Union-Snyder CAA Community Needs Assessment 2020

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UNION & SNYDER COUNTY

COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT WINTER 2020

713 BRIDGE STREET, SELINSGROVE, PA 17870

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(570) 374-0181

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UNION-SNYDERCAA.ORG


Table of Contents Introduction ..........................................................................................................3 Executive Summary ..............................................................................................4 Data Indicators......................................................................................................6 Phase One: Asset Mapping ..................................................................................7 Phase Two: Survey ..............................................................................................13 - Summary of Low Income Data ...................................................................14 - Ranked List of Concerns: Most - Least Necessary ....................................28 - Ranked List of Concerns: Immediate Community Focus.........................30 - Ranked List of Concerns: Top Priorities.....................................................31 Phase Three: Focus Groups & Interviews.........................................................39 Conclusions & Actions ........................................................................................45 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................49 Appendix ..............................................................................................................50 • Ranking Process, Lists of Concerns • Survey Questions, English and Spanish • Community Needs Assessment Flyer • CAAP Community Needs Assessment Full Report, Population and Poverty

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Introduction Union-Snyder Community Action Agency (CAA)’s Community Needs Assessment was implemented to better understand the unique and ever-changing needs facing Union and Snyder county residents. The contents of this report will inform the work of CAA through 2023 to ensure real-time action is being taken to address issues facing our community - as reported by our community - through either direct service offerings or enhanced community collaborations. CAA will continue its assessment following a three-year schedule to stay current on community trends. The process consisted of three distinct data collection phases in the summer of 2020. These phases included asset mapping, survey collection, and implementation of focus groups and key informant interviews.

PHASE ONE

PHASE TWO

PHASE THREE Interviews

Survey Asset Mapping

Additional Relevant Reports In order not to duplicate efforts of previous needs assessments, key findings and links to previous assessments are listed below: • Greater Susquehanna Valley United Way’s ALICE Report: https://www.gsvuw.org/alice • Central Susquehanna Community Foundation Needs Assessment Report (2018): https://csgiving.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/RIF-Needs-Assessment-Report-2018.pdf • STEP Inc.’s Lycoming County Community Needs Assessment Report (2018): https://www.stepcorp.org/agency-info/administrative/community-needs-assessment.html 3


Executive Summary Preface Union-Snyder CAA completed its last major Community Needs Assessment in 2016, with an immediate follow up housing-focused assessment in 2017. Our last assessment was implemented in two phases with data from residents of Snyder, Union, Mifflin, and Juniata counties. Since that time, Union-Snyder CAA has focused primarily on the needs of residents of Union and Snyder counties. Our 2016 assessment identified the following top five prioritized needs: 1) drug and alcohol abuse; 2) working but not making enough to get by; 3) parents having problems managing the family; 4) helping kids succeed in school; 5) lack of affordable housing. By the time of the completion of the 2017 assessment, CAA staff hosted various forums to collect further information and inspire collaboration based on these issue areas. As a result, several long-term community coalitions were established, including the Local Housing Options Team (LHOT), which actively engages housing service providers in the region.

Our 2020 assessment presents a new list of priorities for the next three years, determined from three phases of data collection from residents of Union and Snyder counties. Data collection began in June 2020 and ended in August 2020. The survey response rate was average with 256 respondents from both paper and online survey participation; 12% of survey respondents were individuals who reported an annual income of equal to or less than the federal poverty guideline. Due to the preferred method of virtual data collection in response to the global COVID-19 pandemic - and the large number of Union and Snyder county residents without access to technology like the Internet - CAA’s Community Needs Assessment Committee established

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Executive Summary Cont. new, creative channels to reach audiences while following proper CDC pandemic guidelines. Examples of our virtual outreach initiatives included phone and/or Zoom interviews, a social media and email campaign, and an anonymous survey station implemented at CommunityAid (local philanthropic thrift store), which included a QR code campaign for easy mobile survey completion. In analyzing all phases of the data collected during the 2020 Community Needs Assessment process, the following areas of need emerged as themes. • Access to Healthcare and Health Insurance / High Healthcare Costs • More Good-Paying Jobs / Working But Not Making Enough Money • Children’s Success in School / Child Abuse & Neglect

COST & ACCESSIBILITY OF TRANSPORTATION TO WORK OR SERVICES

• Mental Health Problems and Awareness • Affordable Housing / Homelessness • Substance Abuse • Racial Discrimination

WORKING BUT NOT MAKING ENOUGH MONEY

ACCESS TO HEALTHY FOOD

• Affordable Childcare • Transportation • Cost of Nutritious Food

HIGH HEALTHCARE COSTS

ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE

AFFORDABLE HOUSING

PAYING FOR COLLEGE AND HIGHER EDUCATION

SUBSTANCE ABUSE

CHILDREN’S SUCCESS IN SCHOOL

RACIAL DISCRIMINATION

AFFORDABLE CHILDCARE

MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS & AWARENESS

NEED FOR SUPPORT FOR PARENTS

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Data Indicators The following is a snapshot of information exported from the Community Action Association of Pennsylvania’s (CAAP) Community Needs Assessment Online Tool. This information provides a general overview of demographic and data information for Union-Snyder CAA’s entire service region to complement the information gathered in Phase Two: Surveys. The Full Export on Population and Poverty can be found in the Appendix of this report.

POPULATION

POVERTY

Data Source: Community Action Association of Pennsylvania, https://caap.engagementnetwork.org

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Phase One: Asset Mapping Phase One of the 2020 Community Needs Assessment consisted of an asset mapping project to identify current services addressing a range of community-based issues and further conclude where possible service gaps may exist in our rural region of Central Pennsylvania. The featured resources within the categories outlined below have been digitally mapped by physical location using a color code system. Most mapped resources represent a service provided by a nonprofit or human service agency, though some for-profit resources were included as the Committee felt that they fulfilled an important basic human need for residents of the county (e.g. grocery stores). The following pages contain screenshots of the Google Map used in the asset mapping project, starting with a combined Union and Snyder county overview and then a zoomed-in analysis of the western and eastern parts of each county. An online, interactive version of this Google Map can be found on our website at www.union-snydercaa.org/resource-map.

ASSET MAPPING KEY:

Housing Assistance

Health and Wellness

Education

Childcare

Employment Services

Financial Assistance

Legal Services

Technology

Food Assistance

Miscellaneous Services

UNION OR SNYDER COUNTY LOCATION

NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY LOCATION

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Union & Snyder County Overview Counties’ Asset Maps Below is a visual representation of Union and Snyder counties’ resources by category. Though not technically in CAA’s service region, resources within Northumberland County along the river are also highlighted due to the cross-county service provided to residents of the counties. It’s also important to note that there is no public transportation within the region at the time of this project. The only exception is rabbittransit, which is the area’s shared ride bus system for eligible riders.

The following pages feature screenshots from the map broken down into the Eastern and Western parts of each county. An online, interactive version of this Google Map can be found on our website at www.union-snydercaa.org/resource-map.

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Eastern Union County Eastern Union County Observations • Eastern Union County’s “resource cluster region” is Lewisburg. Its population is 5,730 (2018). • Union County Resource Center (Lewisburg) hosts several co-located services that assist with employment, health/wellness, and legal services, including Gaudenzia drug and alcohol treatment. • Bucknell University is located in Eastern Union County, which supports a thriving local business market as well as transient community members (e.g. students, professors). • Evangelical Community Hospital provides whole-person healthcare and serves as a large employer in the region. • Lewisburg Penitentiary is another large

RESOURCE CLUSTER: LEWISBURG

employer. • Close proximity to Northumberland County communities like Milton, Watsontown, and Montandon provide need for cross-county collaboration. Housing Assistance Health and Wellness Education Childcare Employment Services Financial Assistance Legal Services Technology Food Assistance Miscellaneous Services

UNION OR SNYDER COUNTY LOCATION NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY LOCATION

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Western Union County Western Union County Observations • Western Union County’s “resource cluster region” is Mifflinburg. Its population is 3,514 (2018). • There are no employment services located in Western Union County. • There are no financial assistance services in Western Union County. • There are no housing assistance services in Western Union County. • Resources are extremely limited for residents west of Mifflinburg (fig. 2). • The village of New Berlin serves as a mini

RESOURCE CLUSTER: MIFFLINBURG

resource hub for residents, providing featured education, childcare, and food assistance services (fig. 3).

Housing Assistance Health and Wellness Education Childcare Employment Services Financial Assistance Legal Services Technology Food Assistance Miscellaneous Services

Figure 2 West of Mifflinburg

UNION OR SNYDER COUNTY LOCATION NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY LOCATION

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Figure 3 New Berlin


Eastern Snyder County Eastern Snyder County Observations • Eastern Snyder County’s “resource cluster region” is Selinsgrove. Its population is 5,926 (2018). • The Snyder East Building (Selinsgrove) hosts a variety of co-located services that assist with housing, employment, food, financial, and miscellaneous services (e.g. ride share, mediation). • Susquehanna University is located in Eastern Snyder County, which supports a local business market as well as transient community members (e.g. students, professors).

RESOURCE CLUSTER: SELINSGROVE

• Close proximity to Northumberland County communities like Sunbury and Northumberland provide need for cross-county collaboration. • Sunbury serves as a cross-county resource hub for eligible residents of both Union and Snyder counties (fig. 4).

Housing Assistance Health and Wellness Education Childcare Employment Services Financial Assistance Legal Services Technology Food Assistance Miscellaneous Services

UNION OR SNYDER COUNTY LOCATION NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY LOCATION

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Figure 4 Sunbury’s resources that also serve eligible Union and Snyder County residents include but are not limited to the Greater Susquehanna Valley United Way (miscellaneous), PA Careerlink (employment), Central Susquehanna Site Services (health and wellness), and A Community Clinic (health and wellness).


Western Snyder County Western Snyder County Observations • Although Western Snyder County technically has two “resource cluster regions”, Middleburg and Beaver Springs have less resources combined than any of the other three resource cluster regions featured. The towns’ populations are 1,292 and 634, respectively (2018). • The Middlecreek Area Community Center (Beaver Springs) provides a variety of services that assist with food, health, and wellness. RESOURCE CLUSTER: MIDDLEBURG

They are also the only childcare facility in the region.

• There are no employment services located in Western Snyder County. • There are no financial assistance services in Western Snyder County. RESOURCE CLUSTER: BEAVER SPRINGS

• By Grace Transitional Home is the only homeless shelter in Union and Snyder Counties, serving women only.

Housing Assistance Health and Wellness Education

• Resources, specifically food, are extremely limited for residents of

Childcare

• Conewago Snyder provides drug and alcohol treatment.

Employment Services

Western Snyder County.

Financial Assistance Legal Services Technology Food Assistance Miscellaneous Services

UNION OR SNYDER COUNTY LOCATION NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY LOCATION

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Phase Two: Surveys Phase Two of the 2020 Community Needs Assessment consisted of online and paper surveys in both English and Spanish. We utilized SurveyMonkey as the tool to gather information online. Paper copies were distributed through various CAA partners throughout Union and Snyder counties, including Union County Probation, SUMMIT Early Learning, and CommunityAid - Selinsgrove, as well as CAA’s office. A full list of survey questions can be found in this report’s Appendix. A survey incentive was used to encourage participation, which consisted of $50 GIANT gift cards awarded at random to 15 people through a separate survey following the completion of the Community Needs Assessment. Overall, 256 surveys were completed. Considering Union and Snyder counties' combined population of approximately 85,000 residents, our 256 survey responses yields a margin of error of +/- 6% at a 95% confidence level.

CommunityAid - Selinsgrove partnered with CAA to host a table for three weeks to encourage participation in the Community Needs Assessment surveys. The opportunity helped us sample a new population that may have otherwise gone uncounted in our outreach. In addition to making space in their philanthropic thrift store for a table, CommunityAid helped us hang posters around the store with a QR code so that shoppers could take the survey on their phone or tablet while browsing.

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Summary of Low Income Data Of the 256 responses collected in CAA’s Community Needs Assessment survey phase, 30 respondents reported an annual income

12% OF RESPONDENTS REPORTED LIVING WITH LOW INCOME

of equal to or less than the federal poverty guideline. The following depicts a deeper analysis of data collected by these 30 respondents living with low income.

THE AVERAGE DEMOGRAPHIC OF THIS SUBSET WERE WHITE, FEMALE, AGE 40, LIVING IN THE 17837 ZIP CODE.

3.33%

30.00%

10

66.67%

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ETHNICITY

0 PREFER NOT TO ANSWER HISPANIC/LATINX

20.00%

WHITE

76.67%

Though listed as options, other ethnicities such as Black/African American, Asian, and American Indian/Alaskan Native were not represented in this poverty data.

LONG-TERM SO

13.33%

HEALTH INSURANCE 15 12 9

MARITAL STATUS

6

MARRIED SINGLE

76.67%

3 0

EMPLOYMENT

HOUSING STATUS OTHER

10.00% 10.00%

53.33% KNOW HOW TO FIND ASSISTANCE. 46.67% DO NOT.

15

FEMALE

10.00%

MOST RESPONDENTS HAD HEALTH INSURANCE. MEDICAID WAS THE MOST FREQUENT SOURCE.

EDUCATION

20 PREFER NOT TO ANSWER MALE

3.33%

MOST RESPONDENTS REPORTED BEING SINGLE, RENTING, AND WORKING PART-TIME. THE HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATION REPORTED WAS A HIGH SCHOOL DEGREE.

GENDER

DISABLED

CURRENTLY STAYING WITH OTHER PEOPLE

13.33%

10.00% 6.67%

RENT OWN

RETIRED

23.33%

23.33%

66.67%

UNEMPLOYED, SEEKING UNEMPLOYED, NOT SEEKING

36.67%

PART TIME FULL TIME

3.33%

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Survey Demographics Q1: What is your age?

The average age of our 256 respondents was 45 years old. There were no respondents under the age of 18. Twenty-three respondents were between the ages of 19-26; 76 were between the ages of 27-40; 88 were between the ages of 41-60; and 72 were over the age of 60.

Q2: What gender do you identify as?

23.05%

Answered: 256

75.39%

Skipped: 0 0.39%

0%

1.17%

Q3: What zip code

Most of our respondents reported as being residents of Selinsgrove (17870) then

do you live in?

Lewisburg (17837). Other Union and Snyder County zip codes represented in the data include but are not limited to 17813, 17842, 17844, 17845, and 17889.

1.56%

Q4: Which option best describes your

4.69%

ethnicity?

0.39%

Answered: 256

91.80%

Skipped: 0 0.39% 0.39% 0.39% 0% 2.34%

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Household Information Q5: What is your marital status?

54.30%

Answered: 256 Skipped: 0

8.20%

37.50%

>61 years old

Q6: How many people [in the following age groups] besides yourself live in

41-60 years old

50.42%

your household? Answered: 236

69.49%

19-26 years old

65.25%

Skipped: 20

47.03% 55.08%

Q7: Which of these options describes

16.80%

your household best?

4.69%

Answered: 256

23.44%

Skipped: 0

1.56% 6.64% 37.89% 1.17% 3.52% 4.30%

16

27-40 years old

<18 years old


Household Information Cont. Q8: What is the main language spoken

97.27%

in your household? 2.34%

Answered: 256 Skipped: 0

0.39% (bilingual Spanish/English)

Q9: Are you a member of the US

0.78%

military? 2.73%

Answered: 256 Skipped: 0

96.48%

Q10: Is anyone else in your household

10.98%

a veteran of the US military? Answered: 255

89.02%

Skipped: 1

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Education Q11: Are you currently enrolled as a student in any kind of educational

5.51%

institution? Answered: 254

94.49%

Skipped: 2

1.57%

Q12: What is your highest level of

3.94%

education? Answered: 254

0.79%

Trade School Graduate

7.48% 8.27%

No High School

29.92%

Skipped: 2

Some High School Doctorate

21.65%

Associate's Degree

26.38% 26.51%

Master's Degree Bachelor's Degree High School Graduate or GED

2.04%

Q13: What is the highest level of education achieved by someone else in your household? Answered: 245 Skipped: 11

2.86%

1.22%

Trade School Graduate

6.94% 8.16%

No High School

33.06%

Some High School Associate's Degree

11.84%

Doctorate

17.14%

16.73% Master's Degree There is no one else in my household Bachelor's Degree

18

High School Graduate or GED


Employment & Income Q14: What is your current

60.98%

employment status?

10.98%

Answered: 246 4.47%

Skipped: 10

2.03%

15.85%

5.69%

Q15: If you are employed part time,

6.04%

how many hours do you work each

7.69%

week?

10.44%

Answered: 182 Skipped: 74

71.98%

3.85%

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Employment & Income Cont. 2.44% 3.66%

Q16: If you are employed and earn an hourly wage, what is that wage?

2.03%

$7.25-$8.29/hour

4.88%

5.28%

Answered: 246

5.28%

Skipped: 10

5.28%

34.15%

6.91%

employed, hours are not specific, and a sliding hourly

$8.30-$10.44/hour Other

6.5%

‘Other’ responses included AmeriCorps stipend, self

< $7.25/hour

$19.05-$21.20/hour

23.58%

$10.45-$12.59/hour

scale from part to full time.

$12.60-$14.74/hour $16.90-$19.04/hour >$21.20/hour $14.75-$16.89/hour I am unemployed or retired I earn a yearly salary

2.03%

Q17: If you are employed and

2.85%

earn a yearly salary, what is that

2.03%

1.63%

0.41%

2.85%

$17,241-$21,720/year $30,681-$35,160/year

4.07%

salary?

4.07%

Answered: 246

27.64%

6.50%

$21,721-$26,200/year $12,761-$17,240/year

Skipped: 10 22.36% Of the 256 responses collected in CAA’s Community Needs

$26,201-$30,680/year

23.58% Other

Assessment survey phase, 30 respondents reported an annual income of equal to or less than the federal poverty guideline. Page 15 features a deeper analysis of data

$35,161-39,640/year < $12,760/year

collected by these 30 respondents living with low income.

$38,641-$44,120/year I am unemployed or retired I earn an hourly wage > $44,120/year

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Employment & Income Cont. 2.03%

2.85%

Q18: Considering all of the

3.25%

0.81%

$17,241-$21,720/year

4.07%

$35,161-39,640/year

contributions to your household's

4.47%

income (other

32.11%

4.88%

people's jobs, cash benefits, etc.),

$12,761-$17,240/year $30,681-$35,160/year

5.69%

what do you estimate your

6.50%

household's total yearly income is?

$21,721-$26,200/year

8.94%

7.32%

$39,641-$44,120/year

8.13% 8.94%

Answered: 246

$26,201-$30,680/year

Skipped: 10

$70,001-$80,000/year $44,121-$50,000/year $60,001-$70,000/year $50,001-$60,000/year Other < $12,760/year > $80,000/year

60.16%

Q19: Which of these options best describes where your household

18.29% (”Income from employment and other income sources”)

gets its income?

2.03% (”Income from employment, other income sources, and non-cash gov’t benefits”)

Answered: 246

2.44% (”Income from employment and non-cash gov’t benefits”)

Skipped: 10

7.72%

‘Other’ answers were reported with

0.81% (”Other sources of income and non-cash gov’t benefits”)

specific types of government benefits

0.41% (”Non-cash gov’t benefits only”)

(e.g. SSI, SSD, pension, etc).

0.81% (”There is no source of income”) 7.32%

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Employment & Income Cont. Q20: Are you or is anyone in your

8.54% (”Yes, everyone in my household is”)

household living on an income at or

2.85% (”Yes, some people in my household are, including me”)

below the federal poverty level?

3.25% (”Yes, some people in my household are, but I’m not”)

Answered: 246 Skipped: 10

70.33%

15.04%

22


Health & Ability Q21: Do you have a disabling 10.57%

condition? Answered: 246 Skipped: 10

89.43%

Q22: Does anyone else in your 11.79%

household have a disabling condition? Answered: 246

88.21%

Skipped: 10

Q23: Do you have health insurance?

94.31%

Answered: 246 Skipped: 10 5.69%

23


Health & Ability Cont. 3.25%

Q24: If you have health insurance, where do you get it? Answered: 246 Skipped: 10

0.81%

4.47%

0.41%

CHIP (0%) Military Healthcare

7.72% I don't know

8.13% 61.79% 12.20%

Direct-Purchase State Health Insurance for Adults I don't have health insurance Other Medicaid Medicare Employment Provided

Q25: Does anyone in your household

7.85%

not have health insurance? Answered: 242 Skipped: 14

92.15%

24


Housing & Assistance Q26: What is your housing status? 64.75%

Answered: 244 24.18%

Skipped: 12

2.05% (”I am in other long-term housing”)

2.05% (”I am currently staying with someone else”)

0%

3.69%%

Q27: Does anyone in your household (including yourself) currently

20.90% (”Yes, everyone uses the same programs”)

receive, or have they received in the past year, any assistance from the

9.84% (”Yes, but we use different programs”)

federal or state government? 65.57%

5.69%

Answered: 244 Skipped: 12

3.69%%

25


Housing & Assistance Cont. 2.05%

2.46%

1.64% 0.82% 0.82%

4.10%

Q28: If someone in your

4.10%

household received government assistance, what programs did they receive assistance through?

4.51%

5.33%

56.56%

5.74%

TANF I don't know if anyone else receives

7.38%

Skipped: 12

I know of some, but not all I don't know specific programs

4.51%

6.15%

Answered: 244

0.82%

Veteran's Assistance

11.48%

14.34%

17.21%

CHIP WIC Unemployment Insurance All through same programs Pension Subsidized housing or vouchers Other SSI LIHEAP

Q29: Does anyone in your household (including yourself)

Medicaid

receive, or have they received in the past year, assistance

SNAP

from local public or private aid organizations?

Medicare

Answered: 244

We do not receive gov't assistance

Skipped: 12 7.38%

87.70%

4.92%

26


Housing & Assistance Cont. Q30: Do you know how to access federal, state, and local assistance programs?

59.43%

Answered: 244 Skipped: 12

40.57%

Q31: Do the other people in your

24.59%

household know how to access federal,

15.98%

state, and local assistance programs?

31.56%

Answered: 244 Skipped: 12

31.56% (�There are no other people in my household�) 11.89%

27


Ranked List of Concerns: Most - Least Necessary Q32: Please rank each of the following issues by how important it is that they are addressed by the community in the next three years. Consider how common they are in your community and the surrounding county. Grade them on a scale of unnecessary, low, medium, high, necessary, or unsure. Answered: 235; Skipped: 21 In this portion of analyzing the survey, we used a three-step process to aggregate the data into one ordered, cohesive list which ranks each issue from what the community considers most necessary to address to least necessary, reflected below. See Appendix for full ranking process details.

1

ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE AND HEALTH INSURANCE

11

ACCESS TO DENTAL AND VISION CARE

2

CHILDREN’S SUCCESS IN SCHOOL

12

DEALING WITH EMOTIONAL BURDENS

3

MORE GOOD-PAYING JOBS

13

SENIOR CITIZENS’ SERVICES

4

HIGH HEALTHCARE COSTS

14

NEED FOR SUPPORT FOR PARENTS

5

CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT

15

MORE JOB TRAINING

6

MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS AND AWARENESS

16

ACCESS TO HEALTHY FOOD

7

DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE

17

PAYING FOR COLLEGE AND HIGHER EDUCATION

8

AFFORDABLE CHILDCARE

18

DISABLED CITIZENS’ SERVICES

9

WORKING BUT NOT MAKING ENOUGH MONEY

19

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

20

COST AND ACCESSIBILITY OF TRANSPORTATION TO WORK OR SERVICES

10

RACIAL DISCRIMINATION

Continued... 28


Ranked List of Concerns: Most - Least Necessary Cont. 21

LACK OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION

29

INCARCERATION AND RE-ENTRY ISSUES

22

FOOD COSTS

30

NEIGHBORHOOD SAFETY

23

VETERANS’ SERVICES

31

HOMELESSNESS

24

DEBT

32

JUVENILE CRIME

25

LACK OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING

33

COST OF HOME REPAIRS

26

STUDENTS DROPPING OUT OF HIGH SCHOOL

34

CRIME

27

ABILITY TO MANAGE AND BUDGET MONEY

35

LANGUAGE BARRIERS

28

COSTS OF UTILITIES

36

IMMIGRATION AND CITIZENSHIP ISSUES

29


Ranked List of Concerns: Immediate Community Focus Q33: Which single item from the previous list is the most important thing for the community to focus on right now? Answered: 235; Skipped: 21 The below is a list of themes for immediate community focus that emerged from this question, with the number of responses repesenting each in parentheses. 1

ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE AND HEALTH INSURANCE (28)

14

CHILD ABUSE (5)

2

RACIAL DISCRIMINATION (26)

15

VETERANS’ SERVICES (4)

3

DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE (25)

16

SENIOR/DISABLED CITIZENS’ SERVICES (4)

4

MORE GOOD-PAYING JOBS (22)

17

DEBT/MONEY MANAGEMENT (3)

5

AFFORDABLE HOUSING/HOMELESSNESS (20)

18

COST OF LIVING (2)

6

MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS AND AWARENESS (17)

19

MORE JOB TRAINING (2)

7

TRANSPORTATION (15)

20

LACK OF DENTAL CARE (1)

8

AFFORDABLE CHILDCARE (9)

21

UTILITY COSTS (1)

9

FOOD COST (6)

22

INCOME INSTABILITY DUE TO COVID-19 (1)

10

CHILDREN’S SUCCESS IN SCHOOL (7)

23

EDUCATION COST (1)

11

CHILDCARE OPTIONS (7)

24

ACCESS TO EDUCATION (1)

12

NEIGHBORHOOD SAFETY (7)

25

LANGUAGE BARRIERS (1)

13

ACCESS TO HEALTHY FOOD (6) 30


Ranked List of Concerns: Top Priorities The following Venn diagram illustrates the relationship between the top 10 community-reported issues from both questions 32-33, which asked participants to first rank issues in order of most to least necessary to address (#32), and then write-in the top issue that the community should place immediate focus on in addressing(#33). These issues will take priority for CAA to address in partnership with community organizations, in no particular order of urgency.

LEAST NECESSAR O T Y ST MO

IATE COMMUNITY D E FO IMM CU S

ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE & HEALTH INSURANCE RACIAL DISCRIMINATION HIGH HEALTHCARE COSTS CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT WORKING BUT NOT MAKING ENOUGH MONEY

CHILDREN’S SUCCESS IN SCHOOL DRUG & ALCOHOL ABUSE MORE GOOD-PAYING JOBS MENTAL HEALTH & AWARENESS AFFORDABLE CHILDCARE

31

AFFORDABLE HOUSING/HOMELESSNESS TRANSPORTATION FOOD COST


Barriers to Accessing Programs & Services Q34: Please share any comments you may have about the accessibility of programs and services and unmet needs in the community. (NOTE: The following page contains COVID-19 specific questions.) Answered: 63; Skipped: 193 The below is a list of themes that emerged regarding the accessibility of programs and services in the region. Explanations and examples are given under each theme, informed by respondent answers.

TRANSPORTATION The lack of public transportation in Union and Snyder counties makes it difficult - and often, impossible for people to access programs and services in the rural region. For families living with low income, an independent form of transportation is an added expense that is not sustainable. One respondent pointed out the unpredictable need for transportation, sharing that “transportation is needed for people who need it maybe on a temporary basis.” Even if an individual saves enough to purchase a car, or purchases a car through an assistance program, long-term costs like gas and insurance are detrimental to a family’s overall budget. This barrier has a direct negative impact on employment, childcare, and education opportunities for families without transportation.

ELIGIBILITY Several respondents shared that the eligibility criteria for existing assistance programs is too stringent and exclusionary. One respondent said that eligibility should be based on “individual circumstance”, while another shared that they have “concern for people who are slightly over the income limit”. This phenomena, known as the Cliff Effect, occurs when someone who is below the federal poverty level but whose various forms of non-cash government assistance (e.g. SNAP, WIC) make them ineligible to receive other forms of assistance (e.g. cash assistance).

AWARENESS Respondents shared that there seems to be a lack of understanding of issues related to poverty in the region as well as awareness of the programs that exist to provide assistance. One respondent said, “I know there are various services/programs available in [Union County], but I don't think enough energy is spent on getting people to attend these programs.” Several respondents shared that “pride” is often a barrier when it comes to encouraging people to access programs available in the counties. Another respondent shared, “I believe, in general, there are some good programs. However, I also think there is not enough understanding of some issues by the people who could help.”

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Barriers to Accessing Programs & Services Cont. OPTIONS Rural poverty is starkly different than urban poverty, thus affecting the amount of funding and resources available to address rural needs. Respondents shared concern that there is not enough diversity and/or quality in options for assistance in the Union/Snyder region. For example, one respondent shared that while there are some agencies that provide support for meeting basic needs (e.g. food, shelter, paying utility bills, etc.), “the need is greater than the resources available.” Respondents used this question to address the lack of resources for issues such as mental health, drug and alcohol treatment, and support for adults with disabilities (physical and intellectual). Another significantly under-resourced issue is supporting people who are literally homeless. One respondent shared, “homeless shelters are lacking. The ones available in the community are always full.”

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Summary of COVID-19 Needs Assessment In March of 2020, our community was suddenly impacted by the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, like the rest of the country. It didn’t take long to recognize that the implications of this global health pandemic would go beyond the hospital room and effect our local economy, education, employment, and basic needs opportunities. CAA used its routine Community Needs Assessment to better understand the not-so-routine experience of Union and Snyder residents in relation to the pandemic.

IMPACT ON CHILD’S EDUCATION

IMPACT ON RESOURCES

WORK

F O O D

FINANCES

S C H O O L LIBRARY ACCESS GROCERY STORES

LACK T E

OF C

H

P H Y S I C A L ENVIRONMENT NO EFFECT ACCESS TO LEARNING TOOLS

HOUSING INSECURE

STRESS

LOSS OF EMPLOYMENT

DECREASED INCOME

S O C I A L I Z AT I O N

RECREATION

VULNERABLE TO CONTRACTION LOSS OF EDUCATION

ISOLATION

C H I L D C A R E T R A N S P O R TAT I O N

T

E

34

T

E

D

P O S I T I V E

MEDICAL APPOINTMENTS

C H U R C H

S

PERSONAL IMPACT


COVID-19 Needs Assessment Q35: How has the COVID-19 pandemic

0.88%

impacted you personally? Check all that

(”I am/was tested positive for COVID-19.”)

21.93%

apply.

(”I am vulnerable to contracting COVID-19.”)

5.70%

Answered: 228

14.47%

Skipped: 28

39.04% 5.70%

‘Other’ responses included temporary job loss, stress, housing, isolation, and impacts on education.

24.12%

Q36: Has our local healthcare system properly responded to the COVID-19

53.51%

pandemic? 8.33%

Answered: 228 Skipped: 28

38.16%

Q37: Have hospitals and/or health resources had services interrupted or

51.75%

quality of care decreased by the COVID-19 14.47%

pandemic? Answered: 228

33.77%

Skipped: 28

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COVID-19 Needs Assessment Cont. Q38: Have local mental health resources been able to help people emotionally with

16.67%

the COVID-19 pandemic? 16.23%

Answered: 228 Skipped: 28

67.11%

Q39: Has the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted your family’s ability

16.23%

to access food? Answered: 228

83.77%

Skipped: 28

Q40: If you answered ‘yes’ to the question above, has the lack of free or reduced cost meals at school for your child been a factor?

4.82%

17.54%

Answered: 228 28.07% (”I do not have a child who had access to school meals”)

Skipped: 28

49.56% (”My family has not had trouble accessing food”)

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COVID-19 Needs Assessment Cont. Q41: If you experienced unexpected 24.56%

unemployment as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, do you know how to access

7.89%

unemployment benefits and other resources available to you?

67.54% (”I have not experienced unexpected unemployment as a result of COVID-19”)

Answered: 228 Skipped: 28

Q42: If you have a child that was affected by school closures as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, was your child unable to learn as

1.75% (”Yes, my child wasn’t able to learn as well because we lack technology”) 1.32% (”Yes, my child wasn’t able to learn as well because we lack access to learning tools”)

well?

23.68% (”Yes, my child wasn’t able to learn as well because they weren’t in the classroom”)

Answered: 228

19.74% (”No, my child did well despite school closures”)

Skipped: 28

53.51% (”I do not have a child that was affected by school closures”)

Q43: If you have a child that was affected by school closures as a result of the

8.33% (”I am unable to work as much because I can’t make childcare arrangements”)

COVID-19 pandemic, how has your family been impacted? Check all that apply.

7.89% (”I am unable to help my child succeed in school”) 0.88% (”I am unable to get enough food for my child”) 11.84% (”I have trouble keeping my child active and caring for my child while I work from home”)

Answered: 228

22.37% (”My family has been relatively unaffected”)

Skipped: 28

53.51% (”I do not have a child affected by school closures”) 8.33%

‘Other’ responses included effects on pre-k age children, socialization, quality family time, and grandparents caring for grandchildren.

37


COVID-19 Needs Assessment Cont. Q44: Have assistance programs or services you use been interrupted as a

7.89%

result of COVID-19? 24.12%

Answered: 228 Skipped: 28

67.98% (”I do not typically access assistance programs/services”)

Q45: Many community resources (for example, sports, YMCA, transportation services, after school care, etc.) have been limited due to the COVID-19 pandemic. What one missing or limited resource has affected you and your family the most? Answered: 228; Skipped: 28 The below is a list of themes that emerged regarding the impact of missing or limited resources during COVID-19.

• CHILDCARE • WORK • TRANSPORTATION • MEDICAL APPOINTMENTS • CHURCH • SCHOOL • RECREATION • GROCERY STORES • FOOD • LIBRARY ACCESS • SOCIALIZATION • FINANCES (E.G. TAX REFUND DELAY)

38


Phase Three: Interviews Phase Three of the 2020 Community Needs Assessment consisted of one-to-one key informant interviews as well as community focus groups. The purpose of this final stage in CAA’s data collection process was to provide an additional anecdotal layer of information to complement and fill in gaps left by the previous phases. CAA intentionally chose to include both key informant interviews and focus groups acknowledging the opportunity that both have for information sharing and dialogue. Key informant interviews provide a platform of privacy, anonymity, and one-to-one discourse while focus groups encourage in-depth consideration and analysis of topics presented. All conversations were hosted via Zoom or telephone, depending on access to technology, due to COVID-19 limitations. Participants in these conversations included both professionals in the non-profit and for-profit sectors to individuals living with low income and actively receiving assistance. In total, three key informant interviews and two focus groups were conducted; one of the three focus groups was a Spanish-only conversation, translated by Yudys Fernandez of CAA. All feedback was transcribed into qualitative data and analyzed to be included in this report.

“Trying to develop poverty assistance programs without addressing intergenerational issues and sources of poverty is like trying to make a cake without the flour.” - KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEWEE

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Key Informant Interview #1 INTERVIEW SUMMARY The first key informant interviewee was a Snyder County resident and mother receiving services from one of CAA’s partner agencies. A major theme of the conversation surrounded the health and well-being of children as well as the need for more resources for parents to manage their own stresses.

Local Assets identified during this interview included abundant food distribution programs. “Food is very easy to come by,” shared the interviewee. “[My family uses] Union-Snyder CAA and the Selinsgrove Food Pantry (Loaves and Fishes).” Another major local asset shared by the interviewee was PPL’s On-Track program for utility assistance. Specific to the COVID-19 pandemic, the combination of the stimulus check and extra unemployment have been beneficial financial resources towards the family’s debt payments, etc. Discussion of Needs centered on the well-being of children and parents alike. The interviewee expressed concern for a high number of child abuse cases and an unreliable foster care system. Additionally, the interviewee placed an emphasis on a stronger emotional support network for parents, sharing that “parental emotional health is necessary to helping children.” Other community needs identified included more resources for personal hygiene items and diapers, financial stability support, and healthcare.

INTERVIEW KEY THEMES CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT The interviewee shared that “there are too many homes where children are abused and it’s just snubbed away”. The community, as well as the foster care system, has a responsibility to raise awareness of issues facing children’s health and well-being.

NEED FOR SUPPORT FOR PARENTS A prominent solution to addressing child abuse and neglect is to ensure that parents have access to proper emotional resources to manage various stresses in a healthy, non-abusive way. “Parental emotional health is necessary to helping children.”

ABILITY TO MANAGE AND BUDGET MONEY Poverty has significant influences on family health. There needs to be more support in teaching families financial literacy and how to work better with the bank.

40


Key Informant Interview #2 INTERVIEW SUMMARY The second key informant interviewee was a Snyder County elected official. A major theme of the conversation surrounded the need for efficient distribution of resources as well as the issues that restraints on public assistance programs have that prohibit proactivity in services (e.g. people need to wait until their need is urgent until needs can be met).

Local Assets identified during this interview included an overall opinion that if people need assistance, they can generally receive it in this community, acknowledging certain gatekeeping barriers. The interviewee identified Treatment Court as an effective local asset, as it “uses external motivation to leverage people into assistance programs” while reducing county recidivism rates. Discussion of Needs centered on the need for proactivity to discourage crisis or crime in the first place. While Treatment Court is effective and has proven to lower recidivism rates, “the frustration remains that they don’t get that level of help until they’ve committed a crime and they come in our doors”. Easier access to education on basic life skills, like financial literacy, could be a solution to divert criminal acts such as shoplifting. The interviewee also shared that Snyder County Children & Youth Services consistently reports that drug and alcohol abuse is one of the issues that kids faces most frequently.

INTERVIEW KEY THEMES CRIME The interviewee focused much of the conversation on the unnecessary levels of crime occurring in the region that could be prevented by a more proactive public assistance system. “We need to put more resources into helping people before they end up in the system.”

DEALING WITH EMOTIONAL BURDENS The interviewee discussed the issue of poverty exacerbating pre-existing interpersonal issues; “all problems, from negative family dynamics to inequity in choice and opportunity, are exacerbated by poverty’s existence”. By addressing emotional burderns caused by the state of living in poverty, more people may find the internal motivation to become self-sufficient.

BASIC LIFE SKILLS Another identified avenue that could potentially lessen crime and other catastrophic life circumstances is increased access to learning basic life skills, such as financial literacy. “This could be a major source of lifting people out of poverty.”

41


Key Informant Interview #3 INTERVIEW SUMMARY The third and final key informant interviewee was a Union County resident and service provider for Union, Snyder, and Northumberland counties. A major theme of the conversation focused on the significance that mental health and wellness has on the “symptoms of poverty”. This interview looked deeply into the uniqueness of poverty in the immediate region.

Local Assets identified during this interview focused on the cultural understanding among residents that we can “take care of our own”. Especially in rural areas, such as Northern Union County and West of Middleburg, there are less resources available and more of this mentality among neighbors. Discussion of Needs acknowledged that, while there are obvious immediate benefits, this “take care of our own” philosophy can be detrimental in producing long-term, sustainable change. Resources need to be distributed more efficiently. Additional needs identified included transportation, racial diversity, and mental health and substance use disorder. Specifically, the interviewee shared that living with financial instability can have a significant effect on mental health that is hard for other people to empathize with. The sheer amount of stress that comes from not knowing where your next dollar - or meal - is coming from is extremely high: “I think about when I’m really stressed, and then magnify that by 100. Then I add the extra levels of no support system or reliable income. It’s staggering.”

INTERVIEW KEY THEMES MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS AND AWARENESS Mental health was the prominent area of focus during the conversation with this interviewee. Mental health, according to the interviewee, is one of the main sources of every symptom of poverty. We must learn how to take care of ourselves and create a system that provides that care to other people as a necessary step to improving our community.

DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE Closely linked to mental health, substance use disorder is another significant barrer to a thriving life. “Getting a job is not the problem. Keeping your job is the problem, and that’s the piece that connects wellness and mental health.”

CHILDREN’S SUCCESS IN SCHOOL This theme emerged in the interviewee’s discussion of the interconnectedness of poverty among generations. Children are impressionable and the negative effects of childhood lead them to have instability and less success as they grow.

42


Focus Group #1 “I’ve had to push [others around me] not to assume that someone’s poverty is a result of laziness or lack of desire.” - FOCUS GROUP PARTICIPANT

The first virtual focus group consisted of two females and one male facilitator. The discussion ranged from poverty’s effects on children’s school experience and overall mental health to how and why should community members help others living with low income. Much of the conversation centered on the importance of education, but not in the typical sense of the word - and as highlighted in previous pages of this report. More so, the participants in this focus group felt strongly that the community as a whole needed a better understanding of poverty and how it looks in our region. “There needs to be more education around poverty,” commented one participant. “Particularly, around what services are available to people in need.”

DIRECT QUOTES FROM FOCUS GROUP #1 PARTICIPANTS

When asked about the most effective services in our region, one participant responded, “I kinda dreaded this question, because I genuinely do not really

• “In this area, people are one flat tire away from poverty.”

know what services are provided.” She is not alone this was a frequent theme that emerged within all

• “[Many people in the area have] the bootstrap mentality

three phases of CAA’s data collection process,

- that is, ‘I’m working hard for my stability, so you can,

assumingly due to the rural nature of the counties

too’.”

and uneven distribution of resources. • “The lack of knowledge about available services is the biggest obstacle to getting help.”

Another looming theme surrounding the conversation was the cyclical nature of poverty and

• “In addition [to the obvious effects of financial instability

its ability to keep families held down for

on physical and mental health], poverty is cyclical in

generations. This cycle must be broken in order to

generations because children are taught from a young

help people escape poverty. The participants agree

age.”

that services focused on teaching the skills to attain

• “Poverty is a cruel cycle that bleeds into every aspect of

self-sufficiency will achieve this goal. Additionally, it

life: poor mental health begets poor physical health and

is important the discussion surrounding the

lack of motivation, lack of financial stability begets poor

counties’ “hidden poverty”, that is, people living in

mental health, lack of motivation begets financial instability, etc. There is a lack of knowledge on this, which

poverty that are not apparent to the public eye like

leads back to stigmas.”

in urban areas. This can often lead to mistrust and heightened stigma towards people in poverty.

43


Focus Group #2 “Lack of trust is the quintiessential piece of the cycle [of generational poverty].” - FOCUS GROUP PARTICIPANT

The second virtual focus group also consisted of two females and one male facilitator. The discussion began with the immediate acknowledgement of the “hidden poverty” that is unqiue to the region. Additionally, the philosophy that people are reluctant to ask for help. “It’s not the stereotypical homeless population [in Union and Snyder counties],” commented one participant. “It’s not people that are necessarily even out of work. A lot of it is people that are working and they have kids and just don’t quite make enough money to cover it all.” The other participant seconded the issue of hidden poverty, and noted that it’s especially prevalent

DIRECT QUOTES FROM FOCUS GROUP #2 PARTICIPANTS

when school is in session. “A lot of families are scraping things together, living paycheck to paycheck. This leads to a lot of people seeing

• “A lack of resources keeps people in the cycle, which

poverty as a moral failing.”

leads to coping mechanisms, like substance abuse, that further keep people in the cycle.”

When also asked about the ability to find resources,

• “[Poverty] effects the kids a lot. It’s way cheaper to feed

this group responded similarly to the first group:

your family on unhealthy food than on healthy food.”

with apprehension. One participant, who was a service provider, shared “even people involved in

• “A lot of measures that are put in place are a stop-gap

the network don’t know many of the tools available”.

and don’t address root causes of the problem.” • “[Our community struggles with] university-sponsored

The participants in this group also spent a majority

gentrification.”

of the conversation discussing cyclical and multi-generational poverty. They acknowledged that

• “There’s too much noise to build trust in the institutions

a lack of equity is everywhere and it’s both a cause

that are supposed to be there to help people. This lack of

and result of poverty. Specifically, there are not

trust is the quintiessential piece of the cycle [of generational poverty].”

enough programs that focus on multi-generational learning. “It’s very rare that people escape the cycle,” commented a participant, “even when they do, its ghost stays with them.”

44


Conclusions & Actions reducing racial discrimination in our

Across the board, access to healthcare

region. Additionally, all CAA staff will

and health insurance emerged as a top concern for residents of Union and Snyder

participate in continued racial bias trainings to

counties. We view this concern as specific to

better support our diverse customer base.

the COVID-19 pandemic, and also believe that

Consistent with findings in CAA’s

it will remain a priority for the next several

2016/2017 Community Needs

months to years as our community continues

Assessment process, community members

to wrestle with the consequences of the global

communicated a top priority of ensuring

health crisis. In response to this concern, CAA

overall child wellbeing and, specifically,

staff will be trained and educated on the

children’s success in school. CAA staff will

various health assistance programs that

continue to participate in the area’s Children’s

could be a viable option for their

Roundtable, organized by Union and Snyder

customers to pursue. CAA will also convene

County Children & Youth agencies.

with identified health and wellness providers

Additionally, CAA’s Director participates on

to discuss creative solutions for collaboration

SUMMIT Early Learning’s Board of Directors,

to begin filling the gap for residents with low

and SUMMIT’s Director serves on CAA’s Board.

income who have limited healthcare options.

CAA will seek opportunities for creative

Another frequently mentioned theme

collaboration with SUMMIT and area school

that emerged within our local data

districts to ensure child wellbeing and

collection that has connection to nation-wide

success, in addition to continuing to offer

events taking place in 2020 was racial

parenting support through our

discrimination. CAA will remain in

self-sufficiency programs.

partnership with the Greater Susquehanna

While CAA doesn’t specifically offer

Valley United Way by supporting and

programs supporting mental health

assigning select staff members to regularly

and/or substance use disorder treatment, we

participate in its Diversity & Inclusion

participate in conversations and planning

Impact Council to connect with community

sessions with key providers through the work

members and local agencies dedicated to

45


Conclusions & Actions Cont. of the Snyder/Union Opioid Coalition. We do,

eviction. Additionally, CAA convenes local

however, offer programs that directly support

housing providers and landlords in a regular

people’s success in employment. This Needs

Local Housing Options Team (LHOT) meeting

Assessment process has further drawn

forum to discuss housing needs and solutions.

emphasis to the need for mental health and

Still, more must be done. CAA will

substance abuse support to empower people

re-evaluate its approach to delivering

to experience long-term employment at

housing assistance programs to ensure a

good-paying jobs. CAA will re-evaluate its

full-person approach to achieving

employment skills curriculum to

self-sufficiency and long-term success. CAA

emphasize basic life skills as well as action

will also further engage landlords and tenants

steps towards achieving positive mental

in conversations around responsible renting

health, including treatment, with the end

as well as explore successful landlord

goal of long-term employment in mind.

mitigation programs to institute a similar

Additionally, CAA will strategize conversations

model for encouraging a more equitable

with local employers to increase

low-income housing system.

understanding of employing people with

Another consistent issue in our region

interpersonal barriers and act as a supportive

is access to transportation. Without a

agent between employee and employer to

public transit system, residents have difficulty

ensure employment success.

getting to important appointments,

Housing remains a consistent barrier

employment, school, etc. CAA will explore

for Union and Snyder county residents

diversified funding streams to better

seeking self-sufficiency. Between a significant

support more people with general

lack of shelter space in the community, and

transportation assistance, which includes

minimal options for affordable rental units,

car repairs, purchases, and gas. Until a

vulnerable families are at risk of experiencing

public transit system is put in place, we

homelessness at any given time. CAA’s current

believe that a key to self-sufficiency is getting

housing programs offer Rapid Rehousing for

people into cars without incurring further

families experiencing homelessness as well as

financial burdens.

rental and utility assistance to prevent 46


Conclusions & Actions Cont. In analyzing the results produced

2. More resources need to be implemented to

from the three phases of this

better support homeless Union and Snyder

Community Needs Assessment, the

individuals and families. The entire

Committee identified the need to continue the

Union/Snyder region only hosts one shelter

Asset Mapping project to include Mapping

for women and children in Middleburg

Recommendations. CAA will organize a

(Western Snyder County). Agencies are tasked

subcommittee to complete a Mapping

with finding fast affordable housing or paying

Recommendation subreport to highlight

for hotel stays until a unit becomes available;

gaps in specific areas of the counties and

this is both a stress on our local housing

inspire collaboration to fulfill unmet needs.

market as well as a financially unsustainable

For now, the Committee has identified five

solution for the limited housing resources that

example regional recommendations, inspired

currently exist. The Local Housing Options

by the data collected through this Assessment

Team (LHOT), led by CAA, is currently working

process:

with key groups and individuals to identify sustainable practices and inspire

1. Regional transportation solution(s) must

collaboration.

take priority. This can include a public transit system and/or a ride share program that is

3. As demonstrated in the Asset Mapping

accessible to any family in need (e.g. reduced

project, there are ample food resources in

eligibility criteria). Both Uber and Lyft models

both Union and Snyder counties; however,

have been researched, but seems

approximately 8,000 residents are currently

unattainable due to the rural nature of our

food insecure, with an expected 5% increase

region. Without attainable transportation

as a result of the current COVID-19 pandemic.

solutions, residents without transportation

A coordinated effort among these food

face a significant barrier to accessing

distribution programs is needed to ensure

resources, especially those located in Western

that food is accessible to every resident. At the

parts of the counties and far from Eastern

time of this report, CAA is in the

resource hubs.

implementation phase of building the region’s

47


Conclusions & Actions Cont. first Hunger Coalition to inspire collaboration

Assessment Committee acknowledge the

and reduce duplication of food efforts. This

critical nature of forming regional

also includes the establishment of the first

recommendations in partnership with local

Union County Food Hub in partnership with

leadership, agency representatives, and

the Lewisburg YMCA at The Miller Center -

clients. We look forward to the

powered by Evangelical and Geisinger.

implementation of this Mapping Recommendation project and hope that, like

4. The opioid epidemic is affecting families

this Community Needs Assessment report, it

across Union and Snyder counties, with

will serve as a tool for various aspects of

limited drug treatment programs in the

equity work being done in Union and Snyder

region. There must be a more concentrated

counties.

effort on supporting individuals living with substance use disorder in our region. The

ALLENWOOD

Union and Snyder Opioid Coalitions, led by the Greater Susquehanna Valley United Way, is

NEW COLUMBIA

currently working with key groups and individuals to identify sustainable resources.

MAZEPPA LEWISBURG VICKSBURG

5. Childcare resources in the region are both limited and financially unsustainable for

MIFFLINBURG NEW BERLIN

families living with low income. SUMMIT Early

LAURELTON

Learning is the lead innovator in early

PENNS CREEK

childhood programming for both Union and

KRAZTERVILLE

Snyder counties. More independent and/or

SHAMOKIN DAM

SELINSGROVE

MIDDLEBURG

collaborative efforts must be made in making childcare more accessible for families.

WINFIELD

BEAVER SPRINGS MCCLURE

CAA and members on its Community Needs

48

MT. PLEASANT MILLS

HERNDON


Acknowledgements It is our hope that this Needs Assessment will serve as a tool for not only us, but our community as a whole - from local government to places of worship - to guide our collective approach to creating a more equitable society for all Union and Snyder county residents. As noted throughout the report, CAA cannot do any of this work alone: we rely on and are energized by the collaborations with individuals and community organizations around us. We want to thank our Community Needs Assessment Committee for their guidance and feedback throughout our entire process: Doug Bertanzetti (SUMMIT Early Learning), Sarah Farbo (Susquehanna University), Yudys Fernandez (Union-Snyder CAA), Lori Hackenberg, Esq. (Snyder County), Susan Jordan (Susquehanna Valley Mediation Center), Scott Kerstetter (Union County Probation), Lynn Pierson (Bucknell University), and Alicia Saxon (Community Member and Parent). We also want to express our gratitude for: • The anonymous participants, who took time to complete our survey and provide feedback through our interview processes • Ben Marsh (Bucknell University), who provided guidance for our asset mapping project • CommunityAid - Selinsgrove staff, who supported our project by setting up a survey station in their store for local shoppers • GIANT, who donated gift cards to encourage survey participation Lastly, to our CPWDC Data Analyst/Special Projects Coordinator intern, Henry Harrison, who spent hours of his summer break from college analyzing survey data, transcribing interviews, and identifying resources to map. We couldn’t have produced such a well-rounded snapshot of our community needs without your impressive leadership. #bestinternever

49


Appendix • Ranking Process, Lists of Concerns • Survey Questions, English and Spanish • Community Needs Assessment Flyer • CAAP Community Needs Assessment Full Report, Population and Poverty

50


Ranking Process, Lists of Concerns We asked our survey participants to rate how important it is that 36 different community issues be addressed in the next three years on a scale from unnecessary, low priority, medium priority, high priority, and necessary (including an option for unsure/undecided). We used a three step process in order to aggregate the data into one ordered, cohesive list which ranks each issue from what the community considers most necessary to address to least necessary. In the first step, we assigned each option a numerical value from 1-5, 1 being unnecessary and 5 being necessary, and omitted each time the Unsure option was selected. From there, we took the average numerical score of each issue and ranked them from highest to lowest score to establish a priority ranking. If two issues had the same average, they were subsequently ranked by how many unsure votes they received, with the lesser amount being ranked higher. Notably, Access to healthcare and health insurance (4.04) and More good-paying jobs (4.00) were the only two issues to reach a score of at least 4 (which corresponds to high priority), although four others were less than one tenth away. The average score of every other issue besides these two was at least 3.12. In the second step, we repeated the process but included the unsure selections in the

average and assigned them a value of 0. Any ties were resolved in the same way as in the previous step. In this step, the numerical average of each issue dropped, although some drops were much more drastic than others considering the differences between the number of unsure selections for each issue (the lowest being 8 and the highest being 33). While no issue crested the threshold of scoring at least 4 in step 2, 8 issues (Cost of utilities, Incarceration and re-entry concerns, Crime, Cost of home repairs, Homelessness, Juvenile crime, Language barriers, and Immigration and citizenship issues) all dropped below a score of 3. In the final step of the process, we created our final, comprehensive order by averaging together the rank of each issue in the previous two steps. For example, in step 1, More good-paying jobs was ranked second, but in step 2 it was ranked fourth, so its average ranking for step 3 was a 3, placing it behind Children's success in school (average of 2.5) and ahead of High healthcare costs (average of 3.5). Meanwhile, Debt was ranked twenty-first in step 1 and twenty-fourth in step 2, so its average rank was 22.5. Any ties in average rank were resolved by averaging their scores from steps 1 and 2. The most notable result of the final table is that Access to healthcare and health insurance was the highest prioritized issue in each step, making it the undisputed top-ranked issue.


Union & Snyder County Community Needs Assessment, 2020-2023 Introduction Union-Snyder Community Action Agency is conducting its Union & Snyder County Community Needs Assessment to plan for 2020-2023. Community Action Agencies across the country are required to assess the needs of the communities they serve to make sure the programs and services offered are meeting the unique needs of their residents. All residents of Union or Snyder counties are invited to complete this 20-minute survey, which asks questions regarding Household Information, Education, Employment & Income, Health & Ability, Housing & Assistance, and Community Concerns. This year, CAA’s Assessment will also include questions specifically focused on COVID-19 and how the pandemic has affected your household and community. We estimate this survey will take about 20 minutes. As a special 'thank you' to the participants who take the time to provide input towards this crucial project, CAA is raffling off $750 in GIANT gift cards to everyone who submits a completed assessment. Respondents will have the opportunity to enter their contact information in a separate survey upon completion for a chance to win a $50 GIANT gift card. Surveys are available in paper and/or Spanish format upon request. Community Needs Assessment en Espaùol

For questions or concerns regarding the Union & Snyder County Community Needs Assessment, please contact Henry Harrison at hharrison@union-snydercaa.org or (570) 374-0181.


Union & Snyder County Community Needs Assessment, 2020-2023 Household Information * 1. What is your age?

* 2. What gender do you identify as? Male Female Non-Binary Other Prefer not to answer

* 3. What ZIP code do you live in?

* 4. Which option best describes your ethnicity? Black/African American Hispanic/Latinx Asian White American Indian/Alaska Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander Multiracial Other I prefer not to answer


* 5. What is your marital status? Married Long-term significant other Single

6. How many people besides yourself live in your household? 18 years old or younger 19-26 years old 27-40 years old 41-60 years old Older than 60 years old

* 7. Which of these options describes your household the best? Single person, no roommates Single person with roommates Two adults, no children Single parent, male Single parent, female Two parent household Non-related adults with children Multi-generational household (at least three generations) Other

* 8. What is the main language spoken in your household? English Spanish Other (please specify)

* 9. Are you a member of the US military? Yes, I am active duty Yes, I am a veteran No


10. Is anyone else in your household a veteran of the US military? Yes No If yes, what is their relation to you?


Union & Snyder County Community Needs Assessment, 2020-2023 Education * 11. Are you currently enrolled as a student in any kind of educational institution (night school, trade school, college, etc.)? Yes No

* 12. What is your highest level of education? No high school Some high school High school graduate or GED Associate's degree Bachelor's degree Trade school graduate Master's degree Doctorate

13. What is the highest level of education achieved by someone else in your household? No high school Some high school High school graduate or GED Associate's degree Bachelor's degree Trade school graduate Master's degree Doctorate There is no one else in my household


Union & Snyder County Community Needs Assessment, 2020-2023 Employment & Income * 14. What is your current employment status? Employed full time Employed part time Unemployed and seeking a job Unemployed and not seeking a job Retired Other (please specify)

15. If you are employed part time, how many hours do you work each week? Less than 20 hours 20-30 hours 30-40 hours I am not employed part time Other (please specify)


* 16. If you are employed and earn an hourly wage, what is that wage? Less than $7.25/hour $7.25-$8.29/hour $8.30-$10.44/hour $10.45-$12.59/hour $12.60-$14.74/hour $14.75-$16.89/hour $16.90-$19.04/hour $19.05-$21.20/hour Greater than $21.20/hour I earn a yearly salary I am unemployed or retired Other (please specify)

* 17. If you are employed and earn a yearly salary, what is that salary? Less than $12,760/year $12,761-$17,240/year $17,241-$21,720/year $21,721-$26,200/year $26,201-$30,680/year $30,681-$35,160/year $35,161-$39,640/year $38-641-$44,120/year Greater than $44,120/year I earn an hourly wage I am unemployed or retired Other (please specify)


* 18. Considering all of the contributions to your household's income (other people's jobs, cash benefits, etc.), what do you estimate your household's total yearly income is? Less than $12,760/year $12,761-$17,240/year $17,241-$21,720/year $21,721-$26,200/year $26,201-$30,680/year $30,681-$35,160/year $35,161-$39,640/year $39,641-$44,120/year $44,121-$50,000/year $50,001-$60,000/year $60,001-$70,000/year $70,001-$80,000/year Greater than $80,00/year Other (please specify)

* 19. Which of these options best describes where your household gets its income? Income from employment only Income from employment and other income sources Income from employment, other income sources, and non-cash government benefits Income from employment and non-cash government benefits Other sources of income only Other sources of income and non-cash government benefits Non-cash government benefits only There is no source of income Other (please specify)


* 20. Are you or is anyone in your household living on an income at or below the federal poverty level? Yes, everyone in my household is Yes, some people in my household are including me Yes, other people in my household are, but I'm not No I don't know


Union & Snyder County Community Needs Assessment, 2020-2023 Health & Ability * 21. Do you have a disabling condition? Yes No

* 22. Does anyone else in your household have a disabling condition? Yes No If yes, what is their relation to you?

* 23. Do you have health insurance? Yes No

* 24. If yes, where do you get your health insurance from? Medicare Medicaid CHIP (Children's Health Insurance Program) State Health Insurance for Adults Military Healthcare Direct-Purchase Employment provided I don't know I don't have health insurance Other (please specify)


25. Does anyone in your household not have health insurance? Yes No If yes, what is their relation to you?


Union & Snyder County Community Needs Assessment, 2020-2023 Housing & Assistance * 26. What is your housing status? I own my home I rent my home I am in other long-term housing I am currently staying with someone else I am homeless Other

* 27. Does anyone in your household (including yourself) currently receive, or have they received in the past year, any assistance from the federal or state government? Yes, everyone uses the same programs Yes, but we use different programs No I don't know


* 28. If someone in your household received government assistance, what programs did they receive assistance through? (Check all that apply) We all receive assistance through the same programs SNAP (Food Stamps) WIC (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Woman, Infants, and Children) Medicare Medicaid CHIP (Children's Health Insurance Program) Subsidized housing, housing vouchers, or another public housing program LIHEAP (Low Income Housing Energy Assistance Program) TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families) SSI (Supplemental Security Insurance) Unemployment Insurance Pension Any Veteran's Assistance program I know some, but not all of the programs we receive assistance through I don't know any of the programs we receive assistance through I don't know if anyone else receives government assistance We do not receive any government assistance Other (please specify)

* 29. Does anyone in your household (including you) receive, or have they received in the past year, assistance from local public or private aid organizations? Yes No I don't know If yes, what organizations or programs helped them? (Please write your answer into the comment box below. If you do not know or prefer not to answer, please answer 'N/A').

* 30. Do you know how to access federal, state, and local assistance programs? Yes No


* 31. Do the other people in your household know how to access federal, state, and local assistance programs? Yes, all of them do Yes, some of them do No There are no other people in my household I don't know


Union & Snyder County Community Needs Assessment, 2020-2023 Community Concerns 32. Please rank each of the following issues by how important it is that they are addressed by the community in the next three years. Consider how common they are in your community and the surrounding county. Grade them on a scale of unnecessary, low, medium, high, necessary, or unsure: Unnecessary Drug and alcohol abuse Access to healthcare and health insurance High healthcare costs Access to dental and vision care Dealing with emotional burdens (anger, stress, relationships, etc.) Mental health problems and lack of awareness Child abuse and neglect Children's success in school Students dropping out of high school Paying for college and other higher education Need for support for parents Making childcare more affordable More good-paying jobs More job training programs Working but not making enough money

Low

Medium

High

Necessary

Unsure


Unnecessary

Low

Medium

High

Necessary

Unsure

Debt Food costs Access to healthy food Lack of affordable housing Homelessness Cost of home repairs Cost of utilities Lack of public transportation Cost and accessibility of transportation to work or services Ability to manage and budget money Crime Incarceration and reentry issues Juvenile crime Domestic violence Neighborhood safety Racial discrimination Veterans' services Senior citizens' services Disabled citizens' services Language barriers Immigration and citizenship issues

* 33. Which single item from the previous list is the most important thing for the community to focus on right now?


34. Please share any comments you may have about the accessibility of programs and services and unmet needs in the community. (NOTE: The following page contains COVID-19 specific questions.)


Union & Snyder County Community Needs Assessment, 2020-2023 COVID-19 Community Needs Assessment * 35. How has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted you personally? Check all that apply. I am/was tested positive for COVID-19. I am vulnerable to contracting COVID-19. I lost my employment. My income was decreased. No personal impact. Prefer not to answer. Other (please specify)

* 36. Has our local healthcare system properly responded to the COVID-19 pandemic? Yes No I Don't Know Comment

* 37. Have hospitals and/or other health resources had services interrupted or quality of care decreased by the COVID-19 pandemic? Yes No I Don't Know Comment


* 38. Have local mental health resources been able to help people emotionally with the COVID-19 pandemic? Yes No I Don't Know Comment

* 39. Has the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted your family's ability to access food? Yes No

* 40. If you answered 'yes' to the question above, has the lack of free or reduced cost meals at school for your child been a factor? Yes No I do not have a child who had access to school meals My family has not had trouble accessing food

* 41. If you experienced unexpected unemployment as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, do you know how to access unemployment benefits and other resources available to you? Yes No I have not experienced unexpected unemployment as a result of COVID-19

* 42. If you have a child that was affected by school closures as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, was your child unable to learn as well? Yes, my child wasn't able to learn as well because we lack technology Yes, my child wasn't able to learn as well because we lack access to learning tools Yes, my child wasn't able to learn as well because they weren't in the classroom No, my child did well despite school closures I do not have a child that was affected by school closures Comment


* 43. If you have a child that was affected by school closures as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, how has your family been impacted? Check all that apply. I am unable to work as much because I can't make childcare arrangements I am unable to help my child succeed in school I am unable to get enough food for my child I have trouble keeping my child active and caring for my child while I work from home My family has been relatively unaffected I do not have a child affected by school closures Other

* 44. Have assistance programs or services you use been interrupted as a result of COVID-19? Yes No I do not typically access assistance programs or services If yes, which programs?

* 45. Many community resources (for example, sports, YMCA, transportation services, after school care, etc.) have been limited due to the COVID-19 pandemic. What one missing or limited resource has affected you and your family the most?


We want to hear from you! Union-Snyder

COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT to assist with: • stable housing • food security • education

• employment • income security Complete the free survey online at

www.union-snydercaa.org/cna for the chance to win a

Visit the website

Take the survey

Tell your friends


¡QUEREMOS SABER DE TI! Union-Snyder

EVALUACIÓN DE LAS NECESIDADES DE LA COMUNIDAD para ayudar: • seguridad alimentaria • vivienda estable • educación • empleo • seguridad de ingresos Complete la encuesta gratuita en línea en

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Community Needs Assessment Online Tool Location Union‐Snyder Community Action Agency

Population Population Change Population change within the report area from 2000‐2018 is shown below. During the eighteen‐year period, total population estimates for the report area grew by 8.1 percent, increasing from 79,170 persons in 2000 to 85,580 persons in 2018. Percent Change in Population

Total Report Area Population, 2018 ACS Report Location

85,580

Total Population, 2000 Census

Population Change from 2000‐2018

Percent Change from 2000‐2018

Census/ACS

Census/ACS

79,170

6,410

8.10%

Snyder County, PA

40,466

37,546

2,920

7.78%

Union County, PA

45,114

41,624

3,490

8.38%

12,791,181

12,281,054

510,127

4.15%

United States 322,903,030 281,421,906

41,481,124

14.74%

Pennsylvania

-20%

Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. US Census Bureau, Decennial Census. 2014‐18. Source geography: County

Population, Density (Persons per Sq Mile) by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 5,000 1,001 ‐ 5,000 501 ‐ 1,000 51 ‐ 500 Under 51 No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location

 View larger map

Population Change 20

%

15

10

5

0 Percent Change from 2000-2018

Report Location

Pennsylvania

Page 1 / 45

United States

60%

Report Location (8.10%) Pennsylvania (4.15%) United States (14.74%)


Age and Gender Demographics Population by gender within the report area is shown below. According to ACS 2014‐2018 5 year population estimates for the report area, the female population comprised 47.98% of the report area, while the male population represented 52.02%. Report Area

0 to 4

0 to 4

5 to 17

5 to 17

18 to 64

18 to 64

Over 64

Over 64

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Report Location

2,204

2,026

6,345

6,042

29,750

24,257

5,850

8,390

Snyder County, PA

1,120

1,006

3,284

3,127

12,470

12,253

2,897

4,017

Union County, PA

1,084

1,020

3,061

2,915

17,280

12,004

2,953

4,373

Pennsylvania

363,116

346,134

1,006,565

959,515

3,925,430

3,960,560

860,415

1,261,783

United States

10,146,960

9,689,890

27,438,613

26,277,777

99,617,317

100,493,892

19,630,586

27,457,281

Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014‐18. Source geography: County

Median Age by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 45.0 40.1 ‐ 45.0 35.1 ‐ 40.0 Under 35.1 No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location  View larger map

Age and Gender Demographics Report Location 0 to 4 Male: 2.6%

Over 64 Female: 9.9%

0 to 4 Female: 2.4%

Over 64 Male: 6.9%

5 to 17 Male: 7.5% 5 to 17 Female: 7.1%

18 to 64 Female: 28.6% 18 to 64 Male: 35.1%

Adult Ages (18 ‐ 65) Report Area

18 to 24

18 to 24

25 to 34

25 to 34

35 to 44

35 to 44

45 to 54

45 to 54

55 to 64

55 to 64

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Male

Female

Report Location

6,073

5,354

5,635

4,199

5,825

4,332

6,550

5,093

5,667

5,279

Snyder County, PA

2,523

2,408

2,265

2,187

2,193

2,292

2,794

2,658

2,695

2,708

Union County, PA

3,550

2,946

3,370

2,012

3,632

2,040

3,756

2,435

2,972

2,571

606,696

587,792

846,350

821,398

745,907

749,315

853,654

877,640

872,823

924,415

Pennsylvania United States

15,846,667 15,057,052 22,550,492 22,017,484 20,308,605 20,454,605 20,998,089 21,591,484 19,913,464 21,373,267

Page 2 / 45


Adult Ages (18 - 65) Report Location 55 to 64 Female: 9.8%

18 to 24 Male: 11.2%

55 to 64 Male: 10.5%

18 to 24 Female: 9.9%

45 to 54 Female: 9.4% 25 to 34 Male: 10.4%

25 to 34 Female: 7.8%

45 to 54 Male: 12.1%

35 to 44 Male: 10.8%

35 to 44 Female: 8.0%

Hispanic Ages (Male and Female Combined) Report Area Report Location

0 to 4

5 to 17

18 to 24

25 to 34

35 to 44

45 to 54

55 to 64

Over 65

198

502

839

490

629

533

197

159

Snyder County, PA

77

201

139

80

174

137

51

45

Union County, PA

121

301

700

410

455

396

146

114

Pennsylvania

92,363

220,554

113,790

149,748

125,308

95,301

60,520

47,572

United States

5,141,740

13,206,083

6,710,463

9,110,263

8,287,301

6,648,870

4,457,641

3,955,574

Hispanic Ages (Male and Female Combined) Report Location Over 65: 4.5%

0 to 4: 5.6%

55 to 64: 5.6% 5 to 17: 14.2% 45 to 54: 15.0%

18 to 24: 23.7% 35 to 44: 17.7%

25 to 34: 13.8%

Race Demographics Population by gender within the report area is shown below. According to ACS 2014�2018 5 year population estimates, the white population comprised 92.79% of the report area, black population represented 3.91%, and other races combined were 3.3%. Persons identifying themselves as mixed race made up 1.66% of the population.

Report Area

White

Black

Total

Total

American

Asian

Indian

Total

Total

Native

Mixed

Hawaiian

Race

Total

Total

Report Location

78,232

3,297

335

1,021

26

1,397

Snyder County, PA

39,044

415

12

275

0

486

Union County, PA

39,188

2,882

323

746

26

911

Pennsylvania

10,341,442

1,423,319

24,847

427,892

4,107

310,880

United States

234,904,818

40,916,113

2,699,073

17,574,550

582,718

10,435,797

Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014�2018. Source geography: County

Page 3 / 45


Race Demographics Report Location Mixed Race: 1.7% Asian: 1.2% American Indian: 0.4% Black: 3.9%

White: 92.8%

Race Demographics � Male Report Area

White

Black

Male

Male

American

Asian

Indian

Total

Male

Native

Mixed

Hawaiian

Race

Male

Male

Report Location

39,083

2,999

289

438

17

897

Snyder County, PA

19,221

330

0

135

0

251

Union County, PA

19,862

2,669

289

303

17

646

Pennsylvania

5,068,116

687,256

13,398

204,778

1,875

155,118

United States

116,135,803

19,555,560

1,338,375

8,343,752

290,789

5,211,268

Ethnicity Demographics � Male Report Area

Total Males Hispanic /

Total Males Not Hispanic /

Percent Males Hispanic /

Percent Males Not Hispanic /

Latino

Latino

Latino

Latino

Report Location

2,511

42,354

5.60%

94.40%

Snyder County, PA

384

19,679

1.91%

98.09%

2,127

22,675

8.58%

91.42%

Pennsylvania

461,603

5,801,586

7.37%

92.63%

United States

29,059,591

129,924,599

18.28%

81.72%

Union County, PA

Ethnicity Demographics - Male 100

%

75

50

25

0 Hispanic or Latino

Not Hispanic or Latino

Report Location

Pennsylvania

Page 4 / 45

United States


Race Demographics ‐ Female Report Area

White

Black

Female

Female

American

Asian

Indian

Female

Female

Native

Mixed

Hawaiian

Race

Female

Female

Report Location

39,149

298

46

583

9

500

Snyder County, PA

19,823

85

12

140

0

235

Union County, PA

19,326

213

34

443

9

265

Pennsylvania

5,273,326

736,063

11,449

223,114

2,232

155,762

United States

118,769,015

21,360,553

1,360,698

9,230,798

291,929

5,224,529

Ethnicity Demographics ‐ Female Report Area

Total Females Hispanic /

Total Females Not Hispanic /

Percent Females Hispanic /

Percent Females Not Hispanic /

Latino

Latino

Latino

Latino

Report Location

1,036

39,679

2.54%

97.46%

Snyder County, PA

520

19,883

2.55%

97.45%

Union County, PA

516

19,796

2.54%

97.46%

Pennsylvania

443,553

6,084,439

6.79%

93.21%

United States

28,458,344

135,460,496

17.36%

82.64%

Ethnicity Demographics - Female 125

100

%

75

50

25

0 Hispanic or Latino

Not Hispanic or Latino

Report Location

Pennsylvania

United States

Hispanic Population The estimated population that is of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin in the report area is 3,547. This represents 4.14% of the total report area population, which is less than the national rate of 17.81%. Origin can be viewed as the heritage, nationality group, lineage, or country of birth of the person or the person’s parents or ancestors before their arrival in the United States. People who identify their origin as Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish may be of any race.

Page 5 / 45


Report Area

Total

Non‐Hispanic

Percent Population Non‐

Hispanic or Latino

Percent Population Hispanic or

Population

Population

Hispanic

Population

Latino

Report Location

85,580

82,033

95.86%

3,547

4.14%

Snyder County, PA

40,466

39,562

97.77%

904

2.23%

Union County, PA

45,114

42,471

94.14%

2,643

5.86%

Pennsylvania

12,791,181

11,886,025

92.92%

905,156

7.08%

United States

322,903,030

265,385,095

82.19%

57,517,935

17.81%

Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014‐18. Source geography: Tract

Population, Hispanic or Latino, Percent by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 10.0% 5.1 ‐ 10.0% 2.1 ‐ 5.0% Under 2.1% No Hispanic Population Reported No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location

 View larger map

Hispanic Population by Gender Report Area

Male

Report Location

Female

Male, Percent

Female, Percent

2,511

1,036

70.79%

29.21%

384

520

42.48%

57.52%

2,127

516

80.48%

19.52%

Pennsylvania

461,603

443,553

51.00%

49.00%

United States

29,059,591

28,458,344

50.52%

49.48%

Snyder County, PA Union County, PA

Hispanic Population by Gender 75

%

50

25

0 Male, Percent

Female, Percent

Report Location

Pennsylvania

Hispanic Population by Race Alone, Percent

Page 6 / 45

United States


Black or African

Native American or Alaska

American

Native

Asian

Native Hawaiian or Pacific

Some Other

Multiple

Islander

Race

Race

Report Area

White

Report Location

1.71%

6.85%

9.55% 1.67%

0.00%

84.04%

25.63%

Snyder County, 63.27% PA

5.09%

0.00% 0.00%

0.00%

25.88%

5.75%

Union County, PA

44.87%

4.73%

1.40% 0.00%

0.00%

36.40%

12.60%

Pennsylvania

56.85%

6.93%

1.15% 0.36%

0.16%

26.28%

8.27%

United States

65.59%

2.09%

0.98% 0.36%

0.10%

26.14%

4.75%

Hispanic Population by Race Alone, Percent 100

%

75

50

25

0 White

Black or African American

Native American or Alaska Native

Report Location

Asian

Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander

Pennsylvania

Some Other Race

Multiple Race

United States

Hispanic Population by Race Alone, Total Report Area Report Location

Non�Hispanic

Black or African

Native American or Alaska

White

American

Native

Native Hawaiian or Pacific Some Other

Asian

Islander

Race

Multiple Race

1,758

171

37

0

0

1,196

385

572

46

0

0

0

234

52

1,186

125

37

0

0

962

333

Pennsylvania

514,577

62,743

10,428

3,295

1,405

237,834

74,874

United States

37,723,641

1,200,196

563,594 207,381

57,616

Snyder County, PA Union County, PA

Hispanic Population by Race Alone, Total Report Location Multiple Race: 10.9%

Non-Hispanic White: 49.6% Some Other Race: 33.7%

Asian: 0.0% Native American or Alaska Native: 1.0% Black or African American: 4.8%

Page 7 / 45

15,035,465 2,730,042


Hispanic Population by Age Group Report Area Report Location

Age 0‐4

Age 5‐17

Age 18‐24

Age 25‐34

Age 35‐44

Age 45‐54

Age 55‐64

Age 65+

198

502

839

490

629

533

197

159

Snyder County, PA

77

201

139

80

174

137

51

45

Union County, PA

121

301

700

410

455

396

146

114

Pennsylvania

92,363

220,554

113,790

149,748

125,308

95,301

60,520

47,572

United States

5,141,740

13,206,083

6,710,463

9,110,263

8,287,301

6,648,870

4,457,641

3,955,574

Hispanic Population by Age Group Report Location Age 65+: 4.5%

Age 0-4: 5.6%

Age 55-64: 5.6% Age 5-17: 14.2% Age 45-54: 15.0%

Age 18-24: 23.7% Age 35-44: 17.7%

Age 25-34: 13.8%

Household Types The U.S. Census Bureau estimated there were 29,455 households in the report area in 2017. Single person households comprised of 27.02% of the total, two person households comprised 37.59% of the total, three person households comprised 13.62% of the total, four person households comprised 11.63% of the total, and larger households of 5 or more made up 10.14% of the total. Union County, PA has the most number of three person households with 1,503, while Snyder County, PA has the fewest in this report area with 1,483. Report Area

Total Households

1 Person

2 People

3 People

4 People

5 or More People

Report Location

29,455

7,959

11,072

4,011

3,427

2,986

Snyder County, PA

14,716

3,576

5,689

2,299

1,669

1,483

Union County, PA

14,739

4,383

5,383

1,712

1,758

1,503

Pennsylvania

5,025,132

1,484,446

1,755,068

772,641

614,184

398,793

United States

119,730,128

33,212,256

40,570,302

18,759,684

15,520,964

11,666,922

Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014‐2018. Source geography: county

Page 8 / 45


Household Types Report Location 5 or More People: 10.1% 1 Person: 27.0% 4 People: 11.6%

3 People: 13.6%

2 People: 37.6%

Household Types (Percent) Report Area

Total Households

1 Person

2 People

3 People

4 People

5 or More People

Report Location

29,455

27.02%

37.59%

13.62%

11.63%

10.14%

Snyder County, PA

14,716

24.30%

38.66%

15.62%

11.34%

10.08%

Union County, PA

14,739

29.74%

36.52%

11.62%

11.93%

10.20%

Pennsylvania

5,025,132

29.54%

34.93%

15.38%

12.22%

7.94%

United States

119,730,128

27.74%

33.88%

15.67%

12.96%

9.74%

Change in the Number of Households The change in number of households within the report area from 2000 to 2014/2018 is shown below. Total households for the report area increased by 2,623, or 9.78%, in those counties reported in the 2018 American Community Survey (ACS) 5‐year data. Union County, PA had the largest change with 1,561, while Snyder County, PA has the fewest in this report area with 1,062.

Report Area

Total Households (2000)

Total Households (2018)

Change in Households Percent Change

Report Location

26,832

29,455

2,623

9.78%

Snyder County, PA

13,654

14,716

1,062

7.78%

Union County, PA

13,178

14,739

1,561

11.85%

Pennsylvania

4,777,003

5,025,132

248,129

5.19%

United States

105,480,101

112,744,143

7,264,042

6.89%

Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. US Census Bureau, Decennial Census. 2014‐18. Source geography: County

Total Households by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 2,000 1,501 ‐ 2,000 1,001 ‐ 1,500 Under 1,001 No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location  View larger map

Page 9 / 45

Percent Change 2000 - 2012/2016

0%

50%

Report Location (9.78%) Pennsylvania (5.19%) United States (6.89%)


Change in the Number of Households 12.5

10

%

7.5

5

2.5

0 Percent Change

Report Location

Pennsylvania

United States

Citizenship Status The table below shows the numbers and percent of population by citizenship status for the report area. According the American Community Survey Data, 2014‐2018, Union County, PA has the largest number of non‐Citizens with 656, while Snyder County, PA has the fewest number of non‐Citizens with 271. The report area has a total of 927 non‐Citizens, or 1.08% of the total population of 85,580 persons, in contrast to the Pennsylvania average of 3.21% of the population being non‐ citizens and the national average of 6.90% being non‐Citizens.

Report Area

Native

Born in

Born

a US

Abroad to

Territory

US Citizens

Naturalized

Non‐Citizen

Non‐Citizen, Percent

Report Location

82,510

732

422

989

927

1.08%

Snyder County, PA

39,573

74

198

350

271

0.67%

Union County, PA

42,937

658

224

639

656

1.45%

Pennsylvania

11,695,698

151,158

78,605

454,876

410,844

3.21%

United States

274,335,209

1,973,195

3,055,127

21,250,009

22,289,490

6.90%

Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014‐18. Source geography: county

Foreign‐Born Population (Non‐Citizen or Naturalized), Percent by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 5.0% 2.1 ‐ 5.0% 1.1 ‐ 2.0% Under 1.1% No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location

 View larger map

Page 10 / 45


Citizenship Status Report Location Non-Citizen: 1.1% Naturalized: 1.2% Born in a US Territory: 0.9%

Native: 96.4%

Hispanic or Latino Citizens This indicator reports the citizenship status of the Hispanic or Latino population within the report area. Report Area

Native Born

Report Location

Native Born

Foreign Born

Foreign Born

3,051

3.57%

496

0.58%

708

1.75%

196

0.48%

2,343

5.19%

300

0.66%

Pennsylvania

704,039

5.50%

201,117

1.57%

United States

38,019,443

11.77%

19,498,492

6.04%

Snyder County, PA Union County, PA

Hispanic or Latino Citizens Report Location Foreign Born: 14.0%

Native Born: 86.0%

Hispanic or Latino Non‐Citizens This indicator reports the citizenship status of the Non‐Hispanic or Latino population within the report area. Report Area

Foreign Citizen

Foreign Citizen

Foreign Non‐Citizen

Foreign Non‐Citizen

Report Location

186

0.22%

310

0.36%

Snyder County, PA

122

0.30%

74

0.18%

Union County, PA

64

0.14%

236

0.52%

Pennsylvania

77,627

0.61%

123,490

0.97%

United States

7,044,668

2.18%

12,453,824

3.86%

Page 11 / 45


Hispanic or Latino Non-Citizens Report Location

Foreign Citizen: 37.5%

Foreign Non-Citizen: 62.5%

Population in Limited English Households This indicator reports the percentage of the population aged 5 and older living in Limited English speaking households. A “Limited English speaking household” is one in which no member 14 years old and over 985 speaks only English at home or 1.21% speaks a language other than English at home and speaks English “Very well.” This indicator is significant as it identifies households and populations that may need English‐language assistance.

Report Area

Total Population Age

Linguistically Isolated

Linguistically Isolated Population,

5+

Population

Percent

Report Location

81,350

985

1.21%

Snyder County, PA

38,340

628

1.64%

Union County, PA

43,010

357

0.83%

Pennsylvania

12,081,931

282,812

2.34%

United States

303,066,180

13,181,780

4.35%

Linguistically Isolated Population, Percent

0%

15%

Report Location (1.21%) Pennsylvania (2.34%) United States (4.35%)

Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014‐18. Source geography: Tract

Population in Linguistically Isolated Households, Percent by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 3.0% 1.1 ‐ 3.0% 0.1 ‐ 1.1% No Population in Linguistically Isolated Households No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location

 View larger map

Urban and Rural Population This indicator reports the percentage of population living in urban and rural areas. Urban areas are identified using population density, count, and size thresholds. Urban areas also include territory with a high degree of impervious surface (development). Rural areas are all areas that are not urban. Of the report areas 84,649 population, 38,876 or 45.93% of the population is classified urban while 45,773 or 54.07% is rural.

Page 12 / 45


Report Area

Total Population

Urban Population

Rural Population

Urban Population, Percent

Rural Population, Percent

Report Location

84,649

38,876

45,773

45.93%

54.07%

Snyder County, PA

39,702

13,173

26,529

33.18%

66.82%

Union County, PA

44,947

25,703

19,244

57.19%

42.81%

Pennsylvania

12,702,379

9,991,287

2,711,092

78.66%

21.34%

United States

312,471,327

252,746,527

59,724,800

80.89%

19.11%

Data Source: US Census Bureau, Decennial Census. 2010. Source geography: Tract

Urban Population, Percent by Tract, US Census 2010 100% Urban Population 90.1 ‐ 99.9% 50.1 ‐ 90.0% Under 50.1% No Urban Population No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location

 View larger map

Rural Population, Total by Age Group This indicator reports the total rural population of the report area by age group. Report Area

Population Under Age 18

Report Location

Population Age 18‐64

Population Age 65 +

11,437

27,686

6,650

Snyder County, PA

6,624

16,030

3,875

Union County, PA

4,813

11,656

2,775

Pennsylvania

599,639

1,670,861

440,592

United States

13,907,394

36,734,957

9,082,449

Rural Population, Total by Age Group Report Location Population Age 65 +: 14.5% Population Under Age 18: 25.0%

Population Age 18-64: 60.5%

Rural Population, Percent by Age Group

Page 13 / 45


Report Area

Population Under Age 18

Population Age 18�64

Population Age 65 +

Report Location

66.48%

50.66%

51.96%

Snyder County, PA

74.48%

64.99%

63.07%

Union County, PA

57.92%

38.88%

41.70%

Pennsylvania

21.48%

21.01%

22.49%

United States

18.52%

18.69%

22.26%

Rural Population, Percent by Age Group 80

%

60

40

20

0 Population Under Age 18

Population Age 18-64

Report Location

Pennsylvania

Population Age 65 +

United States

Rural Population, Total by Race Alone This indicator reports the total rural population of the report area by race alone. Report Area

White

Black or African

Native American or Alaska

American

Native

Asian

Native Hawaiian or Pacific

Some Other

Multiple

Islander

Race

Race

Report Location

44,810

306

40

145

12

102

358

Snyder County, PA

26,059

145

19

66

4

51

185

Union County, PA

18,751

161

21

79

8

51

173

Pennsylvania

2,629,898

27,880

3,796

12,615

567

12,555

23,781

United States

52,457,879

3,533,008

1,043,048 399,200

40,683

Rural Population, Total by Race Alone Report Location Multiple Race: 0.8% Asian: 0.3% Black or African American: 0.7%

White: 97.9%

Rural Population, Percent by Race Alone Page 14 / 45

1,242,870 1,008,112


This indicator reports the percentage of rural population in the report area by race alone. Report Area

White

Report Location

Black or African

Native American or Alaska

American

Native

Asian

Native Hawaiian or Pacific

Some Other

Multiple

Islander

Race

Race

57.53%

8.16%

18.87% 19.70%

40.00%

10.30%

34.46%

Snyder County, 67.73% PA

33.88%

35.85% 30.84%

66.67%

25.76%

56.57%

Union County, PA

47.57%

4.84%

13.21% 15.13%

33.33%

6.44%

24.30%

Pennsylvania

25.27%

2.02%

14.14%

3.61%

15.52%

4.17%

10.00%

United States

23.17%

8.97%

35.33%

2.72%

7.53%

6.41%

11.04%

Rural Population, Percent by Race Alone 80

%

60

40

20

0 White

Black or African American

Native American or Alaska Native

Asian

Report Location

Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander

Pennsylvania

Some Other Race

Multiple Race

United States

Poverty Poverty 2018 poverty estimates show a total of 8,627 persons living below the poverty level in the report area. Poverty information is at 100% of the federal poverty income guidelines. Union County, PA had the highest poverty rate (12.6%), while Snyder County, PA had the lowest poverty rate (10.7%).

Report Area

All Ages

All Ages

No of Persons Poverty Rate

Age 0‐17

Age 0‐17

Age 5‐17

Age 5‐17

No of Persons

Poverty Rate

No of Persons

Poverty Rate

Report Location

8,627

10.08%

2,297

13.82%

1,570

12.67%

Snyder County, PA

4,052

10.7%

1,253

15.1%

848

13.8%

Union County, PA

4,575

12.6%

1,044

13.1%

722

12.2%

Pennsylvania

1,517,936

12.2%

433,329

16.7%

302,127

15.9%

United States

41,852,315

12.96%

12,997,532

17.67%

8,930,152

16.62%

Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, Small Area Income & Poverty Estimates. 2018. Source geography: County

Page 15 / 45

All Ages Poverty Rate

0%

50%

Report Location (10.08%) Pennsylvania (12.2%) United States (12.96%)


Population Below the Poverty Level, Percent by County, SAIPE 2018 Under 12% 12.01% ‐ 16% 16.01% ‐ 22% 22.01% ‐ 30% Over 30% Report Location  View larger map

Poverty 15

%

10

5

0 Poverty Rate

Report Location

Pennsylvania

United States

Poverty Rate (ACS) The table below shows the total population estimates for all persons in poverty for the report area. According to the American Community Survey 5 year averages, an average of 10.94% of all persons lived in a state of poverty during the 2018 calendar year. The poverty rate for all persons living in the report area is less than the Pennsylvania average of 12.75%. Union County, PA had the highest poverty rate (11.29%), while Snyder County, PA had the lowest poverty rate (10.61%). Population in Poverty, Percent

Report Area

Total Population

Population in Poverty

Population in Poverty, Percent

Report Location

74,084

8,105

10.94%

Snyder County, PA

38,139

4,046

10.61%

Union County, PA

35,945

4,059

11.29%

Pennsylvania

12,380,149

1,578,949

12.75%

United States

314,943,184

44,257,979

14.05%

0%

25%

Report Location (10.94%) Pennsylvania (12.75%) United States (14.05%)

Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014‐18. Source geography: Tract

Population Below the Poverty Level, Percent by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 20.0% 15.1 ‐ 20.0% 10.1 ‐ 15.0% Under 10.1% No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location  View larger map

Population in Poverty by Gender Page 16 / 45


This indicator reports the population in poverty in the report area by gender. Report Area

Male

Female

Male, Percent

Female, Percent

Report Location

3,538

4,567

9.69%

12.16%

Snyder County, PA

1,737

2,309

9.16%

12.04%

Union County, PA

1,801

2,258

10.26%

12.28%

Pennsylvania

699,113

879,836

11.59%

13.86%

United States

19,737,150

24,520,829

12.80%

15.26%

Population in Poverty by Gender 20

%

15

10

5

0 Male, Percent

Female, Percent

Report Location

Pennsylvania

United States

Population in Poverty by Ethnicity Alone This indicator reports the population in poverty in the report area by ethnicity alone. Report Area Report Location

Hispanic or Latino

Not Hispanic or Latino

Hispanic or Latino, Percent

Not Hispanic or Latino, Percent

1,053

7,052

48.50%

9.81%

Snyder County, PA

154

3,892

19.42%

10.42%

Union County, PA

899

3,160

65.24%

9.14%

Pennsylvania

255,905

1,323,044

29.35%

11.50%

United States

11,849,315

32,408,664

21.02%

12.53%

Population in Poverty by Ethnicity Alone 60

%

40

20

0 Hispanic / Latino

Not Hispanic / Latino

Report Location

Pennsylvania

United States

Population in Poverty Race Alone, Percent This indicator reports the percentage of population in poverty in the report area by race alone. Page 17 / 45


Report Area Report Location

White

Black or African

Native American or Alaska

American

Native

Asian

10.00%

37.81%

17.74%

Snyder County, 10.40% PA

32.79%

0.00%

Union County, PA

9.57%

41.21%

22.00%

3.34%

Pennsylvania

9.97%

26.89%

United States

11.64%

24.19%

Native Hawaiian or Pacific

Some Other

Multiple

Islander

Race

Race

2.11%

0.00%

65.39%

27.39%

31.35%

12.92%

0.00%

75.92%

40.05%

26.57% 14.34%

21.90%

32.48%

23.25%

25.84% 11.55%

18.29%

22.58%

17.51%

0.00% No data

Population in Poverty Race Alone, Percent 75

%

50

25

0 White

Black or African American

Native American or Alaska Native

Report Location

Asian

Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander

Pennsylvania

Some Other Race

Multiple Race

United States

Population in Poverty by Race Alone, Total This indicator reports the total population in poverty in the report area by race alone. Report Area

Non�Hispanic

Black or African

Native American or

White

American

Alaska Native

Asian

Native Hawaiian or

Some Other

Multiple

Pacific Islander

Race

Race

Report Location

7,130

231

11

12

0

512

209

Snyder County, PA

3,861

81

0

0

0

58

46

Union County, PA

3,269

150

11

12

0

454

163

Pennsylvania

1,001,718

360,801

6,221

59,228

858

81,055

69,068

United States

26,730,734

9,490,587

673,665 1,989,768

103,304

Page 18 / 45

3,497,625 1,772,296


Population in Poverty by Race Alone, Total Report Location Multiple Race: 2.6% Some Other Race: 6.3% Asian: 0.1% Black or African American: 2.9%

White: 88.0%

Poverty Rate 185% (ACS) In the report area 26.41% or 19,565 individuals are living in households with income below 185% of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL). This indicator is relevant because poverty creates barriers to access including health services, healthy food, and other necessities that contribute to poor health status.

Report Area

Total

Population with Income at or Below

Percent Population with Income at or Below

Population

185% FPL

185% FPL

Report Location

74,084

19,565

26.41%

Snyder County, PA

38,139

10,433

27.36%

Union County, PA

35,945

9,132

25.41%

Pennsylvania

12,380,149

3,279,938

26.49%

United States

314,943,184

92,202,319

29.28%

Percent Population with Income at or Below 185% FPL

0%

100%

Report Location (26.41%) Pennsylvania (26.49%) United States (29.28%)

Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014‐18. Source geography: Tract

Population Below 185% Poverty Level, Percent by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 43.0% 35.1 ‐ 43.0% 27.1 ‐ 35.0% Under 27.1% No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location  View larger map

Poverty Rate 125% (ACS) In the report area 15.07% or 11,164 individuals are living in households with income below 125% of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL). This indicator is relevant because poverty creates barriers to access including health services, healthy food, and other necessities that contribute to poor health status.

Page 19 / 45


Report Area

Population, Total Population with Income at or Below 125% FPL

Population with Income at or Below 125% FPL, Percent

Report Location

74,084

11,164

15.07%

Snyder County, PA

38,139

5,904

15.48%

Union County, PA

35,945

5,260

14.63%

Pennsylvania

12,380,149

2,066,941

16.70%

United States

314,943,184

58,418,702

18.55%

Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014‐2018. Source geography: Tract

Family Poverty Rate 125% (ACS) In the report area 10.76% or 2,184 family households are living with income below 125% of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL). Report Area

Family Households, Total Families with Income at or Below 125% FPL Families with Income at or Below 125% FPL, Percent

Report Location

20,303

2,184

10.76%

Snyder County, PA

10,539

1,194

11.33%

Union County, PA

9,764

990

10.14%

Pennsylvania

3,232,070

377,610

11.68%

United States

78,697,103

10,803,905

13.73%

Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey.

Poverty Rate 50% (ACS) In the report area 4.82% or 3,574 individuals are living in households with income below 50% of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL). This indicator is relevant because poverty creates barriers to access including health services, healthy food, and other necessities that contribute to poor health status.

Report Area

Total

Population with Income at or Below

Percent Population with Income at or Below

Population

50% FPL

50% FPL

Report Location

74,084

3,574

4.82%

Snyder County, PA

38,139

1,636

4.29%

Union County, PA

35,945

1,938

5.39%

Pennsylvania

12,380,149

715,672

5.78%

United States

314,943,184

19,682,659

6.25%

Percent Population with Income at or Below 50% FPL

0%

20%

Report Location (4.82%) Pennsylvania (5.78%) United States (6.25%)

Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014‐18. Source geography: Tract

Population Below 50% Poverty Level, Percent by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 9.0% 6.1 ‐ 9.0% 3.1 ‐ 6.0% Under 3.1% No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location  View larger map

Page 20 / 45


Households in Poverty The table below shows the number and percentage of households in poverty based on the Poverty Thresholds in the report area. In 2018, it is estimated that there were 3,076 households, or 10.44%, living in poverty within the report area, compared to a Pennsylvania average of 12.3%. Union County, PA had the highest poverty rate (11.0%), while Snyder County, PA had the lowest poverty rate (9.9%).

Report Area

Total Households

Households

Percent Households

in Poverty

in Poverty

Percent Households in Poverty

Report Location

29,455

3,076

10.44%

Snyder County, PA

14,716

1,452

9.9%

Union County, PA

14,739

1,624

11.0%

Pennsylvania

5,025,132

620,019

12.3%

United States

119,730,128

16,027,481

13.4%

0%

50%

Report Location (10.44%) Pennsylvania (12.3%) United States (13.4%)

Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014‐18. Source geography: County

Households Living Below the Poverty Level, Percent by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 20.0% 15.1 ‐ 20.0% 10.1 ‐ 15.0% Under 10.1% No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location

 View larger map

Households in Poverty 15

%

10

5

0 Percent Households in Poverty

Report Location

Pennsylvania

United States

Households in Poverty by Family Type The below table shows the number of households in poverty by type in the report area. In this area, there are 680 married couples living in poverty, compared to 827 female headed households in poverty. In 2018, it is estimated that there were 3,076 households, family and non‐family, living in poverty within the report area. At 363 households, Snyder County, PA had the lowest number of female‐headed households in poverty while Union County, PA had the largest number of female‐headed households in poverty with 464.

Page 21 / 45


Report Area

Total

Households

Non‐Family Households in Poverty ‐

Households

in Poverty

Including Persons Living Alone

Married

Male Head of

Couples in

Household in

Poverty

Poverty

Female Head of Household in Poverty

Report Location

20,303

3,076

1,484

680

85

827

Snyder County, PA

10,539

1,452

640

399

50

363

Union County, PA

9,764

1,624

844

281

35

464

3,232,070

620,019

339,831

91,007

31,991

157,190

78,697,103

16,027,481

8,096,782

2,907,148

843,489

4,180,062

Pennsylvania United States

Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014‐18. Source geography: County

Married Family Households Living Below the Poverty Level, Percent by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 9.0% 6.1 ‐ 9.0% 3.1 ‐ 6.0% Under 3.1% No Married Families Reported No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location

 View larger map

Households in Poverty by Family Type Report Location

Female Householder: 26.9%

Non-Family Households: 48.2%

Male Householder: 2.8%

Married Couples: 22.1%

Household Poverty Rate by Family Type The table below shows percentage of households in poverty by household type in the report area. In 2018, it is estimated that 5.4% of households in poverty were family type, while 5.04% were non‐family. At 9.87%, Snyder County, PA had the lowest percentage of households in poverty while Union County, PA had the largest percent with 11.02%.

Page 22 / 45


Household in Poverty Percent

Report Area

Total

Households

Households

in Poverty

Household

Family

Family

in Poverty Households Percent

in Poverty

Household in Poverty Percent

Non‐Family

Non‐Family

Households

Household in

in Poverty

Poverty Percent 0%

Report Location

29,455

3,076

10.44%

1,592

5.40%

1,484

5.04%

Snyder County, PA

14,716

1,452

9.87%

812

5.52%

640

4.35%

Union County, PA

14,739

1,624

11.02%

780

5.29%

844

5.73%

5,025,132

620,019

12.34%

280,188

5.58%

339,831

6.76%

119,730,128 16,027,481

13.39%

7,930,699

6.62%

8,096,782

6.76%

Pennsylvania United States

50%

Report Location (10.44%) Pennsylvania (12.34%) United States (13.39%)

Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014‐18. Source geography: County

Family Households Living Below the Poverty Level, Percent by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 15.0% 11.1 ‐ 15.0% 7.1 ‐ 11.0% Under 7.1% No Family Households Reported No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location

 View larger map

Household Poverty Rate by Family Type Report Location

Non-Family Households: 48.2% Family Households: 51.8%

Poverty Rate Change Poverty rate change in the report area from 2000 to 2018 is shown below. According to the U.S. Census, the poverty rate for the area increased by 1.89%, compared to a national increase of 1.8%. Union County, PA experienced the greatest change in poverty, increasing by 2.4% from 2000‐2018 and Snyder County, PA experienced the least amount of change, increasing by 1.4%.

Page 23 / 45


Report Area

Persons in Poverty Poverty Rate Persons in Poverty Poverty Rate Change in Poverty Rate 2000

2000

2018

2018

Change in Poverty Rate 2000-2018

2000‐2018

Report Location

6,707

9.74%

8,627

11.63%

1.89%

Snyder County, PA

3,300

9.3%

4,052

10.7%

1.4%

Union County, PA

3,407

10.2%

4,575

12.6%

2.4%

Pennsylvania

1,135,928

9.5%

1,517,936

12.2%

2.7%

United States

31,581,086

11.3%

41,852,315

13.1%

1.8%

0%

50%

Report Location (1.89%) Pennsylvania (2.7%) United States (1.8%)

Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, Small Area Income & Poverty Estimates. 2018. Source geography: county

Population Below the Poverty Level, Percent by County, SAIPE 2018 Under 12% 12.01% ‐ 16% 16.01% ‐ 22% 22.01% ‐ 30% Over 30% Report Location  View larger map

Poverty Rate Change 3

%

2

1

0 Poverty Rate Change

Report Location

Pennsylvania

United States

Child (0‐17) Poverty Rate Change Poverty rate change for children ages 0 ‐ 17 in the report area from 2009 to 2018 is shown below. According to the U.S. Census, the poverty rate for the area was 14.1% in 2018 and was 18.1% in 2009.

Report Area

Poverty

Poverty

Poverty

Poverty

Poverty

Poverty

Poverty

Poverty

Poverty

Poverty

Age 0‐17

Age 0‐17

Age 0‐17

Age 0‐17

Age 0‐17

Age 0‐17

Age 0‐17

Age 0‐17

Age 0‐17

Age 0‐17

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Report Location

18.1%

17.3%

17.8%

18.1%

17.8%

17.7%

15.9%

16.8%

15.0%

14.1%

Snyder County, PA

21.6%

18.3%

18.9%

19.8%

19.2%

20.3%

18%

19.8%

16.2%

15.1%

Union County, PA

14.3%

16.2%

16.7%

16.3%

16.4%

14.9%

13.6%

13.5%

13.6%

13.1%

Pennsylvania

17.1%

18.9%

19.4%

19.6%

19.2%

19.2%

19.1%

18.4%

16.9%

16.7%

United States

20%

21.6%

22.5%

22.6%

22.2%

21.7%

20.7%

19.5%

18.4%

18%

Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, Small Area Income & Poverty Estimates. 2018. Source geography: county

Page 24 / 45


Population Below the Poverty Level, Children (Age 0‐18), Percent by County, SAIPE 2018 Under 14% 14.1% ‐ 18% 18.1% ‐ 22% 22.1% ‐ 30% Over 30% Report Location

 View larger map

Child (0-17) Poverty Rate Change 25

22.5

%

20

17.5

15

12.5 2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Report Location

2014

Pennsylvania

2015

2016

2017

2018

United States

Child (0‐17) Poverty Rate (ACS) Population and poverty estimates for children age 0‐17 are shown for the report area. According to the American Community Survey (ACS) 5 year data, an average of 15.8% of children lived in a state of poverty during the survey calendar year. The poverty rate for children living in the report area is less than the national average of 19.5%. Union County, PA had the lowest poverty rate at 13.6% while Snyder County, PA had the highest child poverty rate at 17.8%. Ages 0-17 Poverty Rate

Report Area Report Location

Ages 0‐17

Ages 0‐17

Ages 0‐17

Total Population

In Poverty

Poverty Rate

16,379

2,581

15.8%

Snyder County, PA

8,435

1,498

17.8%

Union County, PA

7,944

1,083

13.6%

Pennsylvania

2,628,648

475,463

18.1%

United States

72,382,641

14,117,014

19.5%

0%

50%

Report Location (15.8%) Pennsylvania (18.1%) United States (19.5%)

Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014‐18. Source geography: County

Population Below the Poverty Level, Children (Age 0‐17), Percent by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 30.0% 22.6 ‐ 30.0% 15.1 ‐ 22.5% Under 15.1% No Population Age 0‐17 Reported No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location

 View larger map

Page 25 / 45


Child (0-17) Poverty Rate (ACS) 25

20

%

15

10

5

0 Ages 0-17 Poverty Rate

Report Location

Pennsylvania

United States

Children in Poverty by Gender: Age 0 � 17 Report Area

Total Male

Report Location

Total Female

Percent Male

Percent Female

1,306

1,275

15.54%

15.98%

Snyder County, PA

751

747

17.33%

18.22%

Union County, PA

555

528

13.64%

13.62%

Pennsylvania

241,741

233,722

17.99%

18.19%

United States

7,173,125

6,943,889

19.41%

19.60%

Children in Poverty by Gender: Age 0 - 17 25

20

%

15

10

5

0 Percent Male

Percent Female

Report Location

Pennsylvania

United States

Children in Poverty by Ethnicity Alone: Age 0 � 17 Report Area Report Location

Total Hispanic / Latino

Total Not Hispanic / Latino

Percent Hispanic / Latino

Percent Not Hispanic or Latino

404

2,177

57.96%

13.88%

Snyder County, PA

96

1,402

34.66%

17.19%

Union County, PA

308

775

73.33%

10.30%

Pennsylvania

114,048

361,415

37.23%

15.56%

United States

5,127,592

8,989,422

28.36%

16.55%

Page 26 / 45


Children in Poverty by Ethnicity Alone: Age 0 - 17 80

%

60

40

20

0 Percent Hispanic / Latino

Percent Not Hispanic or Latino

Report Location

Pennsylvania

United States

Children in Poverty by Race Alone, Percent: Age 0 ‐ 17 Report Area

Non‐Hispanic

Black or African

Native American / Alaska

White

American

Native

Asian

Report Location

13.56%

52.34%

Snyder County, PA

16.60%

87.10% No data

Union County, PA

10.16%

38.16%

Pennsylvania

11.20%

36.74%

28.77% 13.68%

United States

11.69%

34.79%

33.21% 11.29%

0.00%

0.00%

Native Hawaiian / Pacific

Some Other

Multiple

Islander

Race

Race

0.00% No data

62.03%

20.61%

0.00% No data

75.86%

19.25%

0.00% No data

58.91%

22.60%

50.87%

42.43%

25.87%

24.79%

31.16%

19.64%

Children in Poverty by Race Alone, Percent: Age 0 - 17 80

%

60

40

20

0 Non-Hispanic White

Black or African American

Native American / Alaska Native

Asian

Report Location

Pennsylvania

Children in Poverty by Race Alone, Total: Age 0 ‐ 17

Page 27 / 45

Native Hawaiian / Pacific Islander

United States

Some Other Race

Multiple Race


Report Area

Non‐Hispanic

Black or African

Native American / Alaska

White

American

Native

Native Hawaiian / Pacific Some Other

Asian

Islander

Race

Multiple Race

Report Location

2,027

112

0

0

0

98

74

Snyder County, PA

1,310

54

0

0

0

22

41

717

58

0

0

0

76

33

Pennsylvania

198,623

130,602

1,625

12,583

292

32,995

39,351

United States

4,306,236

3,522,808

236,154 392,859

35,459

1,442,736

926,442

Union County, PA

Children in Poverty by Race Alone, Total: Age 0 - 17 Report Location Multiple Race: 3.2% Some Other Race: 4.2% Native American / Alaska Native: 0.0% Black or African American: 4.8%

Non-Hispanic White: 87.7%

Child (0‐4) Poverty Rate (ACS) Population and poverty estimates for children age 0‐4 are shown for the report area. According to the American Community Survey (ACS) 5 year data, an average of 20.2% of children lived in a state of poverty during the survey calendar year. The poverty rate for children living in the report area is less than the national average of 21.5%. Union County, PA had the lowest poverty rate at 17.5% while Snyder County, PA had the highest child poverty rate at 22.8%. Ages 0-4 Poverty Rate

Report Area

Ages 0‐4

Ages 0‐4

Ages 0‐4

Total Population

In Poverty

Poverty Rate

Report Location

4,183

844

20.2%

Snyder County, PA

2,108

481

22.8%

Union County, PA

2,075

363

17.5%

Pennsylvania

698,046

140,382

20.1%

United States

19,514,070

4,193,998

21.5%

0%

50%

Report Location (20.2%) Pennsylvania (20.1%) United States (21.5%)

Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014‐18. Source geography: County

Population Below the Poverty Level, Children (Age 0‐4), Percent by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 37.0% 27.1 ‐ 37.0% 17.1 ‐ 27.0% Under 17.1% No Population Age 0‐4 Reported No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location

 View larger map

Page 28 / 45


Child (0-4) Poverty Rate (ACS) 30

%

20

10

0 Ages 0-4 Poverty Rate

Report Location

Pennsylvania

United States

Children in Poverty by Gender: Age 0 � 4 Report Area

Total Male

Total Female

Percent Male

Percent Female

Report Location

487

357

22.33%

17.83%

Snyder County, PA

244

237

21.90%

23.84%

Union County, PA

243

120

22.77%

11.90%

Pennsylvania

71,398

68,984

20.00%

20.23%

United States

2,133,564

2,060,434

21.38%

21.61%

Children in Poverty by Gender: Age 0 - 4 30

%

20

10

0 Percent Male

Percent Female

Report Location

Pennsylvania

United States

Children in Poverty by Ethnicity Alone: Age 0 � 4 Report Area Report Location

Total Hispanic / Latino

Total Not Hispanic / Latino

Percent Hispanic / Latino

Percent Not Hispanic or Latino

99

745

50.00%

18.70%

Snyder County, PA

7

474

9.09%

23.34%

Union County, PA

92

271

76.03%

13.87%

Pennsylvania

36,023

104,359

39.76%

17.18%

United States

1,520,861

2,673,137

30.05%

18.50%

Page 29 / 45


Children in Poverty by Ethnicity Alone: Age 0 - 4 60

%

40

20

0 Percent Hispanic / Latino

Percent Not Hispanic or Latino

Report Location

Pennsylvania

United States

Children in Poverty by Race Alone, Percent: Age 0 ‐ 4 Report Area

Non‐Hispanic

Black or African

Native American / Alaska

White

American

Native

Asian

Report Location

19.00%

31.40% No data

Snyder County, PA

23.47%

100.00% No data

Union County, PA

13.95%

28.92% No data

Pennsylvania

12.46%

38.64%

33.45% 12.95%

United States

13.07%

39.04%

38.14% 11.15%

Native Hawaiian / Pacific

Some Other

Multiple

Islander

Race

Race

0.00% No data No data

0.00%

No data

No data

0.00% No data

23.35% 10.17%

0.00%

30.56%

45.65%

46.25%

28.50%

27.60%

32.85%

21.16%

Children in Poverty by Race Alone, Percent: Age 0 - 4 60

%

40

20

0 Non-Hispanic White

Black or African American

Native American / Alaska Native

Asian

Report Location

Pennsylvania

Children in Poverty by Race Alone, Total: Age 0 ‐ 4

Page 30 / 45

Native Hawaiian / Pacific Islander

United States

Some Other Race

Multiple Race


Report Area

Non‐Hispanic

Black or African

Native American / Alaska

White

American

Native

Native Hawaiian / Pacific Some Other

Asian

Islander

Multiple

Race

Race

Report Location

715

27

0

0

0

0

39

Snyder County, PA

468

3

0

0

0

0

6

Union County, PA

247

24

0

0

0

0

33

Pennsylvania

56,591

37,452

492

3,085

63

10,148

14,106

United States

1,262,843

1,057,191

70,441 102,722

10,666

411,000

317,697

Children in Poverty by Race Alone, Total: Age 0 - 4 Report Location Multiple Race: 5.0% Native American / Alaska Native: 0.0% Asian: 0.0% Black or African American: 3.5%

Non-Hispanic White: 91.5%

Child (5‐17) Poverty Rate Change Poverty rate change for children ages 5 ‐ 17 in the report area from 2009 to 2018 is shown below. According to the U.S. Census, the poverty rate for the area was 13.0% in 2018 and was 16.8% in 2009.

Report Area

Poverty

Poverty

Poverty

Poverty

Poverty

Poverty

Poverty

Poverty

Poverty

Poverty

Age 5‐17

Age 5‐17

Age 5‐17

Age 5‐17

Age 5‐17

Age 5‐17

Age 5‐17

Age 5‐17

Age 5‐17

Age 5‐17

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

Report Location

16.8%

16.3%

16.1%

17.0%

16.1%

16.0%

14.8%

14.7%

13.7%

13.0%

Snyder County, PA

20.1%

17.5%

17.5%

18.6%

17.4%

18.4%

17%

17.5%

15.1%

13.8%

Union County, PA

13.2%

15.1%

14.6%

15.4%

14.8%

13.5%

12.5%

11.8%

12.3%

12.2%

Pennsylvania

15.4%

17.5%

17.7%

17.9%

17.5%

17.8%

17.9%

17.2%

15.7%

15.9%

United States

18.2%

19.8%

20.8%

21%

20.8%

20.4%

19.5%

18.3%

17.3%

17%

Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, Small Area Income & Poverty Estimates. 2018. Source geography: county

Population Below the Poverty Level, Children (Age 5‐17), Percent by County, SAIPE 2018 Under 12% 12.1% ‐ 17% 17.1% ‐ 22% 22.1% ‐ 27% Over 27% Report Location

 View larger map

Page 31 / 45


Child (5-17) Poverty Rate Change 22.5

%

20

17.5

15

12.5 2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

Report Location

2014

Pennsylvania

2015

2016

2017

2018

United States

Child (5‐17) Poverty Rate (ACS) Population and poverty estimates for children age 5‐17 are shown for the report area. According to the American Community Survey (ACS) 5 year data, an average of 14.2% of children lived in a state of poverty during the survey calendar year. The poverty rate for children living in the report area is less than the national average of 18.8%. Union County, PA had the lowest poverty rate at 12.3% while Snyder County, PA had the highest child poverty rate at 16.1%. Ages 5-17 Poverty Rate

Report Area

Ages 5‐17

Ages 5‐17

Ages 5‐17

Total Population

In Poverty

Poverty Rate

Report Location

12,196

1,737

14.2%

Snyder County, PA

6,327

1,017

16.1%

Union County, PA

5,869

720

12.3%

Pennsylvania

1,930,602

335,081

17.4%

United States

52,868,571

9,923,016

18.8%

0%

50%

Report Location (14.2%) Pennsylvania (17.4%) United States (18.8%)

Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014‐18. Source geography: County

Population Below the Poverty Level, Children (Age 5‐17), Percent by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 29.0% 21.1 ‐ 29.0% 13.1 ‐ 21.0% Under 13.1% No Population Age 5‐17 Reported No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location

 View larger map

Page 32 / 45


Child (5-17) Poverty Rate (ACS) 20

%

15

10

5

0 Ages 5-17 Poverty Rate

Report Location

Pennsylvania

United States

Children in Poverty by Gender: Age 5 � 17 Report Area

Total Male

Total Female

Percent Male

Percent Female

Report Location

819

918

13.17%

15.36%

Snyder County, PA

507

510

15.75%

16.41%

Union County, PA

312

408

10.40%

14.23%

Pennsylvania

170,343

164,738

17.26%

17.45%

United States

5,039,561

4,883,455

18.68%

18.86%

Children in Poverty by Gender: Age 5 - 17 20

%

15

10

5

0 Percent Male

Percent Female

Report Location

Pennsylvania

United States

Children in Poverty by Ethnicity Alone: Age 5 � 17 Report Area Report Location

Total Hispanic / Latino

Total Not Hispanic / Latino

Percent Hispanic / Latino

Percent Not Hispanic or Latino

305

1,432

61.12%

12.24%

Snyder County, PA

89

928

44.50%

15.15%

Union County, PA

216

504

72.24%

9.05%

Pennsylvania

78,025

257,056

36.17%

14.99%

United States

3,606,731

6,316,285

27.71%

15.85%

Page 33 / 45


Children in Poverty by Ethnicity Alone: Age 5 - 17 80

%

60

40

20

0 Percent Hispanic / Latino

Percent Not Hispanic or Latino

Report Location

Pennsylvania

United States

Children in Poverty by Race Alone, Percent: Age 5 ‐ 17 Report Area

Non‐Hispanic

Black or African

Native American / Alaska

White

American

Native

Report Location

11.73%

66.41%

Snyder County, PA

14.27%

86.44% No data

0.00%

Asian

Native Hawaiian / Pacific

Some Other

Multiple

Islander

Race

Race

0.00% No data

70.00%

18.23%

0.00% No data

75.86%

22.73%

0.00% No data

68.47%

0.00%

Union County, PA

8.88%

49.28%

Pennsylvania

10.76%

36.03%

27.12% 13.94%

52.52%

40.93%

24.60%

United States

11.19%

33.24%

31.47% 11.35%

23.75%

30.53%

18.93%

0.00%

Children in Poverty by Race Alone, Percent: Age 5 - 17 75

%

50

25

0 Non-Hispanic White

Black or African American

Native American / Alaska Native

Asian

Report Location

Pennsylvania

Children in Poverty by Race Alone, Total: Age 5 ‐ 17

Page 34 / 45

Native Hawaiian / Pacific Islander

United States

Some Other Race

Multiple Race


Report Area

Non�Hispanic

Black or African

Native American / Alaska

White

American

Native

Report Location

Native Hawaiian / Pacific Some Other

Asian

Islander

Race

Multiple Race

1,312

85

0

0

0

98

35

Snyder County, PA

842

51

0

0

0

22

35

Union County, PA

470

34

0

0

0

76

0

Pennsylvania

142,032

93,150

1,133

9,498

229

22,847

25,245

United States

3,043,393

2,465,617

165,713 290,137

24,793

1,031,736

608,745

Children in Poverty by Race Alone, Total: Age 5 - 17 Report Location Multiple Race: 2.3% Some Other Race: 6.4% Native American / Alaska Native: 0.0% Black or African American: 5.6%

Non-Hispanic White: 85.8%

Children in Poverty (<200% FPL) In the report area 42.86% or 7,020 children are living in households with income below 200% of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL). This indicator is relevant because poverty creates barriers to access including health services, healthy food, and other necessities that contribute to poor health status. Percent Population Under Age 18 at or Below 200% FPL

Total Report Area

Population

Population Under Age 18 at or Below

Percent Population Under Age 18 at or

Under Age

200% FPL

Below 200% FPL

18 Report Location

0%

16,379

7,020

42.86%

Snyder County, PA

8,435

3,885

46.06%

Union County, PA

7,944

3,135

39.46%

Pennsylvania

2,628,648

990,658

37.69%

United States

72,382,641

29,845,052

41.23%

Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014�18. Source geography: Tract

Page 35 / 45

100%

Report Location (42.86%) Pennsylvania (37.69%) United States (41.23%)


Population Below 200% Poverty Level, Children (Age 0‐17), Percent by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 56.0% 47.1 ‐ 56.0% 38.1 ‐ 47.0% Under 38.1% No Population Age 0‐17 Reported No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location

 View larger map

Number of Households Eligible for County Assistance Funding The table below shows the average monthly unduplicated number of persons eligible for medical assistance for the fiscal year 2016‐2017. According to the Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare for the area shown, there was a total of 3,163 persons eligible, or 10.8%, for medical assistance. This is compared to Pennsylvania's 20.32%. The highest number of persons eligible for TANF occurs in Union County, PA with 0.33%, while the lowest number occurs in Snyder County, PA with 0.23%. Report Area

Total

Households Eligible for County

Eligible for

Percent Eligible for

Eligible for

Percent Eligible for

Households

Assistance Funding

TANF

TANF

SNAP

SNAP

Report Location

29,278

3,163

82

0.28%

3,081

10.52%

Snyder County, PA

14,576

1,607

33

0.23%

1,574

10.80%

Union County, PA

14,702

1,556

49

0.33%

1,507

10.25%

5,007,442

1,017,722

59,349

1.19%

958,373

19.14%

Pennsylvania

Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. Pennsylvaina Department of Public Welfare. Source geography: County

Number of Households Eligible for County Assistance Funding 25

20

%

15

10

5

0 Percent Eligible for TANF

Percent Eligible for SNAP

Report Location

Pennsylvania

Seniors in Poverty (ACS) Population and poverty estimates for persons age 65 and up are shown for the report area. According to the American Community Survey (ACS) 5 year data, an average of 9.2% of people lived in a state of poverty during the survey calendar year. The poverty rate for people living in the report area is less than the national average of 9.3%. Union County, PA had the lowest poverty rate at 8.5% while Snyder County, PA had the highest senior poverty rate at 10.0%.

Page 36 / 45


Ages 65 and Up Poverty Rate

Report Area

Ages 65 and Up

Ages 65 and Up

Ages 65 and Up

Total Population

In Poverty

Poverty Rate

Report Location

14,265

1,315

9.2%

Snyder County, PA

7,045

703

10.0%

Union County, PA

7,220

612

8.5%

Pennsylvania

2,150,556

174,141

8.1%

United States

47,940,937

4,448,892

9.3%

0%

50%

Report Location (9.2%) Pennsylvania (8.1%) United States (9.3%)

Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014‐18. Source geography: county

Population Below the Poverty Level, Senior (Age 65+), Percent by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 17.0% 12.1 ‐ 17.0% 7.1 ‐ 12.0% Under 7.1% No Population Age 65+ Reported No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location

 View larger map

Seniors in Poverty (ACS) 10

%

7.5

5

2.5

0 Ages 65 and Up Poverty Rate

Report Location

Pennsylvania

United States

Poverty by Gender: Age 65 and Up Report Area

Total Male

Total Female

Percent Male

Percent Female

Report Location

309

1,006

4.93%

12.58%

Snyder County, PA

199

504

6.37%

12.85%

Union County, PA

110

502

3.50%

12.32%

Pennsylvania

59,385

114,756

6.30%

9.50%

United States

1,589,822

2,859,070

7.45%

10.74%

Page 37 / 45


Poverty by Gender: Age 65 and Up 15

%

10

5

0 Percent Male

Percent Female

Report Location

Pennsylvania

United States

Poverty by Ethnicity Alone: Age 65 and Up Report Area

Total Hispanic / Latino

Total Not Hispanic / Latino

Percent Hispanic / Latino

Percent Not Hispanic or Latino

Report Location

40

1,275

31.25%

9.02%

Snyder County, PA

12

691

38.71%

9.85%

Union County, PA

28

584

28.87%

8.20%

Pennsylvania

11,369

162,772

24.60%

7.74%

United States

711,533

3,737,359

18.32%

8.48%

Poverty by Ethnicity Alone: Age 65 and Up 40

%

30

20

10

0 Percent Hispanic / Latino

Percent Not Hispanic or Latino

Report Location

Pennsylvania

United States

Poverty by Race Alone, Percent: Age 65 and Up Report Area

Non�Hispanic

Black or African

Native American / Alaska

White

American

Native

Asian

Native Hawaiian / Pacific

Some Other

Multiple

Islander

Race

Race

Report Location

9.12%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00% No data

No data

0.00%

Snyder County, PA

9.90%

0.00%

0.00%

0.00% No data

No data

0.00%

Union County, PA

8.34%

0.00% No data

0.00% No data

No data

0.00%

Pennsylvania

6.82%

17.38%

28.87% 14.03%

15.65%

29.15%

15.26%

United States

7.20%

16.89%

17.55% 12.79%

13.20%

21.13%

13.28%

Page 38 / 45


Poverty by Race Alone, Percent: Age 65 and Up 40

%

30

20

10

0 Non-Hispanic White

Black or African American

Native American / Alaska Native

Report Location

Asian

Native Hawaiian / Pacific Islander

Pennsylvania

Some Other Race

Multiple Race

United States

Poverty by Race Alone, Total: Age 65 and Up Report Area Report Location

Non‐Hispanic

Black or African

Native American / Alaska

White

American

Native

Native Hawaiian / Pacific Some Other

Asian

Islander

Race

Multiple Race

1,275

0

0

0

0

0

0

Snyder County, PA

691

0

0

0

0

0

0

Union County, PA

584

0

0

0

0

0

0

Pennsylvania

129,825

26,195

699

5,512

54

3,302

1,798

United States

2,667,743

723,383

45,719 266,568

6,338

180,553

68,636

Poverty by Race Alone, Total: Age 65 and Up Report Location Black or African American: 0.0% Native American / Alaska Native: 0.0% Asian: 0.0%

Non-Hispanic White: 100.0%

Number of Individuals Eligible for County Assistance Funding The table below shows the average monthly unduplicated number of persons eligible for services from the County Assistance Office for the fiscal year 2016‐2017. Of the report area's total population of 86,033, only 204 are eligible for Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF ‐ Case Assistance), less than 0.24% of the population. The highest number of persons eligible for Medical Assistance occurs in Snyder County, PA with 16.49%, while the lowest number occurs in Union County, PA with 12.62%.

Page 39 / 45


Report Area

Total

Persons Eligible for

Percent of

Receiving

Percent of Population

Population

Medical Assistance

Population Eligible

TANF

Receiving TANF

Eligible for Percent Eligible SNAP

for SNAP

Report Location

86,033

12,422

14.44%

204

0.24%

6,629

7.71%

Snyder County, PA

40,468

6,672

16.49%

80

0.20%

3,386

8.37%

Union County, PA

45,565

5,750

12.62%

124

0.27%

3,243

7.12%

Pennsylvania 25,568,454

5,660,568

22.14%

296,580

1.16% 3,726,341

14.57%

Data Source: Pennsylvaina Department of Public Welfare. Source geography: County

Number of Individuals Eligible for County Assistance Funding 25

20

%

15

10

5

0 Percent of Population Eligible

Percent of Population Receiving TANF

Report Location

Percent Eligible for SNAP

Pennsylvania

Persons Eligible for Medical Assistance The table below shows the average monthly unduplicated number of persons eligible for medical assistance for the fiscal year 2016�2017. According to the Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare for the area shown, there was a total of 12,423 persons eligible, or 14.44%, for medical assistance. This is compared to Pennsylvania's 22.14%. Percent Persons Eligible

Report Area

Total Population

Persons Eligible

Percent Persons Eligible

Report Location

86,033

12,423

14.44%

Snyder County, PA

40,468

6,672

16.49%

Union County, PA

45,565

5,750

12.62%

12,784,227

2,830,300

22.14%

Pennsylvania

0%

50%

Report Location (14.44%) Pennsylvania (22.14%)

Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: Pennsylvaina Department of Public Welfare. Source geography: County

Persons Eligible for Medical Assistance 25

20

%

15

10

5

0 Percent Persons Eligible

Report Location

Pennsylvania

Page 40 / 45


Supplemental Security Income The number of Supplemental Security Income recipients and expenditures in the report area are shown in below. The number of recipients in the area totaled 1,141 receiving $600,000 in payments with an average payment of $525.85 per month. At 535, Union County, PA had the lowest number of recipients, while Snyder County, PA had the greatest number at 606. Report Area

Total

Amount of Payments

Average Monthly

Recipients Under

Recipients Age

Recipients 65 or

Recipients

($1,000)

Payment

18

18�64

Older

Report Location

1,141

$600

$525.85

190

799

152

Snyder County, PA

606

$323

$533.00

99

434

73

Union County, PA

535

$277

$517.76

91

365

79

361,250

$212,837

$589.17

63,355

228,294

69,601

Pennsylvania

Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: United States Social Security Administration. Source geography: County

Supplemental Security Income Report Location Recipients 65 or Older: 13.3%

Recipients Under 18: 16.7%

Recipients Age 18-64: 70.0%

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) (formerly Food Stamp Program) Monthly Average Food Stamp Eligible Persons by County are shown for fiscal year 2016�2017. According to the Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare, the total number of eligible households for this report area is 3,081. The average monthly SNAP (Food Stamp) allocation for the report area is $214.51. The highest number is located in Snyder County, PA with 1,574 eligible households, this compares to the lowest number located in Union County, PA with 1,507 eligible households. NOTE: To be Food Stamp Eligible, individuals must meet both resource and income requirements as determined by the Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare. Income requirements include both gross and net income. To be eligible to receive food stamps, a person's gross income cannot exceed 160 percent of the poverty level nor can their net income exceed 100% of the poverty level. Report Area

Total Households

Households Eligible for SNAP

Total SNAP Payments

Average SNAP Payment per Households

Report Location

29,278

3,081

$660,905.58

$214.51

Snyder County, PA

14,576

1,574

$337,531

$214.51

Union County, PA

14,702

1,507

$323,374

$214.57

5,007,442

958,376

$226,222,989.19

$236.05

Pennsylvania

Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. Pennsylvaina Department of Public Welfare. Source geography: County

Page 41 / 45


Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) (formerly Food Stamp Program) 300

200

100

0 Average SNAP Payment per Households

Report Location

Pennsylvania

Households Receiving SNAP by Poverty Status (ACS) The table below shows that 29,455 households (or 10.28%) received Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) payments, formerly known as food stamps, during 2018. Of those 3,029 households, 51.67% or 1,565 households have at least one working family member and 36.88% or 1,117 are over the age of 60. Report Area

Total

Total Households

Households

Receiving SNAP

Percent

Report Location

29,455

3,029 10.28%

Snyder County, PA

14,716

1,447

Union County, PA

Income Below

Income Above

Family has at Least 1

Age 60 and

Poverty

Poverty

Working Member

Older

1,386

1,643

1,565

1,117

9.83%

596

851

792

437

14,739

1,582 10.73%

790

792

773

680

5,025,132

663,466 13.20%

313,840

349,626

315,701

229,466

United States 119,730,128

14,635,287 12.22%

7,090,216

7,545,071

7,946,145

4,699,590

Pennsylvania

Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014‐18. Source geography: County

Households Receiving SNAP Benefits, Percent by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 19.0% 14.1 ‐ 19.0% 9.1 ‐ 14.0% Under 9.1% No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location  View larger map

Page 42 / 45


Households Receiving SNAP by Poverty Status (ACS) 20M

15M

10M

5M

0 Total Households Receiving SNAP

Family has at Least 1 Working Member

Report Location

Pennsylvania

Age 60 and Older

United States

Non‐Hispanic Households Receiving SNAP (ACS) Report Area

Total Receiving SNAP

Percent of Non‐Hispanic Receiving SNAP

Report Location

2,816

9.76%

Snyder County, PA

1,431

9.83%

Union County, PA

1,385

9.68%

Pennsylvania

574,535

12.04%

United States

11,428,037

10.97%

White Non‐Hispanic Households Receiving SNAP (ACS) Report Area

Total Receiving SNAP

Percent of White Non‐Hispanic Receiving SNAP

Report Location

2,721

9.57%

Snyder County, PA

1,412

9.80%

Union County, PA

1,309

9.34%

Pennsylvania

383,826

9.40%

United States

6,739,271

8.28%

Hispanic Households Receiving SNAP (ACS) Report Area Report Location

Total Receiving SNAP

Percent of Hispanic Receiving SNAP 213

35.92%

Snyder County, PA

16

9.76%

Union County, PA

197

45.92%

Pennsylvania

88,931

34.94%

United States

3,207,250

20.66%

Low‐Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP), Cash Grants The table below shows the number of approved applications and dollars spent in cash grants for the Low‐Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP) which helps low‐income families, typically with a one‐time payment to help pay their heating bill during the winter months. For the fiscal year 2016‐2017, the total approved applications were 1,764 with an average one‐time payment of $248.61. Cash payments amounts include one supplemental cash payment issued during the program year. Union County, PA received the most dollars spent on cash grants with a total of $224,715, while Snyder County, PA had the lowest with $213,827. Page 43 / 45


Report Area

Number of Approved Applications

Report Location

Dollars Spent

Average Grant Amount

1,764

$438,542

$248.61

Snyder County, PA

854

$213,827

$250.38

Union County, PA

910

$224,715

$246.94

348,680

$90,600,998

$259.84

Pennsylvania Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: Pennsylvaina Department of Public Welfare. Source geography: County

Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP), Cash Grants 300

200

100

0 Average Grant Amount

Report Location

Pennsylvania

Low‐Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP), Crisis Grants The table below shows the number of approved applications for the Low‐Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP) and dollars spent in crisis grants for energy assistance in the report area. For the fiscal year 2016‐2017, the total approved applications were 727 grants for an average grant amount of $340.42. Crisis funds can be used for two purposes. To repair a furnace or heating system for an eligible household during the winter months if the heating system is not working or if the family has almost run out of their supply of main heating fuel (coal, fuel oil, wood, etc.). Report Area

Number of Approved Applications

Dollars Spent

Average Grant Amount

Report Location

727

$247,482

$340.42

Snyder County, PA

417

$145,602

$349.17

Union County, PA

310

$101,880

$328.65

98,557

$33,736,421

$342.30

Pennsylvania Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: Pennsylvaina Department of Public Welfare. Source geography: County

Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP), Crisis Grants 400

300

200

100

0 Average Grant Amount

Report Location

Pennsylvania

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https://caap.engagementnetwork.org, 9/23/2020

Page 45 / 45


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