2025–2026 Vermont Chamber Legislative Biennium Report

2025 - 2026

LEGISLATIVE BIENNIUM REPORT

The Vermont Chamber of Commerce is dedicated to advancing the Vermont economy.

Trusted by the businesses that make living, working, and thriving in Vermont possible, we prioritize collaboration and uphold the core values that define our state. As the preeminent not-for-profit business organization, we advocate, build community, and provide resources for businesses statewide.

FROM PLANNING TO POLICY TO ACTION A Biennium Reflection from President Amy Spear

As we reflect on the 2025–2026 legislative biennium, we are reminded of both the responsibility and the opportunity that come with representing Vermont’s diverse and resilient business community during a period of extraordinary change. Over the past two years, Vermont businesses have faced rising costs, workforce shortages, housing constraints, healthcare affordability challenges, shifting federal priorities, and growing economic uncertainty. At the same time, our state continued to confront long-term challenges tied to demographics, competitiveness, and affordability.

Against this backdrop, the Vermont Chamber remained focused on advancing pragmatic, data-informed solutions grounded in the realities facing employers across the state. We advocated for policies that improve affordability, expand opportunity, modernize systems, and support long-term economic growth.

This biennium also marked an important shift in Vermont’s economic conversation.

Through the Vermont Economic Action Plan, shaped by more than 5,000 Vermonters, we helped establish a shared roadmap for workforce growth, housing development, and economic vitality. The launch of the Vermont Competitiveness Dashboard and Business Climate Survey further strengthened Vermont’s ability to connect data, policy, and action. Together, these efforts are helping create a more coordinated approach to solving the challenges that impact businesses, communities, and working Vermonters.

Without legislative supermajorities, policymaking increasingly required collaboration and coalition building. Encouraging developments, including the launch of the bipartisan Caucus for Vermont’s Economy, reflected a growing recognition that Vermont’s economic challenges require sustained attention and bipartisan solutions. As the caucus continues to grow, it represents a promising opportunity to build long-term momentum around the policies and investments needed to strengthen Vermont’s future.

Meaningful progress was made during this biennium. Legislation advanced to support the construction of more homes, strengthen economic development tools, create new pathways for workforce growth, and begin the difficult work of addressing rising healthcare costs. Innovative businesses gained access to new opportunities, and important groundwork was laid for future reforms. Yet Vermont’s affordability challenges will not be solved in a single session or a single biennium. Lasting progress requires sustained leadership, long-term thinking, and a willingness to work together toward shared goals.

These outcomes were made possible by our engaged members and our trusted relationships with policymakers and partners across sectors. Together, we strengthened the voice of Vermont’s business community while helping shape a more strategic conversation about Vermont’s future.

Thank you for your partnership and continued commitment to advancing Vermont’s economy.

Amy Spear President Vermont Chamber of Commerce

ADVANCING THE VERMONT ECONOMY MEMBER-DRIVEN, DATA INFORMED

The Vermont Chamber represents businesses of every size, in every industry, across the whole state. Through trusted advocacy, data-informed policy leadership, and strong member engagement, we ensure Vermont businesses have a voice in the decisions shaping our economy.

OUR GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS TEAM

EXPERIENCED | TRUSTED | DETERMINED | CONNECTED The Vermont Chamber advocacy team brings a wealth of experience in legislative affairs, economic development, and business advocacy. They are committed to providing valuable guidance and fostering an environment where all businesses can thrive.

AMY SPEAR President

MEGAN SULLIVAN

VP of Goverment Affairs

JEREMY LITTLE

Policy & Outreach Assoc.

JOSH DIAMOND Special Counsel

ADVOCACY IN ACTION The Vermont Chamber ensured Vermont’s business community had a strong and consistent voice in Montpelier throughout the biennium. From committee testimony to bill tracking and coalition engagement, our work connected business realities to policy decisions and helped advance solutions focused on affordability, competitiveness, and long-term economic vitality.

87

1904

16

Number of times Chamber staff testified before legislative committees.

Number of committee hearings monitored by Vermont Chamber staff.

Number of legislative interns working alongside Chamber team members.

CAUCUS FOR VERMONT’S ECONOMY

THE LAUNCH OF A NEW CAUCUS FOCUSED ON THE ECONOMY During the 2026 legislative session, lawmakers launched the bipartisan Caucus for Vermont’s Economy to advance policies that strengthen Vermont’s competitiveness and expand opportunity statewide. Led by co-chairs Rep. Abbey Duke and Rep. Ashley Bartley, the caucus brings together House and Senate members to focus on housing, workforce challenges, affordability, regulatory modernization, and business competitiveness.

In its first year, the caucus heard from Vermonters about challenges navigating permitting processes and explored ways to improve coordination, predictability, and efficiency across state government. For the Vermont Chamber, the caucus is an encouraging step toward a more coordinated, solutions-oriented approach to Vermont’s economic future, helping turn economic data into action for businesses, communities, and working Vermonters.

LEADERSHIP Rep Abbey Duke, Co-Chair

Rep Ashley Bartley, Co-Chair

Rep Jonathan Cooper, Clerk

Rep Chris Morrow, Communications

Rep Kate Lalley, Communications

Rep Debbie Dolgin Rep Lori Houghton Rep Jim Masland Rep Carol Ode Rep Larry Satcowitz Rep Candice White

Rep Marty Feltus Rep Chris Keyser Rep Tony Micklus Rep Herb Olson Rep Shawn Sweeney Rep Kirk White

Rep Lisa Hango Rep Emilie Kornheiser Rep Marc Mihaly Sen Andrew Perchlik Rep Mike Tagliavia Rep Theresa Wood

Sen Wendy Harrison Rep Emilie Krasnow Rep Rob North Rep Chris Pritchard Rep Dara Torre Rep Dave Yacovone

MEMBERS Rep Karen Dolan Rep Zak Harvey Rep Karen Lueders Rep Kate Nugent Sen Kesha Ram Hinsdale Sen Ann Watson

Rep Kate Lalley, Rep Ashley Bartley, Rep Abbey Duke, and Rep Jonathan Cooper from the Caucus for Vermont’s Economy at the State House.

LEGISLATIVE OUTCOMES PROGRESS AND CHALLENGES

LEGISLATIVE ACTIONS

KEY BILLS IMPACTING BUSINESS RESILIENCE AND GROWTH Record-high government spending in recent years was largely supported by one-time federal pandemic relief funding. As we entered the 2025-2026 biennium, these federal dollars were no longer available, presenting a critical challenge: returning state spending to a sustainable level. Despite the economic uncertainty, the majority in the legislature remained focused on maintaining high levels of government spending, introducing new state revenue sources to fund initiatives. While these efforts were well-intentioned, the state faces a significant affordability crisis affecting businesses, individuals, and families.

Sustainable, incremental changes are essential to ensuring a robust and resilient economy.

Even with these financial pressures, several key bills addressing the needs of Vermont's business community successfully moved through the legislative process this biennium.

Moreover, a number of proposed tax increases that would have further strained Vermont's economic climate were defeated. In the following sections, we provide an overview of critical legislation, roll call votes, and additional details on bills that aim to support businesses and help build a more resilient future for Vermont's economy.

PASSED LEGISLATION

SHAPING VERMONT'S BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT AND ECONOMIC FUTURE

2025 BILL

H.35

H.238

H.266

H.339

ISSUE

Healthcare Markets

PFAS

Healthcare, Drug Pricing

Alcohol To Go

WHAT BUSINESSES NEED TO KNOW Summary: Vermont’s individual and small group health insurance markets will remain permanently separated, reversing the plan to have them merge in 2025. The Vermont Chamber testified in favor of this bill.

What It Means for Business: The unmerging prevents small group insurance rates from being affected by the typically higher costs of the individual market.

Summary: The selling of cleaning products, dental floss, and fluorinetreated containers containing PFAS will be phased out in 2032 and 2028 for cookware.

What It Means for Business: These changes mark progress toward regional alignment. The extended cookware timeline provides businesses with food service time to transition to alternatives.

Summary: In 2026, a price cap will be implemented for certain intravenous outpatient prescription drugs, limiting cost to no more than 120% of the average US sales price.

What It Means for Business: This act will reduce 2026 increases in health insurance rates for the small group markets by 4% and reduce the cost of care for those seeking treatment.

Summary: The alcohol to-go program is now permanent, allowing establishments to sell alcoholic beverages for off-premises consumption alongside to-go food orders.

What It Means for Business: Businesses can permanently offer alcohol togo, codifying revenue sources, meeting consumer demand, and allowing for long-term planning.

2025 CONTINUED BILL

H.454

ISSUE

Education1

WHAT BUSINESSES NEED TO KNOW Summary: Timelines and working groups were established to revise school district boundaries, funding formula, class sizes, and student weighting. The bill proposed a business-only property tax classification, which treated businesses as a valve to stabilize other taxpayers. The proposal was ultimately removed following unified action from the business community and Governor.

What It Means for Business: Though immediate cost containment remains elusive, this sets the stage for mitigating the cost of education and creating a more affordable system.

H.461

H.481

H.482

H.491

Unpaid Leave

Stormwater Management, 3Acre Rule

Healthcare Oversight

Property Tax Yields1

Summary: This law expands eligibility for unpaid leave under Vermont's Parental and Family Leave Act and expands eligible leave types for employees, including safe leave and bereavement leave.

What It Means for Business: Employers must accommodate the expanded definitions and eligibility criteria. This may result in a broader range of leave requests, potentially impacting staffing and operating costs.

Summary: Vermont's stormwater management regulations, particularly concerning the ‘3-acre rule,’ were extended.

What It Means for Business: Developers and property owners gain time to comply with costly stormwater permitting, improving financial and logistical planning.

Summary: The Green Mountain Care Board (GMCB) was granted the authority to adjust hospital reimbursement rates if the domestic health insurer is at imminent risk of insolvency. The act also allows the GMCB to appoint a hospital observer.

What It Means for Business: The solvency of Vermont’s sole domestic health insurer is essential to preserving the employer-sponsored benefits available to Vermont’s workforce.

Summary: Average property tax increases were uniformly increased by an average of 1.1%, offset by $77.2 million in one-time funds.

What It Means for Business: Commercial property owners saw the same tax increase as homestead owners. While the buydown ensured shortterm stability, it created a larger funding gap heading into 2026.

Summary: The $9.1 billion budget with a 5-year, $3 billion increase made investments in workforce development, housing, and infrastructure.

H.493

S.51

1

2026 State Budget1

Tax Policy, Workforce Incentives1

What It Means for Business: Large budget growth raised concerns in the context of Vermont’s affordability crisis and uncertain federal funding. Still, targeted investments were made to ease labor shortages and support economic growth.

Summary: A new tax credit package was enacted to improve affordability for current and prospective Vermont residents. Key provisions include a military retiree exemption that fully exempts pension income up to $125,000, with a gradual phase-out between $125,000 and $175,000.

What It Means for Business: The exemption is a strategic move to attract and retain military retirees and their families, strengthening Vermont’s workforce and economy.

This bill contains Senate and/or House roll call votes listed later in this report.

2025 CONTINUED BILL

S.122

S.126

S.127

1

ISSUE

Economic Development

Healthcare Reform1

Community Housing Infrastructure Program1

WHAT BUSINESSES NEED TO KNOW Summary: The Legislature passed an economic development bill supporting trade, tourism, and small business growth while improving administrative efficiency.

What It Means for Business: These provisions aim to enhance Vermont's economic competitiveness, support diversity in entrepreneurship, and attract a skilled workforce.

Summary: This act seeks to reform Vermont’s healthcare system through Reference-Based Pricing, reduced hospital spending, and a new statewide healthcare delivery plan.

What It Means for Business: A more sustainable, cost-effective healthcare system will help employers maintain affordable coverage and support workforce health.

Summary: To address Vermont’s housing crisis, the Legislature created the Community Housing Infrastructure Program (CHIP), a financing tool to help fund housing-related infrastructure.

What It Means for Business: By easing workforce housing shortages and expanding infrastructure, this act supports talent attraction, employee retention, and economic growth.

This bill contains Senate and/or House roll call votes listed later in this report.

2026 BILL

H.512

ISSUE

Event Ticketing

WHAT BUSINESSES NEED TO KNOW Summary: Establishes new ticket resale requirements, including a 110% cap on resale prices, a ban on speculative ticket sales, and protections against deceptive resale practices.

What It Means for Business: Creates a fairer and more transparent secondary ticket marketplace.

H.583

H.907

H.915

Private Equity in Healthcare

Sister State

Beverage Redemption

Summary: Requires health care businesses with hedge fund or private equity investment to report significant business information to the Green Mountain Care Board and Health Care Advocate.

What It Means for Business: Sets a concerning precedent by requiring privately held businesses to disclose confidential information to an independent nonprofit.

Summary: Establishes a process for formalizing international relationships that support trade and economic collaboration.

What It Means for Business: Expands opportunities for international partnerships and trade.

Summary: Restructures Vermont’s bottle redemption system through a Producer Responsibility Organization (PRO) model. Until full implementation, distributor handling fees increase by one cent.

What It Means for Business: Increased handling fees will add millions in new costs for beverage manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and ultimately consumers.

2026 BILL

H.921

H.933

H.949

H.951

H.955

ISSUE

WHAT BUSINESSES NEED TO KNOW

Alcohol

Summary: Allows small-scale alcoholic beverage manufacturers to directly distribute up to 3,000 barrels annually and expands off-premises sales flexibility.

What It Means for Business: Expanded distribution and off-premises sales flexibility will help support growth opportunities for small and medium-sized brewers.

Tax Conformity, Research & Development, Transportation Fund

Yield, Property Taxes, Excess Spending Threshold

Budget

Education, Tax Classification

Summary: Increases the state R&D Tax Credit from 27% to 75% of the federal credit and raises the cap from $3 million to $4 million. Other key provisions include restoring immediate expensing of qualified research expenditures (QREs) for smaller businesses (less than $31 million in annual receipts), expanding the Down Payment Assistance Program, and providing additional Transportation Fund support.

What It Means for Business: Enhancements to the R&D tax credit improve regional competitiveness and lower the cost of innovation.

Additional provisions support affordability, infrastructure investment, and workforce development.

Summary: Increases average property tax rates by 3.5%, offset by $100.9 million in one-time funds. The bill also lowers the threshold for excess education spending, increasing penalties for substantial increases to school budgets.

What It Means for Business: The use of one-time funds helped moderate property tax increases in the short term, but businesses continue to face uncertainty until structural reforms address the underlying drivers of education spending.

Summary: The FY27 budget makes investments in workforce development, housing, and infrastructure. However, some proposed investments were reduced or funded on a one-time basis rather than ongoing support.

What It Means for Business: Continued budget constraints raise concerns in the context of Vermont’s affordability crisis. Still, targeted investments in workforce and housing may ease labor shortages, strengthen retention, and support economic growth.

Summary: Modernizes Vermont's education system by encouraging regional school governance, expanding shared services, and transitioning to a new funding model designed to improve educational opportunities while slowing long-term cost growth.

What It Means for Business: This represents a significant step toward a more sustainable education system, though its long-term impact will depend on effective implementation and continued fiscal discipline.

Summary: Establishes a comprehensive consumer data privacy law that gives Vermonters new rights over their personal information while setting standards for how businesses collect, use, and share data.

S.71

1

Data Privacy1

What It Means for Business: Beginning in 2028, businesses that handle consumer data will need to implement new privacy compliance practices, increasing administrative and operational responsibilities while benefiting from a regionally compatible and predictable statewide regulatory framework.

This bill contains Senate and/or House roll call votes listed later in this report.

2026 CONTINUED BILL

S.173

ISSUE

Vocational Rehabilitation

WHAT BUSINESSES NEED TO KNOW Summary: Updates the state's workers' compensation vocational rehabilitation system by expanding injured workers' access to rehabilitation services while creating a working group to recommend additional reforms.

What It Means for Business: Employers and workers' compensation insurers may face additional responsibilities for providing and coordinating vocational rehabilitation services, with the goal of helping injured employees return to work more effectively.

Summary: Establishes a primary care payment reform program that shifts participating providers toward prospective, population-based payments to strengthen primary care and improve access.

S.197

S.212

S.313

S.325

S.327

Primary Care

Water Connections

Career Technical Education (CTE)

Land Use, Act 2501

Economic Development

What It Means for Business: For employers and health insurance purchasers, the bill aims to improve the stability and availability of primary care while potentially influencing future health insurance costs and benefit design.

Summary: Regulatory changes streamline water connection permitting and improve coordination between municipal and state systems.

What It Means for Business: Reduced permitting timelines and improved efficiency may lower construction costs and support business expansion.

Summary: The CTE system will undergo comprehensive reviews and updates to support integration with broader education reform efforts.

What It Means for Business: A more aligned CTE system will strengthen workforce training and improve employer engagement, helping support the recruitment of skilled, job-ready workers.

Summary: Targeted changes were made to Act 181, including the repeal of Tier 3 and road rule provisions and the addition of legislative oversight of permitting agencies.

What It Means for Business: Repealed provisions reduce regulatory barriers, though broader Act 250 reform remains ongoing. Additional oversight may help improve accountability and permitting efficiency.

Summary: Businesses gain access to C-PACE financing, expanded Rural Industry Development Program eligibility, and cash rounding to the nearest nickel. The bill also creates a hospitality and culinary apprenticeship pilot and education study, repeals the VEGI sunset, and reduces the program's annual incentive cap.

What It Means for Business: Investments support long-term workforce and economic development needs.

S.328

1

Housing

Summary: Advances a broad housing package that expands financing tools, streamlines housing development, updates common interest community laws, and strengthens local and state housing planning.

What It Means for Business: Improved development tools and efficiencies will support housing production, workforce attraction, and long-term economic growth.

This bill contains Senate and/or House roll call votes listed later in this report.

LEGISLATION THAT STALLED

MIXED OUTCOMES: WINS AND MISSED OPPORTUNITIES

2025 BILL

ISSUE

WHAT BUSINESSES NEED TO KNOW

25-0653

Right To Sit

Summary: A proposed employer mandate would have required employers to provide seating for employees while working. Following Chamber advocacy, the proposal did not advance.

S.135

Swipe Fees

Summary: Credit card fees on tax or gratuity portions of transactions would be prohibited and cash acceptance for purchases would’ve been mandated under this bill.

BILL

ISSUE

WHAT BUSINESSES NEED TO KNOW

H.348

Extreme Temperatures

Summary: Chamber advocacy helped prevent proposed regulations tied to broad temperature thresholds that would have created burdensome regulatory requirements within routine, day-to-day operations.

H.459

Workers Comp, Paid Family Leave

Summary: Following Chamber advocacy, a proposal to prohibit the concurrent use of Workers Compensation and Parental and Family Medical Leave did not advance.

H.585

Association Health Plans

Summary: Implementation of association health plans to create new health care options for small businesses and entrepreneurs did not advance.

H.718

Building Energy Code

Summary: Proposed changes to the residential building energy standards would have created structural updates to Vermont’s residential building standards framework for residences with fewer than three dwelling units.

H.758

Rodenticides

Summary: Following Chamber and stakeholder advocacy, a proposal to broadly ban anticoagulant rodenticides commonly used by food-related facilities to prevent rodent infestations stalled this session.

S.230

Flexible Working Arrangements

Summary: Chamber advocacy helped prevent proposed regulations that would have imposed new requirements on Vermont employers, limiting employer discretion over workplace scheduling and location decisions.

S.247

Plastics, Recycling

Summary: This proposal would have banned certain plastics and advanced recycling processes, broadly impacting Vermont’s medical, maple sugaring, and manufacturing sectors.

Wetlands

Summary: Proposed rules by the Scott administration would have supported higher-density development in designated growth areas, helping address housing shortages, discouraging sprawl, and preserving wetlands.

2026

Rules

26-0804

1

Tax Policy

1

Summary: Proposed taxes that would’ve been among the highest in the nation on income from pass-through businesses, investment proceeds, and high-income earners were taken up by both chambers. Following Chamber advocacy, the policy was dropped from consideration.

This bill contains Senate and/or House roll call votes listed later in this report.

SHAPING VERMONT’S FUTURE CONNECTING PEOPLE, IDEAS & ACTION

THE POWER OF CIVIC ENGAGEMENT BUILDING A MORE ENGAGED VERMONT

A strong economy depends on engaged citizens, informed voters, and leaders who are invested in the future of their communities.

The decisions made in Montpelier directly impact Vermont businesses, employees, and communities. That's why the Vermont Chamber encourages employers to support civic participation and help their teams engage in the democratic process.

REGISTER TO VOTE In Vermont, individuals may register to vote at any time, including on Election Day. Registration is available online through Vermont Online Voter Registration, by mail, or in person at a Town or City Clerk's Office during regular business hours. Employers can share this Sample Employee Email with information on how to register.

Important election dates include the Statewide Major Party Primary on August 11, 2026, and the General Election on November 3, 2026.

Online voter registrations should be submitted by the Friday before Election Day to allow time for processing. After that date, voters may need to register in person.

HOW TO VOTE Employers can help increase participation by sharing information about the many ways Vermonters can vote. Here is a Sample Email to Send Your Employees and materials to help communicate voting deadlines, absentee ballot deadlines, links to polling locations, and more.

POLLING INFORMATION In-Person Voting All polling places open between 5am and 10am and close at 7pm on Election Day View all polling locations in Vermont on this map.

Find your polling place at My Voter Page.

Absentee Voting Request a ballot at My Voter Page or in person at the town clerk’s office by 5pm on the day before the election Submit your ballot by mailing it back in or depositing your ballot in a drop box if your town has one (list of all ballot drop box locations), by 7pm on the day of the election.

The My Voter Page provides voters with access to registration status, absentee ballot requests and tracking, polling locations, sample ballots, and candidate information.

LEARN ABOUT THE CANDIDATES

Many voters report that a lack of information about candidates is a barrier to participation. Employers can help by sharing trusted, nonpartisan election resources with their teams.

Information about candidates for the Vermont House and Senate, as well as additional election resources, is available through the Vermont Secretary of State Election Information.

A BLUEPRINT FOR VERMONT’S FUTURE

RESEARCH, DATA, & LEADERSHIP DRIVING LONG-TERM SOLUTIONS The challenges facing Vermont are interconnected. Workforce shortages, housing availability, affordability pressures, healthcare costs, and economic competitiveness cannot be solved in isolation. Addressing them requires a shared understanding of where Vermont is today, a clear vision for where we want to go, and the leadership to turn ideas into action.

That work accelerated during this biennium through the Vermont Futures Project.

VERMONT ECONOMIC ACTION PLAN

A SHARED VISION FOR AFFORDABILITY AND ABUNDANCE After engaging more than 5,000 Vermonters across all 14 counties, the Vermont Futures Project launched the Vermont Economic Action Plan, a long-term blueprint for strengthening Vermont's economy and creating a more affordable and abundant future.

5,000+

Vermonters Engaged

14

Counties Represented

VERMONT COMPETITIVENESS DASHBOARD MEASURING WHAT MATTERS

The Vermont Competitiveness Dashboard provides a clear view of how Vermont performs relative to other states across key economic indicators, helping policymakers, business leaders, and stakeholders identify where Vermont leads and where improvement is needed.

VERMONT BUSINESS CLIMATE SURVEY THE VOICE OF VERMONT EMPLOYERS

The Vermont Business Climate Survey provides a direct look at how employers experience Vermont's economic environment. Responses from businesses across all 14 counties continue to highlight concerns around affordability, workforce availability, housing, healthcare costs, and regulatory predictability, helping inform policy discussions and economic priorities.

TURNING PLANNING INTO ACTION

INFORMING POLICY AND SHAPING VERMONT'S FUTURE Throughout the biennium, the Vermont Futures Project provided trusted research, datainformed analysis, and a long-term economic perspective to support policymakers, business leaders, and communities. By connecting planning to policy and policy to action, the Futures Project is helping build the foundation for a stronger, more competitive Vermont.

VOTING RECORDS

TRANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS

VOTING RECORDS To promote transparency and accountability, the Vermont Chamber of Commerce has compiled the voting records of legislative incumbents on key issues addressed over the past biennium. This resource equips Vermont businesses with insights into how lawmakers' votes align with crucial economic policies and efforts to advance the state's economy. Civic engagement is essential for a thriving economy, and being informed about legislative issues and voting records is a key part of this process. By understanding how incumbents vote, businesses can engage more effectively with their legislators—whether to express gratitude for their support or to discuss the potential impacts of policies, taxes, or regulations. This report underscores our commitment to ensuring Vermont businesses have the information they need to advocate for policies that drive economic growth and strengthen the state's business environment.

MILLITARY PENSION

EDUCATION 2025

YIELD 2025

BUDGET 2025

HIGH INCOME EARNER TAX

ACT 250

SENATE VOTING RECORD

S.51

H.454

H.491

H.493

H.933

S.325

Not Voting

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Beck of Caledonia District

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Benson of Orange District

2

2

2

2

Nay

Yea

Bongartz of Bennington District

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Brennan of Grand Isle District

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Absent

Yea

Brock of Franklin District

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Nay

Yea

Chittenden of Chittenden-Southeast District

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Clarkson of Windsor District

Yea

Nay

Absent

Yea

Nay

Yea

Collamore of Rutland District

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Nay

Yea

Cummings of Washington District

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea 2

Baruth of Chittenden-Central District

Douglass of Orleans District

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

2

Gulick of Chittenden-Central District

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Hardy of Addison District

Yea

Nay

Nay

Nay

Nay

Yea

Harrison of Windham District

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Hart of Orange District

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

2

2

Hashim of Windham District

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Heffernan of Addison District

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Nay

Yea

Ingalls of Essex District

Yea

Nay

Yea

Nay

Nay

Yea

Lyons of Chittenden-Southeast District

Yea

Yea

Absent

Yea

Nay

Yea

Major of Windsor District

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Mattos of Chittenden-North District

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Morley of Orleans District

2

2

2

2

Nay

Yea

Norris of Franklin District

Absent

Absent

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

2

Not holding elected office at the time of vote.

*Vermont does not require roll call voting; this step is only taken when requested on the floor of the House or Senate.

There are bills or votes that are not included in this list, as they did not have a roll call voting record available.

MILLITARY PENSION

EDUCATION 2025

YIELD 2025

BUDGET 2025

HIGH INCOME EARNER TAX

ACT 250

SENATE VOTING RECORD, CONTINUED

S.51

H.454

H.491

H.493

H.933

S.325

Perchlik of Washington District

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Plunkett of Bennington District

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Ram Hinsdale of Chittenden-Southeast District

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Vyhovsky of Chittenden-Central District

Yea

Nay

Nay

Nay

Yea

Nay

Watson of Washington District

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Weeks of Rutland District

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Nay

Yea

Westman of Lamoille District

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

White of Windsor District

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Williams of Rutland District

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Nay

Yea

MILITARY PENSION

EDUCATION 2025

HEALTHCARE REFORM

HOUSING

BUDGET 2025

DATA PRIVACY

YIELD 2026

EDUCATION 2026

HOUSE VOTING RECORD

S.51

H.454

S.126

S.127

H.493

S.71

H.949

H.955

Arsenault of Williston

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Austin of Colchester

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Bailey of Hyde Park

Yea

Yea

Absent

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Bartholomew of Hartland

Absent

Absent

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Absent

Absent

Bartley of Fairfax

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Berbeco of Winooski

Yea

Absent

Absent

Yea

Yea

Absent

Absent

Yea

Birong of Vergennes

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Bishop of Colchester

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Black of Essex

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Bluemle of Burlington

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Bos-Lun of Westminster

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Absent

Absent

Absent

Bosch of Clarendon

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Boutin of Barre City

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Absent

Yea

Yea

Yea

Boyden of Cambridge

Yea

Nay

Yea

Absent

Absent

Yea

Yea

Yea

Brady of Williston

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Branagan of Georgia

Yea

Yea

Nay

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

*Vermont does not require roll call voting; this step is only taken when requested on the floor of the House or Senate.

There are bills or votes that are not included in this list, as they did not have a roll call voting record available.

MILITARY PENSION

EDUCATION 2025

HEALTHCARE REFORM

HOUSING

BUDGET 2025

DATA PRIVACY

YIELD 2026

EDUCATION 2026

HOUSE VOTING RECORD, CONTINUED

S.51

H.454

S.126

S.127

H.493

S.71

H.949

H.955

2

2

2

2

2

Yea

Yea

Yea

Brown of Richmond

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Burditt of West Rutland

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Burke of Brattleboro

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Burkhardt of South Burlington

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Burrows of West Windsor

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Nay

Yea

Absent

Absent

Yea

Absent

Yea

Yea

Yea

Absent

Absent

Absent

Absent

Absent

Yea

Yea

Yea

Brigham of St. Albans Town

Burtt of Cabot Campbell of St. Johnsbury Canfield of Fair Haven

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Carris Duncan of Whitingham

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Absent

Yea

Yea

Nay

Casey of Hubbardton

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Casey of Montpelier

Absent

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Chapin of East Montpelier Charlton of Chester

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Christie of Hartford

Absent

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Absent

Absent

Absent

Cina of Burlington

Yea

Nay

Absent

Absent

Yea

Absent

Nay

Yea

Coffin of Cavendish

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Cole of Hartford

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Conlon of Cornwall

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Cooper of Pownal

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Corcoran of Bennington

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Cordes of Bristol

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

2

2

2

Critchlow of Colchester

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Demar of Enosburgh

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Dickinson of St. Albans Town

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Dobrovich of Williamstown

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Absent

Dodge of Essex

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Dolan of Essex Junction

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Dolgin of St. Johnsbury

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Donahue of Northfield

Yea

Yea

Yea

Absent

Yea

Yea

Nay

Nay

Duke of Burlington

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Absent

Yea

Yea

Yea

Durfee of Shaftsbury

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Eastes of Guilford

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Emmons of Springfield

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Feltus of Lyndon

Yea

Yea

Yea

Absent

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

2

Not holding elected office at the time of vote.

*Vermont does not require roll call voting; this step is only taken when requested on the floor of the House or Senate.

There are bills or votes that are not included in this list, as they did not have a roll call voting record available.

MILITARY PENSION

EDUCATION 2025

HEALTHCARE REFORM

HOUSING

BUDGET 2025

DATA PRIVACY

YIELD 2026

EDUCATION 2026

HOUSE VOTING RECORD, CONTINUED

S.51

H.454

S.126

S.127

H.493

S.71

H.949

H.955

Galfetti of Barre Town

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Garofano of Essex

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Goldman of Rockingham

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Goodnow of Brattleboro

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Goslant of Northfield

Yea

Yea

Absent

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Graning of Jericho

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Greer of Bennington

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Gregoire of Fairfield

Yea

Absent

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Absent

Absent

Hango of Berkshire

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Harple of Glover

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Absent

Yea

Yea

2

2

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

2

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Absent

Absent

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Nay

Hooper of Burlington

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

2

2

2

Hooper of Randolph

Yea

Nay

Absent

Yea

Yea

Yea

Absent

Absent

Houghton of Essex Junction

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Howard of Rutland City

Yea

Nay

Absent

Yea

Absent

Absent

Absent

Absent

Howland of Rutland Town

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

2

2

2

2

2

Yea

Nay

Yea

Hunter of Manchester

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

James of Manchester

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Kascenska of Burke

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Keyser of Rutland City

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Kimbell of Woodstock

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Kleppner of Burlington

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Kornheiser of Brattleboro

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Harrison of Chittenden

Yea

Harvey of Castleton Headrick of Burlington Higley of Lowell Holcombe of Norwich

Hoyt of Hartford

Krasnow of South Burlington

Yea

Nay

Absent

Yea

Yea

Absent

Yea

Yea

Not Voting

Not Voting

Not Voting

Not Voting

Not Voting

Not Voting

Not Voting

Not Voting

Labor of Morgan

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Absent

Yea

Yea

Yea

Lalley of Shelburne

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

LaLonde of South Burlington

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

LaMont of Morristown

Yea

Absent

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Laroche of Franklin

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Krowinski of Burlington

2

Not holding elected office at the time of vote.

*Vermont does not require roll call voting; this step is only taken when requested on the floor of the House or Senate.

There are bills or votes that are not included in this list, as they did not have a roll call voting record available.

MILITARY PENSION

EDUCATION 2025

HEALTHCARE REFORM

HOUSING

BUDGET 2025

DATA PRIVACY

YIELD 2026

EDUCATION 2026

HOUSE VOTING RECORD, CONTINUED

S.51

H.454

S.126

S.127

H.493

S.71

H.949

H.955

Lipsky of Stowe

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Nay

Logan of Burlington

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

2

2

2

2

2

Yea

Yea

Yea

Long of Newfane

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Lueders of Lincoln

2

2

2

2

2

Yea

Yea

Yea

Luneau of St. Albans City

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Nay

Absent

Nay

Nay

Maguire of Rutland City

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Absent

Absent

Absent

Malay of Pittsford

Yea

Yea

Absent

Yea

Absent

Yea

Yea

Yea

Marcotte of Coventry

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Masland of Thetford

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Nay

McCann of Montpelier

Absent

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

McCoy of Poultney

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

McFaun of Barre Town

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

2

2

2

McGill of Bridport

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Micklus of Milton

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Mihaly of Calais

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Minier of South Burlington

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Absent

Nay

Yea

Morgan of Milton

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Absent

Yea

Yea

Morgan of Milton

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Morris of Springfield

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Morrissey of Bennington

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Morrow of Weston

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Mrowicki of Putney

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nelson of Derby

Yea

Nay

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nielsen of Brandon

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Absent

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nigro of Bennington

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Absent

Yea

Absent

Absent

North of Ferrisburgh

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Absent

Yea

Noyes of Wolcott

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nugent of South Burlington

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

O'Brien of Tunbridge

Yea

Nay

Yea

Absent

Yea

Absent

Absent

Absent

Ode of Burlington

Yea

Yea

Absent

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Oliver of Sheldon

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Olson of Starksboro

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Absent

Yea

Nay

Page of Newport City

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Parsons of Newbury

Yea

Absent

Nay

Absent

Nay

Absent

Absent

Absent

Long of Milton

2

Not holding elected office at the time of vote.

*Vermont does not require roll call voting; this step is only taken when requested on the floor of the House or Senate.

There are bills or votes that are not included in this list, as they did not have a roll call voting record available.

MILITARY PENSION

EDUCATION 2025

HEALTHCARE REFORM

HOUSING

BUDGET 2025

DATA PRIVACY

YIELD 2026

EDUCATION 2026

HOUSE VOTING RECORD, CONTINUED

S.51

H.454

S.126

S.127

H.493

S.71

H.949

H.955

Pezzo of Colchester

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Pinsonault of Dorset

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Pouech of Hinesburg

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Powers of Waterford

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Priestley of Bradford

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Absent

Nay

Yea

Yea

Pritchard of Pawlet

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Quimby of Lyndon

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Rachelson of Burlington

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Absent

Yea

Yea

Satcowitz of Randolph

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Scheu of Middlebury

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Scully of Burlington

2

2

2

2

2

Yea

Absent

Absent

Sheldon of Middlebury

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Sibilia of Dover

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

2

2

2

2

2

Yea

Yea

Yea

Southworth of Walden

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Squirrell of Underhill

Yea

Absent

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Steady of Milton

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Stevens of Waterbury

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Stone of Burlington

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Absent

Nay

Yea

Surprenant of Barnard

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

2

2

2

Sweeney of Shelburne

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Tagliavia of Corinth

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Taylor of Milton

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Tomlinson of Winooski

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Nay

Nay

Nay

Toof of St. Albans Town

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

2

2

2

Torre of Moretown

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Absent

Absent

Absent

Walker of Swanton

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Absent

Yea

Yea

Yea

Waszazak of Barre City

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Waters Evans of Charlotte

Yea

Nay

Yea

Absent

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Wells of Brownington

Yea

Nay

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

White of Bethel

Yea

Nay

Absent

Absent

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

White of Waitsfield

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Winter of Ludlow

Yea

Yea

Nay

Yea

Nay

Yea

Absent

Absent

Wood of Waterbury

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yacovone of Morristown

Yea

Nay

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Yea

Soucy of Barre Town

2

Not holding elected office at the time of vote.

*Vermont does not require roll call voting; this step is only taken when requested on the floor of the House or Senate.

There are bills or votes that are not included in this list, as they did not have a roll call voting record available.

PINNACLE INVESTORS

INVESTING IN VERMONT’S ECONOMIC FUTURE The work of advancing Vermont's economy requires more than advocacy alone. It requires research that informs decision-making, policy leadership that shapes the business climate, and partnerships that bring people together around solutions.

Pinnacle Investors are a community of business leaders who provide leadership support.

Their investment helps power the research, advocacy, and statewide collaboration that advance a stronger, more competitive Vermont.

Throughout this biennium, Pinnacle Investors helped support efforts to strengthen Vermont's economic future through the implementation of the Vermont Economic Action Plan, member-driven advocacy, business climate research, legislative engagement, and convenings that connected business leaders and policymakers around the state's most pressing challenges.

These organizations have demonstrated a commitment to leadership and long-term solutions. We are grateful for their partnership, their vision, and their investment in advancing Vermont's economy.

THANK YOU TO OUR PINNACLE INVESTORS