di Dott. Alfredo Caminiti traduzione Martin Gani cardiac arrest. Management of a paediatric patient suffering from an obstruction of the respiratory airways described above varies depending on the degree of obstruction and the age of the child. PARTIAL OBSTRUCTION Efficient coughing - crying - verbal answers to questions - responsive Any action to remove the obstruction is unadvisable as this may potentially transform a partial obstruction into a total one. The child should be calmed down, allowed to stay in the position it prefers, must be encouraged to cough and taken to the nearest A&E (Accident and Emergency). If possible, oxygen should be given. TOTAL OBSTRUCTION Inefficient coughing - can’t make any sound - doesn’t cough - cyanosis appears - consciousness deteriorates This is an emergency, action must be taken promptly to remove the obstruction, increase the pressure inside the chest and stimulate artificial coughing. OBSTRUCTION REMOVAL METHODS BABIES Tapping between the shoulders -Position the baby face down on the forearm of the rescuer -Keep the forearm on the thigh of the baby to maintain balance -Hold the head of the child tilted upwards in relation to the body -Tap five times between the shoulder blades Chest Compression
-Position the baby on the forearm of the rescuer -Hold the head of the baby tilted upwards -Give five chest thrusts in the inferior third sternum area Young Children Tapping between the shoulders -Position the child face down on the thighs of the rescuer kneeling on the floor -Hold the head of the child tilted upwards -Tap five times between the shoulder blades Abdominal Compression -Stand behind the child who may be sitting or standing -Position the arms under those of the child and embrace him to apply the so-called Heimlich Maneuver -Give five thrusts What is the most common cause of respiratory airway obstruction in babies and young children? a)Food b)Foreign body c)Mucus d)Tongue falling back into the airway (swallowing one’s tongue) In the case of airway obstruction by a foreign that body that nevertheless allows some passage of air, what should the rescuer do? a)If possible, give oxygen b)Encourage the patient to cough c)Call an ambulance or take the patient to the nearest A&E if the obstruction persists d)All of the above Treatment of babies suffering total 24
obstruction of the airways necessitates a)Tapping between the shoulder blades and chest thrusts b)Tapping between the shoulder blades and abdominal thrusts c)Abdominal thrusts d)Heimlich Maneuver Heimlich maneuver is carried out a)In unconscious children b)In conscious children with a powerful cough c)In conscious children with a total obstruction of the respiratory airways d) In conscious babies with a total obstruction of the respiratory airways During a birthday party if a young child swallows a foreign body and starts to violently cough, what should be done? a)Carry out the Heimlich Maneuver b)Alternate blows to the back with chest thrusts c)Try to remove the foreign body from the mouth d) Encourage the child to cough and monitor Getting ready to carry out the Heimlich Maneuver the thumb of the rescuer forms a ‘C’ with the index finger which joins a)The xiphoid process (an extension of the lower sternum) and symphysis pubis (the joint at the front of the pelvis) of the patient b)The xiphoid process and jugular notch of the patient c)The xiphoid process and inferior third sternum of the patient d)The xiphoid process and the bellybutton of the patient