A ,EGACY 2ENEWING THE .ALAND 3CIENCE 2ELIGION AND /BJECTIVITY IN "UDDHISM AND THE 7EST *OSEPH ,OIZZO DA TRADITION OF "UDDHIST MIND SCIENCE AND !BSTRACT 4HIS PAPER VIEWS THE . .ALAND HEALING ARTS AS A CLASSICAL LEGACY OF GLOBAL SIGNIl CANCE PRESERVED IN THE RENAIS SANCE CIVILIZATION OF 4IBET &OCUSING ON THE PROSPECTS FOR BRINGING THIS TRADITION TO THE 7EST THE AUTHOR ATTEMPTS TO EXPOSE AND CORRECT ETHNOCENTRIC BIASES IN COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE 7ESTERN AND "UDDHIST SCIENTIl C TRADITIONS #OMPARING THE CRITIQUE OF SCIENCE IN THE POSTMODERN 7EST WITH THE CRITIQUE OF CONVENTIONAL GARJUNA KNOWLEDGE AND ACTION IN THE #ENTRIST 0HILOSOPHY -ADHYAMIKA OF . - .AG AND #ANDRAK RTI THE PAPER REVIEWS THE l NDINGS OF A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SCI ENTIl C EDUCATION IN SEVENTH CENTURY .ALAND . A AND IN THE CONTEMPORARY 7EST )N PARTICULAR IT COMPARES THE THERAPEUTIC AIMS AND QUALITATIVE METHODS OF "UDDHIST SCIENCE IN THE #ENTRIST TRADITION WITH THOSE OF THE PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC MIND SCIENCES OR HUMAN SCIENCES DESCRIBED BY 0AUL 2ICOUER AND OTHERS )NTRODUCTION
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UST OUTSIDE THE CAPITAL OF ANCIENT -AGADHA IN NORTHERN )NDIA THE LUSH | SUBURB OF .ALAND A WAS A TEACHING AND RETREAT SITE FAVORED BY 3AKYAMUNI "UDDHA -AHAV RA AND OTHER SAGES !CCORDING TO TRADITIONAL RECORDS BY THE THIRD "UDDHIST COUNCIL IT HAD BECOME THE MAIN CENTER OF LEARNING ANGIK FOR THE -AHAS AH SCHOOL A LIKELY PRECURSOR OF -AHAYANA "UDDHISM $EVELOPED BY THE l RST )NDIAN EMPEROR !SOKA THIRD CENTURY !| " # % AND BY THE -AHAYANA CHAMPION .AGARJUNA SECOND CENTURY # % .ALANDA BECAME )NDIA S l RST MONASTIC UNIVERSITY UNDER THE 'UPTA AND POST 'UPTA DYNASTIES n # % )T WENT ON TO PLAY AN INTERNATIONAL ROLE IN THE TRANSPLANT ING OF "UDDHIST LEARNING INTO #ENTRAL %AST AND 3OUTHEAST !SIA )TS ROLE IN PROPAGATION ENSURED THAT AFTER THE UNIVERSITY WAS DESTROYED DURING THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY ITS TRADITIONS SURVIVED ELSEWHERE )N 4IBET THE .ALAND A TRADITION REMAINED LARGELY INTACT UNTIL THE MID TWENTIETH CENTURY 3O IT WAS >HHJ: D8ID7:G