Infant Mortality Rates
Figure 1.15
2000
OECD 2009
LAC 2009
Slovenia
Czech Republic
Belarus
Croatia
Estonia
Poland
Lithuania
Serbia
Hungary
Bosnia and Herzegovina Slovak Republic
Montenegro
Bulgaria
Macedonia, FYR Russian Federation Latvia
Ukraine
Turkey
2009
Romania
Albania
Moldova
Georgia
Armenia
Kazakhstan
Azerbaijan
Kyrgyz Republic
Uzbekistan
Turkmenistan
Tajikistan
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
EAP 2009
Source: World Development Indicators Database, World Bank, Washington, DC, http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-developmentindicators/. Note: EAP = East Asia and the Pacific. LAC = Latin America and the Caribbean.
mortality rate fell from 117 per 1,000 live births in 1990 to 93 in 2000 and 65 in 2009.
Fertility Rates
The substantial variation in the fertility rate across the region is consistent with the diversity observed in the demographic transition. The total fertility rate in 19 countries in the region is around 1.8 births per woman (figure 1.16). The Central Asian countries, which have younger populations, have high fertility rates, while countries with populations classified as aging or aged have fertility rates below the replace-
Figure 1.16
ment level and below the average in the OECD. Among the Central Asian countries, Tajikistan had the highest fertility rate (3.4) in 2009, and Turkmenistan had the lowest (2.4). In the region over the last two decades, total fertility rates have been diverse across countries and over time. During the 1990s, the total fertility rate fell in all countries in the region except Croatia. In some countries, such as Turkmenistan, the decline was considerable (from 4.5 in 1990 to 2.8 in 2000), while, in other countries, such as Montenegro, it was insignificant (from 1.87 in 1990 to 1.82 in 2000). However, during the last decade, the picture
The Evolution of the Total Fertility Rate, 1990–2009
Total Fertility Rate
3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 EAP
OECD
LAC
ECA
Source: World Development Indicators Database, World Bank, Washington, DC, http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-developmentindicators/. Note: EAP = East Asia and the Pacific. ECA = Europe and Central Asia. LAC = Latin America and the Caribbean.
Gender Issues in Human Capital
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