145 If all Ahď€ŞÄ dÄŤth pertaining to music are examined, the real picture which comes to light is that musical gatherings possessed various objectionable elements in them. The most prominent among them included lewdness and liquor consumption. Slave-girls used to dance before inebriated gatherings, where lewdness was rampant and promiscuity prevailed. They were a means of stimulating base emotions in people. There has been narrated in the Sahčh of Al-BukhÄ rÄŤ one such incident from which the extent to which such gatherings of music and dance had reached can be imagined. It took place right after the battle of Badr:
Appendix: Brief Biographical Notes
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