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Ontario Veterinary College has conducted research on the impact of air pollution on horse health:

Equine Asthma & Pollution

During the summer there are often waves of horses presenting with respiratory disease. Ontario Veterinary College researcher, Janet Beeler-Marfisi never really ascribed that to being part of air pollution, until her recent research revealed horses, with their far greater lung capacity and athleticism, can also suffer when air pollution levels rise.

Checking the Air Quality Health Index is how many humans suffering from asthma start their day and subsequently plan their activities. As an asthma sufferer, Beeler has personal experience recognizing how the air quality can affect her own breathing. She has always wondered if horses could also be impacted?

In this Ontario study published in 2020, Beeler and her colleagues discovered: Increased Weekly Mean PM2.5, and NO2 Are Associated With Increased Proportions of Lower Airway Granulocytes in Ontario Horses.

So what does an increase in airway granulocytes mean in correlation to pollution?

Beeler explains, “the lungs have cells inside the air sacs, and they protect the lungs against things that we breathe in. If the lower airway granulocytes are increased, it implies that there is inflammation they are responding to. We noted that there was an increase in certain types of inflammatory cells when air pollution was high.”

Interestingly, proximity to a city was a factor in the study. Beeler described that what we used to call smog we now call poor air quality. Proximity to cars, which give off a lot of particulate makes up a major portion of poor air quality.

The lungs are part of the foundation for a horse’s amazing athletic capacity. Even minimal inflammation can lead to problems with breathing, decreases in athletic performance and could decrease the longevity of a horse’s career if left unchecked. Certainly, any cough or breathing issue should be addressed by the veterinarian right away.

Prevention is the first defence against respiratory issues. Beeler has three tips for reducing particulates in your horses environment:

“Based on my research, I would hope that people look at Air Quality Health Index and when the air quality is poor, choose not to push our equine athletes to their maximal efforts during those times.”

Barn related factors! For example: watering before sweeping, put sweepings into the manure pile rather than sending that dust into the horse’s stall where they can breathe it in while eating off the ground.

“I personally have an issue with round bale feeding or large square bale feeding. They stick their face into the bale and they are breathing in all of the particulates. Even good-looking hay contains mold spores and dust from the soil, which are just naturally occurring and can contribute to lung inflammation.”

There are more studies on equine lung health in Dr. Beeler’s future. Next, she will be looking at the effects of pollution on exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage, otherwise known as bleeding.

SIGNS OF SMOKE IRRITATION

Asthma-like signs (heaves)

• Coughing

• Difficulty breathing

• Watery eyes

• Fatigue or weakness

• Disorientation or stumbling

• Reduced appetite or thirst

• Nasal discharge

IF YOU NOTICE THESE SIGNS...CALL YOUR VETERINARIAN!

HOW TO PROTECT YOUR HORSE

- Limit or cease exercise depending on your local Air Quality Health index

- Control dust

. soak hay for 15 minutes and drain before feeding

. water dry paddocks

. wet down bedding

- Provide fresh water

- If your horse has any signs of smoke irritation – allow time for recovery

- Airway damage from wildfire smoke takes 4 to 6 weeks to heal – after air quality returns to normal

- Fire and smoke forecasts at firesmoke.ca/forecasts/current/

USEFUL RESOURCES

Air Quality Health Index weather.gc.ca/airquality/pages/index_e.html

Ontario Veterinary College Research https://youtu.be/5VH9EP6n19w

Sources: AVMA, UC Davis, AQHI, University of Minnesota Extension, www.airqualityontario.com/aqhi/

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