C H A P T E R
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Ecosystem-Based Adaptation: Reducing Vulnerability
DURING THE COURSE OF HUMAN HISTORY, societies have often needed to manage the impacts of adverse weather events and climate conditions. Nevertheless, the pace of global change is now so rapid that additional measures will be required to reduce the adverse impacts of climate change in the near and long term. Moreover, vulnerability to climate change can be exacerbated by other stresses, including the loss of habitats and natural resources, reduction in ecosystem services, and land degradation. Adaptation is becoming an increasingly important part of the development agenda, especially in developing countries most at risk from climate change. An essential component of adaptation is the protection and restoration of ecosystems and the habitats, natural resources, and services they provide. The multiple benefits of goods and services afforded by biodiversity and healthy ecosystems are largely unrecognized and unrecorded in natural accounting. Enhanced protection and management of natural ecosystems and more sustainable management of natural resources and agricultural crops can play a critical role in adaptation strategies. Ecosystem-based approaches can contribute to adaptation strategies through the following: â– Maintaining and restoring natural ecosystems and the goods and services they provide â– Protecting and enhancing vital ecosystem services, such as water flows and water quality 49