Student Success: UA's Net Zero Energy + Water District

STUDENT SUCCESS

University of Arizona’s Net Zero Water & Energy District

University of Arizona

School of Architecture

Fourth Year Option Design Studio

Table of Contents

Principles

1

Who We Are

17

The University of Arizona

25

Definitions & Calculations

33

Precedents

49

Educational Travel

63

Design Studio Student Projects

83

Six Fundamental Design Concepts

The Design Team

History

Net Zero Energy & Water, University of Arizona Student Success District, Program

University Campus Master Planning

California

Proposals for a Net Zero Dorm

Reference Index Citations

205

1 Design Principles To create unity of intent between the ten student designers, six guiding principles were created based on site analysis and precedent research.

These principles offer a founding philosophy for the Net Zero Energy and Water District. Although the five student projects emphasize these guiding concepts to varying degrees, all are incorporated. Although the list is not exhaustive, the most important ideas are elevated.

These six principles represent the students’ common concern for the site and collective vision for its future as a net zero district.

Connectivity Yet Identity Architecture Motivated Behavior Change Density & Affordability Energy & Water Efficiency While Addressing Human Comfort Open Spaces as a Critical Component Experimental Lab for Sustainable Living

De si g n Pr in c ip le 1 3

Connectivity Yet Identity

4

De si g n Pr in c ip le 2 5

Architecture Motivated Behavior Change

6

De si g n Pr in c ip le 3 7

Density & Affordability

8

De si g n Pr in c ip le 4 9

Energy & Water Efficiency While Addressing Human Comfort

10

De si g n Pr in c ip le 5 11

Open Spaces As A Critical Component

12

De si g n Pr in c ip le 6 13

Experimental Lab For Sustainable Living

14

Design Principles Summary 15

Design Principle 1 | Connectivity

Yet Identity

Our district will provide the campus communi ty with an enhanced connector between the main mall area, the stadium and at hletics complex, and student housing row. This node between academic, athletic, and residential life will be an example of transformative master plan design for other districts of campus. While connecting the campus community, the district will also present a clear identity within the campus plan.

The residents of the net zero district will clearly know when they are in their neighborhood and have a sense of belonging and pride to their smaller community.

Design Principle 2 | Architecture

Motivated Behavior Change

Our district will enable positive behavior change toward environmental good. Although architecture and planning cannot solve social and environmenta l challenges by themselves, they can create an infrastructure to em power inhabitants to make better choices and live more fulfilling lives. The district will be of an aesthetic to inspire greater investment in the built and natural environment.

Design Principle 3 | Density

& Affordability

Our residential building(s) replace two existing, deteriorating buildings that are currently two of the most affordable housing options to students. We are interested in real sustainability – environmentally, socially, and economically. The designs will endeavor to create low-cost, environmentally progressive solutions that will be within reach of the full campus community.

Energy & Water Efficiency While Addressing Human Comfort | Design Principle 4 Our district is out to prove a point: net zero does not need to be arduous for the university or user. Human comfort will be enhanced rather than hindered by the opportunities that net zero design affords.

Open Space As A Critical Component | Design Principle 5 Our district will be a complete vision – buildings, landscape, and public spaces. The outdoors will be seen as the critical asset to enabling net zero energy and water design. For energy, outside spaces offer unconditioned, “energy-free” rooms. For water, the landscape provides essential passive treatment and infiltration areas. Ecosystem system services can work in concert with architecture to provide the most integrated, biologically rich, and passive net zero design.

Experimental Lab For Sustainable Living | Design Principle 6 Our district is a place that inspires wider change and serves a microcosm for what other areas of campus could become. This change can be in the immediate moment or in the long-term. It can happen at the scales of individual behavior or campus planning. The district will cultivate a vibe of active experimentation to model sustainable living to the campus, city, and world. This “living-learning lab” will attract members from all corners of campus to particulate in creating our sustainable future.

16

2 Who We Are The studio will be accomplished with the design of a net zero energy and water district as a piece of the upcoming UA Master Plan. Using Bear Down, the Science and Engineering Library, Main Library, and two new dorms, students will propose a unique area of campus conceptualized as a “Student Success District�. The recent redesign of Bear Down, the Science and Engineering Library, and Main Library will be adopted as is for the studio and the work will focus on the overall district plan, interstitial spaces, and the design of the two new residence halls.

The College of Architecture, Planning & Landscape Architecture Design Team Professional Partnerships

College of Architecture Planning & Landscape Architecture 19

ABOUT College of Architecture, Planning and Landscape Architecture, the nation’s leader in sustainable design and planning for arid regions. CAPLA embodies the oldest design and planning programs in the state of Arizona. CAPLA faculty work at the forefront of sustainability and regenerative development, specifically, alternative energy, water conservation, landscape ecology, climate change adaptation, affordable housing, and heritage preservation. Our alumni are recognized internationally for modern desert architecture, landscape architecture, and urban and regional planning and design comprising what is known as the “Arizona School.� 1 The School of Architecture is devoted to professional education with a sensibility honed in the edge conditions of an extreme climate on a major international border. Located in the oldest continuously-inhabited city in the United States, the School combines a culturally rich past with cutting-edge environmental research in its place-based design approach to the arid environment. 1

School of Architecture 20

SUSTAINABILITY Because the construction and operation of the built environment is responsible for 48% of global greenhouse gas emissions, we are vigilant about first instilling an ethical orientation, i.e., the architect’s responsibility for transforming the built environment, and then teaching the technical and aesthetic lessons that support those ethics. Technology and strategies for sustainable will change; ethics should not. Thus, our School values professional ethics and sees it as an increasingly important trait in next-generation architects. We are the first B.Arch degree in the country to adopt a sustainability protocol integrated through all studios. 2

Design Team 21

COURTNEY CROSSON design studio professor Courtney is a licensed architect and Assistant Professor of Practice at the University of Arizona School of Architecture focused on realizing regenerative water and energy designs. Her work has spanned many scales and locations including Europe, Africa, Asia, and North America.

CHRISTINA ABRAMS design studio student The projects that Christina has passion for are, strongly connected back to the public realm, to enhance education and growth. Her views on the professions is that architecture should impact the whole community, rather than just an individual.

JERRICK ANN design studio student Studying in dessert climate, Jerrick has strong ties of designing architecture that responds to its surrounding nature to form the spaces in sustainable manners. He believes that careful analysis of the site can lead to better development proposals and ultimately, to higher quality built environment.

DENISE CAMACHO design studio student The sub-urban sitting in which we live has become a problem not only for people but for the environment as well, this because people have to commute for longer distances. We as future architects have the responsibility to create designs that not only improves our lives but also the environment.

ERNESTO ENCINAS design studio student Ernesto tries to take the approach of designing for the community and think how it can benefit them, but also creating great architecture. Sustainable the world around us. Their isn’t a set idea of what sustainability is, but how can it impact the world; it starts smarter and green design ideas and was to reuse material increase life cycle.

GENG LI design studio student Geng believes that sustainability alway playing a important role in modern architecture. Architects are responsible to balance the relationship between human comfort and nature. After school he wants to travel while keeping to learn different cultures of architecture.

ELIANA MERCADO design studio student Eliana believes that architecture is the response between the relationships of people, place, and culture. Sustainability ties into these views of architecture by being the adaptability to the changing needs of the environment.

CRAIG SHELDON design studio student The design work put forth by Craig is shown to incorporate through elegance, with a response to the natural environment and incorporating it into the design. His projects blend into their contexts but add something new to the given site.

After graduation, Craig is thinking of working in set design or CGI animation.

JULIANNA SORRELL design studio student ​ ustainability is a complex concept. Julianna wanted a different challenge this semester and to broaden her S knowledge of urban planning and sustainable design​. After school she hopes to travel and practice while continuing to experience the new.

MATTHEW SPROTT design studio student Matthew has gained an appreciation for the desert and all that it has to offer with the belief that architecture doesn’t have to serve as the separation between site and building. Instead it can serve as the connective tissue in which man and nature coexist.

YELIN ZHONG design studio student Design is a process to figure out what you are interested in and how can it approach the proposal. Sustainability in ecological is the capacity to endure. Minimized inputs turns into minimized outputs. Zero waste, zero landfill, and zero incineration makes the city more sustainable.

22

Professional Partnerships 23

BEN CHAMPION Office of Sustainability The Office of Sustainability facilitates the UA’s efforts to support a vibrant and sustainable desert southwest by bridging relationships across campus and partnering with southern Arizona community organizations.

DANA DIXON Ayer Saint Gross Ayer Saint Gross is the Comprehensive Campus Plan Consultants for the University of Arizona’s masterplan. Dana is a member of Society of College and University Planning (SCUP), U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) and Urban Land Institute (ULI).

PETER DOULEIN PDC Planning design and construction team is responsible for budgeting, scheduling, design and construction integrity.

People are the key in their team.

CHRIS KOPACH Facilities Facilities are dedicated stewards of the University of Arizona’s physical environment and maintain the entire buildings on campus. They keep the campus the brightest campus.

BRAD LIJEQUIST ILFI International Living Future Institute. Offers green building and infrastructure solutions that move across scales.

Helped to redefine the green building movement, substantially raising the bar for true sustainability.

RODNEY MACKEY PDC Planning design and construction team is responsible for budgeting, scheduling, design and construction integrity.

People are the key in their team.

CORKY POSTER Poster Frost Mirto Architecture Firm A full service Architecture and planing firm specializing in four primary work area. Historic preservation, community architecture, workforce housing, and urban planning.

JILL RAMIREZ Residence Life Ensures students to have an exceptional experience living on campus and stay active with events in the residence.

Their single minded focus is their students on their residence. They create engaging experience with other hall mate.

DINO SKELLAR Student Affairs Student affair provides each University of Arizona student with the services and opportunities to make the most of life beyond the classroom. They create campus a better environment for a success in the future.

BOB SMITH UA VP of Business Affairs VP for Business Affairs at the University of Arizona. He is a past president of Southern Arizona Institute of Architects and currently is a president of the National Associate of University Architects.

KAREN WILLIAMS Libraries Ensures students to have an exceptional experience in education beyond the classrooms, and provide computer labs and study rooms to engage with other students to share ideas and knowledge.

24

3 The University of Arizona The University of Arizona (UA) is a place without limits—where teaching, research, service, and innovation merge to improve lives in Arizona and beyond. We aren’t afraid to ask bigger questions, to get better answers.

Established in 1885, the University of Arizona, the state’s super land-grant university with two medical schools, produces graduates who are real-world ready through its 100% Engagement initiative.

Recognized as a global leader, the UA is also a leader in research, bringing more than $606 million in research investment each year, and ranking 20th among all public universities. The UA is advancing the frontiers of interdisciplinary scholarship and entrepreneurial partnerships, and is a member of the Association of American Universities, the 62 leading public and private research universities.

History of the University of Arizona University of Arizona Campus Plan Net Zero Student Housing Requirements and Program

The History of the University of Arizona A look at the past of the University of Arizona, where it’s come from and what has led to its current condition

27

Old Main. 1887. Courtesy of The University of Arizona Libraries Special Collections

The University of Arizona was founded

The first building on campus, Old Main, is constructed through sustainable practices ahead of its time

1885 1887

1926

The Bear Down Gymnasium opened for use in 1926, with its original purpose serving as a 300 seat venue for the Men’s Basketball team.

Bear Down Gymnasium. 1926. Courtesy of The University of Arizona Libraries Special Collections

The Student Union structure was constructed. Later additions and renovations would occur in 1960 and 2000-2003.

1951

2001 The Integrated Learning Center is constructed under the Mall, effectively creating one of the most innovative features on campus through grass roof

28

A COMPREHENSIVE PLAN In addition to the scrapped Highland District Master Plan, two official Comprehensive Master Plans of the entire campus have been developed over the past decade. Building upon what was brought forth in the 2003 design, the 2009 plan seeks to integrate the then in-development street car through the campus.

Other such features included an expansion to Wildcat Stadium and further development of the north-eastern end of campus, along with plenty of green space.

Currently, a new master plan is set for development in 2016, to build upon what has been brought forth by these previous master plans, and foster a new sustainable vision for the campus.

The first comprehensive campus plan is created

2003

The second comprehensive campus plan is created

2009 The first LEED Certified Platinum building is constructed on campus, the Student Recreation Center - the first rec center in the country with this honor

The University of Arizona announces its Climate Action Plan to be carbon neutral by 2050

2012 2013

2016 College of Architecture, Planning, and Landscape Architecture 4th year Architecture Students take on the challenge to design a Masterplan for the Bear Down Student Success District.

University of Arizona Campus Plan Residential communities surrounding the campus allow unique atmosphere as you enter campus. Prominent features include Old Main, the Student Union, the Mall, the Stadium, and more. These are all emphasized by long 29

prominent axis throughout campus. The center of campus is comprised of primarily education and collaboration spaces, while the exterior portions are dormitories and athletics/recreation. The university has become land locked which has led to the need to densify the campus.

Current Plan

Student Success District

Net Zero District *Not To Scale

30

Net Zero Student Housing Requirements Site Location

The project is located at the University of Arizona on the land plots currently occupied by Hopi Lodge and Graham-Greenlee Residence Halls.

31

Site Conditions The new residence halls will be located behind the existing Main Library, Science-Engineering Library, and Bear Down (all three comprise the upcoming Student Success District). The Student Success District along with t he new residence halls will comprise the UA Net Zero District.

Design Intent Ultimately, the new residence halls will be the efficient engines of the Net Zero District. The designs of the residence halls should integrate the most intelligent use of passive, active, and renewable energy and water strategies. A new, sustainable model for student housing will be proposed with attention to the necessary behavior change required by incoming users. The end product will act as inspiration for the rest of campus – an e xample of cutting edge sustainable living and as a living laboratory for student progress on this topic.

Program The building(s) should house 800 students (50% men and 50% women) with necessary allotment of ADA rooms. The building height and corresponding footprint should be designed with recognition of the U A goals of densifying campus and creating successful open spaces that work with the existing ‘green’ network.

49,20 0 sf

80 0 r e si d e n t s r e q u i r e d 1 0 0 sf a l lo t t e d A DA 1 50 sf

Main Living Spaces Stu d e n t Rooms Re s i d e nt ial Advisor Room s

* 1107.5 Group I Section 1107.5.1.1 Accessible units

Di stri c t L aundry Facilit y

4,050 sf

27 R A r o o m s r e q u i r e d 1 50 sf 1 sh o w e r p e r 1 8 (F ) a n d 1 8 (M ) 1 toilet per 8 (F ) a n d 1 0 (M )

Ba th r o oms

4 % o f r o o m s m u st b e A DA

1 urinal per ? (M ) 1 lavatory per 1 5 (F ) a n d 2 0 (M ) 1 w a sh e r p e r 50 o f R e si d e n t s

2 ,30 4 sf x 2 each gender needs approximately 12 bathrooms throughout the entirety of the dorm.

Stu d e n t Study Areas

1 dryer per 50 o f R e si d e n t s

K i tc h e n Space

1 st u d y a r e a p e r x 16 st u d y a r e a s 50 st u d e n t s a l lo t e d 1 80 sf

Stu d e n t Community Spac e Me e ti n g Rooms for Dist ri ct

4,608 sf cl e a n se

40 0 sf

clo t h i n g

2,880 sf

1 0 0 sf p e r 2 0 0 r e si d e n t s

1 0 0 sf x (80 0/ 2 0 0 )

40 0 sf

lo u n g e g r o u n d f lo o r (1 ) r o o f t o p (1 )

250 sf e a .

50 0 sf

250 sf e a .

1,000 sf

meeting rooms f o r d i st r i c t i n d o o r (2 ) o u t d o o r (2 )

Support Spaces

30 0 sf 200 sf

entry

Bu i l d i n g L obby and Front Des k

mail room (r o u t e o f d e l i v e r y and organization)

Ma i l Ro om

2,500 sf

c u st o d i a l r e q u i r e d 50 sf p e r f lo o r

* su b j e c t t o f loor #

a l lo t t e d 50 sf p e r f lo o r

Sh a r e d ME P/ Water Treatm ent/ E ner gy Center

5,00 0 sf

c o m p o st i n g p o t a bl e / r a i n w a t e r / greywater treatment / irrigation

Re c ycl i ng and Waste Man agem ent f or Di s tr i ct w i t h BO H Access

Ne c e ss ary E gress ci r cul at i on + st r uct ur e publ i c s t a i r ex i t s t ai r s el ev at or w| el evat or r oom col um ns , e nvelope, and par t i t i on s

photovoltaic r e c y cl i n g & w a st e m a n a g e m e n t f o r d i st r i c t w i t h B OH a c c e ss n e c e ssa r y e g r e ss Th e g e n e r a l r e q u i r e m e n t s sp e c i f i e d i n Sections 1003 through 1013 sh a l l a p p l y t o all three elements of the m e a n s o f e g r e ss sy st e m , t h e e x i t a c c e ss, t h e e x i t a n d t h e e x i t d i sc h a r g e.

sf 1,000 sf

a p pr o x .

15,00 0 sf

32

4 Definitions & Calculations The studio will be accomplished with the design of a net zero energy and water district as a piece of the upcoming UA Master Plan. Using Bear Down, the Science and Engineering Library, Main Library, and two new dorms, students will propose a unique area of campus conceptualized as a “Student Success District�. The recent redesign of Bear Down, the Science and Engineering Library, and Main Library will be adopted as is for the studio and the work will focus on the overall district plan, interstitial spaces, and the design of the two new residence halls.

Net Zero Energy and Water Definitions A Nationwide Campus Comparison University of Arizona Emissions Scopes & Climate Action Plan Student Success District Water Use Calculations Student Success District Energy Use Calculations Net Zero Student Residence Hall Energy Use Calculations Net Zero District Photovoltaic Integration

Net Zero Definitions Net Zero Energy The total amount of (site) energy used by the district on an annual basis is equal to the amount of renewable energy created on the site.

35

Net Zero Water The total amount of potable water used in the district is equal to the amount of potable water created or displaced by the district.

Onsite capture, reuse, or treatment of lower quality to higher quality water are means of meeting this criteria.

One hundred percent of the district’s storm water and water discharge must be managed on site.

36

Nationwide Campus Comparison Water use intensity of each building in the net zero energy + water student success district. And University future goals for water management.

Water Consumption (Gallons)

University of Arizona Arizona State Cal Tech Colby Colorado State Emory Green Mountain Stanford UC Los Angeles UC San Diego

(KWh)

0 ,00 00 4,5 000 , 00 4,0 000 , 00 3,5 000 , 00 3,0 000 , 00 2,5 000 , 00 2,0 000 , 00 1,5 000 , 00 1,0 00 0,0 50

00 0,0 ,00 00 000 , 1,4 00 0,0 0 20 ,00 1, 0 ,00 0 00 ,00 1,0 00 0,0 00 80 0 , 00 0,0 0 60 ,00 00 0,0 00 40 0,0

0 0,0

20

37

Energy Consumption

Scope 3 Scope 2

(Metric Tons)

(Metric Tons)

(Metric Tons)

Scope 1

38 0

0 5,0 22 0

0 0,0 15 0

,00 75

00 0,0 18 00 5,0 13 0 ,00 90

0

0

0

0

0 0,0

,00 45

12

,00 90

,00 60

0 ,00 30

University of Arizona Emissions Scopes & Climate Action Plan The calculations of total emissons and water + energy usage within the Student Success District.

Reduce Energy Use + Develop “Green” Energy 39

• • • • • •

University of Arizona Emissions 2%

Strategic investment in energy efficiency Changing energy-use behavior Reducing energy demand + greening our energy sources Develop additional solar energy production capacity Increase on-campus energy production Purchase solar energy produced at UA Tech Park

1%

97% Stationary combustion 85,622

Curb Transportation Emissions • •

Fugitive Emissions 442 Mobile combustion 2,173

Scope 1

Offset air travel Encourage greener commuting behavior of students and employees

Keep Waste Out Of Landfills • •

Reduce purchase / acquisition of non-recyclable materials Increase diversion of materials from waste stream

100% Electricity 94,754

Scope 2

18%

18%

36% 46%

Solid Waste 8,966 Commuting 22,688 Air Travel 18,175

Scope 3

Emissions Inventory < 1% Solid Waste, Refrigerants, and Fertilizers

24%

Emissions Inventory 40

Transportation vehicle fleet student commuting employee commuting direct financed air travel

21% 38% 41%

70%

Energy purchased electricity co-gen electric co-gen steam other on-campus stationary

Scope 1 Total Emissions 88,237 metric tons Scope 2 Total Emissions 94,754 metric tons Scope 3 Total Emissions 49,832 metric tons

Total Scopes

Total emissions used by the University of Arizona numbers are dated from 2013

Emissions Goal

2009

2012

2050 ge

with no chan

250 k

wit

0k

emissions

h gr

time

een

init

iati

ves

Student Success District Water Usage .50

Current WUI *gallons per square foot

.24

Future WUI

.49 .85

*gallons per square foot

.19 .07

32. 71 49. 42

41

27.22

47. 12

Current Water Usage Per Year

Future Water Usage Per Year

8000

10000

7000 8000 6000

6000

4000

gallons

gallons

5000

3000

4000

2000 2000 1000 0

Greenlee Dorm

MAIN LIBRARY

SCI + ENG LIBRARY

Graham Dorm

BEAR DOWN

Hopi Dorm

HOPI

0

GRAHAM GREENLEE

Bear Down Gymnasium

Science & Engineering Library

Main Library

MAIN LIBRARY Net Zero Dorm

SCI + ENG LIBRARY

BEAR DOWN

Shower

NET ZERO DORM Lavatory

Urinal

Toilet

Gray Water + Black Water Usage on Site

gallons per month

Potential Greywater for Site

1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0

300

200 150 100 50 0

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Future Sewer Output with Retrofitted Toilets

350

200

300

180 160

250

140 120

200

100

150

80 60

100

40

50 0

42

250

Current Sewer Output

gallons

Potential Greywater for Site Including Reduced Lavatory and Shower Water

20

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

0

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Average Water Use Per Month Current Average 250000

200000

43 gallons

150000

100000

50000

0

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

Future Average 300000

250000

Gallons

200000

150000

100000

50000

0

Greenlee Dorm

Graham Dorm

Hopi Dorm

Bear Down Gymnasium

JUN

JUL

Science & Engineering Library

AUG

SEP

Main Library

OCT

NOV

Net Zero Dorm

DEC

Water Efficiency Strategies University Strategies for Water Efficiency

• Low water use/ drought tolerant la landscape designs and plant selections • Using reclaimed water for necessary irrigation • Highly efficient irrigation system controls/ rain monitors/ drip vs flood, some use of graywater • Rainwater harvesting through use of micro basins, detention / retention, cisterns, etc 44

• Condensate reuse for irrigation • Low flow / water use plumbing fixtures, faucets • Waterless urinals

Design Studio Strategies for Water Efficiency

Rainwater Capture On Site

HVAC Condensate Recovery

Low Flow Water Fixtures

Reclaimed Water Piping

Student Success District Energy Usage Current EUI

Future EUI

*kBtu per square foot per year

*kBtu per square foot per year

51.48

41.46

45

20.86

44.78 67.3

28.95

25.21

Future Energy Usage Per Year

3 000 000 KW

2 500 000 KW

2 500 000 KW

2 000 000 KW

2 000 000 KW

1 500 000 KW

1 500 000 KW

1 000 000 KW

1 000 000 KW

500 000 KW

500 000 KW

Main Library

Greenlee Dorm

Graham Dorm

Sci- Eng Library

Hopi Dorm

Bear Down

Hopi

Bear Down Gymnasium

Greenlee

Graham

Science & Engineering Library

Main Library

Main Library

Plug Loads

Sci- Eng Library

Water Heating

-39%

3 000 000 KW

-39%

3 500 000 KW

KWh

3 500 000 KW

-39%

Current Energy Usage Per Year

21.97

-39%

37.5

kWh

28.22

Bear Down

NZD

HVACR

Lighting

2013-2015 Average Energy Use Per Year

1 500 000 KW

1 125 000 KW

46 750 000 KW

375 000 KW

JAN

FEB

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

MAR

APR

MAY

JUN

JUL

AUG

SEP

OCT

NOV

DEC

Future Energy Use Per Year

500 000 KW 375 000 KW 250 000 KW 125 000 KW

JAN

FEB

Net Zero Dormitory Energy Use University Strategies for Energy Efficiency Energy Star qualified LED lighting can reduce energy cost at least 75% than incandescent lighting.

Heating and cooling loads can be reduce by sizable amounts. Â A zone properly designed might have a 35% reduction in peak cooling load and a 26% reduction of peak heating load.

47

1.Survey existing equipment to predict major energy-users.

2. Interview occupants to predict typical use schedules of equipment and behavior patterns.

3. Provide power monitoring on a selected sample of major energy users for a substantial period of time.

Commercial and institutional facilities that use daylighting are reducing their annual energy consumption by 30% to 60%, and workplace performance in these facilities is on the rise.

Design strategies that minimize the need for mechanical cooling systems include proper window placement and daylight design, the selection of suitable glazing for windows or skylights, proper sized shading of glass when heat gains are being avoided.

Future Energy Use Per Year

Active Energy Saving Strategies

30 25

KWh

(10,000 KW)

20 15 10 5 0

HVACR

Water Heating

Plug Loads

75%

Lighting

35% 26%

Cooling Load Heating Load

50%

Plug Load

30%-60%

Passive Strategies

Lighting

Plug Loads

Water Heating

HVACR

Lighting

Net Zero District Photovoltaic Integration calculations for the number of photovoltaic panels needed to reach our net zero energy goals

4,063,456 รท 350 days = 11,610 Total kWh per year

11,610

รท

7 days

=

1,659

11,610

รท

0.8

=

2,073

2,073

x

100

= 207,319 Ft.2

Area required for panels, including service area

*data supplied courtesy of UA Facilities Management

48

5 Campus Precedents The GHG Protocol defines three scopes of emissions: Scope 1

Direct GHG emissions are emissions from sources that are owned or controlled by the company.

Scope 2

Accounts for GHG emissions from the generation of purchased electricity by the company.

Scope 3

Optional reporting category that allows for the treatment of all other indirect emissions. They are a consequence of the activities of the company, but occur from sources not owned or controlled by the company.

Arizona State University Colby College Colorado State University Emory University Green Mountain College Stanford University

Arizona State University Tempe, Arizona

51

Campus Emissions Scope

Student Population

Scope 1 | 14.9%

83,301

Scope 2 | 60.7%

Campus Mission

Scope 3 | 24.4%

1

3

To establish ASU as the model for the New American University, measured not by who we exclude, but rather who we include; pursuing research and discovery that benefits the public good; assuming major responsibility for the economic, social and cultural vitality and health and well-being of the community .

Area Of Campus

2

52

Tempe: 631.6 acres Polytechnic: 612.99 acres West: 277.92 acres Downtown Phoenix: 27.57 acres

Building Count 1,041

Energy Types Main Campus Map10

Heating + Cooling, Greenhouse Gas, Electricity, Renewables

Carbon Neutrality Action Plan

BUILDINGS GREEN SPACE WATER MAJOR ROADS MINOR ROADS TRAIN LIGHT RAIL WALKING ZONE PARKING ZONES CENTRAL PLANT PV INSTALLATIONS

In 2009, Arizona State University announced its Carbon Neutrality Action Plan, which commits to eliminating Greenhouse Gas from building sources by 2025, and from all other sources by 2035. Their plan is broken down into four different tiers: Energy, Transportation, Waste, and Other, and each have multiple strategies to meet their goals.

12

Colby College Waterville, Maine

53

GRAPHIC

Miller Library27

Campus Size

Campus Emissions Scope

Student Population: 1,850 Size: Rural setting on 714 acres

Scope 1 | 29% Scope 2 | 44%

Energy

Scope 3 | 27%

- Co-generation turbine - 100% green electricity from wind farms - 15 LEED buildings (geothermal heat+cooling) - Biomass plant saves 1 billion gallons of fuel.

- Solar panels - LED lights - Light senors - 3 loops underground tunnels - 24 megawatts peak - 130,000,000 lbs/yr of steam

1

3

Water - Rain sensors in irrigated areas - Native landscaping - The renovated buildings use low flow shower heads, toilets, and faucets - All laundry appliances are energy star rated for the energy and water use.

- 8 Rainwater/ Storm water centers - Erosion control centers - Pump house to boost pressure, and stores water.

2

Biomass Scope Emissions Data Scope 1-2-3

Scope 2

Scope 3

Scope 1: 5,273.6 Metric tonnes Scope 2: 7,897.3 Metric tonnes Scope 3: 4,856.8 Metric tonnes

Student population: 18,027.7 metric tonnes per 1850 Students

Square footage 18,027.7 metric tonnes per 1,497,480 sq ft

In burning approximately 22,000 tons of wood instead of 1 million gallons of oil, the college estimates a reduction of more than 9,500 tons of carbon annually. The biomass plants generates 90% if the campusâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; needs for heat, hot water, cooking, and dehumidification. The steam plant employs a co - gen turbine that uses the waste heat from the biomass plant to make steam for the campus. The energy savings will pay for the new facility in less than 10 years.

54

Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado

55

Campus Emissions Scope

Student Population

Scope 1 | 32%

32, 236 in 2015

Scope 2 | 46%

Gross Sq ft of Building Space

Scope 3 | 22%

10,618,090.0

Gross Emissions Per Scope 1 Total: 222,748 metric tons of CO2e

56

Gross Emissions Per Scope 2

3

1

Per Full-Time Enrollment: 8.2 metric tons of CO2e

Gross Emissions Per Scope 3

2

Per 1,000 Square Feet: 21.0 metric tons of CO2e

Offset 3%

Mission Inspired by its land-grant heritage, CSU is committed to excellence, setting the standard for public research universities in teaching, research, service and extension for the benefit of the citizens of Colorado, the United States and the world.

16

Emory University Atlanta, Georgia

57

Water Hub17

Student Population

Campus Emissions Scope

14, 769

Scope 1 | 17%

Student | Faculty Ratio 14:1

Scope 2 | 55%

Cost

Scope 3 | 28%

Private Institution $44,008 annually

Graduation Rate 90%

700 Acre Campus

Half protected to help realize sustainability initiatives

1

3

58

> 175 Species of wildlife and

> 200

Species of plants

First & Second Year Students Required to live on campus

Waterhub

2

Year: 2015

Footprint -

The Waterhub How It Works

Hydraulic Capacity 400,000 gallons daily 2. screen 3. anoxic moving bed bioreactors

5. hydroponic reactors

7. clarifier tank

11. campus 1. extraction point from sewer

10. underground storage tank

6. demonstration reciprocating wetlands

3,000 SF glass house 1,500 SF outdoor landscape

9. UV 8. disk disinfection filter

4. aerobic moving bed bioreactors

Uses

Boiler make-up Cooling tower make-up Toilet flushing

Technologies Applied Hydroponic Fixed-film reactors Reciprocating wetlands

21

Green Mountain College Poultney, Vermont

59

Ames Hall22

Campus Emissions Scope

Established

Scope 1 | 59%

1834

Scope 2 | 17.6%

Type

Scope 3 | 23.4%

Private

Affiliation United Methodist Church

President Paul J Fonteyn

3 2

Student Population

1

600 Undergraduates & 200 Graduates

Student | Faculty Ratio 14 : 1

Campus Setting Rural

Campus Area 123 acres

Break Down Campus Area 39 Acres of natural areas 40 Cerridwen Farm 44 Buildings, Landscape & Athletic Fields

60

Stanford University Stanford, California

61

Stanford Main Gate1

Campus Emissions Scope

Campus Facts

Scope 1 | 5%

Stanford has six main campuses

Scope 2 | 76%

4,017 acres in Santa Clara 2,701 acres in San Mateo 1,161 acres in Palo alto 114 acres in woodside 111 acres in Menlo park 76 acres in Portola

Scope 3 | 19%

Campus Housing

3

1

Exactly 95 percent of undergraduates live on campus housing. Exactly 65 percent of graduates live on campus housing.

62

Campus Landscaping

2

About 40% of campus in Stanford is a green area. As California is currently facing major drought. The majority of water usage on campus of Stanford is used at green grass.

Campus Awards Voted as platinum â&#x20AC;&#x153;Bicycle Friendly Universityâ&#x20AC;?

Scope Works

13,000 bikers on campus 12 miles of bike lanes

Scope 1-2-3 | Stanford energy system innovation (SESI) Scope 2 | Adapting the new buildings with this energy supply plans, the campus of Stanford maximize the efficiency of the supply side high performance buildings on campus already reduced energy by 20 percent.

Scope 3 | A district energy system, which comprises a power, stream, and chilled water distribution system to provide the energy for heating, cooling, and electricity is all provided by on site gas cogenerator.

Campus Goals Stanford university aims to make pv solar panels a major source of energy throughout the campus 6&7

6 Educational Travel A critical educational element included in the curriculum required students to embark on a three day case study research trip of Southwestern campuses with similar net zero initiatives to gain a regional context and foundational understanding of climate constraints.

The three day studio trip included visits to precedent campuses within the Southwest (UCLA, CalTech, and UCSD) and culminated in attendance of Net Positive Energy and Water conference.

California Institute of Technology University of California Los Angeles University of California San Diego Net Positive Conference Moore Ruble Yudell Architects & Planners Firm Visit

Los Angeles

San Diego

Tucson

California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California

65

Robert A. Millikan Memorial Library4

1%

Campus Energy Emissions 2014 GHG Emissions

Mission The mission of CalTech is to expand human knowledge and benefit society through research integrated with education.19

17%

82%

Student-Faculty Ratio 3:1 19

Direct Emissions Indirect Emissions De Minimus Emissions

Private | Not-for-profit, 4 year or above 19

Campus Type

19% 18%

Institution Type

City | Midsize 19 62%

66

In-State Tuition $ 39,990 19

Scope 1

Out-Of-State Tuition

Scope 2

$ 39,990 19

Scope 3

Campus Population

2014 Energy Portfolio

Approximately 5000 19 24%

63%

12%

Building Square Footage 4.4 Million 19

Acres In Urban Setting`

2% Purchased Grid Power

125 19

On-site Fuel Cells On-site Solar PV On-site Combined Heat & Power

Generated On Campus` 85% 19

Sustainable Infrastructure

Cogeneration Plant • • • 67

Energy Map

Currently the Central Utility Plant utilizes a 10 MW gas turbine engine.

Turbine exhaust waste heat is used to generate high pressure steam The steam is used to turn a steam turbine that drives a 2.5 MW generator20

Bloom Energy Fuel Cells • • • • •

Power purchase agreement 3 MW No AQMD permit No heat recovery Cleaner than grid power20

Solar Photovoltaics • • • • •

Power purchase agreement 1.3 MW 3 Parking structure 8 Buildings 72% Saturation of eligible campus space20

Solar (1.3MW) Fuel Cells (3MW) Co-Generation (12.5MW)

LEED Certified Buildings

CECIP

Keck Center 2014 LEED NC (V2009) Platinum - 84 pts

Caltech Energy Conservation Investment Program Opportunity for Avoided Utility Costs Lab Buildings: $3 | SF | Annually Administration Buildings: $1 | SF | Annually

· Landscape irrigation reduction - 0% · Indoor water use reduce - 32% · Energy performance - 50% · Renewable energy use - 24% · Construction waste diversion - 95% · Recycled content materials - 11% · Regional content materials - 22% · FSC certified wood - 60%

Cahill

12%

2008 LEED NC (V2) Gold - 44 pts

10%

· Landscape irrigation reduction - 51% · Indoor water use reduce - 41% · Energy performance - 35% · Renewable energy use - 0% · Construction waste diversion - 90% · Recycled content materials -18% · Regional content materials - 27% · FSC certified wood - 59%

Jorgensen 2013

Childcare Center

% of GSF

Schlinger

8%

6%

2010

2014

Broad Linde+Rebinson

2013

2010

4%

Annenberg

2%

2009

0% 2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Fiscal Year

2012

2013

2014

68

Water On Campus 2015 Usage

36%

Utility Plant Breakdown

Research Water Research Water

6M gals

22M gals 22M gals

15M gals

15M gals

Utility Plants

104M gals

Building64M gals Utility Plants 69 Domestic 104M gals

Blowdown

21M gals

Blowdown

21M gals

Evaporation

62M gals

Evaporation

64M gals

2015

62M gals

Water Consumption

350

36%

300

Heating

Building Domestic

150

100

64M gals

Central & Satellite Plants

50

Building Domestic

2008

Research Water

22M gals

200

0

6M gals

Irrigation

250

Gallons (millions)

014

6M gals

Heating

Irrigation Irrigation Building Domestic

Heating

2009

2010

2011 2012 2013 2014 Fiscal Year

2015

Irrigation

15M gals

Utility Plants

104M gals

Blowdown

21M gals

Evaporation

62M gals

Bechtel Residence Hall Grey Water Treatment

Water Use Reduction Goals

Potable Water

27%

Lavatory 48%

central plant

lavatory

laundry

showers

kitchen sinks

food service

toilets/ urinals

20%

irrigation

Kitchen Sink

5%

Showers

16%

Toilets | Urinals

17%

Waste Water

Kitchen Sink

3%

32%

Showers Water Savings

Greywater Treatment

Lavatory Toilets | Urinals Kitchen Sink Showers Water Savings

70

Lavatory

32%

Available Greywater

Toilets | Urinals

University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles, California

71

Campus Emissions Scope

UCLA

Scope 1 | 29%

1930 est.

Scope 2 | 44% Scope 3 | 27%

School Mascot The Bruin aka Brown bear

Population 43,236

3

Building Footprint

2

27,000,000

Building Stock

1

Total of 163 building

Academic Ranking UCLA Water Consumption

12th in the nation

20,000 18,000 16,000 14,000

College of Architecture Ranking

12,000 10,000 8,000

62nd in the nation

6,000 4,000 2,000 0

Baseline (99/00-01/02)

Current (2013/2014)

gallons per WCU

Coast Line Distance

2020 target

5 miles way from Pacific Ocean

72

University of California San Diego La Jolla, California

73

J. Craig Venter Institute

Students

The World’s Greenest Biological Laboratory

31,502 students (as of Fall 2014) 78,056 freshman applications for Fall 2015

Rainwater Harvesting

Sustainably Harvested Wood

Rainwater is captured, mechanically filtered, disinfected, and used for non-potable applications.12

All structural timber and wood members verified by the Forest Stewardship Council or the Sustainable Forestry Initiative, to ensure sustainable logging of trees and use of plantation grown wood.12

On-Site Renewable Solar

Natural Daylighting & Views

The entire electrical load is generated on-site from roofmounted photo-voltaic panels.12

The local micro-climate and views are honored by using filtered direct sunlight in public spaces with strategic glass placement.12

2.5% Native Low Water Landscaping

Solar PV Natural Gas Biomass Solar

The stone used is from local quarries, and the concrete contains local aggregates.

Coal

Energy Use 2013, By Source

Water Usage By Type 2011-12

0.25% 0.25%

2%

9%

Hydro Solar PV Hydro

88%

Hydro

The 2.8 megawatt fuel cell is the largest such cell on any college campus and provides about 8 percent of UC San Diego’s total energy needs.9

Operable windows improve the occupants’ comfort, and chilled beams cool and heat 88%office spaces efficiently without unnecessary fan power.12

Use of Regional Materials

2.5%

The award-winning 30 megawatt naturalgas-fired combined heat and power system provides 85 percent of the campus’s annual electricity needs and saves $8 million a year in energy costs.8

Energy Storage

0.25% 0.25% Natural Ventilation & 9% Passive Cooling

A palette of local plant species minimizes the need for maintenance, irrigation, or mowing, and created a natural habitat for local wildlife.12

Co-Generation Plant

33%

Biomass

Coal

Coal

11%

Lab

Industrial Housing

Irrigation

Irrigation

Natural Gas

Biomass

Industrial

5% 6%

18%

Solar PV

Natural Gas

Housing

25%

Solar power comes from 2.3 megawatts of conventional flat panel photovoltaics (rooftop solar) and two sun-tracking, lightconcentrating photovoltaic arrays.10

Lab

Other

Micro-grids have evolved from controlling

Restaurantsimple generator backup systems into

Restaurant Office

Micro-Grid

Office Other

sophisticated smart grids that can ensure reliability, resiliency and energy independence.

74

Net Positive Conference San Diego, California

75

Net Positive Conference - Crosson Studio22

THURSDAY 02.18.2016 8:00 am - 12:00 pm WORKSHOPS + SUMMITS 12:00 pm - 4:30 pm TOURS 1:00 pm - 5:00 pm WORKSHOPS + SUMMITS

Schedule Ne+ Posi+ive Energy + Water Conference February 18-19, 2016 Manchester Grand Hyatt | San

5:30 pm - 6:30 pm OPENING RECEPTION 6:30 pm - 8:00 pm OPENING KEYNOTE: JOHN TODD 8:30 pm NETWORKING DINNERS

FRIDAY 02.19.2016 7:00 am - 8:00 am BREAKFAST

8:00 am - 9:15 am MORNING KEYNOTE PANEL 9:30 am - 11:00 am MORNING SESSION 11:15 am - 12:15 pm LUNCH KEYNOTE: DENISE FAIRCHILD 12:15 pm - 1:00 pm LUNCH 1:00 pm - 2:15 pm AFTERNOON SESSION I 2:30 pm - 3:45 pm AFTERNOON SESSION II 4:00 pm - 5:15 pm AFTERNOON SESSION III 5:15 pm - 6:30 pm CLOSING RECEPTION 7:00 pm - 9:00 pm AFTER PARTY

76

Key Note Speakers JOHN TODD Restoration on water ecosystems through the healing of the water. The greening of the planet is the greatest work that we should be doing. Carbon neutrality design is good, but the question should be, is it is better to design buildings that give back to the environment? By using a vast range of plants, industrial waste can be eliminated from the water.

DENISE FAIRCHILD 77

It is time for radical change that will help provide clean energy, economic justice, and social equity; not only for the rich and powerful, but for everybody. United States is 5% of the worlds population and produces 25% of the global carbon emissions. It is time to change our ways; we need to stop thinking as a consumerist society and start being more conscious of all our choices.

MELINA LABOUCAN-MASSIMO Melina is tiring to save her homeland from the tar sands extraction. With the extraction of the tar sands, customs have been forgotten, animals are becoming extinct, health problems are rising and the environmental problems are expanding. People should know the impacts from drilling, since that the native water supply is getting contaminated and eventually spreading across North America.

SETH MAXWELL The Thirst Project uses students to build wells in places that are impacted by unsafe drinking water. In the first four years, the organization was able to help 180,000 people have access to safe drinking water everyday. Global change is not waiting the youth of the nation to step up, it needs to happen now, while we are still young to make an impact.

JULIAN MOCINE-MCQUEEN The mission of Green For All is to help to develop a green economy that is strong enough to lift people out of poverty.

The communities that are having trouble funding public projects, are also facing the environmental problems. Green For All doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t need to come up with all of the solutions; however, they can be the connecting element for each the green movements.

Key Speakers In an Era of Drought TARA BARAUSKAS

CLARK BROCKMAN

JOSIAH CAIN

JOEL CESARE

COURTNEY CROSSON

MARIANNA GROSSMAN 78

LISA MATTHIESSEN

RYAN MCEVOY

BILL WORTHEN

Student Insight “We need to price our resources according to their scarcity.” - Matt Sprott

Notes Quality and quantity of water is an issue around the world. We need to rethink how we manage water at site level.

What if every site sourced its own water? Capture & treat water 95% of water demand are non potable in offices. 50% of water demand are non potable in multifamily residences.

Non potable water sources should be match with non potable uses. On site use and REUSE; ALL WATER IS A RESOURCE. What is the true cost of water? How much is healthy water cost? Water cost inequity Do we have an energy crisis or a thinking crisis? It is a failure to believe that we need to sacrifice for the good of the environment.

Flushing toilets with potable water is a WASTE Water.

Key Speakers Nexus of Resiliency And Net Positive JOHN ANDARY

79

NEIL BULGER

Key Speakers Getting to Net Positive DYLAN CONNELLY

ALEJANDRO LIRUSSO

Student Insight

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Net zero energy and water can be achieved, if everyone (owners, users and designers) is willing to work for a better future of our planet.â&#x20AC;?

Denise Camacho

Notes

Dylan Connelly says that laying solar panels flat is more efficient that installing them with an angle or solar tracking. He and his team realize this when they had to work is a very restricting site.

Mexico does not have any net zero public building because every time they design a public building that is net zero, time constrains and last minute changes in the program do not allow to achieve the desired design. All of the net zero projects that can be found in Mexico are private housing for the upper class.

Key Speakers Toward Net Zero Water TARA BARAUSKAS

BRITA CARLSON

TIM KOHUT

JOHN MIMMS 80

Student Insight

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The question of WHY came up a few times. This is going to be a repeating question as we move forward in the semester. We are doing this because it is an investment in our resources, and it is the right thing to do.â&#x20AC;?

Christina Abrams

Notes

WHY conserve and reuse water? Why bother?

Rain water and treated gray water can be used to wash clothes and flush toilets but the authorities do not like it. They are afraid that a child would drink water out of the toilette and get sick they will get sue for approving the use of gray water; it is a similar situation with doing laundry with treated gray water, authorities are afraid of people getting rashes or skin disease.

Building affordable housing with a environmental impact conscious is important for the future of the planet.

Moore Ruble Yudell Architects Santa Monica, California

81

James M. O’Connor FAIA Principal

Micheal S. Martin AIA Principal

The desire to extend his range of design explorations beyond individual buildings and into urban design brought Micheal to the University of California, Los Angeles’ School of Architecture and Urban Planning, where he earned a Master of Architecture II degree in 1993. Four years after earning his Master of Architecture II degree at UCLA, Micheal joined the firm in 1997 and has since been Project Designer and Manager on a variety of projects.

About MRY Architects Moore Ruble Yudell Architects began over thirty years ago from founding partners Charles Moore, John Ruble, and Buzz Yudell through their shared passion of architecture that celebrates the spaces of human activity and enhances existing community.

Born and raised in Dublin, Ireland, James Mary O’Connor came to Charles Moore’s Master Studios at UCLA in 1982 as a Fulbright Scholar. James received his Bachelor of Science in Architecture from Trinity College in Dublin, his Diploma in Architecture from the Dublin Institute of Technology, and his Master of Architecture from UCLA.

With the office staff expanding to a count of sixty people, the firm is able to go after large, complex projects but are still able to keep a closeness between its employees.

Through successful outcomes, MRY has created important relationships all over the world.

Shanghai Tech University The new campus is sought to be a hub of collaboration, bringing together students, faculty, and administration; including various business leaders to enjoy the vibrancy of the campus hub.

Grangegorman Master Plan Currently in the process of preparation for Construction Documentation, the goal of this project is to create lively open spaces through large, connected gateways that link the unique districts of the campus, giving each zone its own identity and purpose.

Services Provided Architecture Programming Sustainability Interior Design Master Planning Campus Planning

82

7 Student Projects Five pairs of students were charged with the design of a net zero energy and water district as a (hypothetical) piece of the upcoming University of Arizona Master Plan. Using Bear Down, the Science and Engineering Library, Main Library, and two new dorms (to replace Hopi Lodge and Graham/Greenlee), students proposed a unique area of campus. The recent redesign of Bear Down, the Science and Engineering Library, and Main Library ( titled the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Student Success Districtâ&#x20AC;?) is adopted. The projects focus on the design of an overall district plan, open spaces, two new residence halls, and the energy and water systems and calculations that enable the district to reach net zero energy and water annually.

Design Partnerships Eliana Mercado and Craig Sheldon. Adaptation Matthew Sprott and Christina Abrams. Woven Julianna Sorrell and Yelin Zhong. Balance Jerrick Ann and Geng Li. Living Hub Denise Camacho and Ernesto Encinas. Branch

Adaptation Design Proposal By Eliana Mercado & Craig Sheldon

85

86

Site Observations Physical

The site for the Student Success District is just off of the main university mall, an expansive, open, green space free to all students and the community. The architecture is mainly brick and concrete with less and less greenery as you move towards the south.

Cultural

87

The bike is what stands out the most. Biking is the main choice for circulating around campus after walking. The amount of bikes in racks and paths calls for close attention.

Environmental

The courtyard design is evident in the current Graham/Greenlee residence hall but is not used effectively. We are interested in discovering how the courtyard scheme could be more successful.

Design Principle Connectivity Yet Identity Our district will provide the campus community with an enhanced connector between the main mall area, the stadium and athletics complex, and student housing row. This node between academic, athletic, and residential life will be an example of transformative master plan design for other districts of campus. While connecting the campus community, the district will also present a clear identity within the campus plan. The residents of the net zero district will clearly know when they are in their neighborhood and have a sense of belonging and pride to their smaller community.

The incorporation of the design for the current student success district allows this design to retain the pathways brought forth, bridging the gap between the university mall and fourth street. In an attempt to connect the libraries and Bear Down Gym with the new net zero dorms, the portion of fourth street between the five buildings will be blocked off to vehicles and allow bicycle and pedestrian traffic to still pass by. Doing so will enhance the already prominent bike culture present on campus, as well as alleviate circulation congestion brought about by the current layout of fourth street.

88

Massing Model

89

Proposed Site Circulation a look at the circulation on the site with the integration of the student success district X

X

X

Bear Down Gym

Science-Engineering Library

90

Main Library

New Dorms

KEY vehicular bicycle X X

pedestrian

91

Design Principle Energy And Water Efficiency While Addressing Human Comfort Our district is out to prove a point: net zero does not need to be arduous for the university or user. Human comfort will be enhanced rather than hindered by the opportunities that net zero design affords.

92 A variety of strategies (detailed in the following pages), are incorporated into our design in order to verify its net zero characteristics.

In terms of energy use: photovoltaic panels are placed on the roof in order to shade the space below and absorb light/heat from the sun to then be used for other use throughout the building; operable windows in each of the dorm rooms allow for natural ventilation to cool the space; exterior circulation equates to less space that needs to be conditioned.

In terms of water use: gray water recycling allows for the water from sinks and showers to be reused for washers, toilets, and irrigation; through the use of the living machine, black water is treated from toilets and the sewer main, to then be recycled further later on.

Energy Schematic

DA YLI

GH

SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC Solar awning on roof to provide energy for the dorm and act as a shade to inhabitable roof

GRID

BATTERY

93

INVERTER BUILDING APPS ENERGY EFFICIENT LIGHTING High efficiency LED lighting ENERGY EFFICIENT WATER HEATER High efficiency water heater to use less than half the energy of a conventional one ENERGY STORAGE Storage for backup power and peak loads

TIN

G

NATURAL VENTILATION Operable windows allow natural ventilation to flow through the rooms to reduce cooling loads BUILDING ENERGY READER Educates residents on the amount of energy spent over the day

LESS CONDITIONED SPACE Externalized circulation reduces the needed conditioning area and thus saves energy costs

WIND

CHILLED BEAMS

SMART APPLIANCES High effiency appliances provided such as kitchen appliances and laundry units

94

Water Schematic

GREYWATER TREATMENT Grey water is taken from the building, treated, and then reused

SHOWER 95

POTABLE SUPPLY

LAVS TOILET

TO SEWER

LIVING MACHINE The Living Machine takes sewage water and treats it through mimicry of a natural wetland

TO CENTRAL PLANT

WOONERF/BLUE-GREEN STREET Through the use of permeable surfacing, water is collected underneath to be recycled to the rest of the building

BUILDING WATER READER Educates residents on the amount of water used and gathered over the day

ROOF WATER

96

KITCHEN SINKS FOOD SERVICES

TREATMENT

INFILTRATE

SMART APPLIANCES High effiency appliances provided such as kitchen appliances and laundry units

STORAGE SEWER MAIN

TO CAMPUS WELL

Master Plan

97

Design Principle Creating A Sense Of Community

With a district at such a large scale it is important for the resident to feel comfortable and at home. We are aiming at creating a space welcoming to the entire district including the users of the libraries and Bear Down Gym but we should also acknowledge the want for privacy from the residents. Our goal is to divide up the residence hall into various layers of community.

98 Differing levels of community are seen through the use of the pod layout: two residents share a room, two rooms share a bathroom, and six rooms make up a pod that share a common lounge/study space.

On the fifth floor of the dorm, the residents are granted a private floor where they can come together as a community through various program functions such as a kitchen space with a lounge, study rooms, game rooms, fitness areas, and an outdoor roof garden. To contrast to that, the ground floor is more open to the public for use throughout the campus, and specifically the other buildings in the student success district.

Spatial Adjacencies A close analysis on spatial adjacencies of current dorms on the University of Arizona campus.

Graham -Greenlee

18’ 0”

11’ 0”

Population: 324 students Double Room: 198 sf each Dimensions: 11’ x 18’ Community Bathroom Style 8 electrical outlets

Hopi

12’

13’ 6”

Likins

17’ 6”

11’ 6”

Population: 369 students Double Room: 200 sf each Dimensions: 17’ 6” x 11’ 6” Community Bathroom Style 16 electrical outlets

Arbol de La Vida

17’ 6”

11’ 6”

Population: 719 students Double Room: 200 sf each Dimensions: 17’ 6” x 11’ 6” Community Bathroom Style 6 electrical outlets

Population: 776 students Double Room: 200 sf each Dimensions: 10’ x 20’ Suite Style Bathroom 4 electrical outlets

20’ 0”

Coronado

10’ 0”

99

Population: 117 students Double Room: 162 sf each Dimensions: 13’ 6” x 12’ Community Bathroom Style 8 electrical outlets

Courtyard Design

100

1

2

N

N

ENVIRONMENT & NATURAL RESOURCES 2 University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona

2

ARBOL DE LA VIDA RESIDENCE HALL University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona

N

LIKINS RESIDENCE HALL University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona

Ground Level Floor Plan

1

3

2

4

10

101

5

6

7

8 9

KEY

1. reception / mail center 2. lobby 3. market 4. prickly pear cafe 5. offices 6. community conference room 7. community conference room

mechanical room mechanical room

8. MEP water treatment energy center recycling & waste 9. sunken garden & living machine 10. woonerf

offices offices lobby lobby cafe cafe

market market reception reception

dorm room suite style) ( single)

Levels 2 - 4 Floor Plan

study space closet

1

4 2

3

102

4

KEY

1. student dorm room ( double suite style ) 2. RA room ( single ) 3. open air lounge / study space 4. janitorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s closet

lounge lounge RA rooms rooms RA private rooms private rooms

y space l area hering ed den / terrace

Level 5 Floor Plan

2

1

5

4

3

4

2

6

103

7

KEY

1. kitchen 2. lounge 3. laundry 4. group study area 5. recreational area 6. outdoor gathering 7. semi-shaded rooftop garden / terrace

garden/terrace garden / terrace game game roomroom tv room tv room recreational area recreational area open study open study laundry room laundry kitchen kitchen

orm room suite style) single)

Levels 6-7 Floor Plan

study space closet

1

4 2

3

104

KEY

1. student dorm room ( double suite style ) 2. RA room ( single ) 3. open air lounge / study space 4. janitorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s closet

lounge lounge RA rooms rooms private rooms private rooms

105

Design Principle Open Space As A Critical Component Our district will be a complete vision â&#x20AC;&#x201C; buildings, landscape, and public spaces.

The outdoors will be seen as the critical asset to enabling net zero energy and water design. For energy, outside spaces offer unconditioned, â&#x20AC;&#x153;energy-freeâ&#x20AC;? rooms. For water, the landscape provides essential passive treatment and infiltration areas.

Ecosystem system services can work in concert with architecture to provide the most integrated, biologically rich, and passive net zero design.

106 Exterior spaces are a critical component of the design. Working in tandem to achieve the goal of net zero, exterior spaces require less use of conditioning and offer a direct connection to nature. These instances of nature also provide treatment of reusable water for the district. The exterior spaces on each floor also allow users to congregate and come together as a community, through exterior lounges or an inhabitable roof terrace. This design sees open space as what ties the entire design and goal of the district together.

A

B

107

Building Sections

108 Section A

Section B

Woven Design Proposal By Matthew Sprott & Christina Abrams

109

110

111

Design Principle Connectivity Yet Identity

Everyday there are over 10,000 bikes ridden on the University of Arizona campus by students, professors and community members. The Student success district will link the major bike paths of the campus together, giving the university back to the pedestrian and the cyclist. The net zero district will give back to the university by providing research space, as well as amenities for the whole campus to use.

112

Building Form Eliminating the vehicle from the site allows for the building form to be shifted, giving priority to the pedestrian.

1. Site Constraints

2. Subtraction

3. Shift

4. Carve

113

Design Principle Experimental Lab For Sustainable Living To live in this affordable dorm, residents will be enrolled in a sustainable class to teach them behavior changes, the science behind net zero, and will be encouraged to experiment in the learning labs. The district will cultivate the University to strive to become more environmental concise.

114

115

Design Principle Energy + Water Efficiency While Addressing Human Comfort Reusing water from the dorm and sewer systems allows the landscapes and the sustainable well to be rejuvenated and used to increase the human comfort on site. This also helps to encourage healthy habits of walking and cycling as opposed to driving and increasing scope 3 emissions.

Other technical systems and sensors are used in the dorm to encourage sustainable techniques while allowing the user control.

116

Water Filtration | Infiltration Systems The water use on site is 100% reused and infiltrated back into the campus wells.

117

Black water filtration system including sewer mining and shading for pedestrians.

CENTRAL PLANT

SEWER LINE

LIVING MACHINE

Grey and storm water sent here is used to recharge the sustainable well.

GREY WATER F

FILTRATION

118

POTABLE WATER DRINKING, KITCHEN, SHOWER, + SINK

CAMPUS WELL

RAIN COLLECTION ROOF + PAVED AREA INFILTRATION

Energy Schematic The energy collected throughout the summer is used to offset the use during the school year.

PV PANEL

BATTERIES

119

INVERTER

PASSIVE SYSTEMS

BEHAVIOR CHANGE

EFFICIENT ENVELOPE

THERMAL MASS

LED LIGHTS

NIGHT VENTILATION

BUILDING USE

ENERGY EFFICIENT APPLIANCES

DC POWER TO AC POWER INVERTER UA CENTRAL PLANT

TUCSON GRID

BATTERY

214,247 sq ft OF PV PANELS IN THE STUDENT SUCCESS DISTRICT.

LED LIGHTS THAT RUN OFF OF DC POWER

Y STORAGE

120

AC POWER FOR THE OCCUPANTS TO USE

EXCESS POWER IS SUPPLIED TO THE U OF A GRID

121

Design Principle Open Space As A Critical Component A critical design element of the Student Success District is the outdoor spaces.

The overall building shifts to allow for a pregame area to the southeast and a plaza to the north that serves as an event space for the district. The use of native landscaping helps the district to achieve a net-positive water community by feeding a sustainable well, and filtering water to be used in toilets and laundry. With the hallways naturally ventilated, the building is able to breath, allowing the residents to have a healthier continuous natural air supply.

122

123

Dormitory Design The building serves as the face of the new campus district implementing several sustainable factors developed through precedent and site analysis.

TYPICAL RESIDENTIAL FLOOR PLAN

Typical Community Layout learning lab 1

learning lab 2

multipurpose

UP

tv/lounge

learning kitchen

multi

124

multipurpose

office

office commuter amenities res. lobby

mail room front desk

service station

commuter lobby

4' - 0"

8’ - 0"

Typical Floor Plan

GROUND LEVEL

4' - 0"

4' - 0"

8’ - 0"

Roof Plan

8’ - 0"

TYPICAL RESIDENTIAL FLOOR PLAN

125

Design Principle Density and Affordability

With the replacement of Hopi Hall and Graham â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Greenlee, students can expect a greater sense of community. The 1950â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s housing is needing to be replaced, not because of the structural integrity of the dorms, but due to the fact that University of Arizona is increasing the student population. To compensate for the construction costs, an underground parking facility will be erected, to pay for the Net Zero Dorm in less than 30 years.

These moves begin to densify the campus while addressing cost and directing that toward parking.

126

Student Success District Shading & Operations Underground parking allows for the pedestrian to gain priority on the main level.

PRE-GAME

SHADING BASED ON SOLAR ORIENTATION

127

CROSS VENTILATION

GREEN AREAS

The curved facade allows views to the stadium.

Users control the facade.

128

Section AA

plug load

kilowatts per academic year

LED lights 16,600 LEDmounted lights 16,600 laptop 118,800 plug load kilowatts cell phone charge 11,205per academic year tv LED lights 13,200 16,600 fridge + mircowave 82,170 LEDmounted lights 16,600 clothes 51,000 laptopwasher 118,800 clothes drier charge 408,000 cell phone 11,205 fantv 207,500 13,200 coffemaker fridge + mircowave 840,375 82,170 printer 49,800 clothes washer 51,000 plug load kilowatts per academic EUI 17year 704,375 clothes drier 408,000 24,900 KWH/SQFT/YEAR fancan lights 207,500 mounted lights 33,200 coffemaker 840,375 laptop 118,800 printer 49,800 cell phone charge 11,205 EUI 17 704,375 tv 13,200 KWH/SQFT/YEAR fridge + mircowave 82,170 clothes washer 144,000 GREY WATER GALLONS clothes drier 600,000 250,000 fan 207,500 coffemaker 840,375 200,000 printer 49,800 150,000 GREY WATER GALLONS 2,125,150 EUI 52 250,000 KWH/SQFT/YEAR 100,000

BEHAVIOR CHANGE

STANDARD DORMITORY

=

=

129

=

150,000 jan -

feb

mar april may

june

july

Supply Shower + Lavatory

100,000

jan

-

ENERGY STAR APPLIANCES Main library

70,248 sqft plug load kilowatts per academic year LED lights 16,600 Science + engineering library 20,207 sqft LED mounted lights 16,600 laptop 118,800 cell phone 11,205 Solar panelcharge distribution through district. tv 13,200 fridge + mircowave 82,170 clothes washer 51,000 BLACK WATER clothes drier 408,000 120,000 fan 207,500 100,000 coffemaker 840,375 printer80,000 49,800 BLACK WATER 60,000 1,815,250 EUI 44 120,000 40,000 KWH/SQFT/YEAR

=

agu sept oct

nov

80,000 -

dec

60,000 jan

feb

mar

april

may

june

Supply Toilet + Kitchen

40,000

Demand Toilet

feb

POTABLE june WATER july

mar april may

agu sept oct

nov

-

dec

jan

250,000 Supply Shower + Lavatory

350,000

Demand Toilet

july

agu

sept

oct

nov

dec

Demand Central Plant

feb

mar

POTABLE WATER april

may

june

Supply Toilet + Kitchen

july

agu

sept

oct

nov

Demand Central Plant

200,000

300,000 250,000

150,000

200,000

100,000

150,000 100,000

50,000

50,000 -

Net zero dorm 33,500 sqft

20,000

50,000 400,000

Cherry parking garage 90,292 sqft

100,000 20,000

200,000 50,000

GALLONS

The water and energy budget are brought to net zero by off setting the use with the amount gained.

jan

feb

mar april may

june

Supply Storm Water Capture

july

agu sept oct

nov

Demand Sustainable Well

dec

jan

feb

mar april may

june

july

agu sept oct

Supply Sustainable Well

Demand Shower + Lavatory

Demand Drinking

Demand Kitchen

nov

dec

dec

Design Principle Architecture Motivated Behavior Change To make the district sustainable, all will need to be aware of their daily habits. With the shared amenities, the form will lower energy demand while creating a community.

Although architecture and planning cannot solve social and environmental challenges by themselves, they can create an infrastructure to empower inhabitants to make better choices and live more fulfilling lives.

130

Balance Design Proposal By Julianna Sorrell & Yelin Zhong

131

Student Lounge | Green Atrium

132

Site Observations

HI G

HL AN D

HI G

D O RM

HL AN D

S

D O RM

S

PHYSICAL

UN I

VE RS ITY

OF AR IZO NA MA LL

CULTURAL

HI G H

LA N D

D O RM

S

133

ITY O

FA RIZ ON A

MA

S

D O RM H

IG H

LA

N D

HI G H

LA N

D O RM

D

pa r ga king rag e

vehicular

Our Site Observations led to a critical discovery of an incredible social opportunity that could arise from activating the South East corner. This area has the potential to become activated in a way that it has never been before.

ENVIRONMENTAL

LL

S

UN IVE RS

We began looking at the existing axis within the district and observed the differences between what exists now and what is being considered for the Bear Down Student Success District Proposal. Documenting these simple details were critical in how we would move forward and develop the immediate site for the Net Zero Student Residence Hall.

cycle

pedestrian

The U of A has developed a Storm Water Management Plan (SWMP) to comply with state regulations. The main purpose is to ensure that campus activities are not a source of pollution for surface water that flows through the campus. We began studying the different methods the campus has enacted that encourages a lush, green campus in the Sonoran Desert.

Campus Social Culture

61.4%

of students graduate in 3-6 years

4

The Urban Fabric |

professional performing arts

FINE ARTS

2 galleries

Gallagher Theater

N

B B

tucson’s urban core

R

K

CONGRESS

U

OR TW

NE

WORLD CLASS MUSEUMS

A

N

F

A

FILM

9

4th ave

UR

BA

international students

DEMOGRAPHICS

5 . 9 % asian 3 . 8 % african 2 6 . 9 % american 5 6 . 5 % hispanic

5.7%

R

Hanson Film Institute

countries

WOMEN

annual street fair 21 restaurants 35 shops

MEN

INTRAMURALS 20

sports leagues

67

9

Leadership |

merchants UNIVERSITY BOULEVARD

LEADERSHIP

CAMPUS CULTURE

ATHLETICS

Through the extremities of the designed master plan, which was aligned with the University’s 2009 Masterplan, we can cultivate spaces along the North to South axis in a way that allows and encourages the Campus to maintain a critical need for spatial growth as society socially evolves.

Poetry Center

IC

112

CULTURAL CENTERS

How Can We Become Part of the Campus Social Culture?

9

We want to help the University of Arizona become one of the main players for sustainable innovation of University Campuses in the U.S.

4

Athletics |

ASUA

GREEK LIFE

43

ZONA ZOO

STUDENT GOVERNMENT

SORORITIES AND

FRATERNITIES

446

9000

STUDENT SEATS

10K+

FAMILY MEMBERS

FAMILY WEEKEND

EVENTS + PROGRAMS

25000 VISITORS IN 2014

SPRING FLING

15K+ ATTENDEES

HOMECOMING

ARIZONA BLUECHIP PROGRAM

service integrity diversity excellence

clubs and organizations

TAILGATING!!!

Events & Programs | We see attractive possibilities for the college student that chooses to attend the University of Arizona and lives in the Balance Dormitory.

Outdoor Movies Game Rooms/ Social Study Lounges & so much more!

134

Client Research Brain development and how higher education is affecting the College Student.

IMAGE

t h i s s ca n i s r e v ea l i n g

S i m u la t e d T ha la m o c o r t i c o l Bra i n N e t w o r k

Neurons

L o w p e r s o na l c o n t r o l a c t i va t e s t h e su b c o r t i c o l L i m b i c a r ea s o f t h e b ra i n w h i ch ea d s t o h e i g h t e n e d a n x i e t y a n d a n i n cr ea s e i n c o r t i s o l l e v e l s .

O n e o f t h e m o s t i n t r i g u i n g a r ea s o f c u r r e n t r e s ea r ch i s t h e i m p a c t o f na tu r e o n g e n e ra l w e l l b e i n g. In o n e s tu d y i n M i n d , 9 5 % o f t h o s e interviewed said their mood improved a ft e r s p e n d i n g t i m e o u t s i d e , cha n g i n g from depressed, stressed, and a n x i o us t o m o r e ca l m a n d b a la n c e d .

3 million & 476 million synapses

EXPOSURE TO NATURE NOT ONLY MAKES YOU FEEL BETTER EMOTIONALLY, IT CONTRIBUTES TO YOUR PHYSICAL WELLBEING, REDUCING BLOOD PRESSURE, HEART RATE, MUSCLE TENSION, AND THE PRODUCTION OF STRESS HORMONES.

36.4%

41.6%

depression

anxiety

t h e b ra i n d e v e l o p s t h e f o l l o w i n g a d u l t c o n n e c t i o n s

1

Motivation

2

Focused Attention

4

Response Regulation

5

Behavioral Flexibility

3

Working Memory Goal-Directed Learning

35.8%

r e la t i o n sh i p problems N i n e t y-f i v e p e r c e n t o f c o l l e g e c o u n s e l i n g c e n t e r d i r e c t o r s su r v e y e d s a i d t h e n u m b e r o f s tu d e n t s w i t h s i g n i f i ca n t p s y ch o l o g i ca l p r o b l e m s i s a g r o w i n g c o n c e r n i n t h e i r c e n t e r o r o n ca m p us , a c c o r d i n g t o t h e la t e s t A s s o c ia t i o n f o r Un i v e r s i t y a n d C o l l e g e C o u n s e l i n g C e n t e r D i r e c t o r s su r v e y o f c o u n s e l i n g c e n t e r d i r e c t o r s . APA

135

Personal Control

activates the Prefrontal Cortex

activates the Subcortical Limbic areas

Notes

Low Personal Control

Architectural Meaning What does the student need in order to feel at home and to be energized and inspired intellectually?

PRI NCI PLE # 1

P RI NC I P LE # 2

P RI NC I PLE # 3

PR IN C IPLE #4

PR IN C IPLE # 5

P R I NCI P LE #6

C on n e c t i vit y Ye t I den t it y

A r chi t e c tu r e Mo t i vat e d B ehav i or C hang e

D en s i t y & A ff or da b i l i t y

Open Space a s a C ri t i ca l Component

E n e rgy & Wa te r E ff i c i e n c y W h i l e A d d r e s s i n g Huma n Comfor t

E x p eriment a l L a b F o r Sus t a ina b l e L i ving

A S en s e o f Hom e In t e ra c t i o n

In s pi ra t i o na l

Community

A s pi ra t i o na l

C o nv e n i e n c e

C om f or t ab i l i t y

E n e r gi z i n g

C r ea t i v i t y

E n c o u ra g i n g

TEMPORAL

EMOTIONAL

Sp a t ial Qu ali t i e s

A u ri c Q u a l i t i e s

Left

Right

The College Student Brain

In f or mal

R ela xe d

136

Design Concept & Master Plan

The intention for the Bear Down Student Success District and the new Net Zero Energy and Water Residence Hall is to essentially define a cultural shift in how our landscapes are valued, so that the urgency and importance of implementing sustainable landscapes is understood.

137

Landscape Design Organization | Biomes

The Orchard

To support this idea our intention is architecturally defined through the design of aspiring spaces that inspire college life in a way that encourages and energizes students to strive for their best, all while having fun. We hope to amplify the social, intellectual, and fun period of time in these young peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s lives. It is also important to provide a relaxed and informal sense of home but also serve aspirational and creative needs of young people living in the Balance Student Residence Hall.

The Forest

Green Atrium

Green Atrium

The Maze

Bio Basin

Grasslands

The 817-room Student Residence Hall is designed with modern furniture and amenities like game rooms, a cafe, and an outdoor plaza to watch outdoor movies and tailgating. It becomes a home away from home with stylish micro environments for students to cozy up or have social gatherings indoor or outdoor.

soul

Landscape

outer circle everything

exploring

duality

YANG

The Student Brain

to

A Sense of Home

find

Green Atrium

A State of Well-Being

the

Balance

YIN heart

Architecture

Opposite or Contrary Forces are actually complementary, interconnected, and interdependent in the natural They give rise to each other as they interrelate to one another

The state of being comfortable, healthy, and happy

138

Scale: 1/64” = 1’-0”

139

Rendering

Balance Residence Hall The Orchard | The Forest

Design Principle Open Spaces As Critical Components The proposal for the Bear Down Student Success District is rooted in the relationship between the college student brain, the rise of anxiety and depression in college students due to the pressure they are under, and how we want to combat that with appropriate landscapes and outdoor spaces that inspire and energize college life in a way that encourages students and cultivates social and intellectual interactions.

A thorough analysis of the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;College Student Brainâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; encouraged our original theory that being outdoors increases your overall well-being in terms of physical and mental health in positive ways.

140

Ground Level Floor Plan

141

Scale: 1/8” = 1’-0”

Level 2 Floor Plan

142

Scale: 1/8” = 1’-0”

Level 4 Floor Plan

143

Scale: 1/8” = 1’-0”

Roof Level Plan

144

Scale: 1/8” = 1’-0”

145

Balance Residence Hall Cafe

Design Principle Connectivity Yet Identity

We found it incredibly important to learn from the existing connections on the UofA campus and how the campus network is really functioning. It is a complex matrix of human motion and the question becomes ‘how do you become a part of such a large campus structure that has been defined and evolving for over a hundred years without disrupting and devastating the different dynamics?’

We see lush pathways, that serve as gateways, leading the inhabitants to their destinations. We see the common path as opportunity for interaction and inspiration.

We found value in developing the outdoor spaces just as much as the indoor spaces of the residence hall. Through these approaches we were able to define natural Biomes, different landscaped densities of vegetation to serve different personal and social purposes. The designed landscapes will serve as the means in which we plan to “infect” the campus biologically by reaching beyond the immediate site and gain an identity as a Net Zero addition to campus.

146

147

Balance Residence Hall Mail Room

Design Principle Energy & Water Efficiency While Addressing Human Comfort The design proposal for a Net Zero Energy and Water Student Residence Hall is a unique one. Many major factors need to be considered throughout the entirety of the design process. How do you design a lifestyle for young adults, who have specific needs and opinions, in a way that is comfortable and efficient?

We strongly believe in a design approach that is firmly rooted in exposing the student residence hall inhabitants to the outdoors and the positive change that could come from simply walking outdoors from one hall to the next across a garden bridge, instead of the existing alternative of enclosed, poorly lit, and poorly ventilated hallways.

Here we are designing in a way that you can bring the natural necessities of life, air and sunlight, into even the smallest of spaces where our normal daily tasks occur. We hope to encourage even the smallest sense of behavioral change for future generations through educating and encouraging a lifestyle that addresses human comfort as a formative solution of energy and water efficient strategies.

148

Po tab l e Suppl y

Water Schematic

Shower

Hand Washing

Drinking

Kitchen

Sur f a c e Runo ff & S tormwa ter Managemen t

Gre ywater ( Trea tme n t )

Irrigation

149

p ermeabl e, on si te b io basins that manage all onsi te rainwater

1

Laundry

Toilet Flushing

C a p ture

R e du c e p ollu tant loads in rainwater

CO2

C leanse 2

R e d u c e d owns tream damage f rom runo ff

3

S af el y move, c ontrol , c ontain rainwater

4

C ap ture rain f or reuse (human & natural , f rom irrigat ion and toi le t f lushing to groundwater re charge)

5

R e s tore or create hab i tat

Infiltrate

S ep t ic Tan k

Memb ran e Bi orea c tor clean water

Groundwater

Bio - S o l ids

Trea te d O f f S i te

Fu ture En ergy R e c o ver y Po s sib il i t ie s

R is k D e te c t i on

H 2O 2

hydrogen peroxide

CO2

carbon dioxide

Hold i ng Tan k R a inwa te r f rom R o o f

ro o f s c re e n

A c t i va te d C a rb on

H o lding Ta nk

Orga nic D e s t ruc t io n

S e d i m e nt F il te r

150

Va cuum Ul t raf i l ter H o lding Ta nk Ele c t ro -Iro n Me d ia te d A erat io n

200,000.00 1,200,000

180,000.00 160,000.00

1,000,000

140,000.00

800,000

120,000.00 SSD grey water

600,000

SSD black water 400,000

net zero dorm grey water

100,000.00

net zero dorm black water

80,000.00

* G allons P er S quar e Foot

60,000.00 200,000 -

40,000.00 20,000.00

Main Library

Science & Bear Down Engineering Gymnasium Library

Balance

Student Residence

-

Jan Feb Mar Apr MayJ un Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

151

Building Elevations

152 North Elevation Scale: 1/8” = 1’-0”

South Elevation Scale: 1/8” = 1’-0”

153

Building Elevations

154 East Elevation Scale: 1/8” = 1’-0”

West Elevation Scale: 1/8” = 1’-0”

155

Scale: 1/8” = 1’-0”

Building Sections

Longitudinal Section

156

Transverse Section & Critical Wall Section

Observations + 2009 Planning Themes

157

2003-2009 Consistent Themes 1 Open Space

2009-2013 2 ConnectionsMaster Plan Themes 3 Edges & Gateways 4 Infill Strategy 5 Housing 6 Transportation & Transit 7 Infrastructure 8 Sustainability

Sustainability Campus as a Living Laboratory Climate Commitment

Opportunity for Collaboration Modern Street Car Stop Engaging downtown Tucson Public Private Partnerships

Campus & Community Edges & Greenways Gateways

We Propose 3 Landscape Design Principles ...rooted in Unity, Balance, and Variety with a design emphasis as they apply to line, form, texture, and color.

Studio-Wide Principles

Student Success District Scope

1 Connectivity Yet Identity 2 Architecture Motivated Behavior Change 3 Density & Affordability 4 Open Spaces As A Critical Component 5 Addressing Energy & Water Efficiency While Human Comfort 6 Density & Affordability

We believe it is in the Universityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s best interest to invest in appropriate landscaping that unites the campus and is beneficial to the mind, body, and spirit.

Strategies 1. Increase Campus Community and Engagement 2. Acknowledge and Design Landscapes as a Vital Part of Campus Life.

3. Implement Sustainable Campus Landscapes as a Form of Education to Students, Employess, and the Community.

158

Living Hub Design Proposal By Jerrick Ann & Geng Li

Master Plan

EXPERIMENTAL LAB FOR SUSTAINABLE LIVING

161

Our district is a place that inspires wider change and serves a microcosm for what other areas of campus could become. This change can be in the immediate moment or in the long-term. It can happen at the scales of individual behavior or campus planning. The district will a vibe of active experimentation to model sustainable living to the campus, city, and world. This “living-learning lab” will attract members from all corners of campus to particulate in creating our sustainable future.

OPEN SPACE AS A CRITICAL COMPONENT Our district will be a complete vision buildings, landscape, and public spaces. The outdoors will be seen as the critical asset to enabling net zero energy and water design. For energy, outside spaces offer unconditioned, “energy-free” rooms. For water, the landscape provides essential passive treatment and infiltration areas. Ecosystem system services can work in concert with architecture to provide the most integrated, biologically rich, and passive net zero design.

4

CONNECTIVITY YET IDENTITY Our district will provide the campus community with an enhanced connector between the main mall area, the stadium and athletics complex, and student housing row. This node between academic, athletic, and residential life will be an example of transformative master plan design for other districts of campus. While connecting the campus community, the district will also present a clear identity within the campus plan. The residents of the net zero district will clearly know when they are in their neighborhood and have a sense of belonging and pride to their smaller community.

Design Principle Open Space As A Critical Component Our district will provide the campus community the sunken garden with integrated seating and the quad front of the entry to the gardens create critical scale throughout the open space.

162 Rather than surrendering one of the most centrally located plots of the campus to a single program, we propose a symbolic multitude of functions, combining public and private, visitors and residents , educational and cultural functions in a single hybrid entity meeting rooms, study rooms, and classrooms are at the ground level, combined with abundant community areas and gardens for the passerby.

163

Rendering

Design Principle Experimental Lab For Sustainable Living A water cube is located in the center of the this mix between community space and housing space. Its design reacts to the constraints and potential of the different programs.

164 The addition of the net zero housing in the master planning process will provide sustainable housing for 800 students and extra-curricular events for the campus.

The buildings are arranges in a C - shaped around the courtyard that creates a new net zero housing environment to the outdoors.

In terms of energy use: Exterior walkways and hallways access the dorms, which helps minimize the climate controlled space. This design concept allows ability to naturally ventilate all the spaces.

Water Schematic A

C

B

A. B. C.

UNDERNEATH THE COMMUNITY UNDERNEATH THE LIVING HUB UNDERNEATH THE HOUSING G

1.

EXTRACTION POINT

3.

ANOXIC MOVING BED BIOREACTOR

5.

HYDROPONIC REACTORS

6.

DEMONSTRATION RECIPROCASTING WETLAND

2

2.

ROTARY SCREE

1

165 3 4

5

6

6

4.

AEROB MOVING BIOREA

Y GARDEN B GARDEN

11

Y N

IC G BED ACTOR

11. C

ENTRAL PLANT DISTRIBUTION

10

8

7

10.

9

7

STORAGE TANK

8.

DISK FILTER

9.

ULTRAVIOLET DISINFECTION

7.

CLARIFIER TANK

166

Water Schematic unfiltered

filtered

8.

11.

6.

167

Water is being distributed to the living hub.

An alternate treatment system, this area demonstrates a highly energy efficiency treatment in a cell.

9.

7.

Clean water flows to a filter to remove the remaining particulate material

Filtered water then is treated with an ultraviolet light that provides extensive disinfection to meet local health requirement.

Remaining solids from the treated water is oncely more treated to remove solids 5.

10.

Treated water clair is treated in tanks roots. Water is trea on the plant roots engineered bio fabr

Fully treated water is as a reserve supply

2.

Wastewater flows through a screen to be prefiltered for the first time.

3.

Wastewater then flows to low oxygen environment where microorganisms living begin to metabolize carbon and nitrogen.

4.

Wastewater then flows to an oxygen containing environment for treatment process.

6.

An alternate treatment system, this area demonstrates a highly energy efficiency treatment in a cell .

168

7.

ty increases as water with suspended plant ated by microbes living and on the specially ic. stored underground

1.

Remaining solids from the treated water is oncely more treated to remove solids.

Wastewater is segregated from the sewer system.

8 STUDENTS PER UNIT

OUTDOOR

169

INDOOR

SHOWER

35,000 sf

x3

WASHING/ BRUSHING

1.6 g

x3

TOILET

27.7 g AVG WATER USAGE / person

96

30

79,776 g

UNITS

DAYS

MONTH USAGE

0.62

30

CONVERSION TO GALLON

MONTH

2.2 g

DAYS

651,000g MONTH USAGE

INDOOR

17.2 g

PV

DAY

Water Schematic

MONTH

5,115 PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION OF ELECTRICITY /YEAR

PV

8 STUDENTS PER UNIT

PV

12 MONTH

96

INDOOR

INDOOR

MONTH

Energy Schematic

4kWh PER DAY

UNITS

2078

30

# OF PV

DAYS

426.25 kWh AVG WATER USAGE / person

327,360 kWh MONTH USAGE

249,360 kWh MONTH

170

The Living Hub | Sunken Garden Net zero self sustained water schematic design.

Living Hub

R a t h e r n t h a n s u The r r e noutdoor d e r i nliving g o nlaboratory e o f t hfor e the m o ssuccess t c e n district t r a l l yis l ao chigh ated plo m u l t i t u d e o f f u nperformance c t i o n s , cintegration o m b i n i nofg the p unet b l i zero c a housing n d p r i and v a tsite e , v that isitors a h y b r i d e n t i t y m efunctions e t i n g as r o both o m soutdoor , s t u study d y r oand o mentry s , aplaza. n d cThe l a entry s s r otoo the ms are a a n d g a r d e n s f o r water t h e hub p a is s sextended e r b y . to provide a public space that sustains urban wildlife and extents the net zero housing environment to outdoors.

Here, students, faculty, and visitors are invited to explore a network of gathering spaces nestled within sunken gardens, which are irrigated in most part by harvesting water. This sunken garden nestled in the success district serves as a place for student to study, gather, gain education and observe sustainable design first hand.

171

GARDEN

SUNKEN GARDEN

RAMP CONNECTING TO SUNKEN GARDEN

Sunken Garden Living Laboratory

The outdoor living laboratory for the success district is a high performance integration of the net zero housing and site that functions as both outdoor study and entry plaza. The entry to the water hub is extended to provide a public space that sustains urban wildlife and extents the net zero housing environment to outdoors. Here, students, faculty, and visitors are invited to explore a network of gathering spaces nestled within sunken gardens, which are irrigated in most part by harvesting water. This sunken garden nestled in the success district serves as a place for student to study, gather, gain education and observe sustainable design first hand.

e c a m p u s t o a s i n g l e p r o g r a m , w e p r o p o s e a s y m b o Water l t i c Collection ents , educational and cultural functions in a single o u d l e v e l , c o m b i n e d w i t h a b u n d a n t c o m m u n i t y a r e a The s sunken garden will respond during the raining season collecting

rain water in the garden. During the dry season the sunken garden will remain dry and provide unique experience nestled in the garden. The garden design demonstrates utilization of total 16,000 gallons of rain water. This active water storage space will allow students, faculties, and visitors observe sustainable design in first hands on laboratory experience.

172

BRIDGE CONNECTING TO SUCCESS DISTRICT

ENTRANCE TO WATER CUBE

ENTRANCE TO SUNKEN GARDEN

Ground Level Floor Plan

1

2

3

4

6 5

173 7 8

9

KEY

1. laundry 2. study room 3. meeting room 4. reception 5. kitchen 6. water hub 7. sitting area

8. study room 9. meeting room

Level 2 Floor Plan 1

2 3 5

174

4

6

KEY

1. living area 2. water hub 3. lobby 4. storage 5. RA room 6. sitting area

Levels 3-6 Floor Plan 1

2

175 3

4

KEY

1. living area 2. RA room 3. storage 4. sitting area

Levels 7-8 Floor Plan 2 1

176

3

KEY

1. living space 2. RA room 3. PV panels

177

Rendering

Design Principle Connectivity Yet Identity

The new community space connects bike and pedestrian paths on both sides of the campus creating a campus flow to the Success District to the south as part of the campus.

178 Application to Design The entrance to the central courtyard connecting the housing and the community responds to the passage from the other buildings from the success district.

179

Building Sections

180 Section A

Section B

Branch Design Proposal By Ernesto Encinas & Maria Denise Camacho

Site Observations Physical

On site material exploration noticed the most commonly used are concrete and brick

Cultural

The Student Success District is located adjacent to the Arizona Football Stadium creating a high traffic area during games.

The area also houses approx. 300 students on site. Also linked to student learning with library access on the District.

183

Environmental

1

2

The site is poorly lit and seating near the area is rare to none at all. Adjacent to the dorms located south of the chemistry building there is a plaza area that is not utilized and embraced by students due to the lack of seating and shading.

Design Principle Architecture Motivated Behavior Change

Rendering

Our district will enable positive behavior change toward environmental good, we hope that through the design the residents of the dorms will become aware that just by setting the air conditioning to 78 degrees in summer and 68 degrees in winter helps save energy. Utilizing natural ventilation and lighting not only helps reduce energy consumption but also is better for physical and mental health. Although architecture and planning cannot solve social and environmental challenges by themselves, they can create an infrastructure to empower inhabitants to make better choices and live more fulfilling lives.

The district will be of an aesthetic to inspire greater investment in the built and natural environment, we are trying to achieve this by creating green areas that are inviting to the dorms inhabitants as well as the university population. To make the district more inviting we decided to close 4th st to vehicular traffic and focus on pedestrian and cyclist access.

184

Building Form Development

SITE

RESPONSE TO SITE CONTEXT

RESPONSE TO PROGRAM SUMMER SOLSTICE 81

185

WINTER SOLSTICE 36

Air direction 45o

Air direction 270o

RESPONSE TO PREVAILING WINDS & NATURAL LIGHTING Air velocity at 8 ft

Air velocity at 32 ft

PREVALLING WINDS

Air velocity at 54 ft

Proposed Site Circulation a look at the circulation on the site with the integration of the student success district

186

Vehic Pede Bicyc

200’

100’ 50’ 10’

Vehicular access Pedestrian access Bicycle access

187

Design Principle Energy and Water Efficiency While Addressing Human Comfort Our district is out to prove that net zero does not need to be arduous for the university or user. We believe that by accomplishing a net zero district we are not only lowering water and energy expenses but also doing our part to help the environment.

By becoming net positive in water we are providing a solution to the drought problem because if the drought get worst the state of Arizona becomes the fist to be ration by the Central Arizona Project which provides 1.5 millions acre-feet of water a year to our state.

Since the living machine requires specific species of flora that are not native to the Sonoran dessert but to an environment were water is abundant, the district will create an oasis in campus. There for human comfort will be enhanced rather than hindered.

188

Energy System Schematic

Roof area of 16 277 sq ft

Roof area of 40 864 sq ft

Roof area of Roof area of 63 155 sq ft 98 035 sq ft

189

Roof square foot areas that will help us accomplish net zero energy

Photovoltaics Solar Charge Controler

UA grid Charger

Inverter

UA Grid

Distribute to the district Inverter Solar charger controler

District

Water System Schematic Ultraviolet

Filter

Rain water harvesting Reed 1

Tidal 3

Reed 2

Gray water

Tidal 2

190 Anaerobic Aerator

Tidal 1

G MACHINE SYSTEM Black water Toilet water supply Living machine system Tidal 1 (living machine)

Anaerobic aerator

Gray water treatment Rain water storage Gray water storage

UA well water potable supply Rain water treatmet

Septic tank

Massing Model

191

Master Plan

192

SITE PLAN

0’

16’

32’

Design Principle Open Space as a Critical Component Our district will be a complete vision buildings, landscape, and public spaces.

The outdoors will be seen as the critical asset to enabling net zero energy and water design since they are design to offer unconditioned rooms that are natural ventilated and illuminated.

193 The landscape also provides essential passive treatment and infiltration areas. By including the living machine in our design the planters that contain the flora will help with evaporative cooling while the design of the building helps create breeze ways.

Ecosystem system services can work in concert with architecture to provide the most integrated, biologically rich, and passive net zero design.

Ground Level Floor

PROGRAM

Dorm Unit RA Dorm Egress Elevator Lobby Mail Room Metting Room Offices Study Rooms Kitchen & Dinning Room Public Restrooms Storage Community Room Water & Waste Treatment & Management

NET AREA

GROSS AREA

47 640 sq ft 3 180 sq ft 30 sq ft 2 533 sq ft 289 sq ft 485 sq ft 508 sq ft 1 282 sq ft 2 060 sq ft 250 sq ft 310 sq ft 1 513 sq ft 3 079 sq ft

122 160 sq ft 6 204 sq ft sq ft 2 714 sq ft

RA Dorm Room NET AREA 47 640 sq ft

Dorm Unit

3 180 sq ft RA Dorm Ground Level Programmatic Adjacencies Egress Elevator Lobby Mail Room Metting Room Offices Study Rooms Kitchen & Dinning Room Public Restrooms Storage Community Room Water & Waste Treatment & Management

Double Dorm - Room NET 30 sq ft RestroomAREA 2 533 sq ft Shower 289 sq ft 485Area sq ft Common 508 sq ft 1 282 sq ft 2 060 sq ft 250 sq ft 310 sq ft 1 513 sq ft 3 079 sq ft

RA Dorm Room

194

NET AREA GROSS AREA 94 sq ft 200 sq ft 77 sq ft

Bathroom

PROGRAM

545 sq ft 571 sq ft 1 454 sq ft 2 246 sq ft 286 sq ft 362 sq ft 1 673 sq ft 3 294 sq ft

117 sq ft

GROSS AREA 122 160 sq ft NET AREA 6 204GROSS sq ft AREA 120 sq ft - 189 sq ft GROSS 56 sq ft sq ftAREA 64 sq ft 2 714 sq ft 51 sq ft 60 sq ft ft sq ft 170 sq 545 ft sq 197 571 sq ft 1 454 sq ft 2 246 sq ft 286 sq ft 362 sq ft 1 673 sq ft 3 294 sq ft

NET AREA GROSS AREA 94 sq ft 200 sq ft

SITE PLAN

0’

16’

32’

Second To Fifth Levels Floor Plan

PROGRAM

Dorm Unit RA Dorm Egress Elevator Lobby Mail Room Metting Room Offices Study Rooms Kitchen & Dinning Room Public Restrooms Storage Community Room Water & Waste Treatment & Management

195

NET AREA

GROSS AREA

47 640 sq ft 3 180 sq ft 30 sq ft 2 533 sq ft 289 sq ft 485 sq ft 508 sq ft 1 282 sq ft 2 060 sq ft 250 sq ft 310 sq ft 1 513 sq ft 3 079 sq ft

122 160 sq ft 6 204 sq ft sq ft 2 714 sq ft

Dorms Programmatic Adjacencies RA Dorm Room Bathroom

Double Dorm Room

545 sq ft 571 sq ft 1 454 sq ft 2 246 sq ft 286 sq ft 362 sq ft SECOND FLOOR 1 0’ 16’ 673 32’ sq ft 3 294 sq ft

NET AREA GROSS AREA 94 sq ft 200 sq ft 77 sq ft

117 sq ft

NET AREA GROSS AREA 120 sq ft 189 sq ft

Restroom

56 sq ft

64 sq ft

Shower

51 sq ft

60 sq ft

Common Area

170 sq ft

197 sq ft

Sixth Level Floor Plan

196

SIXTH FLOOR

0’

16’

32’

197

Design Principle High Density and Affordability

Our net zero dorms are meat to replace two existing, deteriorating buildings that unfortunately are the most affordable housing options for students at the moment. We believe that old and degraded buildings should not be the only fordable option to students just because they are old, we wish to create good spaces that can be affordable.

198 To be able to achieve affordability that is also durable we proposed to use prefabricated concrete panels that creates modularity which help reduce both the cost of the material fabrications as well as construction. For the screen that we are proposing for the building we believe that by using recycle materials the building is lowering material cost.

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199

-

Building Sections

200 Section A

Section B

201

Skin Wall Assembly

Building Skin System

Window shading

202

The idea is to use a material that will help us achieve transparency and help reduce solar heat without losing the connection to the District or the possibility of natural ventilation.

References Index Chapter 2

Chapter 3

1. UofA College of Architecture, Planning + Landscape Architecture- East Building

1. Chinn, Jacob. Browse Photos | Brand Resources.

2. UofA College of Architecture, Planning + Landscape Architecture- East Building

2. Bear Down Gymnasium, The University of Arizona

3. Professional Partnerships- Brad Lijequist.

International Living Future Institute

3. Old Main Building, The University of Arizona

4. Professional Partnerships- Rodney Mackey UofA Planning, Design, and Construction

4. The University of Arizona Comprehensive Campus Plan.

5. Professional Partnerships- Dino Skellar The University of Arizona Office of Business Affairs

5. The University of Arizona Comprehensive Campus Plan Update. Oct. 2009.

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

1. UofA College of Architecture, Planning + Landscape Architecture- Architecture Degrees

1. The University of Arizona Comprehensive Campus Plan. June 2003.

2. UofA College of Architecture, Planning + Landscape Architecture- About CAPLA

2. The University of Arizona Comprehensive Campus Plan Update. Oct. 2009.

Images

Web. http://jonesstudioinc.com/project/u-of-a-college-of-architecture-and-landscape-

Web. http://jonesstudioinc.com/project/u-of-a-college-of-architecture-and-landscape-

Images

Web. 30 Mar. 2016. https://brand.arizona.edu/downloads/photos

http://speccoll.library.arizona.edu/bear-down-gymnasium-university-arizona

http://speccoll.library.arizona.edu/university-arizona-old-main-building

Web. http://www.construction21.org/training/company/h/international-living-future-

Web. http://www.pdc.arizona.edu/planning/

203

Web. http://businessaffairs.arizona.edu/

Research

Web. http://capla.arizona.edu/architecture-program

Web. http://capla.arizona.edu/about-capla

Web. 29 Mar. 2016. http://www.pdc.arizona.edu/file/2003_UA_CCP.pdf

Web. 29 Mar. 2016. <http://www.pdc.arizona.edu/file/UACCP-2009Update_Final_web.pdf

Research

Web. 29 Mar. 2016. http://www.pdc.arizona.edu/file/2003_UA_CCP.pdf

Web. 29 Mar. 2016. http://www.pdc.arizona.edu/file/UACCP-2009Update_Final_web.pdf

3. University of Arizona. Climate Action Plan

Web. 30 Mar. 2016. http://www.portal.environment.arizona.edu/campus-sustainability/ climate-action

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

1. UA Climate Action Plan. “Treading Lightly.” 2015.

1. Gammage Auditorium. Digital image. ASU.

Research

Web. 26 Mar. 2016. <http://rs.acupcc.org/site_media/uploads/cap/967-cap_1.pdf>.

Images

Web. 29 Mar. 2016. http://blogs.wpcarey.asu.edu/undergrad/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/ gammage1.jpg

2. Water Efficiency. “Sustainability”. Arizona Board of Regents, 2016.

2. Colby College Image.

3. All calculations and data were supplied courtesy of the University of Arizona’s Facilities Management Team.

3. Colorado State University Image

4. Why Choose Energy Star Qualified Led Lighting?

4. Green Mountain College Image

web. www.colby.edu

Web. 26 Mar. 2016. http://www.pdc.arizona.edu/sustainability

Web. 30 Mar. 2016. https://www.energystar.gov/products/lighting_fans/light_fixtures/ why_choose_energy_star_qualified_led_lighting

5. Institute for Building Efficiency: Expert Analysis & Resources.

Web. 30 Mar. 2016. http://www.institutebe.com/InstituteBE/media/Library/Resources/ Green%20Buildings/Plug-Load-Reduction,-ACEEE.pdf

6. Reduce HVAC Loads. Phase Change Energy Solutions.

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7. Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy.

http://www.uniquevenues.com/CSU

Web. Unknown..

5. Stanford University Image http://bestusauniversity.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Stanford-Aerial.jpg

Chapter 5 Research

1. Arizona State University. “What ASU Is Doing.” Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability. ASU Web. 29 Mar. 2016. https://sustainability.asu.edu/operations/what-asu-is-doing/

Web. 30 Mar. 2016. https://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/26015.pdf

2. Bentzin, Bonny. “Arizona State University & Carbon Neutrality.” 2007.

Web. 29 Mar. 2016. <https://sustainability.asu.edu/docs/SCN/may10_valleywide/ASU_ Carbon_Neutrality_Plan.pdf>.

3. Colby College “Greenhouse Gas Calculator | Green Colby.” Colby College. 2015.

Web. 24 Mar. 2016. <http://www.colby.edu/green/greenhouse-gas-emissions/greenhousegas-calculator/>.

4. Colorado State University Climate Action Plan 2010 Web. https://www.fm.colostate.edu/sustain/downloads/climate_action_plan_2010.pdf

204

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

5. Emory University | Water Hub “Emory UniversityFacilities Management.” How the WaterHub Works.

1. “Keynotes - Net Positive Energy Water Conference.”

Net Positive Energy Water Conference Keynotes Comments. International Living Future Institute.

6. Emory University Climate Action Plan

2. “Moore Ruble Yudell Architects & Planners.” Moore Ruble Yudell Architects & Planners.

Research

Web. 01 Apr. 2016. <http://www.campserv.emory.edu/fm/energy_utilities/water-hub/ how%20it%20works.html>.

Web. 01 Apr. 2016. <http://sustainability.emory.edu/page/1014/Climate-Action>

7. Green Mountain College GHG Report Web. 29 Mar. 2016. http://reporting.secondnature.org/ghg/3685/

8. Stanford University Energy and Climate Plan

Web. 03 Apr. 2016.https://sustainable.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/Stanford_ Energy_%26_Climate_Plan_2nd_Edition.pdf

205

Images

Web. 25 Mar. 2016. <http://www.netpositiveconference.org/speakers/>.

Web. 24 Mar. 2016. <http://www.moorerubleyudell.com/>.

3. “Moore Ruble Yudell Architects & Planners.” Moore Ruble Yudell Architects & Planners.

Web. 24 Mar. 2016. <http://www.moorerubleyudell.com/>.

4. “The Ultimate List of US Universities for GRE Scores 320 to 340 - CrunchPrep GRE.” RSS 20. N.p., 30 July 2014.

Web. 26 Mar. 2016. <https://crunchprep.com/gre/2014/universities-gre-scores-320to-340>.

5. Cell. CALTECH SUSTAINABILITY (n.d.): 1-3.

Sustainability at Caltech. Cal Tech.

Web. <https://www.sustainability.caltech.edu/documents/94-energy_portfolio.pdf>.

6. “Graduation 2008.” Bruins Nation. 2008.

Web. 25 Mar. 2016. <http://www.bruinsnation.com/2008/6/11/550156/graduation-2008>.

7. “Graduation 2008.” Bruins Nation. 2008.

Web. 25 Mar. 2016. <http://www.bruinsnation.com/2008/6/11/550156/graduation-2008>.

8. “Sustainability at Caltech.” - Caltech Sustainability.

Web. 31 Mar. 2016. <http://www.sustainability.caltech.edu/>.

9. “University Communications and Public Affairs.”

Places and Landmarks. UC San Diego.

Web. 26 Mar. 2016. <http://ucpa.ucsd.edu/resources/image-library/places/>.

10. “JCVI La Jolla: Sustainable Laboratory Facility.”

JCVI: Sustainable Lab / Images.

Web. 26 Mar. 2016. <http://www.jcvi.org/cms/sustainable-lab/images/>.

Chapter 6

Chapter 6

11. “McCarthy News & Events.” McCarthy News RSS.

5. JCVI La Jolla: Sustainable Laboratory Facility.” JCVI: Sustainable Lab / Overview.

Images

Web. 26 Mar. 2016. <http://www.mccarthy.com/news/2014/02/19/mccarthy-completesconstruction-of-j-craig-venter-institute’s-landmark-net-zero-energy-genomic-laboratory-inla-jolla/>.

Research

Web. 29 Mar. 2016. <http://www.jcvi.org/cms/sustainable-lab/overview/>.

6. About UC San Diego.

12. “David Nelson & Associates.” David Nelson Associates RSS.

Web. 26 Mar. 2016. <http://www.dnalighting.com/featured/commercial/j-craig-venterinstitute/>.

Web. 29 Mar. 2016. <http://www.ucsd.edu/explore/about/>.

7. UCLA Sustainability.” Water.

Web. <http://www.sustain.ucla.edu/our-initiatives/water/>.

8. “UCLA Sustainability.” Climate&Energy.

Web. <http://www.sustain.ucla.edu/our-initiatives/climate-and-energy/>.

206 Chapter 6 Research

1. Program - Net Positive Energy Water Conference. Net Positive Energy Water Conference Program Comments.

International Living Future Institute.

Web. 25 Mar. 2016. <http://www.netpositiveconference.org/program/>.

2. Keynotes - Net Positive Energy Water Conference.”Net Positive Energy Water Conference Keynotes Comments. International Living Future Institute.

Web. 25 Mar. 2016. <http://www.netpositiveconference.org/speakers/>.

3. MUSKRATmagazine. “Melina Laboucan Massimo.”

YouTube. YouTube, 2013.

Web. 25 Mar. 2016. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KDNfama_ooA>.

4. Aasheorg. “Tuesday Keynote Speaker Julian MocineMcQueen: AASHE 2013 in Nashville.” YouTube. YouTube, 2013.

Web. 25 Mar. 2016. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oh-jmosN5Ts>.

Architecture 451a Spring 2016 Semester Professor: Courtney Crosson Student Editor and Graphic Output: Julianna Sorrell College of Architecture, Planning & Landscape Architecture PO Box 210075, Tucson, AZ 85721 1040 N Olive Road, Tucson, AZ 85719 520-621-6751 FAX: 520-621-8700

CHRISTINA ABRAMS JERRICK ANN DENISE CAMACHO COURTNEY CROSSON ERNESTO ENCINAS GENG LI ELIANA MERCADO CRAIG SHELDON JULIANNA SORRELL MATTHEW SPROTT YELIN ECHO ZHONG