Revista Sociedad Colombiana de Oftalmología - Volumen 42 (2)
Resultados: 213 pacientes con rango de edad entre 5-84 años cumplieron criterios de inclusión. La prevalencia de RD fue 18.3% y de EMD 1.47%. La prevalencia DM tipo 2 fue 86.85%, con tiempo de evolución de 6.8 años (0 – 37 años). La prevalencia de RD no proliferativa leve fue de 11.7% y la prevalencia EMD severo de 1.47%. Los únicos factores de riesgo significativos fueron la nefropatía diabética (p=0.002), glicemias mayores a 159 mg/dl (p=0.000) y HbA1C mayor de 8.9% (p=0.004). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de RD en pacientes diabéticos en consulta privada de diabetes y retina entre años 2000-2007 es 18.3%. Los factores de riesgo relacionados con desarrollo de RD fueron nefropatía diabética, glicemia y HbA1C. La RD no proliferativa leve y EMD severo fueron los hallazgos más frecuentes. El estrato socioeconómico alto podría ser factor protector para DM y RD. Se necesitan estudios en población general para determinar prevalencia de RD en nuestro medio. Palabras clave: prevalencia, retinopatía diabética, factores de riesgo, consulta privada
Abstract Purpose: Describe the prevalence and risk factors involved in the development of diabetic retinopathy in diabetic patients that attended the diabetes and retina clinics from the year 2000 to June 2007. Methods: Descriptive observational study to determine the prevalence of DR followed
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by an analytical observational study to identify risk factors related to the development of the disease. Data were taken from clinical records. The findings were classified according to the international scales for DR and DME. Results: 213 patients between 5-84 years old accomplished inclusion criteria. The prevalence of DR was 18.3% and the prevalence of DME was 1.47%. The prevalence of type 2 DM was 86.85%, with a mean evolution of 6.8 years (immediate- 37 years). The prevalence of mild NPDR was 11.7% and the prevalence of severe DME was 1.47%. The risks factors associated to the development of diabetic retinopathy were the presence of diabetic nephropathy (p=0.002), glycemic levels above 159 mg/dl (p=0.000) and HbA1C above 8.9% (p=0.004). Conclusions: Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in our patients was 18.3%. It is a lower prevalence than the reported worldwide. Risk factors related with diabetic retinopathy were the presence of diabetic nephropathy, glycemic levels and HbA1C levels. The most frequent findings in our study were mild NPDR and severe DME. High socioeconomic status could be a protection factor for DM and DR. Further studies are warranted in the general population to determine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in our society.
Introducción La diabetes mellitus (DM) es un problema de salud pública muy importante en el mundo. La prevalencia de la diabetes a nivel mundial