chaplain showing the inadequacies of the provisions made for worship. The plans were prepared at the Navy Department and the contract let for this building, but Admiral Porter gave S350.00 for the purchase of colored glass for the windows, instead of white glass and according to the chaplain it is "owing to Admiral Porter that changes costing probably $8,000.00 for the solidity, comfort and convenience of the edifice were made." This new building and third chapel stood on the ground that is now the circular driveway at the side entrance of the Superintendent's quarters. It was a Gothic type building with a tall center spire.

Relieving these items of contracts and architectural description is the first record of a marriage performed within the Naval Academy, although this was still not in the chapel. The date was January 5 th, the place the office of the Comdt. of Midn. the names of the contracting parties, and briefly, under remarks by the chaplain, "All parties, including the parson, cold."

There is, as well, in these records a

careful accounting of the collections each Sunday. The opening of the third chapel brought an alms collection of $13.93. Coming forward twenty years to February of 1890 the offering is $13.17, not much improvement, although the chapel had long had silver plates for the collection.

Note: Churches adopted the plates for collection rather than bags on poles, because a penny or a shilling sounded the same when dropped in a bag.

The disbursements include hundreds of items of coal, shoes for the poor, (coal was $6.35 a long ton) groceries, medicine, money to a poor clergyman's family, and $1.00 each to a poor Armenian, and a Poor Traveler. A stranded sailor got fifty cents.

In May of 1892 the officers and midshipmen subscribed $69.00 to the Russian Relief Fund.

It was the custom for the chaplain to accompany the midshipmen on the summer practice cruises, because the fourth class did not report until Fall during these years. The cruise ship of 1893 was the Constellation. This cruise went to the Azores and Madiera, but the chaplain writes, "the ship has been fitted

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out for a cruise in Long Island Sound, and as we encounrered two cjxlones in midocean, and bolts kept working out, the rigging was weak and the mairmiast insecure, the ship had to be handled with great care."

The above seemed a very masterpiece of understatement until the entries at the outbreak of the Spanish-American War. There the chaplain has wrirten: "The pressure of rhe first class to get away was so grear that they graduared prematurely and without the usual exercises. Little was thought of but the war, the officers clamoring to be relieved from academic dury at once to be ordered to sea. It was highly creditable to all to be thus ready. Those who could not get orders were birterly disappointed. The Superintendent, Captain Philip S. Cooper insisted that enough officers should be left to maintain the efficiency of the various deparrmenrs. The Navy Department, therefore, would not listen to the prorests of those who are obUged to remain. There were some ludicrous incidenrs, that after the furor was over made merrimenr for everybody."

Conrinuing, "The Monongahela was gorten ready for the practice cruise in Chesapeake Bay, and her officers were ordered. She wenr inro commission on

May 15th. It was, however, found impossible to get a crew, and she wenr out of commission June 1st. This delighted the remaining three classes of midshipmen remaining at the Academy. They at once proceeded ro use every means available ro get ordered to the war."

In the light of later reading it would seem that some Nav7 regulation should have prevented ambiguity but at least we can speculate over some of these incomplete statements.

This war as usual, broughr a need for anorher and larger chapel, and rhe outstanding hero of rhe day. Admiral Dewey, laid the corner srone in 1904 for the presenr building. This corner stone represented not only the building of a new chapel, but the dedication of the new Academy as the presenr buildings were also rising all around the grounds.

Beauriful as rhe new chapel proved ro be, the dedication ceremonies in 1908 of rhe "Naval Abbey" demonsrrared rhat in rhe wings and from many sears in the main building it is impossible to hear a word of the service. This is mentioned in news accounts of the ceremonies, bur rucked away in the chaplain's record is the solution that partially remedied the defect. He writes, "Not until the dome of the chapel was filled with hangings of old carpets and sails

and the base of the dome curtained with flags hung high up in the auditorium could speaking be heard with any pleasure. A glass ceiling is needed."

In more recenr years many civilians have asked to be married in the chapel, not undersranding rhat it is for Service persotmel only. With the repeal of the two year marriage law the chapel is engaged months in advance and wedding will follow wedding at half hourly inter\'als for days afrer June week. Plans musr be made well in advance with the large groups of smdent officers added ro the midshipmen, but there is a Ufelong satisfaction in saying, "We were married in rhe ChapeL"

Black Rock, Blue Water {Continued from page 19) battleships clustered in that distant harbor, huddled ro the rear of the fortress's Atlantic face. W e have recognized rhe ourlines of the cranes in the busy naval base which confronts this harbor. We have heard the far-off thimder of Gibraltar's anti-aircrafr guns, when roday those guns fired, even as we have known our guns to fire, at a sleeve towed by a friendly plane. We

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have also seen that great concrete water catcher which, on Gibraltar's Mediterranean flank, fills rhe rocks as if it were a crown wedged in a giant's molar.

Perhaps we saw the light signal being flashed at us from well up on the Rock's seaward side. And noted the lighthouse below the firsr precipice we passed. Perhaps we gradually realized that, tucked below the Rock—seemingly so uninhabitable—were the roofs and outlines of a town. For that town, for the men who live in it, for Gibraltar herself, for the guns which make her strong, for the England which has fortified and held her and which preceded us and Russia in opposing Hitler, today we can only be grateful.

Yes, gentlemen, quite a day, with more men to be seen crowding the Spelvin's decks than anyone had suspected were aboard. A full house, a bulging house, with the Standing Room Only sign put out. And the beginning of a new chapter for us all. That sense of a new chapter made itself felt with the firsr sounds of Reveille. Because this morning, in rhe groggy darkness of General Quarters, the smell of land was in the air. Even in the moonlight the air was warmer. The chill of ocean winds had gone. A lazy, gentle breeze

was blowing; a breeze land-based and fragrant.

S

OME swore rhis breeze was scented with a Spanish aroma—with the bouquet of old sherry, with the velvet cloaks of vanished grandees, with mantillas, castanets, and bullfights, with roses tucked invitingly in the teeth of roadside Carmens, and with the unforgotten sacrifice of Spain's revolutionaries. Others differed, insisting the breeze was more African than Spanish, and above all Moroccan in its flavor.

They were pleased to find traces of Hedy Lamarr in ir—an argument calculated to capture the fancy of many, even if in so doing it hit below the belt. The chief virtue of the breeze was neither its warmth nor perfume. It was the simple fact that it came from land, any land. The sunrise, seeming to sense this, celebrated the occasion by breaking out into color like a signal bridge on wash day.

We have been less than Noah's time at sea. Yet these many days were a long pull, especially in wartime. Some aboard the Spelvin were undoubtedly as cheered by glimpsing the Atlas Mountains this morning as the Ark's zoo keeper and skipper must have been

when his water-wearied eyes spotted Mount Ararar.

There's more water in the Atlantic than lookouts can see. There's far more water in the Atlantic than many had suspected; infinitely more water than the boys fresh from their of swimming holes had guessed. There's more water in the Atlantic than our shakedown cruises in home waters had hinted at or than the biggest maps suggest. The Atlantic is a wet, wet place; even wetter than That Town we sailed from.

There were dangers prowling these ocean waters; dangers which need not be nameless. While we have been crossing, enemy submarines have been patrolling the Atlantic singly or in marauding packs. If the Nazis had had their way, they would have greeted us warmly. It is our high good forrune that we missed their welcoming committees. And these committees were lucky to miss us. W e have had our alarms and plenty of them, as the Spelvin's horn can testify. But, as Captain Mather puts it, we have managed to make an end run around such U-boats as may have been looking for us. And some have been.

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on the Atlantic (if you have been able to tell the two apart) I think all of us have become aware of a change in the feeling we have toward one another on the Spelvin. Our feeling is friendlier— not to everyone, of course, because we have not lost all our standards; nor, thank God, has Pollyanna bobbed up as a stowaway. Still the feeling is friendlier, palatably so. We have done nothing about this. The welding has taken place unconsciously through our knowledge of what might have happened and of what still lies ahead.

ILLIAM HAZLITT, the great W English essayist, once pointed out that we pamper the little griefs into great ones and bear the great ones as well as we can. "A limip of soot spoiling a man's dinner," said he, and "a plate of toast falling in the ashes . . . have led to serious and almost tragical experiences." Bur, bothered as we can be by trifles, we can rise to larger challenges. "The magnimde of the events in which we happen to be concerned," wrote Hazlitt, "fills the mind and carries it out of itself. Our thoughts are expanded with the scene on which we have to act. Some men are as indifferent to a stroke of fate, as before and after an earthquake there is a calm in the air."

That we are concerned with events of great magnimde, no one can deny.

Geography and our fates have an appointment with each other.

Our appointment with geography should take us tomorrow morning towards Of course, you have guessed.

Scuttle-butt has long since filled in the blank. Our appointment with geography should—I say should—take us tomorrow morning to a North African port.

There has been a very valid reason for withholding the announcement of our first (mark you, our first) destination. Something could easily have happened to us on the way over. If that something had happened; if any of us, as survivors, had been picked up by a U-boat and cross-examined as only the Germans can cross-examine their prisoners, our knowledge of our destination would only have made things harder for us—for all of us and the waiting force we are to join.

Among prisoners of war there is always a percentage of men who break down under the agony of cross-examination and tell everyrhing they know. It stands to reason that what men do not know they cannot tell. Hence, in the interests of security rather than of secrecy (more accurately, in the interest of your own possible well-being).

rimiors as to where we were going have been neither denied nor confirmed. But now that you are in on this secret, we ask you to guard it jealously, just in case, you understand, just in case. . . .

Now to the world news, of which this Task Force's journey is an as yet unheralded part. . . .

Water Means Life (Continued from page 23) fluids of animal life are the only sources.

Drinking sea water in any quantity when the body is dehydrated is extremely dangerous. The concentration of sodium and magnesium salts in it is so -high that fluid must be drawn from the body to eliminate the salts, and eventually the kidneys cease to function.

Convulsions and delirium follow.

You will have some difficulty in passing urine when you are not drinking much, and the urine you do pass will be dark and thick. Don't worry. This reaction to dehydration is namral. Urine contains waste products from the body and may be as concentrated as sea water, therefore don't drink it as it will only increase thirst and draw water from the body tissues.

Water from the body evaporates through the skin. Some survivors have

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The barrel cactus has saved the lives of many persons lost in desert wastes

reported that by remaining in the sea for hours at a time, they prevented the evaporarion of water from their bodies and absorbed enough water to increase kidney activity. The blood of birds and the blood and body liquid of fish are drinkable and nourishing if chewed out.

Break the backbone of fish and drink the spinal fluid.

Collect rain water in any available receptacle, using clothing, parachure, or sail as catchment. Devise methods before there is an acmal need. If the shower promises to be light, take measures to get every drop of water. Wet your cloth or canvas catchment in the sea so that no fresh water will be absorbed by the fabric. The amount of salt contaminating the rain warer will be negligible, but the amount of fresh water lost through absorption if you fail to first wet your canvas will be considerable. In a driving rain, a piece of canvas or any large flat surface held at an angle ro the wind will catch the water. Your body can store water, therefore drink all you can hold when water is plentiful. Little of the water taken in large quantities when you are dehydrated is lost through persperarion or excessive urination.

Along the seashore rain water absorbed by the ground gradually seeps seaward, meeting the salt water at the shore. Drinking water usually can be obtained along the seashore by scooping out holes in the beach at low tide, or by digging a shallow well some distance from the shore. This may be the only FEBRUARY,

1944

source of water on some of the Pacific atolls. Fresh water will be struck first when you dig since it is lighter than salt water. Water obtained away from the shore is generally fresher, but more labor is required in getting it. The best spot for digging is in a low basin where drainage from the land is concentrated.

Water from any hole dug near rhe sea is apt to be brackish, but is safe to drink as it is found. Although salty in taste, it doesn't have a high enough salt concentration to be harmful. Water too brackish to drink frequently can be made palatable by running it through a sand filter severaj times.

In all arid parts of the world there are numerous indicators of the presence of water. These indicators will tell you where to dig or the direction you should go to look for water. They may include converging game trails, the presence and direction of flight of some birds, or the presence of certain plants.

Pigeons or parrots are always within reach of water. They may feed in the desert, but they will fly to water in the late morning and late afternoon. Water can be found by following their direction of flight. This rule may be of use in places as widely separated as our own Southwest, in Australia, and in desert regions of Asia and Africa. The sand grouse of arid parts of Asia are pigeonlike birds that fly many miles to congregate at water holes, for they must drink at least once a day. Crested larks and desert species of weaver birds and coursers may fly regularly to nearby water in the evening. The presence of diamond or zebra birds in the dry country of Australia is an almost infallible indica-

tion that water is nearby. Many desert bats visit water regularly at the beginning of their evening flight.

Some plants grow only where ground water is close to the surface. Salt grass, rushes, sedges, cattails, greasewood, willows, and elderberry are examples with which you may be familiar. Desert palms usually indicate surface water.

In dry regions, dig for water where these plant indicators are found or where vegetation appears to be greener or larger or markedly different from surrounding types, or where sand is damp in dry river beds or other low areas. If such water is brackish, filter it using soil a foot or so below the surface. The surface soil may itself be saturated with salt.

Dew is often the only source of water that keeps many desert plants and animals alive. It can be collected in useful quantities during a clear night. Go abroad before daylight and gather it in a cup by tapping vegetation, or sponge it up with a handful of soft grass or a cloth. Australian natives sometimes mop up as much as a quart an hour in this way.

In arid mountain areas apparently dry stream beds often will contain water beneath the gravel stream bottom. Put your ear to the ground and listen for the trickle, then dig.

In cold weather, springs and springfed streams remain open when other water courses are frozen.

In the Arctic sea the most widely available water source is old salt water ice, which can be distinguished from salt-ice by its bluish color and smooth, rounded corners. (Salt-ice is grey and

63

milky.) In summer, depressions on icebergs and floes conrain fresh water. In bays or inlets prorecred from wind and current, warer from melting snow and ice accimiulares on the surface of the denser salt water and may remain fresh and urmiixed wirh ocean water for long periods.

Do not overlook water from planr sources. Sap is chieflly water and from many plants it is both fit to drink and readily available. In an emergency a water-yielding plant may save your life or save you rhe trouble of purifying warer from questionable sources. When coconuts or water vines are available, don'r drink srream or river water. Many tropical lianas and palms have a sready flow of warer in rheir stems. The fruits, growing tips, leaves, stems, and buds of many plants contain small quantities of water.

Many deserr and other plants store water in rheir fleshy leaves or srems. In an emergency, such sources should be tried anywhere you happen ro be. The fleshy stems and leaves of purslanes foimd along many seashores will help alleviare thirst.

The barrel cactus of the southwestern United States is well known as a source of water. The warer is drinkable bur not too palatable. Cut off the top of the plant, mash the pulp within against

the inner sides, and rhe water will ooze out and collect in the bowl. The fruirs and roasted pads or stems of very young prickly pears raste somewhat like asparagus and will help quench rhirst.

Warer may be obtained from rhe roots of some deserr planrs rhat have their roots near the surface. An example is the "water trees " of arid Australia. They are a parr of rhe Mallee Scrub, one of the largest and most distinctive plant formations of southern Australia. Roors of these "water trees'" run out 40 to 80 feet at a depth of two to nine inches under the surface. To ger warer from them, locate the roor four or five feer from the tree rrunk, pry ir our of the ground, cut it into two or three-foor lengths, and peel off the bark. Drain each secrion into a container, or suck our the water. One large Mallee root usually will supply the water needs of rwo or three thirsry men.

Trees growing in hollows berween ridges will have the most water, and roots one to rwo inches thick are ideal in size. Water can be carried in these roots by plugging one end with clay.

Water from the roors of all warerproducing planrs is obrained in a manner similar ro that described above.

These plants include the Australian needle bush, deserr oak, bottle tree, bloodwood, and several varieries of Aca-

cia. The "water tree" or vine of Africa and South America is utilized in the same way.

Many large vines or lianas found interlacing the trees in rropical rain forests contain a pure watery sap which may have a slighrly acid flavor or be rasreless. Since nor all of rhem will yield water, and the fluid from some is more palatable than others, it will be desirable for you to experimenr with various species. Try any grapevine. The method of tapping them is the same for alL Cut a deep notch in the vine as high as you can reach or, preferably, cut it off, keeping the severed end elevated.

Then cut the vine off close to the ground so that you have a section or mbe six ro seven feer long. Hold this up and drain it into your mouth. When water stops dripping from the lower end, cut another section off the top and mort^ warer will drain out. If the bottom oi the vine is cut firsr, the water will ascend and be lost. (Grapevines found in the United States will yield water in this manner in rhe summer and faU.) Many species of rattan palms produce good drinking water. They are vinelike palms with long, slender, segmenred stems and sharp, downward-curving rhorns, and are widespread in tropical jungles and virgin forests.

The slightly astringenr warer from

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the trimk of young banana trees is suitable for drinking. Water can also be obtained from the stems of some bamboos. (Shake them to see if water is inside.)

The buri, nipa, coconut, sugar and other palms will yield quantities of drinkable sugary sap. To start coconut sap flowing, bend the flower stalk downward and cut off the tip. Every 12 to 24 hours cut off a thin slice to renew the flow, which may reach a quart or more daily. The flow of sap can also be started by first bruising a lower frond and then pulling it down so the tree will "bleed" at the injury. The sap will run down the trough-like frond and can easily be collected.

On any one coconut palm the nuts will be in varying stages of maturity.

The green nuts are the best. They are more easily opened with a knife or machete, have more fluid, and the fluid can be taken in quantity without harmful effects. The delicious juice of the ripened coconut will act as a violent physic if taken in quantities of more than three or four cups daily.

Many plants catch and store rain water in natural receptacles or decayed hollows. Such reservoirs can be used when orher water sources fail. The traveler's tree of Madagascar and Reunion has a cup-like sheath at the base of its

vertical, fern-like leaves, in which quantities of drinkable water collect. "Water can be obtained from both the leaf bases and roots of the umbrella tree of western tropical Africa.

The bottle-like trunk of the Baobab tree of the sandy plains of northern Australia and Africa collects water in the wet season; the water is frequently found fresh and clear after weeks of dry wearher.

The air plants which affix themselves to jungle trees are good water reservoirs.

Leaves of the pineapple-like Bromelias in particular form regular basins which may catch and hold several pints of water.

Not all the water you find will be dear and palatable. Some of it will be muddy, stagnant, or polluted and it will often be necessary to use it. Water polluted by mud or animals is unpleasant, but harmless if it is boiled. It is more palatable if cleared and deodorized as well.

Muddy water can be partially cleared by lerring it stand over-night. It can be cleared more quickly, however, by passing it through a filter such as a sandfilled doth, a length of bamboo filled with sand and clogged with grass or clothing to keep the sand in, or by using a grass or reed cone.

Water that has merely had the sedi-

ment removed is not purified. To be safe it must be boiled at least three minutes or longer. Halazone tablets, or three or four drops of iodine to a quart of water will help to purify unboiled water. Ler it stand for a half hour before drinking. If there is a slight chlorine smell, the water is safe ro drink.

Don't neglect to purify questionable water before drinking. "Water-borne diseases are one of the worst hazards of rropical and sub-tropical countries, particularly where there are native populations. An uninhabited wilderness is relatively safe. If you boil or chemically purify ail doubtful drinking water thoroughly you will reduce ^rearly the dangers of contracting dysentery, cholera, ryphoid fever and some of the parasitic infections and will increase your chances of remaining alive and healthy.

Dysentery is the most common of the water-borne diseases. The most noticeable symptoms of both the amoebic and bacillary dysentery are severe and persistent diarrhea accompanied by mucus and blood mixed with the stools. There is fever and general weakness. If drugs are available, first try bismuth subnitrate (one teaspoon every few hours in a little water until disturbance stops). If this does not help, take one capsule of carbosone (0.25 gm.) after each meal {Continued on page 61)

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Navy's Peacetime Job to be biggest in History tons. Omr shipbuilders have done a magnificent job. Of all world powers, only the United States has more shipping today than before the war. It seems a safe guess we shall'emerge from the war with about twice the deadweight tonnage of merchant shipping Great Britain will have.

These figures are no war secrets, being based on public releases from the Office of War Information.

HE United States Navy today is doTWhen ing its biggest war-time job. that job is over, and a grateful country says "well done," the Navy will face a far bigger peacetime job than ever before.

The end of this war will find the United States the biggest maritime power in the history of the world.

Entering this war, the United States had about 12 million dead-weight tons of merchant shipping. The other United Nations, all together, had about 43 million tons.

66

Great Britain, starting with about 22 million deadweight tons of shipping when she entered the war, lost about one-third of that total dmring the first two years of hostilities, and has been unable to balance losses with new con^ struction, at least until very recently.

Probably the maximum strength of the British Merchant Marine at the end of the war will be no more than 20 million tons.

We have had losses too, but new bottoms launched since Pearl Harbor from American shipyards exceed 20 million

In taking cognizance of this simation, in outlining the facts and giving thought to their implication, we must avoid any semblance of boasting. "While we are properly proud of the skill, ingenuity and success of our shipbuilding industry, there is no question but that we should be even more pleased if circumstances had enabled the British, and our other Allies, to do as well. We want this war won, and won as soon as possible, and it could be won faster if the United Nations had more ships. In calling attention to our country's complete ascendancy on the seven seas, there is no intention to brag, but only to provide essential backgroimd for some serious thinking about the responsibilities which we as a country shall face, and which our Navy will face, in the post-war world.

Holding the primary place among maritime powers, which seems assured us, we shall be confronted with many problems and with many duties, both to ourselves and to the world. A large share of the responsibility for solving those problems and for meeting those obligations will fall inevitably to the United States Navy. We must bear this fact in mind in all our post-war thinking, through all the discussions and negotiations concerning naval disarmament which we know will come.

lite,

(Continued from page 65) for five days and see a doctor as soon as possible.

You will be given inoculations as a preventive against cholera and typhoid, but don't take chances.

Blood flukes and flarworms that parasitize man and cause painful and often fatal diseases can be picked up through drinking sluggish, contaminated water in tropical regions.

Some small crustaceans act as intermediate hosts to human parasites such as the guinea worm and are swallowed in drinking water. The guinea worm larvae penetrate the walls of the intestines and migrate through the tissues, lodging finally just beneath the skin.

They produce blister-like lesions on the lower extremities through which the young worms are discharged. If the victim submerges himself in water, the worm may protrude its tail to eject eggs or larvae. It can then be pinched and cautiously drawn out. Guinea worm disease is found in large areas of Africa, India, Persia, Turkestan, the West Indies and northern South America. Prophylaxis consists in drinking only boiled

passages, sucking blood and creating wounds which will continue to bleed after the leeches shift to new positions.

The leeches can be removed with forceps or by sniffing highly concentrated salt water.

The list of water-borne diseases is impressive, but you have been inrniunized against some of them and can greatly reduce the chance of your getting others by learning safe sources of warer, by boiling all other water, and by following recommended safety practices, and using medical facilities whenever they are available.

T h e Japanese Emperor {Continued from page 25) been their official cult of Emperor worship by means of which they give impressive demonstrations of their loyalty to the imperial house. The cult of Emperor worship has been the most important political device in modern Japan.

In the first place, the public demonstrations are so obviously arranged by the govertunent as propaganda for nationalism and the "Japanese way" that the skeptical American is inclined to feel that the Japanese people must share his skepticism. Moreover, the details of these official ceremonies seem to an American so absurd and childish that it

water.

In some areas, particularly in Africa, small leeches may be swallowed with the drinking water. They will attach themselves to the throat and nasal

is hard for him to believe that the Japanese take them seriously.

Pure Shinto, that is, political Shinto, the worship of the Emperor as head of state of the modern nation Japan, is a modern development, and it has been successful as a technique for maintaining national solidarity because it was based on the religious and social Shinto of pre-modern Japan. The Japanese leaders have used traditional Shinto and the Emperor to create the smoothest functioning state machine that has ever been devised.

T

HIS state machine was launched in the last quarter of the nineteenth centiuy, and developed steadily to come to full power during the First World War. To understand how it works it is necessary to remember that the Emperor is not an actual leader but a symbol leader. He stands for the idea of national unity and the continuity of Japanese traditional civilization. Japan has been a nation unified, under one central authority, only since 1868. Before that time, the country was divided into sections owned by various powerful clans and the peasants belonged to the land and owed their allegiance to their clan leaders. The imperial house had no active political power. The Emperors lived in seclusion in Kyoto. Yet because

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of the position of the Emperor as the connecting link between the people and their gods the imperial house made the one unifying force in the nation.

This unifying force was deUberately used in the 1868 "Restoration" of the Emperor to the position of titular head of state. After Japan was persuaded

by Commodore Perry to resume relations with the outside world, there was a revolution in Japan that resulted in the overthrow of rhe ruling clan by their most important rivals. The new rulers had two major problems. They had to come to terms with the Western powers that were insisting on commercial and diplomaric relations. They had ro build up a modern mechanized industrial and milirary machine. All rhis meanr drastic changes inside Japan. The second problem, therefore, was to ensure that the masses of the people should not become unmanageable as a resuir of these changes.

To ensure the acquiescence of the people the new rulers brought the Emperor out of seclusion, installed him in Tokyo, and dedared that he was now not only the religious but also the political head of the nation. Then they set about "renovating" their instimtions so that they would appear Westernized enough to satisfy the Western powers while retaining the most useful features

of traditional Japanese sodety. The result looked like a Western-style constimtional monarchy, but it actually turned out to be the first modem totalitarian state.

The Japanese pre-modern society was ideal as the basis of a modern industrial and military state machine. The special features were ( 1 ) the habits of frugality that were general among all classes; (2) the family system, which defined the relations of ruler to ruler, master to servanr, husband to wife, and so on, and was the basis of the social controls; and (3) the nature and ancestor worship, the mythology that linked the imperial family to the national nature-gods, and the veneration of the people for the Emperor as a religious symboL The new ruJers whipped these ingredients up together to produce a formula which is usually referred ro as the "theory of the state," and proceeded to din it into the heads of the people by an elaborately organized educational and propaganda machine.

T

HE "theory of the state" is based on mythology. But don't let that fool you. It is the Japanese equivalent of the American Declaration of Independence.

Thar is, ir is a statement by the founding fathers of modern Japan that expresses their ideas about Japanese society and government. It begins with

the statement that the Japanese islands are divine, bom of the marriage of a god with a goddess. These divine islands have been ruled "since ages eternal" by an unbroken line of divine Emperors descended from the ancestral cUeties, among them the Sun Goddess. The divine Emperor owns absolutdy both die land and the people. He makes the laws, and everyone owes him absolute obedience. His rule, however, is both benign and democratic, for since he knows what his people want, through the workings of his "divine intuition," whatever he decides will be not only what is best for the people but also what the people themselves have chosen.

According to the "theory," all the people belong to a national family of which the Emperor is the "kind father." No Japanese is of any importance as an individual, but everybody is equally important, in his own place, as a child of the Emperor. The Emperor owns all the land and all the wealth of the nation. Whoever has wealth, therefore, holds ir only as a trustee for the Emperor and must use it for the best interests of the nation and the people as a whole. The Japanese virraes are frugality, loyalty, and obedience. The individual does not get his satisfaction from money or possessions. His satisfactions come from obeying die rules

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of correct behavior, or worshipping the gods, or doing his duty for his family and nation.

This simple tale is the ideology for the most practical system of social, economic, and political control that has ever been devised. It can be made to define the relations of the^ individual not only to his government but to his family, his employer, the policeman on the beat, the officer in the army—in short, to anyone in any position of authority. The major practical strength of the "theory" lies in the family system. The Japanese is taught to think of himself not as an individual but as a member of a family—rhe private family and also the national family. It is in this use of the private family as an instrument of national control that the Japanese have proved themselves more skillful than the Nazis. In the Japanese system, the private and national families are inregrated through the Emperor father, so that the controls of one reinforce the other. Since the divine Emperor is rhe kind father to every individual and since the Emperor delegates authority, everybody wirh authority automatically becomes the kind father to his subordinates.

In the private family, the father as representative of the Emperor father has

almost absolute rights over his wife and children, so that if he wishes to send his wife back to her family, or contract his daughter to a mill, or sell her to a brothel, that is his own aflfair so long as the act can be justified as service to the divine Emperor.

Similarly, the employer is a kind father to his employees. Naturally, therefore, his notions about wages, hours of work, and so on will be accepted by his obedient children, his employees, who are encouraged, by the "theory," to believe that they do not need high wages, because they do not care for possessions; they labor not for gain but to serve the national family and the Emperor.

The "theory" has served to keep wages down. It has acted as a powerbrake against the development of a genuine demand for political or legal rights; and against the development of a genuine demand for labor organizarions. The industrial leaders have never ceased pointing out these facts to the workers. They set up organizations to encourage "harmonious co-operation between capital and labor," whose major jimction is to remind the workers of their place in the national family. The "theory" successfully retarded the development of social legislation to regu-

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late wages and hours of work to provide health insurance, and so on. And even when, under pressure from such Western organizations as the International Labor Office, any such legislation has got on the books, there has never been a large enough number of workers who understood it to put pressure behind its enforcement.

HE "theory" has been equally important to military Japan. When the nineteenth-century renovators of the government abolished the class of professional soldiers—the samurai—and set about arming the peasants to create a conscript mass army they were defying conventions that had been in force for several generations. The family system served to preserve the pre-modern feudal relations of the peasant to his lord with the army ofiicer substituting in the position of kind father. This paternalism has created a very strong army solidarity. Even the reserve organizations retain a real place in the army structure so that in times of crisis they can be reabsorbed into active service with the minimum difficulty.

The kind-father theory makes disciplinary problems within the ranks practically nonexistent. It links officers and men together, by way of the divine Emperor, not only in relation to the army irself

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but also in relation to the nation. The "theory" serves to give the army independence from civilian control, for since the army leaders represent the divine Emperor their decisions must represent the imperial will The Japanese ancestor worship— which is very involved since it indudes both human and mythological ancestors, both personal and national—affects the soldiers' artimde towards death. Immortality after death is assured the individiial because he wiU be worshipped by his descendanrs. The soldier, moreover, who dies defending his divine Emperor is himself deified—worshipped as a god. The Yasakuni shrine in Toyko is the most important shrine where the spirits of soldiers killed in batde are venerated. Before leaving Japan the soldiers are marched to this shiine, where they bow in veneration of the soldiers who have died before them. They in their turn will be similarly honored not only by their fellows in arms but by the people of the nation and by the representatives of the divine Emperor in special celebrations. If this expectation of worship after death does not make dying easier, it at least serves to induce the sort of emotional hysteria necessary for many of the Japanese soldiers' suicidal missions.

The love of fatherland is, of course, one of the chief psychological elements

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in turning out a soldier who will fight fanatically. In Japan the love of fatherland is a complex emotion that touches praaically every aspect of the peasant soldier's life. It includes his feeling for his minute farm, his mystic nature worship, his worship of his personal ancestors and the nation's mythological ancestors, and finally it includes his love of himself as protector, with the aid of the Sim Goddess, of his sacred islands.

This complex feeling can be whipoed up into hysterical nationalism by propaganda that piaures the sacred islands as encirded by enemies who threaten the life and prestige of the divine Emperor.

The recruirs are never allowed to forget that they are children of a father Emperor whose ancestress is the Sun Goddess. They are told that the sword of the Goddess, which is enshrined and regularly worshipped by the Emperor, wUl make them invincible against the enemies that seek to destroy the sacred islands.

AS an ideology for a social, economic.

- t X and political control the "theory" is air-righr. It makes the Nazi totalitarian srate look amateurish. The Japanese system, moreover, does not represent a retrogression from democratic ideas. It expresses artimdes and habits that developed in the older Japan, were carried

over into modern Japan, and have been preserved by habit on the one hand and every device of coercion and propaganda on the other. The special virtue of the system, from the Japanese leaders' point of view, is that the controls work automatically, from the bottom rather than the top—in the family, the neighborhood, the village, the small factory. This does not mean that there has been no police coercion in modern Japan. There has been whenever it has been necessary to suppress the dangerous thoughts of a desire for genuine political or labor organization. But there has been surprisingly little rebellion against the traditional system. Habit and the remarkably thorough propaganda organizations have held the line.

They have held the line because there is hardly a day in the life of a Japanese when he is not reminded of the essential ideas of his society and state. In America, we tend not to emphasize our national ideals except on special occasions; In Japan, however, there are few occasions that cannot be used to teach the principles of the "theory." When a group of factory workers ma'ke their anntial excursion to some national shrine there wUl be some Shinto priest, or some army officer to remind them of the virmes of the Japanese system.

When everybody in the autumn goes out to view the exhibition of chrysanthemums, he is reminded that his ruler is a divine Emperor, for the chrysanthemum is the imperial crest. When the little schoolgirls and the textile workers are being raught flower arrangement, they are reminded of their place in the national family, for rhe classic arrangement names the three levels of branches —heaven, earth, man, or emperor, father, child—the hierarchy of the family system. This sort of thing seems trivial to an American. But it is not trivial in Japan. Each one of these little reminders is part of a steady stream that plays incessantly on the Japanese mind, reaffirming the Japanese values, setting up barriers against other ideas.

Because of his importance, the current tendency in America to link the Emperor with Hitler as one of a partnership of aggressive political leaders is exrremely unfortunate. The often urged proposal that, once the Japanese military have been defeated, troops of the United Nations must march to the imperial palace and arrest the Emperor is dangerous—if what we hope to accomplish is to discredit militarism in the eyes of the people so that they will accept defeat in an attimde of co-operation.

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and "smothering" by the steady pressure of "Western imperialism." The propaganda has made much of the racesuperiority assumption of the white races and has emphasized that the Japanese must prove that there is one colored race that cannot be conquered by Fantastic as it seems to us, the Japanthe whites. ese people do not think of their Emperor as an aggressive war leader. On the contrary, they believe that they are NDER such conditions, die United involved in a defensive war to protect Nations could not hope for suphim from enemies who threaten his port from any class of the people. It sovereignty. From our point of view, is unlikely that there would be a single the activities of the Japanese military individual who will criticise the Emperconstimte so obviously ruthless and un- or, or believe him guilty of crime, and provoked aggression that it is difficult who would not deeply resent his arrest for us to understand that Japanese peo- by foreigners. Should rhe Emperor comple see them differently. The Japanese mit hara-kiri rather than submit to armasses, however, know nothing about restâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;certainly not an improbable event international relations except what they â&#x20AC;&#x201D;there would be laid the foundation are told, and ever since the Manchurian for a new cult of martyrdom and Incident all the numerous propaganda revenge. organizations have been used to give the To depose the Emperor would be to people a picture of world events from outrage the people's ancestor worship the Japanese leaders' poinr of view. and to knock the emotional props from This picture describes the current war under their family system. There are as well as the Manchurian and China many who feel that this should be done Incidents, as "defensive" measures de- so that the Japanese will cast off their signed to rescue the Chinese people and traditional habits and beliefs and begin to protect the sacred islands and the a new era based on a high standard of divine Emperor from "encirdement" living and freedom for the individual.

Nothing we could do would have so good a chance of stiffening the Japanese into a mood of sullen resentment, if not violent rebellion. Nothing would so dearly vindicate the military propaganda.

U

This kind of reasoning, however, ignores the fact that the Japanese system is not, like the Nazi regime, a retrogression from a more liberal, higherstandard-of-living period. The Japanese traditional ideas, habits, and instimtions have been used to exploit the people.

This does not mean, however, that the people are revolutionary or would welcome outside interference in their civilization. Many Americans are disturbed by the thought of what ten years of Nazi conditioning may have done to the minds of the German people. The Japanese people have been conditioned incessantly for some seventy-five years.

And conditioned, moreover, with ideas that had been normal practice for centuries.

In winning this war, and planning for a post-war world, our major desire is to discredit militarism and discourage the factors that lead to aggression. It is important, therefore, to distinguish clearly between our enemies and our potential friends. The cult of Emperor worship has been used by aggressive leaders to unite the Japanese people behind a program of national aggression.

This does not mean, however, that the Emperor is an aggressive leader, or that the masses of the people have had any

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intention or desire to "conquer the world."

The way to discredit the military in their eyes is not to depose the Emperor but to use him. W e shall have the people on our side and against their aggressive leaders if we can persuade them that their Emperor was betrayed into war "by villians around the throne."

This is a Japanese approach to the problem, for such betrayals have been common in Japanese history.

I

F we can get the people to acquiesce in the smashing of their military machine under the Emperor's leadership, that will be not only what the United Nations want but also a genuine and highly important first step in freeing the Japanese system without challenging the fundamental loyalties and customs upon which national discipline and unity have depended. How it works out, however, will depend on whether the people remain disciplined, and on whether the United Nations can work out some disinterested international agency to help them solve their post-war problems.

In theory, rhe smashing of rhe military machine will enormously raise the amount of national income that could

WITTEK AVIATION

the situation in Japan that the individuals and groups that were actively in favor of aggressive militarism were not the masses, still ruled by their mythology and their family system, but were Westernized individuals (like Matsuoka) who had learned from experience that the white races felt superior to the "colored" races and resenred it; and the relatively small but aggressive groups that had been forced out of the economic and psychological securiry of Japanese paternalism into the unorganized zone of semi-Westernization. The Japanese system, except in unusual circumstances, does guarantee a meager security. Westernization in Japan breaks down that security without giving anything to replace it. This is true not only of the instimtions but also of the habits of daily life. A semi-Westernization makes the Japanese—those living in their homeland—both physically and psychologically uncomfortable. This is a very real dilemma for them. And also for the United Nations, since it is the discontented Japanese who provide the revolutionary mass pressure behind the aggressive military.

The Japanese people will need all the discipline and frugality they are capable of to sustain them during the trials of

be spent for consumers' goods. This shift in economy, however, will not be so easily accomplished as some commentators seem to imagine. The Japanese have been and will be extremely over-dependent on foreign materials and markets. Therefore whether they have any income at all depends on the postwar international arrangements. The Japanese people have never learned to use the machines, gadgets, luxuries— even the furniture and clothes—that we feel are necessary for our standard of living. Moreover, to use such things would mean to change completely their customs of living and many psychological attimdes. Even if they wished to, they could hardly make the change rapidly, and there is grave doubt whether it could be managed at all. There is literally not space enough in the small hilly Japanese islands for some eighty million people to lead an Americanstyle life—not enough room in most of their houses for our type of furniture. And a semi-Westernization laid on top of Japan's traditional custom would merely make the Japanese uncomfortable in their world.

This kind of problem is not so remote from our interests as we might think. For it is a curious paradox of

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the post-war period. Under the leadership of the Emperor, they will probably accept whatever comes with their traditional patience. It would be sensible of the United Nations to encourage the bases of stability in the Japanese system instead of challenging them by forcibly removing the central symbol. The people will follow the Emperor in peace as well as war. If the United Nations can give the right sort of leadership, the disciplined frugality of the Japanese people can be made to work for world stability rather than world chaos.

Week, the First Classmen are getting fitted for new uniforms, and are being besieged by insurance men. Forty-five has twelve more "rivers," hundredth night is just around the corner, and above all, the first class are undergoing their final physical examinations. These examinations will determine one's fitness for flight and submarine duty, and are rumored to be rugged. By this time next month, Lee Shores will be headed for a nice thick gold stripe with expectations of landing on one of our new fighting "cans."

Spindrift

Ogontz School Scholarships

{Continued from page 33)

The Principal of the Ogontz School, Montgomery Coimty, Pa., has advised the Bureau of Naval Personnel that the one full scholarship of $1800 and the two partial scholarships of $900 each, offered by the Trustees of the Ogontz School will be available for the school year beginning in September of this year.

These scholarships are limited to daughters of graduates of the U.S. Naval Academy on active duty and are not restricted as to place of residence. The fuU $1800 scholarship represents the

here since the first week in January and is already quite salty. These boys are not as green as most of the previous reserve classes which entered from civil life. The present contingent is composed of members of the V-12 dass who have had some previous training. We watched them ckill the other day and must admit that the boys seem to know their infantry drill.

The Winter term is half over now and the old graduation spirit is in the air. Houses have been rented for June

I

full fixed school charges. The partial scholarships of $900 each represent a reduction in the annual cost of tuition and charges at the school of about onehalf the total charge.

These scholarships are for the two year course in the Ogontz Junior College, which provides for a course of study containing the essentials of a college course both in academic and artistic work. The plan of study is equally adapted to the girl who completes her education at Ogontz. The courses offered prepare any student who attains high standing to enter universities and certain specified colleges with the rank of junior.

There is no entrance examination, but the applicant must be a graduate of an accredited high school or comparable secondary school, and while it is specifically prescribed that no selection by competition is desired or intended, other things being equal, the selection will be given to a girl who has a good scholastic record rather than to one with a poor record.

Since it is extremely difficult to judge the applicants solely on the basis of "paper" records, a personal interview of those deemed to have a reasonable

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75

chance of selection becomes a very desirable element in the making of the distinction which will undoubtedly be necessary if the judging is to be done on an equitable basis.

The Commandant of the Eleventh Naval District and the Superintendent of the Naval Academy have each been designated to appoint a board or committee to interview and nominate applicants for these scholarships to the Navy Department where final selections will be made after consideration of the detailed recommendations of the respective boards or committees.

The parents of any girl desiring to have their daughter considered for one of these scholarships should apply to the Commandant of the Eleventh Naval District or to the Superintendent of the Naval Academy. The letter of application should contain the following information: (a) a photograph of the applicant, ( b ) a letter from the pastor of the family's church, (c) a letter from the principal of the high school or secondary school from which the applicatant graduated, together with an attested statement of academic record, and ( d ) such other letters of recommendation as the parents desire to submit.

APPLICATIONS FOR THESE SCHOLARSHIPS MUST BE FORWARDED I N TIME TO REACH THE SUPERINTENDENT, U. S. NAVAL ACADEMY, OR THE COMMANDANT, ELEVENTH NAVAL DISTRICT, BY 1 MAY 1944.

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Scholarship The Trustees of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N. Y., have made available one full four year tuition scholarship for the class beginning 1 July 1944, to sons of officers, petty officers or non<ommissioned officers on the active or retired lists of the Navy and Marine Corps, sons of deceased personnel of the above categories, and to sons of officers of the Naval Reserve on active duty.

The student selected wiU be awarded free tuition amounting to $1800 for the full four year course.

Application blanks for the scholarships may be obtained by applying to the Bureau of Naval Personnel. As this is a very valuable scholarship, all personnel interested and qualified to apply for it should submit their application and secondary school record to this Bureau as soon as possible and not later than 1 June 1944. The Navy Department board to select a recipient will meet early in June and the recipient selected should be prepared to arrive at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, 76

N. Y., by 1 July 1944 in order to enter the class beginning on that date.

The foUowing, taken from a letter from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, is quoted for the information of the service: "Candidates should be considered on the basis of scholarship, rank, and leadership qualities. Only an • exceptional student should be considered and the successful candidate will be required to maintain an average grade of 8 5 % .

"The Institute maintains twelve undergraduate courses leading to the Bachelor degree, as foUows: MetaUurgical Engineering, Business Administration.

Electrical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Aeronautical Engineering, Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Architecture, Chemistry, Biology, Physics.

"Graduate courses are also offered leading to the Masters' and Doctors' degrees.

"The scholarship which the Trustees of this Institute offers is distinctly an honor scholarship and is not of the usual kind in which any student who can get a bare passing grade continues to be eligible. In selecting the successful candidate, it is requested that a committee representing the Bureau of Naval Personnel, Yards and Docks, and Ships, be appointed and that they be direaed to pay considerable attention to the things that the candidate has done outside of the classroom, such as editorial work, athletics, music. Boy Scout work, etc"

The Birth of the Balloon Barrage BaUoon testing was started in Britain about two years before the war began, by a crew of two pUots and three scientists.

Before the experiments it had not been decided whether the baUoon barrage should be adopted as a form of defense.

The testers began by dropping a baU of string with a parachute attached to the upper end of the string, then wheeUng round and flying into the length of string.

The aircraft used were Hawks which had wooden wings.

The first thing discovered was that before the string broke it sawed into the leading edge of the wing. An important further discovery was that the depth of the cut depended on-the length of the string. The longer the string the deeper the cut.

Before starting each flying experiment, the whole thing had been worked out on the ground mathematicaUy, so the pUots did have an inkling of what to expect, and on every flight one of the scientists flew with them.

After the string stage they started using steel wire of various lengths and thicknesses. The fliers wore padded crash

helmets and their cockpits were proteaed by a steel netting with a peephole so tiiat they could see dearly to aim at the particular point of the wire that they wanted to hit. This spot was marked by a black flag.

For this wire testing stage they used single engine bombers with metal clad wings. TTiey did their flying over gunnery ranges, so that the failing wire would land where it could not do any damage on the ground.

Sometimes the wire got tangled aroimd the propeUer and its hub, or became lashol around the cockpit or the wings, often gashing them to pieces. After each contact with the wire they would land to inspect the damage and measure the depth of the cut in the leading edge of a wing. They never had a wing cut right off, but that was because the experiments had taught them by then exactly how far through a wing the cut could go without this happening.

The third and last stage was flying into steel wire cable with a real baUoon at the top. The effect on an aircraft of flitting a cable is to slew the machine round and down. It was then decided to adopt the baUoon barrage.

arte Eagt Call '20, Capt., USMC. Died 1 Jan. 1944 in Naval Hospital at Camp Lejeune, New River, N . C.

TURNER WESTKAY BATTLE,

DONALD C E O L BREWINGTON, '39, LL,

USN. Active. Died—Presumptive 23 Aug. 1943. OfficiaUy reported missing as of 22 Aug. 1942, having been attached to the USS INGRAHAM when that vessel coUided with the USS C H E M U N G and later sank in the North Atlantic (In compUance with Sec. 5 of Pub. Law 490, as amended, death is presumed to have occurred on 23 Aug. 1943.) North Adantic not enemy action.

JACK LEFLORE BROWN, '41, Lt.,

USN.

Active. Died 29 Oct. 1943, W2 mUes N.E. of Sunflower, Alabama. Mid air plane coUision, not enemy action.

HERBERT M C C L E L L A N COLEMAN,

'32,

Lt. Comdr., USN. Active. Died—• Presumptive 14 Nov. 1943. OfficiaUy reported missing in action 13 Nov. 1942, whUe serving aboard the USS BARTON when that vessel was torpedoed and sunk in the Third Batde of Savo Island. (In compliance with Seaion 5 of Public Law 490, as amended, death is presumed to have occurred on 14 Nov. 1943.) Pacific area, enemy action.

wlnmaip

WILLIAM

RAYMOND

COOK,

'38,

Lt.,

USN. Aaive. Died—Presumptive 16 Sept. 1943. OfficiaUy reported missing in aaion as of 15 Sept. 1942, while serving aboard the USS WASP when that vessel was torpedoed and sunk in the South Pacific Ocean. (In compUance with Seaion 5 of Public Law 490, as amended, death is presumed to have occurred 16 Sept. 1943.)

Pacific area, enemy action.

JOHN

GREGORY

DOWNING,

'35,

Lt.,

USN. Aaive. Died—Presmnptive 14 Nov. 1943. OfficiaUy reported missing in aaion 13 Nov. 1942, following the Thitd Battle of Savo Island in which the USS BARTON participated.

(In compliance with Seaion 5 of Public Law 490, as amended, death is presumed to have. occurred 14 Nov. 1943.) Pacific area, enemy aaion.

DOUGLAS HAROLD FOX, '26, Lt. Comdr.,

USN. Aaive. Died—Presumptive 14 Nov. 1943. OfficiaUy reported missing in aaion as of 13 Nov. 1942, whUe serving aboard the USS BARTON when that vessel was torpedoed and sunk in the Third Batde of Savo Island. (In compliance with Seaion 5 of PubUc Law 490, as amended, death is presumed to have occurred 14 Nov. 1943.) Pacific area, enemy action.

THOMAS EDWARD ERASER, '24, Comdr.,

USN. Active. Died—Presumptive 16 Nov. 1943. OfficiaUy reported missing in aaion as of 15 Nov. 1942, whUe serving aboard the USS W A L K E when that vessel was torpedoed and sunk in the Fourth Battle of Savo Island. (In compUance with Section 5 of Public Law 490, as amended, death is presumed to have occurred 16 Nov. 1943.) Pacific area, enemy aaion.

WiLLLVM LEE GUICE, JR., '40,

Lt.,

USN. Aaive. Died—Presumptive 14 Nov. 1943. OfficiaUy reported missing in aaion as of 13 Nov. 1942, whUe serving aboard the USS BARTON when that vessel was torpedoed and sunk in the Third Battle of Savo Island. (In compliance with Section 5 of Public Law 490, as amended, death is presumed to have occurred 14 Nov. 1943.) Pacific area, enemy aaion.

LAWRENCE

SANGSTON

GWYN,

'82,

Nav. Cdt. Died 24 Dec. 1943, at Punta Gorda, Florida.

JOHN D A N I E L HARRIS, '40,

Lt.

1944

EUGENE JAMES H U N T E M E R , '43,

EDWIN OSCAR J O H N S O N , '41, Lt.,

USN.

Active. Died—Presimiptive 1 Dec. 1943. OfficiaUy reported missing in action 30 Nov. 1942, having been serving aboard the USS N E W ORLEANS following the Fifth Battle of Savo Island in which the USS N E W ORLEANS participated. (In compliance with Section 5 of Public Law 490, as amended, death is presumed to have occurred 1 Dec. 1943.) Pacific area, enemy aaion.

FRANK

WOODRUFF

KELLOGG,

'79,

Capt., USN (Ret.). Died 20 Dec. 1943, Waterbury, Conn.

JAMES

LAWSON

KEMPER,

'32,

Lt.

Comdr., USN. Aaive. Died—Presumptive 14 Nov. 1943. Officially reported to be missing in action as of 13 Nov. 1942 foUowing the Third Battle of Savo Island in which the USS M O N S S E N participated, while serving aboard the USS MoNSSEN. (In compliance with Section 5 of Public Law 490, as amended, death is presumed to have occurred 14 Nov. 1943.) Pacific area, enemy action.

CHARLES J O S E P H K I N G , '38, Lt.,

USN.

Aaive. Died—Presumptive 23 Aug. 1943. Officially reported missing as of 22 August 1942, having been attached to the USS iNGRAHAM, when that vessel collided with USS C H E M U N G and later sank in the North Atlantic. (In compliance with Section 5 of Public Law 490, as amended, death is presumed to have occurred 23 Aug. 1943.) Atlantic area, not enemy action.

WILLIAM

NEPHEW

KING,

'82,

missing in action as of 13 Nov. 1942, following the Third Battle of Savo Island in which the USS MoNSSEN participated.

(In compliance with Section 5 of Public Law 490, as amended, death is presumed to have occurred 14 Nov. 1943.) Pacific area, enemy action.

Ens.,

USN. Active. Died—Presiunptive 14 Nov. 1943. OfficiaUy reported missing in action 13 Nov. 1942, foUowing the Third Battle of Savo Island in which the USS CUSHING participated.

(In compliance with Section 5 of Public Law 490, as amended, death is presumed to have occurred 14 Nov. 1943.) Pacific area, enemy action.

Nav.

Cdt. Died 29 Dec. 1943 at U. S. Veterans' Administration Hospital, Northport, L. I., N. Y.

W I L L I A M GREGORY KORNAHRENS, '39,

Lt., USN. Active. Died—Presumptive 2 Aug. 1943. OfficiaUy reported missing as of 1 Aug. 1942, having been attached to the USS G R U N I O N when that ship was lost in the Aleutian-Alaskan area. (In compliance with Section 5 of Public Law 490, as amended, death is presumed to have occurred 2 Aug. 1943.)

Alaska-Pacific area, enemy action.

ARTHUR STANLEY LANE, JR., '43,

DALE W E S L E Y KNAGGS, '42, Lt.

(jg),

USN. Active. Died—Presumptive 14 Nov. 1943. OfficiaUy reported to be

Ens.,

USN. Active. Died—Presiunptive 13 O a . 1943. OfficiaUy reported missing in action as of 12 Oct. 1942, having been attached to and serving aboard the USS D U N C A N when that vessel was sheUed and sunk off Savo Island in the South Pacific Ocean. (In compliance with Section 5 of Public Law 490, as amended, death is presumed to have occurred 13 O a . 1943.)

Pacific area, enem yaction.

THOMAS

FRANCIS M A L O N E ,

'41,

Lt.,

USN. Aaive. Died 8 Dec. 1943, 2 miles West of Nauru Island. Pacific area, enemy action.

FRANK D O N A L D MILLER, '39, Lt.,

USN.

Active. Died—Presumptive 26 Oct. 1943. OfficiaUy reported missing as of 25 Oct. 1942, when the plane he was aboard crashed into the sea East of the Santa Cruz Islands. (In compliance with Section 5 of Public Law 490, as amended, death is presumed to have occurred 26 Oct. 1943.)

Plane crash. Pacific area, not enemy action.

'21. Died 4 Jan.. 1944, at Park Ridge, lUinois.

J O H N HARRY MORRISON,

FRANCIS CREIGHTON MULVANITY, '43,

Ens., USN. Aaive. Died—Presumptive 16 Nov. 1943. OfficiaUy reported to be missing in action as of 15 Nov. 1942, having been serving aboard the USS W A L K E when that vessel was sunk in the Fourth Battle of Savo Island. (In compliance with Sec. 5 of Public Law 490, as amended, death is presumed to have occurred 16 Nov. 1943.) Pacific area, enemy action.

LEWIS

(jg),

D-V ( G ) USNR. Active. D i e d Presumptive 5 Nov. 1943. OfficiaUy reported missing in action as of 4 FEBRUARY,

Nov. 1942, while serving aboard a merchant vessel that was torpedoed and sunk in the Arctic Ocean. (In compliance with Section 5 of Public Law 490, as amended, death is presimied to have occurred 5 Nov. 1943.) Atlantic area, enemy action.

EDWARD

PENNELL,

'43,

Ens.,

USN. Active. Died—Presumptive 14 Nov. 1943. OfficiaUy declared missing in action as of 13 Nov. 1942, 77

foUowing the Third Battle of Savo Island in which the USS MONSSEN participated. (In compUance with Seaion 5 of PubUc Law 490, as amended, death is presumed to have occurred 14 Nov. 1943.) Ship torpedoed and sunk. Pacific area, enemy action.

RAY OLIV'ER PENROD,

'41, Lt.

(jg),

USN. Aaive. Died—Presumptive 16 Oct. 1943. OfficiaUy reported missing in aaion 15 O a . 1942, having been serving aboard the USS MEREDITH when that vessel was torpedoed and sunk by enemy aaion in the South Pacific (In compUance with Seaion 5 of PubUc Law 490, as amended, death is presumed to have occurred 16 O a . 1943.) Pacific area, enemy action.

JOYCE A L L E N R A L P H , '23, Comdr., USN. Aaive. Died—Presumptive 17 Aug. 1943. OfficiaUy reported missing as of 16 Aug. 1942, having been aboard transport plane No. 01989, when that plane was lost between Kodiak, Alaska, and Whitehorse, Yukon. (In compUance with Section 5 of PubUc Law 490, as amended, death is presumed to have occurred 17 Aug. 1943.) Pacific area, not enemy action.

CHARLES CHESTER SLATER, '43,

Ens.,

USN. Active. Died—Presumptive 14 Nov. 1943. Officially declared to be missing in aaion as of 13 Nov. 1942, foUowing the Third Batde of Savo Island in which the USS BARTON participated. (In compUance with Seaion 5 of PubUc sLaw 490, as amended, death is presumed to have occurred 14 Nov. 1943.) Pacific area, enemy action.

JAMES

BARKLEY

SOMMERS,

'42,

Lt.

( j g ) , U S N . Aaive. Died—Presumptive 14 Nov. 1943. OfficiaUy reponed missing in aaion 13 Nov. 1942, following the Third Batde of Savo Island in which the USS BARTON participated. (In compUance with Seaion 5 of PubUc Law 490, as amended, death is presumed to have occurred 14 Nov. 1943.) Pacific area, enemy aaion.

M A X CLIFFORD STORMES, '24, Comdr.,

USN. Aaive. Died—Presumptive 16 Nov. 1943. OfficiaUy reported missing in aaion as of 15 Nov. 1942, while serving aboard the USS PREST O N when that vessel was sunk in the Fourth Batde of Savo Island.

(In compliance with Section 5 of Public Law 490, as amended, death is presumed to have occurred 16 Nov. 1943.) Pacific area, enemy action.

78

Material Office, Recruiting Inspeaor's Office, Navy Industrial Manager's Office, Grear Lakes Training Station, and Air Technical Training Center.

For further information concerning the Chicago Branch, please communicate with Alfred W. Burket, '20, president c/o GriscomHUBERT W A R R E N WAGER, '41, Lt. RusseU Co., 20 N. Wacker Drive, Chicago 6, ( j g ) , U S N . Aaive. Died—Presump- IlL, or Andrew K. Randolph, '24, Sec'ty.tive 14 Nov. 1943. OfficiaUy reported Treas., 35 E. Wacker Drive, Chicago, 111. n[iissing in aaion 13 Nov. 1942, folBRANCH lowing the Third Batde of Savo LOS ANGELES Island in which the USS MoNSSEN The first meeting of the new year of the participated. (In compUance with Los Angeles Chapter was held at the L A Seaion 5 of PubUc Law 490, as Athletic Q u b on Wednesday evening, January amended, death is presumed to have 5th. The foUowing officers were elected to occurred 14 Nov. 1943.) Pacific area, serve during the coming year: President—C. N. Perkins, '17, 670 Pacific enemy action.

Electric Bldg., Los Angeles. Telephone, WiLLLAM JEFFERSON W A L K E R , '39, Tudcer 7272.

Vice-President—A. W. Buffington, '22, Lt., USN. Active. Died 24 Sept.

810 So. Spring St., Los Angeles. Telephone, 1943, mouth of Perquimans River, Main 2101.

Albermarle Soimd, N . C. Plane crash, Secretary-Treasurer—W. Clare Eimis, '30, not enemy aaion.

444 Homewood Rd., Los Angeles 24. Telephone, Arizona 3-0271.

Eleven regular members and three guests were present at this meeting. The principal speaker for the occasion was Garland P. Peed, This space allotted hj Shipmate a non-graduate of the dass of '23, who reeach month for the news of cendy returned from many months of service Branch Associations of U. S. Nain East Africa where he was connected with val Academy. the Douglas Aircraft Company's Service and Repair Base in Eritrea. His account of the establishment and operations of this base as well as the living conditions and customs in that part of the world was most interesting.

CHICAGO BRANCH His dassmates wiU likely remember that The first Monthly Dinner and Meeting of Garland Peed forsook the Navy to smdy the Year was held at The Army and Navy aeronautical engineering at MIT, eventuaUy Qub on January 28th. The Nominating becoming an Army flyer and later going with Committee presented their slate for new Douglas. Since returning to the U.S. he has officers. George Fitzgerald, '27, moved that gone into the employ of the Northrop Airnominations be closed and accordingly the craft organization here. W e were glad to following were unanimously elected:—Alfred welcome him back to Navy environment W. Burket, '20, President; Leicester N. Baker, once again.

'23, Vice-President, and Andrew K. RanA short talk was also given by Lieut. dolph, '24, Secretary and Treasurer.

Commander George S. Dale, USN, Ret, Qass of '13. He is now on active duty at Our speaker for the evening was Lt. R. C. the office of the Naval Inspeaor, Douglas Ragan, USNR. Lt. Ragan is a graduate of Aircraft Co., Santa Monica, Calif.

Ohio State, and was in one of the first Further entertainment was provided in the classes to receive commissions from Abbott Hall. He was forward anti-aircraft officer way of moving pictures of the Pearl Harbor on the U.S.S. SOUTH DAKOTA—(Mystery attack and other war scenes as furnished Ship X under CapL Thomas L. Gatch, '12). through local sources under the Industrial He gave us a very interesting story of the Incentive Division, War and Navy Depts. history of the SOUTH DAKOTA from the time Our meetings wiU continue to be hdd the she reached the Pacific, taking us from opera- first Wednesday of each month. We meet tion in the Aleutians to her outstanding suc- for dinner at the L. A. Athletic Qub. cessful encounters with Jap cruisers, destroyFor further information concerning the ers and dive bombers in the Southwest Los Angeles Branch please communicate with Pacific. Lt. Ragan wears the Purple Heart. W. Qare Ennis, '30, Secretary, 444 HomeHe is at present stationed at Great Lakes wood Road, Los Angeles 24, Calif.

Naval Training Station. We all enjoyed his talk very much.

MARYL.4ND BRANCH The monthly dinner meeting of the MaryThere was a good attendance and the folland Branch was held on Tuesday, January lowing were present: 18, 1944, at the Stafford Hotd, Baltimore, Col. H. A. AUen, '87, Hubert Burnham, Maryland. Quite a nimaber of members '05, Capt. J. K. Esler, '11, Comdr. P. R. arrived in time to dine. After the usual Weaver, '14, Swift Riche, '14, A. A. Brand, business meeting "all hands" had the pleasure '14, A .W. Burket, '20, R. D. Sullivan, '22, of hearing Lt. R. B. Tippett, USNR, and L. W . Baker, 23, A. K. Randolph, 24, L. I. Lt. W. F. Hoblitzele. USNR, our guest Replogle. '24, H. T. Bowers, '25, Geo. W. speakers for the evening. Lt. Tippett spoke Fitzgerald, '27, J. R. Ray, '29, E. C. McLean. of his many interesting experiences in Trini'35. Also in attendance were Reserve Officers dad. Lt. Hoblitzele gave us the story of the from Abbott Hail, Navy Pier, Inspector Navy Armed Guard and his interesting experiences W A R R E N POTTER STRONG, JR., '40, Lt,

USN. Active. Died 18 December 1943, vicinity of Naval Air Station, JacksonviUe, Fla., aircraft aash, not enemy aaion.

in the War Zone. Both talks were entertain- New York 4, N. Y. Tel., DLgby 4-2600. ing and enlightening. Among those present, L. W. Herring, 1920, Treasurer, 300 besides our guest speakers were E. L. Ander- Madison Avenue, New York 17, N. Y. Tel., son, '20; J. B. Poore, '25; Lt. Lee, USNR; MUrray Hill 2-6800.

H. K. Legate, '30; Lt. Comdr. Charles S. R. B. Parker, '18, Assistant Secretary, 71 Silsbee, '25; J. P. Zuris, '39; J. T. Wald- Broadway, New York 6, N. Y. Tel., WHitehauser, Jr., '23; Leonard Powers, USNR; hall 4-3260.

D. J. Fitzgerald, '27; Clifford Wise, "41; CLASS GROUP LEADERS Ed. H. White, '27; Harry R. England, '27, '—/'99—Group I: Rear Adm. R. R. Sec.-Treas. of our Parent Association; Comdr.

Morris D. Gilmore, USN (Ret.), '11, Presi- Belknap, Gen. Theo. Seminary, 175 Ninth dent of the Maryland Branch; W. Beverly Avenue, New York 11, N . Y. Bristor, '27, Secretary. Mr. Andrew Kramer '00/'07—Group II: Mr. Earle Farwell, and Dr. WiUiamson were among our guests. c/o Barry, Wainwright & Symmers, 72 Wall For further information concerning the Street, New York 5, N. Y. Maryland Branch please communicate with '08/'13—Group 111: Commodore F. G. W. Beverly Bristor, '27, Secretary, Aintree Reinicke, 17 Battery Place, New York 4, and Hastings Road, Towson, Maryland.

N. Y. '14/'17—Group IV: Comdr. C. C. VickNEW YORK BRANCH rey, Eastern Sea Frontier, 90 Church Street, The monthly meeting of this Association New York 7, N. Y. was held on January 12, 1944, at the Midday '18/'21—Group V: Mr. W. E. Ditmars, Qub, 25 Broad St., New York City, at c/o Gray Mfg Co., 230 Park Avenue, New 12.30 p.m.

York 5, N. Y. Lt. Hugh M. Robinson, USN, 1938, of the '22/'23—Group VI: Lt. Comdr. J. S. T. S. Motor Torpedo Boat Training Section, spoke Ely, 10 Ames Avenue, Rutherford, N. J. of "PT Action in the Solomons," while he '24/'2 5—Group VII: Mr. O. V. Tracy, was Commander, Motor Torpedo Boat Squadc/o Standard Oil Dev. Co., 26 Broadway ron Number Three. Lt. Robinson is one (Rm. 2800), New York 4, N . Y. of the youngest speakers we have ever had '26/'33—Group VIII: Lt. H. S. Schwab and he made an excellent presentation of his observations and personal experiences in SC-V ( G ) , USN Training School, Hunters fourteen separate PT engagements in and College, New York 63, N. Y. about Guadalcanal and the Slot. His story '34/'—Group IX: Mr. R. E. Erbentraut, of bringing his PT back into port minus a c/o Sperry Gyroscope Co., Manhattan Bridge bow, taken off by enemy fire, was particularly Plaza, Brooklyn, N. Y. thriUing and his description of the engageFor further information concerning the ment of Nov. 11-12-13-14 gave a very vivid New York Branch please communicate with picture of the night engagement around Savo Wm. B. Jupp, '13, Secretary, 26 Broadway, Island. His touches of humor added to the New York City. telling of his story and in no way detracted from the courageous picmre of fine service SAN FRANCISCO BRANCH that the PT crew and boats are giving to our Our opening dinner for 1944 proved a Navy in this war. festive one indeed for the attendance apWith Lt. Hugh M. Robinson at the proached the cenmry mark and the evening speaker's table was his father, Comdr. Hugh was made the more enjoyable by the large B. Robinson from the Office of the Port number of senior members and their guests.

Direaor; President Logan Cresap; ViceAmong those present were Rear Admiral President N. O. Wynkoop; Commodore F. Hugo W. Osterhaus, Rear Admiral C. W. G. Reinicke; Rear Admiral R. R. Belknap; Crosse, Rear Admiral Edgar L.Woods (MC), Honorable Herbert L. Satterlee and Vice- Major General John Marston, USMC, and President H. R, Sutphen of the Elearic Boat Brigadier General Warren R. Carter (AC), Company, builders of PT boats. There were USA; then among the senior alumni attend126 members and guests present. ing were Capt. S. E. Moses, '92, Comdr. John Capt. Leland P. Lovette, USN, is the S. Graham, '98, H. M. Gleason, '99, Roland scheduled speaker for the February meeting R. Riggs, '04, and Jimmy Howell, '07. and it is anticipated he wiU talk of his Comdr. Clyde King, '22, showed up with a recent trip to Europe and the Mediterranean fine crowd from the Navy Preflight School at St. Mary's College; in faa, we would be area. quite starded if Clyde missed an attendance As has been our custom in the past, the Annual Dinner wiU be held March 10 in lieu as he is one of our strongest boosters. Probably, it would take more than a California of the Luncheon Meeting. blizzard to keep him and his cohorts from It will be held at the Waldorf-Astoria St. Mary's away.

Hotel, New York City.

We were very happy indeed to see a liberal All those who attended the Naval sprinkling of guests throughout the gatherAcademy, graduate or non-graduate, are eligible to membership upon application to any ing; their attendance speaks well for the of the officers. List of officers and dass popularity of these dinners both with the officers of our fellow services and with the group leaders follow: civilians of the Bay Cities. Capt. "Bill" Logan Cresap, 1905, President, 71 Broad- Hine (SC), with Comdr. George Smallman way, New York 6, N. Y. Tel., BOwling (SC), brought with them a goodly quota of Green 9-6800. welcomed officers of the Supply Corps. Then, N. O. Wynkoop, 1916, Vice-President, among the Army guests we were favored 330 West 42nd Street, New York 18, N . Y. with the presence of Col. Edwinson, Lt. Col. Td., MEdallion 3-0700.

Westbrook and Major Daily all of the Air W. B. Jupp, 1913, Secretary, 26 Broadway, Corps.

FEBRUARY,

1944

Prior to the roll call, the Chairman read notes of Christmas greetings from Admiral Nimitz and from Vice Admiral Hewitt and too, an enjoyable letter from our Guest Speaker of September, T. E. A. Healy, British War Correspondent, now of the Middle East Headquarters. Mr. Healy tells us that he has been given a roving commission, so to speak, for the Middle East theatre by his paper. The London Daily Mirror, and we hope that he can send to us some very interesting messages of his experiences and his observations.

Now, for the program of the evening.

First, Chief Commissary Steward Wallace and Chief Cabin Steward White served a delicious dinner that was up to the high standards of those of 1943 and next, following the customary recess of fifteen minutes.

Consul R. A. N. Hillyer of the British Consulate General, gave a brief but very snappy talk on Burma and the Mountbatten theatre.

His talk constituted an analysis of this theatre as Mr. Hillyer sees it after a residence of several years in Bangkok and visits to Hongkong, Singapore and Java.

By the use of large wall maps sent him by the British Military Attache in Washington, Consul Hillyer outlined the topography of this area and described quite vividly the jungle character of the country and the terrific amount of rainfall to be contended with during the monsoon season.

The increasing importance of South China as a base of operations against Japan in the drives to come made this graphic talk by Mr. Hillyer doubly interesting.

Next, the drama of the evening was a sound piaure, "War On The Seas," furnished through the courtesy of E. Neil Shaver in charge Public Relations for Time, Life and Fortune, San Francisco. This film was a compilation of newsreel picmres taken for the Navy by the photographers of Time Magazine and constitutes a splendid history of Naval operations from Pearl Harbor to current times and includes operations both in the Pacific and in the Mediterranean. The film ran for about 40 minutes and started with shots from captured Japanese film of the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Also included were a number of shots from captured German film.

The sound portion of the film was handled mosdy by Westbrook Van Voorhies, narrator for March of Time.

We were quite hopeful of having a brief talk by George Stroch, ace photographer for Life, who was expected in San Francisco at any time. Mr. Stroch has covered the Padfic War from Guadalcanal to the recent operations in Tarawa and we anticipated some very interesting remarks from him. However, he did not arrive in San Francisco in sufficient time for the dinner.

After a concluding and unanimous standing vote of thanks to both Consul Hillyer and Mr. Shaver, the dinner was adjourned with the promise of an equally interesting February meeting to continue the story of these operations in the Pacific.

Our San Francisco dinner meetings ate held on the first Wednesday evening of every month; for information please communicate with Haller Bdt, '08, Room 1001, 593 Market St., San Francisco (GArfield 0695).

79

On the Beam T T is hoped that the complete details of the Salerno landing •*• which are published in this issue will be of wide interest to officers who have not yet had access to reports of the operation. The material for this article was prepared by both the Royal and United States Navies and released in Algiers. # # # * * "TXR. Samuel van Valkenburg, who wrote the article *^ "Netherlands, Land and People," is professor of Geography at Clark University. He formerly was head of the Geographical Seaion, Royal Topographical Section of the Netherlands Indies and is a member of the Association of American Geographers. He is author of many books on geography including Economic and Social Geography (1934), Europe (1935), Elements of Political Geography (1939), and America At War {1942). SHIPMATE is indebted both to the author and to the University of California Press for permission to reprint this material. * * * * * S we go to press To All Hands by Lt. John Mason Brown, USNR, from which die article Black Rock, Blue Water is taken, is having a splendid sale. This is well deserved for it is one of the outstanding books of the war to date. Whittlesey House gave their kind permission to republish this section of the book. * * * * * ANY readers might wonder why Miss Helen Mears handled her subject so gently in the article on The Japanese Emperor. W e think she has done a scholarly job of evaluating the Son of So-and-So and his relationship with the Japanese people, and that the article will be read with much interest by Naval officers. Permission to use the article was given by the Yale Review. * * * * * EXT month Dr. Ivan Ray Tannehill, who wrote Heat and Humidity in this month's issue wiU discuss Special Phenomena Over the Oceans as the sixth of the series on Weather Around the World.

A

M

N

Navy Still Buying Bonds Showing no signs of abating its rapid pace, the Navy War Bond aUotment program continued to swing ahead in January on aU fronts.

At the end of the month total aUotments were 1,239,802— or an increase of 108,410 over December 31.

The Navy registered 81,239 additional allotments; Marine Corps, 16,739, and the Coast Guard, 10,432.

The entire Navy bond program piled up total sales in January of $30,070,575. This was the third highest total in the history of the program, being exceeded only by December, 1943 with its total of $57,021,654, which included Pearl Harbor Day cash sales, and September, 1943, which had a total of $30,477,763.

Of the January sales $16,242,593.75 represented bond purchases by civilian employes under the payroll savings plan; $9,189,712.50 was allotment purchases by uniformed personnel of the Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard, and $4,638,268.75 was cash purchases by both military and civilian personnel.

Training stations assumed leadership in the campaign in January with a combined efficiency index radng of 171.9 per cent, while air stations, with 131.2 per cent, were second.

80

Index to Advertisers Aerial Products, Inc 24 The American Pad & Textile Co 73 Annapolis Banking & Trust Co 63 Asiatic Petroleum Corp 65 The L. A. Benson Co., Inc 58 F. W. Berk & Co., Inc 72 Braden Steel Corporation 64 Brown & Forman Distillers Corp 72 Busch-Sulzer Bros.-Diesel Engine Co 39 Calvert School 73 The Circo Products Co 65 The Cleveland Container Co 64 Cluff Fabric Products 47 Cox & Stevens Aircraft Corp 54 Crompton-Richmond Co., Inc 72 The Crosse & Blackwell Co 53 Daytona Beach Chamber of Commerce 57 De Laval Steam Turbine Co 72 Douglas Aircraft Co., Inc 2 Morton McI. Dukehart & Co 62 Dutchess Tool Company Inc Inside Back Cover Eccles & Davies Machinery Co., Inc 51 General Electric Company 1 Guided Radio Corporation 75 Hawley Products Company 68 Oscar W. Hedstrom Corp 21 R. C. Heller Co., Inc 52 Henry Valve Company 69 Herff-Jones-Chicago, Inc 59 Horton Manufacturing Co 61 Hurty-Peck & Company 74 International Business Machines Corp 9 International Diesel Electric Co., Inc 32 Jack & Heintz, Inc 40-41 City of Jacksonville, Florida 70 F. L. Jacobs Company 43 Kewaunee Manufacturing Co 74 Lafayette Metal Spinning Co 55 Liggett & Myers 'Tobacco Co Outside Back Cover Los Angeles Heavy Hardware Co 62 James McCutcheon & Company 49 Hallicrafters Co 5 McGill Manufacturing Co 67 The Marquette Metal Products Co 10 Mid-Continent Metal Products Co 37 Miller Tool & Mfg. Company 67 The Missouri Valley Bridge & Iron Co 60 The Herman Nelson Corp 69 New Departure Division 3 W. W. Norton & Company 60 W. E. O'Neil Construction Co 56 Peerless Handcuff Company 61 E. W. Pike & Company 75 Princeton University Press 71 The Quaker Oats Company 45 Queens Boxing Corp 53 RCA & Subsidiary Companies 8 Charles Rantz 57 Respro, Inc 68 Reversible Collar Co 56 R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co Inside Front Cover Rustless Iron & Steel Corp 71 Sawyer Electrical Mfg. Co 74 Schramm, Inc 35 The Sight Light Corp 74 The Standard Ultramarine Co 73 Taylor Manufacturing Co 75 The Wean Engineering Co., Inc 70 Weems System of Navigation 22 Weaver Manufacturing Co 75 Wittek Manufacturing Co 73 Wrentham Products Company 55 Wright Aeronautical Corp 4

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