Population Dynamics of Bactrocera Zonata (Tepritidae:Diptera) in Northern Karnataka Shreedevi S Juktihiremath, Shivaleela Biradar, Dr. Babu R L* Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology Karnataka State Akkamahadevi Women’s University, Vijayapura, Karnataka
METHODOLOGY
Bactrocera (Dipteral:Tephritidae) are polyphagous and invasive species throughout the world. Fruit flies attack fleshly fruit and vegetables cause serious damage to agriculture and horticulture crops. To identification and management this pest,determine the population dynamics and displacement capacities of these notorious pests, traps baited with methyl eugenol were used to trap fruit flies in the field. Flies were trapped in the field throughout the seasons in a year. The result exhibited distinct patterns of population dynamics. Keywords : Bactrocera spp, , Methyl eugenol ,Traps .
INTRODUCTION Insects are one of the most accomplished category of animals. Insects are referred as an ancient group (>450 million years ago) having diverse distribution throughout the world by taxonomically and complex evolutionary history (Sahney S., et all 2010, Speight M.R., et all 2005 ). Total organisms present on the earth constitute about three fourths part of insects. The fruit flies (Diptera:Tephritidae) are pervasive and destructives pests, found in all regions of the world. With the high genetic diversity and taxonomic complexity, fruit flies are considered as serious insect pest for horticultural and agricultural crops. Fruit flies have been identified as one of the ten most serious problems of agriculture, because of their polyphagous nature and cause a huge significant damage to fruits and vegetables in the Indo-Pak subcontinent (Rauf et al., 2013). Insects are closely 5000 species described under 500 genera of Tephritidae, in that 1400 species attack soft fruits. Of them fruit fly (Bactrocera spp) is most important insect pest
B. zonata can be monitored by different kinds of traps baited with the male lure methyl eugenol (O-methyl eugenol), which attracts male flies at very low concentrations (Qureshi et al., 1992). Traps were made by plastic container (by cutting the container one third from head and settling back to body). Three types of trapping agents (a)10 ul ME + 4 drops of local insecticides, (b) 10 ul cue lure + 4 drops of local insecticides, (c) 20 ml protein baits (prima) were prepared. Each trap was hanged around the 72-inch-high branch of host plants and more than 1000 m away from each other. Trapping managements were performed during 2019, 2020 in 3 location sites shown in the Table . Population Dynamics The attracting agent, ME were chosen to examine the population dynamic of B. zonata in the Karnataka northern region of Vijayapura, Raichur, Yadgiri from 2019-2020. Each trap was prepared with cotton wool soak of 10 ul methyl eugenol and 4 drops of local insecticides by refilling 30 days interval the whole year during 2019, and 2020. Data collected from the capture of B. zonata from different locations of northern region were calculated and graph was designed in Microsoft Excel 2010. Table 1: Study on mean population dynamics of fruit fly fauna in Yadagiri from June 2019 – February 2020.
Months
Jun-19 Jul-19 Aug-19 Sep-19 Oct-19 Nov-19 Dec-19 Jan-20 Feb-20
Species of fruit flies B. correcta B. dorsalis B. zonata
11.00 1.500 76.00 12.00 24.50 26.00 22.50 18.50 84.00
2.000 16.50 110.5 3.500 13.00 49.00 68.00 105.5 151.0
14.50 0.500 2.000 15.50 2.000 4.000 4.000 -
Z. Total no. cucurbitae of species 1.000 28.50 18.50 188.5 6.000 37.00 39.50 79.00 94.50 124.0 235.0
Figure 1: mean population dynamics of fruit fly fauna in Yadagiri from June 2019 – February 2020.
Table 2: Study on mean population dynamics of fruit fly fauna in vijayapura from June 2019 – February 2020.
Jun-19 Jul-19 Aug-19 Sep-19 Oct-19 Nov-19 Dec-19 Jan-20
Species of fruit flies B. correcta B. B. zonata dorsali s 99.00 8.000 30.00 196.0 14.00 34.50 71.50 26.00 1.500 85.50 11.00 37.00 99.00 7.500 4.000 98.50 2.000 2.000 48.50 7.500 647.0 4.500 -
Z. cucurbit ae 1 9.5
Total no. of spices 137.0 244.5 99.00 133.5 111.5 102.5 56.00 661.0
Feb-20
43.50
-
51.00
Months
Bactrocera zonata Adult Larve
Egg Infested mango fruit
-
Figure 3: mean population dynamics of fruit fly fauna in Raichur from June 2019 –February 2020.
CONCLUSION Figure 2: mean population dynamics of fruit fly fauna in Vijayapura from June 2019 –February 2020. Number of fruit flies in vijayapura
The study of the population dynamics provided the monitoring adults' pest fluctuation throughout the year. Based on the population dynamics, it may be concluded that detect abundant and rearing season of the pest studying impact of abiotic factors on population, and estimation number, time and duration of annual generation. Capturing adults, has been considered as main way to forecasting or management the pest.
REFERENCE 1. Drew RAI, Raghu S. 2002. The fruit fly fauna (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) of the rainforest habitat of the Western Ghats, India. Raffles Bull Zool. 50:327–352.
Table 3: Study on mean population dynamics of fruit fly fauna in Raichur from June 2019 – February 2020.
Months
Number of fruit flies in Yadagiri district B. dorsalis, Feb/24, B. correcta 151 B. dorsalis B. zonata B. dorsalis, Aug/23, B. dorsalis, Jan/24, 110.5 Z. cucurbitae 105.5 B. correcta, Feb/24, B. correcta B. correcta, Aug/23, 84 B. dorsalis, Dec/23, 76 B. dorsalis B. dorsalis, Nov/23, 68 B. zonata 49 Z. cucurbitae B. correcta, Nov/23, B. correcta, Oct/23, B. correcta, Dec/23, B. correcta, Jan/24, B. dorsalis, Jul/23, B. zonata, Sep/23, B. B. dorsalis, Oct/23, 26 B. correcta, Sep/23, B. zonata, correcta,Jun/23, Jun/23, 24.5 22.5 18.5 Z. cucurbitae, Sep/23, B. dorsalis, Sep/23, 16.5 B. correcta, Jul/23, 15.5 Z. cucurbitae, Jun/23, 14.5 Z. cucurbitae, Z. Jul/23, cucurbitae, Z. cucurbitae, Z. Oct/23, cucurbitae, Z. cucurbitae, Z. Z. cucurbitae, cucurbitae, Jan/24, 13Oct/23, 126 B. zonata, B. zonata, B. zonata, 4B. Dec/23, 4Feb/24, 11 Jun/23, B. dorsalis, 2 Jul/23, B. zonata, Aug/23, 2 3.5 2 Nov/23, B. zonata, 0.5 B. zonata, zonata, Feb/24, Jan/24, 0 1.50 Aug/23, 0 1 0 Nov/23, 0 Dec/23, 0 0
7.500
species of fruit flies
ABSTRACT
Jun-19 Jul-19 Aug-19 Sep-19 Oct-19 Nov-19 Dec-19 Jan-20 Feb-20
Species of fruit flies B. correcta B. B. zonata Z. dorsalis cucurbita Total no. e of spices 3.000 3.500 24.00 1.00 31.50 1.500 170.0 10.50 4.500 186.5 54.50 10.00 18.00 82.50 8.500 6.500 29.50 4.500 49.00 49.00 49.00 9.500 5.500 1.500 6.000 22.50 9.500 57.50 213.0 280.0 17.50 28.00 45.50 12.50 40.00 52.50
2. Choudhary JS, Naaz N, Prabhakar CS, Das B, Maurya S, Kumar S. 2014. Field guide for identification of fruit fly species of Genus Bactrocera prevalent in and around mango orchards. Technical booklets No. R- 43/Ranchi16. Ranchi: ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Research Centre, pp 1–16 3. Prabhakar CS, Sood P, Mehta PK. 2012c. Pictorial keys for predominant Bactrocera and Dacus fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) of north western Himalaya. Arthropods. 1:101–111. 4. Prabhakar CS, Sood P, Kapoor V, Kanwar SS, Mehta PK, Sharma PN. 2009. Molecular and biochemical characterization of three bacterial symbionts of fruit fly, Bactrocera tau (Tephritidae: Diptera). J Gen Appl Microbiol. 55:213–220.