Our Donors
Anthony & Ruth Demarco Bernard & Katherine Dick M. Burton Drexler Sally Dudley Constance Duhamel Monte Engler Rachel & Melvin Epstein Donald I. & Grace Eremin Sharon Esakoff Judith Eschweiler H. Read Evans Bruce & Adele Fader Marlene Rosen Fine & Michael J Fine Angela T. Fiore Raymond & Jean Firestone Eva & Norman Fleischer Barbara Fleischman Fred Forrest Donald Fowle Nancy Fowler Jessica Franken & David Korr Mio Fredland Monroe Freedman Robert Freedman Sandra & Burton Freeman Mary Ann & John Garland Ellen Gibbs James Giblin David & Sue-Ellen Globus Ruth Golbin Joyce & Maurice Goldberg Joyce Golden Charles & Jane Goldman Seth & Marjorie Goldstein Carolyn Goodman Gordon & Mary Gould Anna Grabarits Ilse W. Grafman Gramercy Park Foundation Anita & Edward Greenbaum Greenwich House Senior Center Pat Griffith Marta Gross & Richard Barnes Lois & Stewart Gross James C & Julia Hall Katherine Halmi Robert Hanson & Lynne Alfred Brian & Darlene Heidtke Carol Hekimian William & Elizabeth Henn Reily Hendrickson
Mari-Lyn Henry Anita Highton Ellen & Harvey Hirsch Eleanor Hodges Milton Horowitz Alfred Hubay Harriet & Elihu Inselbuch Joseph Iseman Jocelyn Jacknis Edgar & Renee Jackson Eleanor Jacob Irwin & Ann Jacobs Peter & Ellen Jakobson Roberta A. Jones Ronald Jones JP Morgan Matching Gifts Eleanor Munro Kahn Jane Kapsales Ursula & Frank Karelsen Regina Kelly Kathleen Kelly David H. Kirkwood & Annie Thomas Kaori Kitao Caral G Klein Barbara Klett Judith & Jonathan Kolker Milton & Fradie Kramer Karl Kroeber Leonard Kreynin Carmel Kuperman Lester Kushner & Harold I. Levine Richard Laster Raymond & Lyette Lavoie Gordon Leavitt Ira & Gloria Leeds Eliot & Jane Leibowitz Al & Sally Leizman Ronald Lemoncelli Barbara & Herbert Levy Stanley & Carol Levy Sheldon & Lucille Lichtblau Allon Lifshitz Vincent & Beth Lima Ross Lipman Joel & Diane Lipset Steven Lorch & Susanna KochanLorch Mary Ellen Low Barry Margolius Gaspar Marino Joan & Robert Matloff
Glossary Clutie: Left-handed. Collie: Coward. Corn: Any cereal grain, such as wheat, rye, barley, or oats. Coup (pronounced “cope�): To overturn or be overturned. Fair-day: Market day, when farmers in the general area meet to trade goods in the marketplace by day, and gossip in the tavern by night. Fornent: Opposite to, facing. Let(ting) on: To pretend; To disclose, reveal. Loanie: A lane. path, or private road leading to a house, or between fields on a farm. Mind: To remember; To pay attention to. Moidhered: Worried, bothered, confused, stupefied, bemused, bewildered, fatigued, harrassed. Nor: Than. Peelers: Police. The development of the Irish police force (the Royal Irish Constabulary) owes much to Sir Robert Peel, who first formulated plans for a uniformed, civil police force while he was Chief Secretary in Ireland, 1812-18. He reintroduced these plans when he became Home Secretary of Great Britain in 1822, thus establishing the first organized police force in the British Isles. (He is more usually remembered for his role in the creation a few years later of the London Metropolitan Police, also called peelers, or bobbies, after their founder.) At the local level, the RIC maintained a number of barracks in each district, usually housing four constables and their sergeant. Quare: Great, perfect. Also queer or rare. Sally-rod: Willow rod. Sang (in sang, by my sang): A mild expletive, such as By jingo!, My word! From the French sang, meaning blood. Sweet milk: Fresh milk, not buttermilk. Used to distinguish between the two in the days before refrigeration, when people churned their own butter and always had buttermilk on hand. Union workhouse, or Poor-house: Established through the Irish Poor Law of 1838, Irish poorhouses, were, if anything, even more miserable than their English counterparts, as excoriated by Charles Dickens in Oliver Twist and A Christmas Carol. Married couples would be separated, to sleep in cramped, unsanitary dormitories, on hard plank beds. Food was generally inadequate and to be eaten in total silence. Toilet facilities were primitive, and bathing without supervision usually not permitted. Inmates were typically put to unskilled hard physical labor, such as crushing bones. Conditions were altogether dehumanizing, and it would be difficult to exagger ate the horrific nature of the prospect, particularly for once well-off farmers like the Fergusons. Wheen: A few, a number. Whinbush: A thorny evergreen shrub with yellow flowers, also called a gorse bush, or furzebush.