The Kids Rule! guide to Tudor England by English Heritage

T MA HE FOR GYAOZINE MEMBEUNG RS!

THE Kids RuLe! GUIDE TO…

TUDOR TEASERS

LOOK INSIDE…

Put your knowledge to the test

Kenilworth Castle

born to rule

How Henry VIII and his royal family transformed life in England

KING

FANTASTIC FEASTS

OF THE CASTLES Henry VIII’s amazing ‘device forts’

Take your selat for a roya banquet at Eltham Palace

Don’t be late for dinner!

• LOLS! • COOL TUDOR POSTER!

INSIDE • COMPETITION! • ELIZABETH I!

RrIfIC TETUDORS Introducing the royal family that changed the course of life in Britain forever

he Tudors are one of the most famous families in British history, changing the country forever during the 118 years they ruled England.

Starting with Henry VII, who took the crown after defeating the previous king, Richard III, in battle, they are most well-known for his son Henry VIII. He built lots of castles (see page 6), had six wives, set up his own church, destroyed the country’s monasteries and went from a handsome prince to an overweight king thanks to his love of food (see page 13).

His son, Edward VI, became king when he was nine years old but died a few years later. He had nominated his cousin Lady Jane Grey to be his successor. Her reign lasted just nine days before Edward’s older half-sister Mary overthrew her to become Queen Mary I.

LOL!

Wh Henry VIIyIdid h many wivaeve so s?

He liked to chop and change!

How many wives does one king need?!

Raleigh discovered new lands and even brought home treasure and new foods to try. At the same time, William Shakespeare was creating the plays that would make him the most well-known playwright in history.

All this change brought problems for ordinary people, though. Many left the countryside to live in towns but these were overcrowded and dirty (see page 8). Also, with the kings and queens changing religion, there was a lot of confusion over what faith to follow and people who refused to do what they were told were executed. But with new art and music, amazing buildings (see page 14) and lots of clever ideas, the country became a very exciting place.

BLOODY MARY

Mary was a Catholic who became famous for executing many Protestants who refused to follow her faith, so they were relieved when she died after serving five years as queen. Mary’s sister Elizabeth I lasted a lot longer and, under her rule, England became extremely wealthy and important around the world. Explorers such as Sir Francis Drake and Sir Walter

Tudor timeline How the Tudors ruled for 118 years, from Henry VII to Elizabeth I 02

1485

1509

1533

1534

Henry VII becomes the first Tudor king after winning the Battle of Bosworth.

Henry VIII is crowned king. He will soon marry Catherine of Aragon.

Catherine doesn’t give Henry what he wants, a son, so he divorces her and marries Anne Boleyn.

Because the Roman Catholic church won’t grant him a divorce, Henry VIII forms his own Church of England.

Bring THIS ISSUE TO LIFE! Look for the Blippar logo to discover extra cool stuff through a smartphone camera. Here’s how…

Ask a 1 grown-up to download the Blippar app to a phone or tablet

Launch 3 Blippar and fill the screen with the page you wish to Blip

Look out 2 for this symbol on pages that have Blippable content

Watch the 4 page come to life, giving you access to extra cool stuff!

WIN

A cool goody bag!

Make a mini Tudor mansion and send us a photo to enter!

We’re challenging you to design and make a model of a Tudor house! We’ve got a goody bag from the English Heritage online shop worth £100 to give away to the reader who designs the best mini house model. To find out how to enter, go to www.english-heritage.org.uk/kids and follow the instructions.

4

A day in the life…

6

Henry VIII’s castles

8

Tudor town castle poster

10

Berwick Castle guide

11

Quiz time

12

Interview with a Tudor cook

13

What’s for dinner?

14

Look inside…

15

Tudor fun

16

Fly your flag

Meet Frances at Ashby de la Zouch Castle

Introducing the king’s ‘device forts’

The next part of your mega timeline!

Discover life guarding the English border

How well do you know the Tudors?

Get a taste of life in a Tudor kitchen

Join us for a banquet at Eltham Palace

Kenilworth Castle in Warwickshire

More Tudor-themed jokes and games

Take part in our Love Castles activities

This magazine is published on behalf of English Heritage by Immediate Media Co. www.immediate.co.uk

see if you can find me on page 8!

For English Heritage Luke Whitcomb, Johanna Lovesey, Tersia Boorer, Tony Dike, Rebecca Thompson For Immediate Media Co Group editor Matt Havercroft Art editors Sam Freeman and Elaine Knight-Roberts Group production editor Oliver Hurley Account manager Joanne Robinson Senior account executive Georgina Luton Director Julie Williams Editorial director Dan Linstead Design director Will Slater Contributors Paul Pattison, Jeremy Ashbee, Adam Rees Illustration Wesley Robins

200448

Terms and conditions The closing date and time for entries is midnight on 14 September 2018.

The promoter is English Heritage. If you are under 13 you need permission from your parent/guardian before entering the competition. One winner will receive a goody bag of gifts from our online shop worth £100. For full terms and conditions go to www.english-heritage.org.uk/kids.

1536

1547

1553

1558

1603

Henry VIII executes Anne and gets married again to Jane Seymour, who gives him a son, Edward, a year later.

Three wives later, Henry VIII dies and the nine-year-old Edward becomes king.

Edward VI dies. His cousin Lady Jane Grey lasts only nine days as queen before Edward’s half-sister Mary I overthrows her.

‘Bloody Mary’, as she has become known, dies and her half-sister Elizabeth becomes the new queen.

Elizabeth I doesn’t have a child and the Tudor family line ends when she dies. The crown goes to James I, the first Stuart king.

03

A day in the life…

Meet Frances Anne, the daughter of an earl, at Ashby de la Zouch Castle in Leicestershire in 1544

Frances wakes up and goes to church for a service with her mother, Catherine, and younger brothers, Henry and William. She gets changed into a plain but elegant dress and puts on her gabled hood.

Breathe in girl, I’ll have a maid look at it after church!

This dress is tight, mother

Girls like Frances are taught how to be a good wife and how to look after a large household, in preparation for when her parents arrange for her to marry a rich and powerful man.

Not many children are educated, especially girls, so Frances is lucky to have a tutor schooling her at home in religious texts, Latin and maths.

It’s all Greek to me…

You’ll grow up to be an excellent wife, Frances

Hmmm, I’d rather learn archery

Frances spends the afternoon with her mother and maids-in-waiting in the day room. By spending time with her mother, she learns how to prepare feasts for the lord and his guests, such as the one that’s taking place tonight.

No, it’s Latin actually!

That’s a pretty rose, Frances

No, it’s my blood, I pricked myself!

Will we have enough wine mother?

Enough to impress King Henry himself!

One of the most popular pastimes for women of high rank was sewing and embroidery.

Frances is trying to make a flowery pattern for a dress but is having some trouble.

It’s only a butterfly!

The castle has some amazing gardens, which Frances loves to walk around on sunny days. She’s not allowed to go out on her own though, so a servant accompanies her on her walk.

Watch out my lady!

The Tudors loved sport and activities, including lawn bowls. Frances sees her father and brother Henry playing and asks to join in.

The lord has invited many guests from all around for a banquet tonight. The highlight of the feast is a wild boar cooked with an apple in its mouth.

Your brother needs some help.

I’m walloping him!

At least he has something to eat too!

May I join you father?

Grrr…

The entertainment at the feast is provided by a jester, who performs songs, jokes and tricks for the guests.

They call me the fool!

I think he’s talking about you!

I’ll tell father to marry you off to him if you’re not careful!

Plan a visit to Ashby de la Zouch Castle to see where Frances lived at www.english-heritage.org.uk/ashbydelazouch

Shore After separating from the Catholic church, Henry VIII prepared to defend his kingdom by building a chain of ‘device forts’ along the English and Welsh coasts many people were angry In 1539 with Henry VIII. He had divorced

his first wife, Catherine, without the permission of the Pope, made himself head of the church in England, and was destroying monasteries.

The Pope was furious because Henry had taken over religion in England. He tried to get the kings of Spain and France to gather armies to sail to England and remove Henry from power. Meanwhile, Henry prepared for war and came up with a plan (a ‘device’): he ordered the building of new castles on England’s east and south coasts, where invasion was most likely.

TLE DEAL CAS

astle & C s e w a St M is Castle n n e d n e P

Where? Cornwall

St Mawes Castle

These castles face each other across the River Fal in Cornwall. Their guns could cross fire to stop enemy ships getting in. The Fal would have been a perfect place for the enemy to capture and use as a base as it’s a long way from Henry’s main forces, hence Henry’s decision to build forts there.

DID YOU KNOW? Another Spanish Armada (not the famous 1588 one) headed for Pendennis and St Mawes in 1597.

Only a great storm stopped it.

Pendennis Castle 06

Where? Kent Deal Castle is one of three castles that guarded an important harbour near the point of shortest crossing of the Channel to France. The castle guns also overlooked a long beach where enemy troops might land, and from which the road to London was easy.

DID YOU KNOW? Anne of Cleves landed at Deal Castle in 1540, on her way to be Henry VIII’s third wife.

d Portlan Castle Where? Dorset This was built to guard Portland Roads, a huge natural harbour bordered by beaches on which the enemy might land. With only the small town of Weymouth close by, it would have been an ideal base for the enemy to use for a military campaign.

DID YOU KNOW? Window glass from the castle is probably the coat of arms of Henry Radclyffe, 4th Earl of Sussex, an Armada commander.

thing

h Castle Yarmout astle & Hurst C Where? Hampshire

These guarded the western entrance to the stretch of water known as the Solent, and the Isle of Wight. The island would have made a perfect base for the enemy – it’s just across the sea from the major ports of Southampton and Portsmouth, where there was also a big naval base.

R E D UN

FIRE

Cannons like this were used to defend Pendennis Castle on the Cornish coast, but can you tell which one of the three shadows below belongs to it?

DID YOU KNOW? The French fleet entered the Solent in 1545 but was beaten off by Henry VIII’s naval forces.

Yarmouth Castle Hurst Castle

A OVER TO YO U Wha

B

C DOWNLOAD our SPOTTER’S GUIDE TO HENRY VIII’S CASTLES Scan this page with Blippar (see page 3) or go to www.english-heritage.org.uk/kids UNDER FIRE ANSWER: B

td would h o you think it a soldie ave felt like a s r in army, w Henry VIII’s a it in g the dev in one ice f enemy or ts for the to at ta ck?

07

$ COLLECT

ALL 12 POSTERS!

This small Tudor town is typical of those across England, with crowded, filthy streets, a lot of trade taking place along the riverbank and tall timber-framed houses with shops at street level

Over to you!

• What are the people trading?

• What games are they playing?

• Why are there ruins of an abbey?

• What clothes are they wearing?

• Do you like their theatre?

Collect them all!

This is the seventh of 12 posters you can collect to make a mega timeline of English history. You can find the other six at www. english-heritage.org.uk/kids

On the

t n o r f e l t t ba CHANGING SIDES

Berwick-upon-Tweed used to be in Scotland, then England, then Scotland, then England. It changed hands many times in the wars fought between them.

NOW

Discover life on the war-torn border of England and Scotland during Tudor times at Berwick-upon-Tweed Castle

N

THE REMAINS OF THE DAY

In 1297, high w built around th alls were e town. The best castle and remains are the White Wal l and towers, which climb fr om the river.

d ha Berwick change 82 and has 14 in e tim the last d ever since. been in Englan ly fortified rong It had to be st d Henry VIII

by Henry VII an continued. ing because fight

WITHIN THESE WALLS s Part of the town wa lls defended with new wa of gn rei the in 0, by 157 re Elizabeth I. These we to s on nn ca for d ne desig keep the enemy out.

CARLISLE CASTLE Introducing the other border castle that helped Henry VIII to defeat the Scots The other main route between England and Scotland was on the west, guarded by another important castle and walled city, at Carlisle. In 1529, its walls and buildings were near to collapse. They were repaired by Henry VIII, and used as a base when his army defeated the Scots at Solway Moss, in 1542.

10

RE-UNITED KINGDOM

The governments of England and Scotland were united in 1707. But fighting was always possible and huge barracks were completed in 1721 to guard the border territory.

What’s missing?

In each line across or down, there must be 3 different images – none can be repeated in one line. Choose what image should be in each gap Choose answer:

ANSWERS (FROM LEFT TO RIGHT COLUMNS) Castle, Tudor rose (top) and castle (bottom), crown

NC E NATIONAL DEFEnds for

OR TUDTEASERS LOL!

QUIZ TIME

pee

Why as Henry VIIwli ke piece of wo a od?

He was good rulear

po

!

Put your knowledge to the test with our quick-fire questions

Tudor tried to ban football?

1 Which

2

Which former queen only ruled for nine days?

A Mary I B Lady Jane Grey C Elizabeth I

war came before 3 Which the Tudors?

A War of the Roses B Second World War C Hundred Years’ War D Star Wars

many children did 4 How Elizabeth I have?

Which of these did 5 explorer Walter Raleigh bring back to England from America?

was Mary I 8 Why nicknamed Bloody Mary?

A She kept grazing her knees B She liked tomato juice C She had lots of people executed.

9

Unscramble the following anagram to get the name of Henry VIII’s favourite ship:

A

R

M Y

S

O

R

Fill in the missing letters 10 to complete the names of these English Heritage abbeys that were destroyed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries?

A

A Potatoes B Hamburgers C Doughnuts

B

W

C

True or false: King Arthur 6 should have been king after Henry VII?

7

Can you name this famous playwright in disguise?

E

I E

A

I

B

A T

L

L X

how many did you get right?

1-3

Tame Tudor

Find out how you would get on in Tudor England with these challenges…

Learn the lingo

Can you learn to speak like a Tudor?

It’s easy to get started, you just need a few words to get going. See what sentences you can make.

You = Thou Your = Thine Please = Prithee Nice = Beauteous There = Yonder Eat = Dine

Wedding speech

Can you name Henry VIII’s wives in order? If you add a sneaky spelling mistake it’s easy as you just put their surnames in alphabetical order. See if you can recite them correctly in five minutes.

Catherine of ARAGON Anne BOLEYN Jane C-MOUR (remember it’s Seymour) Anne of CLEEVES Catherine HOWARD Catherine PARR

Dissolution decisions

3-6

Catherine above Parr

ch Take the allenge

7-10 Tudor best!

TUDOMETER

After Henry VIII set up his own Church he decided to get rid of the monasteries where Catholic monks and nuns lived and worshipped. The monasteries were grand buildings on rich land, and often the monks had lots of wealth. If you were one of Henry’s men who went to shut down a monastery what would you try to get for the king?

!

I RULE

Answers 1 Henry VIII tried to ban football despite being a fan and owning the first pair of football boots.

2 B Lady Jane Grey. 3 A War of the Roses. 4 0. 5 A Potatoes. 6 True. His first son was called Arthur, who sadly died, meaning his other son Henry became King Henry VIII. 7 William Shakespeare. 8 C She had lots of people executed. 9 Mary Rose. 10 Rievaulx, Whitby, Battle

11

Q&A

Interview with a Tudor cook

We sent young Members Olivia and Adham to Gainsborough Old Hall in Lincolnshire to try life working in a Tudor kitchen

O: What’s it like in the kitchen?

Always very busy! We’re up very early in the morning and can’t go to bed until Lord William has gone to bed, just in case he wants something to eat. There are always things to prepare for the next day too. I roast, I boil, I bake, I fry, I do absolutely everything and make sure the staff are doing it as well!

A: What do you have for the dessert?

Sir William likes lots of sugary, spicy things so there will be dishes with fruit in, there will be sweet wine from Spain and Portugal. I’ve also made some marchpane roses

kind of beetle called cochineal that makes a lovely pink colour.

O: What is marchpane?

O: Thank you for teaching us how to cook!

It’s almonds, egg yolks and sugar and you grind it all up and make it into a doughy, pasty stuff.

O: Oh, marzipan!

A: What do you use for the food colouring?

Watch the video Scan this page with Blippar (see page 3) or go to www.english-heritage. org.uk/kids

We use plants mainly. Parsley gives us green, special bark from brazilwood gives us red and we even have a special

Tudor cook Thomas Griffin

Kitchen-porterextraordinaire Adham

CLAIRE WOOD

Junior-cookin-the-making Olivia

using a mould and a chess board with biscuits as the counters.

12

LOLH! enry

did ting Why p get ? e e k ed marri d have l u o c So here wedding o m cake!

What’s for dinner?

Take your seat at this extravagant feast for King Henry VIII at Eltham Palace

Banquets and feasts were very popular during the medieval period but when Henry VIII came to power he took feasts to a whole new level. The kitchen at Eltham Palace was the size of 55 rooms and had 200 people cooking all sorts of food for the king and his guests. Up to 20 dishes were brought out during these feasts!

Swans and flowers

Meat

Friday fish

Some of the more exotic items on the menu were swans served with gold crowns and cooked peacocks. Flowers were used to make dishes look fancy.

From cows and sheep to wild boar and deer, the royal kitchens were forever roasting meat over fires on spits for Henry and his guests.

They ate everything – even cows’ udders!

The Tudors followed the Christian tradition of not eating meat on Fridays, so ate fish instead. They classed fatty whale meat as fish, and also beavers, whose tails they grilled.

Marzipan

Fruit

Wine and beer

This sweet paste is made from almonds, egg whites and sugar, and was often served throughout banquets.

You can still find it on cakes like Battenberg today.

Sweeter fruit and nuts would have been brought out at the end. Healthier vegetables such as peas, cabbages and lettuce were seen as poor people’s food.

In Tudor times, it was safer to drink alcohol than water, which was often dirty. Henry and his guests drank enough ale in one year to fill an Olympic swimming pool!

Make Tudor smartard!

We’ve got a recipe to make delicious Tudor smartard (sweet cottage cheese fritters)! To download the recipe, go to www.english-heritage.org.uk/kids and ask an adult to help.

13

Can I take a peek yet?

Look inside...

Kenilworth Castle

NOW

Robert Dudley spared no expense for Queen Elizabeth I’s stay in 1575

1

Gatehouse

The new gatehouse wasn’t strongly defended but it was a stylish building with comfortable rooms. Its turrets resembled those of medieval castles, and gave access to the roof.

2

THEN

Stable

This was built by Robert’s father in the 1550s, with elegantly-carved timber framing facing into the courtyard. It contained stalls for 50 horses. Queen Elizabeth had given Robert the title of Master of Horse.

3

Robert planted a spectacular pleasure garden for Queen Elizabeth.

As well as beds of flowers, herbs and fruit trees, it had ornamental buildings, an aviary with live songbirds, and a marble fountain.

4

LOL!

Garden

Leicester’s Building

Robert replaced part of the medieval building with a tower, containing chambers for the queen and her closest courtiers.

Decorated to the height of fashion, the building gave wonderful views of the park.

was theeen What in g Qu h t first beth I did a Eliz ending after aestchrone? to th !

Sat down

5

Tiltyard

The castle used to be surrounded by water – called a mere – which is no longer there. The entrance sat on a causeway across the water that Robert enlarged into a tiltyard where jousts could take place.

Discover more at www.english-heritage.org.uk/kenilworth 14

6

Caesar’s Tower

Robert converted this 12th-century tower into a banqueting house, overlooking the queen’s garden. On one of the corner turrets, he made the clocks stop at two o’clock, when the queen arrived.

E M I T R O D TU These jokes really stink!

More Tudor-tastic crafts, games and general silliness

LO

L! Ho VIII’swsdid Henry enter econd wif the p e She w alace? o amble uld in!

Make your own Tudor rose

The Tudor rose brought together the roses of the House of York and the House of Lancaster. You can make your own by cutting out each section of a rose from different pieces of cardboard, coloured paper or even fabric and then glueing them together on top of a cardboard base.

Spanish Armada battleships It’s your turn to recreate the battle between Queen Elizabeth I’s fleet and the Spanish Armada in 1588! Go to www.english-heritage.org.uk/kids to download our cool battleships game board and pieces. Now decide who is England and who is Spain, place your fleet on your board (out of sight), and take it in turns to guess which squares your opponent’s ships are in. The first to sink the other’s fleet is the winner!

Make a Tudor Fold a piece of 1 A4 paper in half. knot garden Dr aw a pattern and

The Tudors loved to make knot gardens, which wer e pretty patterns of hedges . Here’s how to make your own mini version.

Now that ’s im-cress-i ve

!

cut it out while folded. Open it up to reveal a symmetrica l pattern.

2

Get a piece of kitchen cloth.

Use your pattern as a stencil to cut it ou t.

Wet the cloth and place in a foil tray. Then add watercress seeds and place on a windowsill to grow .

3

six wives rhyme Learn the following verse to remember the fate of each of Henry VIII’s six wives:

Divorced, beheaded, died, divorced, beheaded, survived

fly a flag

for our

s e l t s a c Take part in our #lovecastles celebration this summer by downloading and flying a flag on a sandcastle

STEP 1

Ask an adult to download the flag template from

k/magazine

www.english-heritage.org.u

STEP 2

Print it off and follow the instructions to create your flag

STEP 3

Take your flag to the beach or a sandpit near you and build your sandcastle (see tips on right)

STEP 4

Follow the instructions on the flag download for details of how to enter your sandcastle in our national sandcastle

building competition!

SANDCASTLE BUILDING SECRETS

Top tips for building the ultimate mini-for tress on the beach

• Use moist sand. The best place to find this is below the tide line

• Start with a densely packed mound

of sand and keep adding to build up

• Make sure you’ve got the tools for the job plus a straw to clear excess sand

• Shave away sand in thin layers for more control when carving details

• Work from top to bottom to prevent falling sand ruining your creation