The Problematic Structure of Extinction Rebellion

although Maro Itoje, the England rugby lock forward, and Raheem Sterling, the England football winger, have both been outspoken in discussing subtle racism in media coverage of sport. Racism, thankfully, is an issue that has always seen a strong player-led response, from the D’Oliveira affair prompting Apartheid South Africa’s exclusion from international sport to the recent UEFA EURO 2020 qualifier match between England and Bulgaria in Sofia on October 14th. In a widely lauded action, England Men’s football team finished the game in the face of appalling racial abuse from Bulgarian fans. The players unanimously deciding to remain on the pitch, even though they had been given the option of walking off. Bulgaria had already been hit with seat restrictions in punishment for previous incidents of racial abuse from fans, and this further occurrence warranted a two-match stadium ban and €75,000 fine from UEFA, the European football governing authority. The great and the good of the English game, including players such as Sterling who had played the match, were unanimous in their condemnation of the abuse. The answer to why English teams and individual sportspeople don’t tend to be overly politically involved is probably found in the mundane cocktail of contractual terms and protection of financial interests, general apathy and contentment with position, and strong boards more than capable of taking on all but the strongest episodes of industrial action. However, as the inherent power of the platform given to players participating in top-level sport grows, English sportspeople may shake themselves from their stupor of political inactivity and join the party.

By Radeyah Ullah

October 2019 saw the usually bustling City of London come to a standstill. For two weeks Extinction Rebellion protests engulfed the nation’s capital. However, the occupation of the city harvested hostility rather than the change the movement set out for. The ‘International Rebellion’ of nonviolent civil disobedience resulted in public turmoil, leaving Londoners, as well as many others, plagued with ill feelings towards the movement and the fight against climate change. Established in October 2018, and starting out with only 1500 protestors, Extinction Rebellion soon rapidly grew beyond London. With its first major protest in April 2019, the movement was then responsible for more action being taken across other cities such as Bristol, Manchester, and Leeds to name a few. Extinction Rebellion has only three aims: have the government declare there is a climate emergency, for Britain to be zero carbon by 2025, and the implementation of a citizens’ assembly to work towards these problems. The last of these demands is now coming into fruition, demonstrating the traction that Extinction Rebellion has gained and the potential it has to implement change. Despite its rapid growth, the rising prominence of Extinction Rebellion has been far from perfect. The movement is largely criticized for having unachievable aims, most notably with zero carbon being deemed more achievable by 2050. However, attention has now turned towards Extinction Rebellion’s structure and principles. The movement is guided by 10 principles, with its final principle currently dampening its status as a respectable movement: ‘we are based on autonomy and selfprinciple […] Anyone who follows these core principles and values can take action in the name of Extinction Rebellion’. This has been seen to come into practice in recent protests but has been identified as a potential risk to gaining widespread support. The view of Extinction Rebellion is rather utopian, overlooking the dangers of similar structure that has damaged other protest movements in the past. Instead, they pride themselves on a structure that encapsulates full transparency, allowing others to even read their constitution claiming they work towards being an inclusive movement. The inner workings and the structure of the Extinction Rebellion relies heavily on ‘circles’ with transparency in order to ensure that no individual attempts to seize power.

With this taken into consideration, it is important to consider how decentralization impacts the way in which protesters choose to take action Whilst decentralization has been seen as positive for Extinction Rebellion, combined with social media it has enabled its growth globally, this is not to say it has always reaped the rewards. The morning of the 17th October saw a small group of protesters under the Extinction Rebellion banner disrupt tube and train timetables as they climbed onto tube carriages and glued themselves to trains. The targeted trains had the destination of Canary Wharf, but it meant disruption in Stratford, Canning Town, and Shadwell. The events at Canning Town were seen as the center of controversy with footage of protesters being dragged off the top of the tube and attacked by commuters before being protected by staff went viral within hours on Twitter. The video attracted widespread attention on social media and national news with damaging criticism towards the movement. One of the clearest issues raised by the incident is the decentralized nature of Extinction Rebellion. It soon became apparent that an online poll was carried out amongst members whereby 72% answered that they were opposed to this form of action. Despite this, a small faction of the organization

historically and predominantly working class greatly undermines the appeal of the movement. Episodes like this only lend credibility to those who push the argument that Extinction Rebellion is perpetuating the class divide. Whilst it is heart-warming to hear prominent figures of Extinction Rebellion stand in solidarity with the protesters despite the fact they may not agree with their actions, it does not serve them well in the realm of public opinion. The story of Extinction decided to carry out the act. This is Rebellion is history repeating itself, a clear example of the dangers as seen with 15-M in Spain where posed by decentralization and how the Mossos branch has been democracy of the movement can criticized for being too aggressive be compromised. Whilst they in its approach to protesting. introduce themselves as inclusive, Furthermore, decentralized this has undoubtedly undermined movements have received criticism for lack of accountability. The “The inner workings and the structure of the structure makes it difficult for the leadership to be held accountable by those acting in their name.

Extinction Rebellion Moreover, these uncontrolled actions become harder to prevent relies heavily on ’circles’ under such conditions. It is clear that the decentralized with transparency in order to ensure no nature of Extinction Rebellion has so far proved to be a major problem, particularly when dealing individual attempts to with public perception of the movement. The incident at seize power.” Canning Town has left many feeling discontent with the controversial action of disrupting the credibility of those that identify public transport. This has fuelled with Extinction Rebellion. the growing image of Extinction The episode has further tainted the Rebellion as a white, middle-class image of Extinction Rebellion movement that alienates the providing critics with all the working class and ethnic minorities ammunition they need to question through their actions. the movement’s methods, There are lessons to be learnt from detracting from the much needed other decentralized protest discussion on the very real issues movements, where that have forced so many to take decentralization has created to the streets. division and confused the public Perhaps the biggest backlash for about their aims. The growth of Extinction Rebellion of the Extinction Rebellion might become incidents at Shadwell, Stratford and a wasted potential for furthering Canning Town is the risk of the environmental cause if they alienating the residents of those allow a misguided minority to act areas. It has been noted by many in their name, turning people away that the disruption of public from the fight against climate transport in areas that are change.

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