against the “colonization” of design research by external standards and processes of inquiry. 5) christopher Frayling (1993), often cited and rarely read, introduces the controversial distinctions between research into, for, and through art and design. We consider this a useful starting point for the development of a designerly paradigm of design research. 6) Bruce Archer (1995), a kind of “late work”, presents a clear and distinct summary of his position regarding design research. he uses the categorization of research about, for, and through design, and offers a consideration of the latter as the most interesting and most challenging one. 7) Alain Findeli (2008) is his precise attempt at clarifying the difference between scientific and designerly research and the epistemological characteristic of “project-grounded research”. 8) Ken Friedman (2003) tries to introduce the scientific categories of basic, applied, and clinical research into design research, and can be considered a manifesto for the adoption of classical scientific standards into design research. 9) John christopher Jones (undated) presents a deeply philosophical, poetic, and in a way timeless, account of practice, theory, and research in design.
part II: Research as Design: promising Strategies and Future possibilities The second essay, entitled “Research as Design: promising Strategies and possible Futures”, reflects design research in the light of science studies. First, the essay discusses central qualities of design as practice, referring to the discussion of “designerly” ways of knowing (see the first essay). Second, the essay introduces major insights from science studies, which are conceptualizing and empirically describing practices and processes of scientific research; major parallels between research processes and design processes are explored (research as design) as a basis for developing new perspectives on design research. Third, the essay looks at Design Fiction and critical Design as two current research programs that relate design research to science studies, and thus make it possible to identify promising strategies for design research, assembled in a Design Fiction Method Toolbox. This second essay is followed by excerpts from book chapters and scientific articles that discuss different aspects of scientific research. We differentiate three sections, assembling three papers for each:
INTRODucTION 5