NPT versus BSP

InNorth America, NPT (National Pipe Thread) is the standard thread used on nearly all plumbing fittings. NPT will be found on products sold in North America, whereas BSP (British Standard Pipe) is commonly used on UK and EU products. You will find BSP used in most other parts of the world.

There are two notable differences. NPT is flatter and sharper at the threads, where BSP is rounded, and the TPI will be the same on some of the smaller sizes, but will differ greatly on many sizes. The other issue that arises with either type of measurement is determining the size of the pipe. The nominal size refers to the internal diameter of the pipe, the actual functional area of the fitting or pipe where the medium (water, gas, etc.) would flow through it, as opposed to the overall size.

National Pipe Thread plumbing fittings are not interchangeable with British Standard Pipe fittings.

Most people would measure what they see, that is the outside diameter, which can cause confusion. Figure 1 compares the ID versus the OD, as well as the threads per inch (TPI) for each type of black iron pipe, which is a common way to connect to cast iron radiators. PEX and copper are good options to connect radiators as well, but they have their own ID/OD differences. Figure 1 is not an exhaustive chart, but the most common sizes used in radiator installation and service are shown.

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