UNION & SNYDER COUNTY
COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT WINTER 2020
713 BRIDGE STREET, SELINSGROVE, PA 17870
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(570) 374-0181
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UNION-SNYDERCAA.ORG
Table of Contents Introduction ..........................................................................................................3 Executive Summary ..............................................................................................4 Data Indicators......................................................................................................6 Phase One: Asset Mapping ..................................................................................7 Phase Two: Survey ..............................................................................................13 - Summary of Low Income Data ...................................................................14 - Ranked List of Concerns: Most - Least Necessary ....................................28 - Ranked List of Concerns: Immediate Community Focus.........................30 - Ranked List of Concerns: Top Priorities.....................................................31 Phase Three: Focus Groups & Interviews.........................................................39 Conclusions & Actions ........................................................................................45 Acknowledgements ............................................................................................49 Appendix ..............................................................................................................50 • Ranking Process, Lists of Concerns • Survey Questions, English and Spanish • Community Needs Assessment Flyer • CAAP Community Needs Assessment Full Report, Population and Poverty
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Introduction Union-Snyder Community Action Agency (CAA)’s Community Needs Assessment was implemented to better understand the unique and ever-changing needs facing Union and Snyder county residents. The contents of this report will inform the work of CAA through 2023 to ensure real-time action is being taken to address issues facing our community - as reported by our community - through either direct service offerings or enhanced community collaborations. CAA will continue its assessment following a three-year schedule to stay current on community trends. The process consisted of three distinct data collection phases in the summer of 2020. These phases included asset mapping, survey collection, and implementation of focus groups and key informant interviews.
PHASE ONE
PHASE TWO
PHASE THREE Interviews
Survey Asset Mapping
Additional Relevant Reports In order not to duplicate efforts of previous needs assessments, key findings and links to previous assessments are listed below: • Greater Susquehanna Valley United Way’s ALICE Report: https://www.gsvuw.org/alice • Central Susquehanna Community Foundation Needs Assessment Report (2018): https://csgiving.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/RIF-Needs-Assessment-Report-2018.pdf • STEP Inc.’s Lycoming County Community Needs Assessment Report (2018): https://www.stepcorp.org/agency-info/administrative/community-needs-assessment.html 3
Executive Summary Preface Union-Snyder CAA completed its last major Community Needs Assessment in 2016, with an immediate follow up housing-focused assessment in 2017. Our last assessment was implemented in two phases with data from residents of Snyder, Union, Mifflin, and Juniata counties. Since that time, Union-Snyder CAA has focused primarily on the needs of residents of Union and Snyder counties. Our 2016 assessment identified the following top five prioritized needs: 1) drug and alcohol abuse; 2) working but not making enough to get by; 3) parents having problems managing the family; 4) helping kids succeed in school; 5) lack of affordable housing. By the time of the completion of the 2017 assessment, CAA staff hosted various forums to collect further information and inspire collaboration based on these issue areas. As a result, several long-term community coalitions were established, including the Local Housing Options Team (LHOT), which actively engages housing service providers in the region.
Our 2020 assessment presents a new list of priorities for the next three years, determined from three phases of data collection from residents of Union and Snyder counties. Data collection began in June 2020 and ended in August 2020. The survey response rate was average with 256 respondents from both paper and online survey participation; 12% of survey respondents were individuals who reported an annual income of equal to or less than the federal poverty guideline. Due to the preferred method of virtual data collection in response to the global COVID-19 pandemic - and the large number of Union and Snyder county residents without access to technology like the Internet - CAA’s Community Needs Assessment Committee established
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Executive Summary Cont. new, creative channels to reach audiences while following proper CDC pandemic guidelines. Examples of our virtual outreach initiatives included phone and/or Zoom interviews, a social media and email campaign, and an anonymous survey station implemented at CommunityAid (local philanthropic thrift store), which included a QR code campaign for easy mobile survey completion. In analyzing all phases of the data collected during the 2020 Community Needs Assessment process, the following areas of need emerged as themes. • Access to Healthcare and Health Insurance / High Healthcare Costs • More Good-Paying Jobs / Working But Not Making Enough Money • Children’s Success in School / Child Abuse & Neglect
COST & ACCESSIBILITY OF TRANSPORTATION TO WORK OR SERVICES
• Mental Health Problems and Awareness • Affordable Housing / Homelessness • Substance Abuse • Racial Discrimination
WORKING BUT NOT MAKING ENOUGH MONEY
ACCESS TO HEALTHY FOOD
• Affordable Childcare • Transportation • Cost of Nutritious Food
HIGH HEALTHCARE COSTS
ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
AFFORDABLE HOUSING
PAYING FOR COLLEGE AND HIGHER EDUCATION
SUBSTANCE ABUSE
CHILDREN’S SUCCESS IN SCHOOL
RACIAL DISCRIMINATION
AFFORDABLE CHILDCARE
MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS & AWARENESS
NEED FOR SUPPORT FOR PARENTS
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Data Indicators The following is a snapshot of information exported from the Community Action Association of Pennsylvania’s (CAAP) Community Needs Assessment Online Tool. This information provides a general overview of demographic and data information for Union-Snyder CAA’s entire service region to complement the information gathered in Phase Two: Surveys. The Full Export on Population and Poverty can be found in the Appendix of this report.
POPULATION
POVERTY
Data Source: Community Action Association of Pennsylvania, https://caap.engagementnetwork.org
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Phase One: Asset Mapping Phase One of the 2020 Community Needs Assessment consisted of an asset mapping project to identify current services addressing a range of community-based issues and further conclude where possible service gaps may exist in our rural region of Central Pennsylvania. The featured resources within the categories outlined below have been digitally mapped by physical location using a color code system. Most mapped resources represent a service provided by a nonprofit or human service agency, though some for-profit resources were included as the Committee felt that they fulfilled an important basic human need for residents of the county (e.g. grocery stores). The following pages contain screenshots of the Google Map used in the asset mapping project, starting with a combined Union and Snyder county overview and then a zoomed-in analysis of the western and eastern parts of each county. An online, interactive version of this Google Map can be found on our website at www.union-snydercaa.org/resource-map.
ASSET MAPPING KEY:
Housing Assistance
Health and Wellness
Education
Childcare
Employment Services
Financial Assistance
Legal Services
Technology
Food Assistance
Miscellaneous Services
UNION OR SNYDER COUNTY LOCATION
NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY LOCATION
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Union & Snyder County Overview Counties’ Asset Maps Below is a visual representation of Union and Snyder counties’ resources by category. Though not technically in CAA’s service region, resources within Northumberland County along the river are also highlighted due to the cross-county service provided to residents of the counties. It’s also important to note that there is no public transportation within the region at the time of this project. The only exception is rabbittransit, which is the area’s shared ride bus system for eligible riders.
The following pages feature screenshots from the map broken down into the Eastern and Western parts of each county. An online, interactive version of this Google Map can be found on our website at www.union-snydercaa.org/resource-map.
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Eastern Union County Eastern Union County Observations • Eastern Union County’s “resource cluster region” is Lewisburg. Its population is 5,730 (2018). • Union County Resource Center (Lewisburg) hosts several co-located services that assist with employment, health/wellness, and legal services, including Gaudenzia drug and alcohol treatment. • Bucknell University is located in Eastern Union County, which supports a thriving local business market as well as transient community members (e.g. students, professors). • Evangelical Community Hospital provides whole-person healthcare and serves as a large employer in the region. • Lewisburg Penitentiary is another large
RESOURCE CLUSTER: LEWISBURG
employer. • Close proximity to Northumberland County communities like Milton, Watsontown, and Montandon provide need for cross-county collaboration. Housing Assistance Health and Wellness Education Childcare Employment Services Financial Assistance Legal Services Technology Food Assistance Miscellaneous Services
UNION OR SNYDER COUNTY LOCATION NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY LOCATION
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Western Union County Western Union County Observations • Western Union County’s “resource cluster region” is Mifflinburg. Its population is 3,514 (2018). • There are no employment services located in Western Union County. • There are no financial assistance services in Western Union County. • There are no housing assistance services in Western Union County. • Resources are extremely limited for residents west of Mifflinburg (fig. 2). • The village of New Berlin serves as a mini
RESOURCE CLUSTER: MIFFLINBURG
resource hub for residents, providing featured education, childcare, and food assistance services (fig. 3).
Housing Assistance Health and Wellness Education Childcare Employment Services Financial Assistance Legal Services Technology Food Assistance Miscellaneous Services
Figure 2 West of Mifflinburg
UNION OR SNYDER COUNTY LOCATION NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY LOCATION
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Figure 3 New Berlin
Eastern Snyder County Eastern Snyder County Observations • Eastern Snyder County’s “resource cluster region” is Selinsgrove. Its population is 5,926 (2018). • The Snyder East Building (Selinsgrove) hosts a variety of co-located services that assist with housing, employment, food, financial, and miscellaneous services (e.g. ride share, mediation). • Susquehanna University is located in Eastern Snyder County, which supports a local business market as well as transient community members (e.g. students, professors).
RESOURCE CLUSTER: SELINSGROVE
• Close proximity to Northumberland County communities like Sunbury and Northumberland provide need for cross-county collaboration. • Sunbury serves as a cross-county resource hub for eligible residents of both Union and Snyder counties (fig. 4).
Housing Assistance Health and Wellness Education Childcare Employment Services Financial Assistance Legal Services Technology Food Assistance Miscellaneous Services
UNION OR SNYDER COUNTY LOCATION NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY LOCATION
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Figure 4 Sunbury’s resources that also serve eligible Union and Snyder County residents include but are not limited to the Greater Susquehanna Valley United Way (miscellaneous), PA Careerlink (employment), Central Susquehanna Site Services (health and wellness), and A Community Clinic (health and wellness).
Western Snyder County Western Snyder County Observations • Although Western Snyder County technically has two “resource cluster regions”, Middleburg and Beaver Springs have less resources combined than any of the other three resource cluster regions featured. The towns’ populations are 1,292 and 634, respectively (2018). • The Middlecreek Area Community Center (Beaver Springs) provides a variety of services that assist with food, health, and wellness. RESOURCE CLUSTER: MIDDLEBURG
They are also the only childcare facility in the region.
• There are no employment services located in Western Snyder County. • There are no financial assistance services in Western Snyder County. RESOURCE CLUSTER: BEAVER SPRINGS
• By Grace Transitional Home is the only homeless shelter in Union and Snyder Counties, serving women only.
Housing Assistance Health and Wellness Education
• Resources, specifically food, are extremely limited for residents of
Childcare
• Conewago Snyder provides drug and alcohol treatment.
Employment Services
Western Snyder County.
Financial Assistance Legal Services Technology Food Assistance Miscellaneous Services
UNION OR SNYDER COUNTY LOCATION NORTHUMBERLAND COUNTY LOCATION
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Phase Two: Surveys Phase Two of the 2020 Community Needs Assessment consisted of online and paper surveys in both English and Spanish. We utilized SurveyMonkey as the tool to gather information online. Paper copies were distributed through various CAA partners throughout Union and Snyder counties, including Union County Probation, SUMMIT Early Learning, and CommunityAid - Selinsgrove, as well as CAA’s office. A full list of survey questions can be found in this report’s Appendix. A survey incentive was used to encourage participation, which consisted of $50 GIANT gift cards awarded at random to 15 people through a separate survey following the completion of the Community Needs Assessment. Overall, 256 surveys were completed. Considering Union and Snyder counties' combined population of approximately 85,000 residents, our 256 survey responses yields a margin of error of +/- 6% at a 95% confidence level.
CommunityAid - Selinsgrove partnered with CAA to host a table for three weeks to encourage participation in the Community Needs Assessment surveys. The opportunity helped us sample a new population that may have otherwise gone uncounted in our outreach. In addition to making space in their philanthropic thrift store for a table, CommunityAid helped us hang posters around the store with a QR code so that shoppers could take the survey on their phone or tablet while browsing.
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Summary of Low Income Data Of the 256 responses collected in CAA’s Community Needs Assessment survey phase, 30 respondents reported an annual income
12% OF RESPONDENTS REPORTED LIVING WITH LOW INCOME
of equal to or less than the federal poverty guideline. The following depicts a deeper analysis of data collected by these 30 respondents living with low income.
THE AVERAGE DEMOGRAPHIC OF THIS SUBSET WERE WHITE, FEMALE, AGE 40, LIVING IN THE 17837 ZIP CODE.
3.33%
30.00%
10
66.67%
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ETHNICITY
0 PREFER NOT TO ANSWER HISPANIC/LATINX
20.00%
WHITE
76.67%
Though listed as options, other ethnicities such as Black/African American, Asian, and American Indian/Alaskan Native were not represented in this poverty data.
LONG-TERM SO
13.33%
HEALTH INSURANCE 15 12 9
MARITAL STATUS
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MARRIED SINGLE
76.67%
3 0
EMPLOYMENT
HOUSING STATUS OTHER
10.00% 10.00%
53.33% KNOW HOW TO FIND ASSISTANCE. 46.67% DO NOT.
15
FEMALE
10.00%
MOST RESPONDENTS HAD HEALTH INSURANCE. MEDICAID WAS THE MOST FREQUENT SOURCE.
EDUCATION
20 PREFER NOT TO ANSWER MALE
3.33%
MOST RESPONDENTS REPORTED BEING SINGLE, RENTING, AND WORKING PART-TIME. THE HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATION REPORTED WAS A HIGH SCHOOL DEGREE.
GENDER
DISABLED
CURRENTLY STAYING WITH OTHER PEOPLE
13.33%
10.00% 6.67%
RENT OWN
RETIRED
23.33%
23.33%
66.67%
UNEMPLOYED, SEEKING UNEMPLOYED, NOT SEEKING
36.67%
PART TIME FULL TIME
3.33%
14 17
Survey Demographics Q1: What is your age?
The average age of our 256 respondents was 45 years old. There were no respondents under the age of 18. Twenty-three respondents were between the ages of 19-26; 76 were between the ages of 27-40; 88 were between the ages of 41-60; and 72 were over the age of 60.
Q2: What gender do you identify as?
23.05%
Answered: 256
75.39%
Skipped: 0 0.39%
0%
1.17%
Q3: What zip code
Most of our respondents reported as being residents of Selinsgrove (17870) then
do you live in?
Lewisburg (17837). Other Union and Snyder County zip codes represented in the data include but are not limited to 17813, 17842, 17844, 17845, and 17889.
1.56%
Q4: Which option best describes your
4.69%
ethnicity?
0.39%
Answered: 256
91.80%
Skipped: 0 0.39% 0.39% 0.39% 0% 2.34%
18 15
Household Information Q5: What is your marital status?
54.30%
Answered: 256 Skipped: 0
8.20%
37.50%
>61 years old
Q6: How many people [in the following age groups] besides yourself live in
41-60 years old
50.42%
your household? Answered: 236
69.49%
19-26 years old
65.25%
Skipped: 20
47.03% 55.08%
Q7: Which of these options describes
16.80%
your household best?
4.69%
Answered: 256
23.44%
Skipped: 0
1.56% 6.64% 37.89% 1.17% 3.52% 4.30%
16
27-40 years old
<18 years old
Household Information Cont. Q8: What is the main language spoken
97.27%
in your household? 2.34%
Answered: 256 Skipped: 0
0.39% (bilingual Spanish/English)
Q9: Are you a member of the US
0.78%
military? 2.73%
Answered: 256 Skipped: 0
96.48%
Q10: Is anyone else in your household
10.98%
a veteran of the US military? Answered: 255
89.02%
Skipped: 1
17
Education Q11: Are you currently enrolled as a student in any kind of educational
5.51%
institution? Answered: 254
94.49%
Skipped: 2
1.57%
Q12: What is your highest level of
3.94%
education? Answered: 254
0.79%
Trade School Graduate
7.48% 8.27%
No High School
29.92%
Skipped: 2
Some High School Doctorate
21.65%
Associate's Degree
26.38% 26.51%
Master's Degree Bachelor's Degree High School Graduate or GED
2.04%
Q13: What is the highest level of education achieved by someone else in your household? Answered: 245 Skipped: 11
2.86%
1.22%
Trade School Graduate
6.94% 8.16%
No High School
33.06%
Some High School Associate's Degree
11.84%
Doctorate
17.14%
16.73% Master's Degree There is no one else in my household Bachelor's Degree
18
High School Graduate or GED
Employment & Income Q14: What is your current
60.98%
employment status?
10.98%
Answered: 246 4.47%
Skipped: 10
2.03%
15.85%
5.69%
Q15: If you are employed part time,
6.04%
how many hours do you work each
7.69%
week?
10.44%
Answered: 182 Skipped: 74
71.98%
3.85%
19
Employment & Income Cont. 2.44% 3.66%
Q16: If you are employed and earn an hourly wage, what is that wage?
2.03%
$7.25-$8.29/hour
4.88%
5.28%
Answered: 246
5.28%
Skipped: 10
5.28%
34.15%
6.91%
employed, hours are not specific, and a sliding hourly
$8.30-$10.44/hour Other
6.5%
‘Other’ responses included AmeriCorps stipend, self
< $7.25/hour
$19.05-$21.20/hour
23.58%
$10.45-$12.59/hour
scale from part to full time.
$12.60-$14.74/hour $16.90-$19.04/hour >$21.20/hour $14.75-$16.89/hour I am unemployed or retired I earn a yearly salary
2.03%
Q17: If you are employed and
2.85%
earn a yearly salary, what is that
2.03%
1.63%
0.41%
2.85%
$17,241-$21,720/year $30,681-$35,160/year
4.07%
salary?
4.07%
Answered: 246
27.64%
6.50%
$21,721-$26,200/year $12,761-$17,240/year
Skipped: 10 22.36% Of the 256 responses collected in CAA’s Community Needs
$26,201-$30,680/year
23.58% Other
Assessment survey phase, 30 respondents reported an annual income of equal to or less than the federal poverty guideline. Page 15 features a deeper analysis of data
$35,161-39,640/year < $12,760/year
collected by these 30 respondents living with low income.
$38,641-$44,120/year I am unemployed or retired I earn an hourly wage > $44,120/year
20
Employment & Income Cont. 2.03%
2.85%
Q18: Considering all of the
3.25%
0.81%
$17,241-$21,720/year
4.07%
$35,161-39,640/year
contributions to your household's
4.47%
income (other
32.11%
4.88%
people's jobs, cash benefits, etc.),
$12,761-$17,240/year $30,681-$35,160/year
5.69%
what do you estimate your
6.50%
household's total yearly income is?
$21,721-$26,200/year
8.94%
7.32%
$39,641-$44,120/year
8.13% 8.94%
Answered: 246
$26,201-$30,680/year
Skipped: 10
$70,001-$80,000/year $44,121-$50,000/year $60,001-$70,000/year $50,001-$60,000/year Other < $12,760/year > $80,000/year
60.16%
Q19: Which of these options best describes where your household
18.29% (”Income from employment and other income sources”)
gets its income?
2.03% (”Income from employment, other income sources, and non-cash gov’t benefits”)
Answered: 246
2.44% (”Income from employment and non-cash gov’t benefits”)
Skipped: 10
7.72%
‘Other’ answers were reported with
0.81% (”Other sources of income and non-cash gov’t benefits”)
specific types of government benefits
0.41% (”Non-cash gov’t benefits only”)
(e.g. SSI, SSD, pension, etc).
0.81% (”There is no source of income”) 7.32%
21
Employment & Income Cont. Q20: Are you or is anyone in your
8.54% (”Yes, everyone in my household is”)
household living on an income at or
2.85% (”Yes, some people in my household are, including me”)
below the federal poverty level?
3.25% (”Yes, some people in my household are, but I’m not”)
Answered: 246 Skipped: 10
70.33%
15.04%
22
Health & Ability Q21: Do you have a disabling 10.57%
condition? Answered: 246 Skipped: 10
89.43%
Q22: Does anyone else in your 11.79%
household have a disabling condition? Answered: 246
88.21%
Skipped: 10
Q23: Do you have health insurance?
94.31%
Answered: 246 Skipped: 10 5.69%
23
Health & Ability Cont. 3.25%
Q24: If you have health insurance, where do you get it? Answered: 246 Skipped: 10
0.81%
4.47%
0.41%
CHIP (0%) Military Healthcare
7.72% I don't know
8.13% 61.79% 12.20%
Direct-Purchase State Health Insurance for Adults I don't have health insurance Other Medicaid Medicare Employment Provided
Q25: Does anyone in your household
7.85%
not have health insurance? Answered: 242 Skipped: 14
92.15%
24
Housing & Assistance Q26: What is your housing status? 64.75%
Answered: 244 24.18%
Skipped: 12
2.05% (”I am in other long-term housing”)
2.05% (”I am currently staying with someone else”)
0%
3.69%%
Q27: Does anyone in your household (including yourself) currently
20.90% (”Yes, everyone uses the same programs”)
receive, or have they received in the past year, any assistance from the
9.84% (”Yes, but we use different programs”)
federal or state government? 65.57%
5.69%
Answered: 244 Skipped: 12
3.69%%
25
Housing & Assistance Cont. 2.05%
2.46%
1.64% 0.82% 0.82%
4.10%
Q28: If someone in your
4.10%
household received government assistance, what programs did they receive assistance through?
4.51%
5.33%
56.56%
5.74%
TANF I don't know if anyone else receives
7.38%
Skipped: 12
I know of some, but not all I don't know specific programs
4.51%
6.15%
Answered: 244
0.82%
Veteran's Assistance
11.48%
14.34%
17.21%
CHIP WIC Unemployment Insurance All through same programs Pension Subsidized housing or vouchers Other SSI LIHEAP
Q29: Does anyone in your household (including yourself)
Medicaid
receive, or have they received in the past year, assistance
SNAP
from local public or private aid organizations?
Medicare
Answered: 244
We do not receive gov't assistance
Skipped: 12 7.38%
87.70%
4.92%
26
Housing & Assistance Cont. Q30: Do you know how to access federal, state, and local assistance programs?
59.43%
Answered: 244 Skipped: 12
40.57%
Q31: Do the other people in your
24.59%
household know how to access federal,
15.98%
state, and local assistance programs?
31.56%
Answered: 244 Skipped: 12
31.56% (â&#x20AC;?There are no other people in my householdâ&#x20AC;?) 11.89%
27
Ranked List of Concerns: Most - Least Necessary Q32: Please rank each of the following issues by how important it is that they are addressed by the community in the next three years. Consider how common they are in your community and the surrounding county. Grade them on a scale of unnecessary, low, medium, high, necessary, or unsure. Answered: 235; Skipped: 21 In this portion of analyzing the survey, we used a three-step process to aggregate the data into one ordered, cohesive list which ranks each issue from what the community considers most necessary to address to least necessary, reflected below. See Appendix for full ranking process details.
1
ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE AND HEALTH INSURANCE
11
ACCESS TO DENTAL AND VISION CARE
2
CHILDREN’S SUCCESS IN SCHOOL
12
DEALING WITH EMOTIONAL BURDENS
3
MORE GOOD-PAYING JOBS
13
SENIOR CITIZENS’ SERVICES
4
HIGH HEALTHCARE COSTS
14
NEED FOR SUPPORT FOR PARENTS
5
CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT
15
MORE JOB TRAINING
6
MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS AND AWARENESS
16
ACCESS TO HEALTHY FOOD
7
DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE
17
PAYING FOR COLLEGE AND HIGHER EDUCATION
8
AFFORDABLE CHILDCARE
18
DISABLED CITIZENS’ SERVICES
9
WORKING BUT NOT MAKING ENOUGH MONEY
19
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
20
COST AND ACCESSIBILITY OF TRANSPORTATION TO WORK OR SERVICES
10
RACIAL DISCRIMINATION
Continued... 28
Ranked List of Concerns: Most - Least Necessary Cont. 21
LACK OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
29
INCARCERATION AND RE-ENTRY ISSUES
22
FOOD COSTS
30
NEIGHBORHOOD SAFETY
23
VETERANSâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; SERVICES
31
HOMELESSNESS
24
DEBT
32
JUVENILE CRIME
25
LACK OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING
33
COST OF HOME REPAIRS
26
STUDENTS DROPPING OUT OF HIGH SCHOOL
34
CRIME
27
ABILITY TO MANAGE AND BUDGET MONEY
35
LANGUAGE BARRIERS
28
COSTS OF UTILITIES
36
IMMIGRATION AND CITIZENSHIP ISSUES
29
Ranked List of Concerns: Immediate Community Focus Q33: Which single item from the previous list is the most important thing for the community to focus on right now? Answered: 235; Skipped: 21 The below is a list of themes for immediate community focus that emerged from this question, with the number of responses repesenting each in parentheses. 1
ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE AND HEALTH INSURANCE (28)
14
CHILD ABUSE (5)
2
RACIAL DISCRIMINATION (26)
15
VETERANS’ SERVICES (4)
3
DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE (25)
16
SENIOR/DISABLED CITIZENS’ SERVICES (4)
4
MORE GOOD-PAYING JOBS (22)
17
DEBT/MONEY MANAGEMENT (3)
5
AFFORDABLE HOUSING/HOMELESSNESS (20)
18
COST OF LIVING (2)
6
MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS AND AWARENESS (17)
19
MORE JOB TRAINING (2)
7
TRANSPORTATION (15)
20
LACK OF DENTAL CARE (1)
8
AFFORDABLE CHILDCARE (9)
21
UTILITY COSTS (1)
9
FOOD COST (6)
22
INCOME INSTABILITY DUE TO COVID-19 (1)
10
CHILDREN’S SUCCESS IN SCHOOL (7)
23
EDUCATION COST (1)
11
CHILDCARE OPTIONS (7)
24
ACCESS TO EDUCATION (1)
12
NEIGHBORHOOD SAFETY (7)
25
LANGUAGE BARRIERS (1)
13
ACCESS TO HEALTHY FOOD (6) 30
Ranked List of Concerns: Top Priorities The following Venn diagram illustrates the relationship between the top 10 community-reported issues from both questions 32-33, which asked participants to first rank issues in order of most to least necessary to address (#32), and then write-in the top issue that the community should place immediate focus on in addressing(#33). These issues will take priority for CAA to address in partnership with community organizations, in no particular order of urgency.
LEAST NECESSAR O T Y ST MO
IATE COMMUNITY D E FO IMM CU S
ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE & HEALTH INSURANCE RACIAL DISCRIMINATION HIGH HEALTHCARE COSTS CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT WORKING BUT NOT MAKING ENOUGH MONEY
CHILDREN’S SUCCESS IN SCHOOL DRUG & ALCOHOL ABUSE MORE GOOD-PAYING JOBS MENTAL HEALTH & AWARENESS AFFORDABLE CHILDCARE
31
AFFORDABLE HOUSING/HOMELESSNESS TRANSPORTATION FOOD COST
Barriers to Accessing Programs & Services Q34: Please share any comments you may have about the accessibility of programs and services and unmet needs in the community. (NOTE: The following page contains COVID-19 specific questions.) Answered: 63; Skipped: 193 The below is a list of themes that emerged regarding the accessibility of programs and services in the region. Explanations and examples are given under each theme, informed by respondent answers.
TRANSPORTATION The lack of public transportation in Union and Snyder counties makes it difficult - and often, impossible for people to access programs and services in the rural region. For families living with low income, an independent form of transportation is an added expense that is not sustainable. One respondent pointed out the unpredictable need for transportation, sharing that “transportation is needed for people who need it maybe on a temporary basis.” Even if an individual saves enough to purchase a car, or purchases a car through an assistance program, long-term costs like gas and insurance are detrimental to a family’s overall budget. This barrier has a direct negative impact on employment, childcare, and education opportunities for families without transportation.
ELIGIBILITY Several respondents shared that the eligibility criteria for existing assistance programs is too stringent and exclusionary. One respondent said that eligibility should be based on “individual circumstance”, while another shared that they have “concern for people who are slightly over the income limit”. This phenomena, known as the Cliff Effect, occurs when someone who is below the federal poverty level but whose various forms of non-cash government assistance (e.g. SNAP, WIC) make them ineligible to receive other forms of assistance (e.g. cash assistance).
AWARENESS Respondents shared that there seems to be a lack of understanding of issues related to poverty in the region as well as awareness of the programs that exist to provide assistance. One respondent said, “I know there are various services/programs available in [Union County], but I don't think enough energy is spent on getting people to attend these programs.” Several respondents shared that “pride” is often a barrier when it comes to encouraging people to access programs available in the counties. Another respondent shared, “I believe, in general, there are some good programs. However, I also think there is not enough understanding of some issues by the people who could help.”
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Barriers to Accessing Programs & Services Cont. OPTIONS Rural poverty is starkly different than urban poverty, thus affecting the amount of funding and resources available to address rural needs. Respondents shared concern that there is not enough diversity and/or quality in options for assistance in the Union/Snyder region. For example, one respondent shared that while there are some agencies that provide support for meeting basic needs (e.g. food, shelter, paying utility bills, etc.), “the need is greater than the resources available.” Respondents used this question to address the lack of resources for issues such as mental health, drug and alcohol treatment, and support for adults with disabilities (physical and intellectual). Another significantly under-resourced issue is supporting people who are literally homeless. One respondent shared, “homeless shelters are lacking. The ones available in the community are always full.”
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Summary of COVID-19 Needs Assessment In March of 2020, our community was suddenly impacted by the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, like the rest of the country. It didn’t take long to recognize that the implications of this global health pandemic would go beyond the hospital room and effect our local economy, education, employment, and basic needs opportunities. CAA used its routine Community Needs Assessment to better understand the not-so-routine experience of Union and Snyder residents in relation to the pandemic.
IMPACT ON CHILD’S EDUCATION
IMPACT ON RESOURCES
WORK
F O O D
FINANCES
S C H O O L LIBRARY ACCESS GROCERY STORES
LACK T E
OF C
H
P H Y S I C A L ENVIRONMENT NO EFFECT ACCESS TO LEARNING TOOLS
HOUSING INSECURE
STRESS
LOSS OF EMPLOYMENT
DECREASED INCOME
S O C I A L I Z AT I O N
RECREATION
VULNERABLE TO CONTRACTION LOSS OF EDUCATION
ISOLATION
C H I L D C A R E T R A N S P O R TAT I O N
T
E
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T
E
D
P O S I T I V E
MEDICAL APPOINTMENTS
C H U R C H
S
PERSONAL IMPACT
COVID-19 Needs Assessment Q35: How has the COVID-19 pandemic
0.88%
impacted you personally? Check all that
(”I am/was tested positive for COVID-19.”)
21.93%
apply.
(”I am vulnerable to contracting COVID-19.”)
5.70%
Answered: 228
14.47%
Skipped: 28
39.04% 5.70%
‘Other’ responses included temporary job loss, stress, housing, isolation, and impacts on education.
24.12%
Q36: Has our local healthcare system properly responded to the COVID-19
53.51%
pandemic? 8.33%
Answered: 228 Skipped: 28
38.16%
Q37: Have hospitals and/or health resources had services interrupted or
51.75%
quality of care decreased by the COVID-19 14.47%
pandemic? Answered: 228
33.77%
Skipped: 28
35
COVID-19 Needs Assessment Cont. Q38: Have local mental health resources been able to help people emotionally with
16.67%
the COVID-19 pandemic? 16.23%
Answered: 228 Skipped: 28
67.11%
Q39: Has the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted your family’s ability
16.23%
to access food? Answered: 228
83.77%
Skipped: 28
Q40: If you answered ‘yes’ to the question above, has the lack of free or reduced cost meals at school for your child been a factor?
4.82%
17.54%
Answered: 228 28.07% (”I do not have a child who had access to school meals”)
Skipped: 28
49.56% (”My family has not had trouble accessing food”)
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COVID-19 Needs Assessment Cont. Q41: If you experienced unexpected 24.56%
unemployment as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, do you know how to access
7.89%
unemployment benefits and other resources available to you?
67.54% (”I have not experienced unexpected unemployment as a result of COVID-19”)
Answered: 228 Skipped: 28
Q42: If you have a child that was affected by school closures as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, was your child unable to learn as
1.75% (”Yes, my child wasn’t able to learn as well because we lack technology”) 1.32% (”Yes, my child wasn’t able to learn as well because we lack access to learning tools”)
well?
23.68% (”Yes, my child wasn’t able to learn as well because they weren’t in the classroom”)
Answered: 228
19.74% (”No, my child did well despite school closures”)
Skipped: 28
53.51% (”I do not have a child that was affected by school closures”)
Q43: If you have a child that was affected by school closures as a result of the
8.33% (”I am unable to work as much because I can’t make childcare arrangements”)
COVID-19 pandemic, how has your family been impacted? Check all that apply.
7.89% (”I am unable to help my child succeed in school”) 0.88% (”I am unable to get enough food for my child”) 11.84% (”I have trouble keeping my child active and caring for my child while I work from home”)
Answered: 228
22.37% (”My family has been relatively unaffected”)
Skipped: 28
53.51% (”I do not have a child affected by school closures”) 8.33%
‘Other’ responses included effects on pre-k age children, socialization, quality family time, and grandparents caring for grandchildren.
37
COVID-19 Needs Assessment Cont. Q44: Have assistance programs or services you use been interrupted as a
7.89%
result of COVID-19? 24.12%
Answered: 228 Skipped: 28
67.98% (”I do not typically access assistance programs/services”)
Q45: Many community resources (for example, sports, YMCA, transportation services, after school care, etc.) have been limited due to the COVID-19 pandemic. What one missing or limited resource has affected you and your family the most? Answered: 228; Skipped: 28 The below is a list of themes that emerged regarding the impact of missing or limited resources during COVID-19.
• CHILDCARE • WORK • TRANSPORTATION • MEDICAL APPOINTMENTS • CHURCH • SCHOOL • RECREATION • GROCERY STORES • FOOD • LIBRARY ACCESS • SOCIALIZATION • FINANCES (E.G. TAX REFUND DELAY)
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Phase Three: Interviews Phase Three of the 2020 Community Needs Assessment consisted of one-to-one key informant interviews as well as community focus groups. The purpose of this final stage in CAA’s data collection process was to provide an additional anecdotal layer of information to complement and fill in gaps left by the previous phases. CAA intentionally chose to include both key informant interviews and focus groups acknowledging the opportunity that both have for information sharing and dialogue. Key informant interviews provide a platform of privacy, anonymity, and one-to-one discourse while focus groups encourage in-depth consideration and analysis of topics presented. All conversations were hosted via Zoom or telephone, depending on access to technology, due to COVID-19 limitations. Participants in these conversations included both professionals in the non-profit and for-profit sectors to individuals living with low income and actively receiving assistance. In total, three key informant interviews and two focus groups were conducted; one of the three focus groups was a Spanish-only conversation, translated by Yudys Fernandez of CAA. All feedback was transcribed into qualitative data and analyzed to be included in this report.
“Trying to develop poverty assistance programs without addressing intergenerational issues and sources of poverty is like trying to make a cake without the flour.” - KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEWEE
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Key Informant Interview #1 INTERVIEW SUMMARY The first key informant interviewee was a Snyder County resident and mother receiving services from one of CAA’s partner agencies. A major theme of the conversation surrounded the health and well-being of children as well as the need for more resources for parents to manage their own stresses.
Local Assets identified during this interview included abundant food distribution programs. “Food is very easy to come by,” shared the interviewee. “[My family uses] Union-Snyder CAA and the Selinsgrove Food Pantry (Loaves and Fishes).” Another major local asset shared by the interviewee was PPL’s On-Track program for utility assistance. Specific to the COVID-19 pandemic, the combination of the stimulus check and extra unemployment have been beneficial financial resources towards the family’s debt payments, etc. Discussion of Needs centered on the well-being of children and parents alike. The interviewee expressed concern for a high number of child abuse cases and an unreliable foster care system. Additionally, the interviewee placed an emphasis on a stronger emotional support network for parents, sharing that “parental emotional health is necessary to helping children.” Other community needs identified included more resources for personal hygiene items and diapers, financial stability support, and healthcare.
INTERVIEW KEY THEMES CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT The interviewee shared that “there are too many homes where children are abused and it’s just snubbed away”. The community, as well as the foster care system, has a responsibility to raise awareness of issues facing children’s health and well-being.
NEED FOR SUPPORT FOR PARENTS A prominent solution to addressing child abuse and neglect is to ensure that parents have access to proper emotional resources to manage various stresses in a healthy, non-abusive way. “Parental emotional health is necessary to helping children.”
ABILITY TO MANAGE AND BUDGET MONEY Poverty has significant influences on family health. There needs to be more support in teaching families financial literacy and how to work better with the bank.
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Key Informant Interview #2 INTERVIEW SUMMARY The second key informant interviewee was a Snyder County elected official. A major theme of the conversation surrounded the need for efficient distribution of resources as well as the issues that restraints on public assistance programs have that prohibit proactivity in services (e.g. people need to wait until their need is urgent until needs can be met).
Local Assets identified during this interview included an overall opinion that if people need assistance, they can generally receive it in this community, acknowledging certain gatekeeping barriers. The interviewee identified Treatment Court as an effective local asset, as it “uses external motivation to leverage people into assistance programs” while reducing county recidivism rates. Discussion of Needs centered on the need for proactivity to discourage crisis or crime in the first place. While Treatment Court is effective and has proven to lower recidivism rates, “the frustration remains that they don’t get that level of help until they’ve committed a crime and they come in our doors”. Easier access to education on basic life skills, like financial literacy, could be a solution to divert criminal acts such as shoplifting. The interviewee also shared that Snyder County Children & Youth Services consistently reports that drug and alcohol abuse is one of the issues that kids faces most frequently.
INTERVIEW KEY THEMES CRIME The interviewee focused much of the conversation on the unnecessary levels of crime occurring in the region that could be prevented by a more proactive public assistance system. “We need to put more resources into helping people before they end up in the system.”
DEALING WITH EMOTIONAL BURDENS The interviewee discussed the issue of poverty exacerbating pre-existing interpersonal issues; “all problems, from negative family dynamics to inequity in choice and opportunity, are exacerbated by poverty’s existence”. By addressing emotional burderns caused by the state of living in poverty, more people may find the internal motivation to become self-sufficient.
BASIC LIFE SKILLS Another identified avenue that could potentially lessen crime and other catastrophic life circumstances is increased access to learning basic life skills, such as financial literacy. “This could be a major source of lifting people out of poverty.”
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Key Informant Interview #3 INTERVIEW SUMMARY The third and final key informant interviewee was a Union County resident and service provider for Union, Snyder, and Northumberland counties. A major theme of the conversation focused on the significance that mental health and wellness has on the “symptoms of poverty”. This interview looked deeply into the uniqueness of poverty in the immediate region.
Local Assets identified during this interview focused on the cultural understanding among residents that we can “take care of our own”. Especially in rural areas, such as Northern Union County and West of Middleburg, there are less resources available and more of this mentality among neighbors. Discussion of Needs acknowledged that, while there are obvious immediate benefits, this “take care of our own” philosophy can be detrimental in producing long-term, sustainable change. Resources need to be distributed more efficiently. Additional needs identified included transportation, racial diversity, and mental health and substance use disorder. Specifically, the interviewee shared that living with financial instability can have a significant effect on mental health that is hard for other people to empathize with. The sheer amount of stress that comes from not knowing where your next dollar - or meal - is coming from is extremely high: “I think about when I’m really stressed, and then magnify that by 100. Then I add the extra levels of no support system or reliable income. It’s staggering.”
INTERVIEW KEY THEMES MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS AND AWARENESS Mental health was the prominent area of focus during the conversation with this interviewee. Mental health, according to the interviewee, is one of the main sources of every symptom of poverty. We must learn how to take care of ourselves and create a system that provides that care to other people as a necessary step to improving our community.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE Closely linked to mental health, substance use disorder is another significant barrer to a thriving life. “Getting a job is not the problem. Keeping your job is the problem, and that’s the piece that connects wellness and mental health.”
CHILDREN’S SUCCESS IN SCHOOL This theme emerged in the interviewee’s discussion of the interconnectedness of poverty among generations. Children are impressionable and the negative effects of childhood lead them to have instability and less success as they grow.
42
Focus Group #1 “I’ve had to push [others around me] not to assume that someone’s poverty is a result of laziness or lack of desire.” - FOCUS GROUP PARTICIPANT
The first virtual focus group consisted of two females and one male facilitator. The discussion ranged from poverty’s effects on children’s school experience and overall mental health to how and why should community members help others living with low income. Much of the conversation centered on the importance of education, but not in the typical sense of the word - and as highlighted in previous pages of this report. More so, the participants in this focus group felt strongly that the community as a whole needed a better understanding of poverty and how it looks in our region. “There needs to be more education around poverty,” commented one participant. “Particularly, around what services are available to people in need.”
DIRECT QUOTES FROM FOCUS GROUP #1 PARTICIPANTS
When asked about the most effective services in our region, one participant responded, “I kinda dreaded this question, because I genuinely do not really
• “In this area, people are one flat tire away from poverty.”
know what services are provided.” She is not alone this was a frequent theme that emerged within all
• “[Many people in the area have] the bootstrap mentality
three phases of CAA’s data collection process,
- that is, ‘I’m working hard for my stability, so you can,
assumingly due to the rural nature of the counties
too’.”
and uneven distribution of resources. • “The lack of knowledge about available services is the biggest obstacle to getting help.”
Another looming theme surrounding the conversation was the cyclical nature of poverty and
• “In addition [to the obvious effects of financial instability
its ability to keep families held down for
on physical and mental health], poverty is cyclical in
generations. This cycle must be broken in order to
generations because children are taught from a young
help people escape poverty. The participants agree
age.”
that services focused on teaching the skills to attain
• “Poverty is a cruel cycle that bleeds into every aspect of
self-sufficiency will achieve this goal. Additionally, it
life: poor mental health begets poor physical health and
is important the discussion surrounding the
lack of motivation, lack of financial stability begets poor
counties’ “hidden poverty”, that is, people living in
mental health, lack of motivation begets financial instability, etc. There is a lack of knowledge on this, which
poverty that are not apparent to the public eye like
leads back to stigmas.”
in urban areas. This can often lead to mistrust and heightened stigma towards people in poverty.
43
Focus Group #2 “Lack of trust is the quintiessential piece of the cycle [of generational poverty].” - FOCUS GROUP PARTICIPANT
The second virtual focus group also consisted of two females and one male facilitator. The discussion began with the immediate acknowledgement of the “hidden poverty” that is unqiue to the region. Additionally, the philosophy that people are reluctant to ask for help. “It’s not the stereotypical homeless population [in Union and Snyder counties],” commented one participant. “It’s not people that are necessarily even out of work. A lot of it is people that are working and they have kids and just don’t quite make enough money to cover it all.” The other participant seconded the issue of hidden poverty, and noted that it’s especially prevalent
DIRECT QUOTES FROM FOCUS GROUP #2 PARTICIPANTS
when school is in session. “A lot of families are scraping things together, living paycheck to paycheck. This leads to a lot of people seeing
• “A lack of resources keeps people in the cycle, which
poverty as a moral failing.”
leads to coping mechanisms, like substance abuse, that further keep people in the cycle.”
When also asked about the ability to find resources,
• “[Poverty] effects the kids a lot. It’s way cheaper to feed
this group responded similarly to the first group:
your family on unhealthy food than on healthy food.”
with apprehension. One participant, who was a service provider, shared “even people involved in
• “A lot of measures that are put in place are a stop-gap
the network don’t know many of the tools available”.
and don’t address root causes of the problem.” • “[Our community struggles with] university-sponsored
The participants in this group also spent a majority
gentrification.”
of the conversation discussing cyclical and multi-generational poverty. They acknowledged that
• “There’s too much noise to build trust in the institutions
a lack of equity is everywhere and it’s both a cause
that are supposed to be there to help people. This lack of
and result of poverty. Specifically, there are not
trust is the quintiessential piece of the cycle [of generational poverty].”
enough programs that focus on multi-generational learning. “It’s very rare that people escape the cycle,” commented a participant, “even when they do, its ghost stays with them.”
44
Conclusions & Actions reducing racial discrimination in our
Across the board, access to healthcare
region. Additionally, all CAA staff will
and health insurance emerged as a top concern for residents of Union and Snyder
participate in continued racial bias trainings to
counties. We view this concern as specific to
better support our diverse customer base.
the COVID-19 pandemic, and also believe that
Consistent with findings in CAA’s
it will remain a priority for the next several
2016/2017 Community Needs
months to years as our community continues
Assessment process, community members
to wrestle with the consequences of the global
communicated a top priority of ensuring
health crisis. In response to this concern, CAA
overall child wellbeing and, specifically,
staff will be trained and educated on the
children’s success in school. CAA staff will
various health assistance programs that
continue to participate in the area’s Children’s
could be a viable option for their
Roundtable, organized by Union and Snyder
customers to pursue. CAA will also convene
County Children & Youth agencies.
with identified health and wellness providers
Additionally, CAA’s Director participates on
to discuss creative solutions for collaboration
SUMMIT Early Learning’s Board of Directors,
to begin filling the gap for residents with low
and SUMMIT’s Director serves on CAA’s Board.
income who have limited healthcare options.
CAA will seek opportunities for creative
Another frequently mentioned theme
collaboration with SUMMIT and area school
that emerged within our local data
districts to ensure child wellbeing and
collection that has connection to nation-wide
success, in addition to continuing to offer
events taking place in 2020 was racial
parenting support through our
discrimination. CAA will remain in
self-sufficiency programs.
partnership with the Greater Susquehanna
While CAA doesn’t specifically offer
Valley United Way by supporting and
programs supporting mental health
assigning select staff members to regularly
and/or substance use disorder treatment, we
participate in its Diversity & Inclusion
participate in conversations and planning
Impact Council to connect with community
sessions with key providers through the work
members and local agencies dedicated to
45
Conclusions & Actions Cont. of the Snyder/Union Opioid Coalition. We do,
eviction. Additionally, CAA convenes local
however, offer programs that directly support
housing providers and landlords in a regular
people’s success in employment. This Needs
Local Housing Options Team (LHOT) meeting
Assessment process has further drawn
forum to discuss housing needs and solutions.
emphasis to the need for mental health and
Still, more must be done. CAA will
substance abuse support to empower people
re-evaluate its approach to delivering
to experience long-term employment at
housing assistance programs to ensure a
good-paying jobs. CAA will re-evaluate its
full-person approach to achieving
employment skills curriculum to
self-sufficiency and long-term success. CAA
emphasize basic life skills as well as action
will also further engage landlords and tenants
steps towards achieving positive mental
in conversations around responsible renting
health, including treatment, with the end
as well as explore successful landlord
goal of long-term employment in mind.
mitigation programs to institute a similar
Additionally, CAA will strategize conversations
model for encouraging a more equitable
with local employers to increase
low-income housing system.
understanding of employing people with
Another consistent issue in our region
interpersonal barriers and act as a supportive
is access to transportation. Without a
agent between employee and employer to
public transit system, residents have difficulty
ensure employment success.
getting to important appointments,
Housing remains a consistent barrier
employment, school, etc. CAA will explore
for Union and Snyder county residents
diversified funding streams to better
seeking self-sufficiency. Between a significant
support more people with general
lack of shelter space in the community, and
transportation assistance, which includes
minimal options for affordable rental units,
car repairs, purchases, and gas. Until a
vulnerable families are at risk of experiencing
public transit system is put in place, we
homelessness at any given time. CAA’s current
believe that a key to self-sufficiency is getting
housing programs offer Rapid Rehousing for
people into cars without incurring further
families experiencing homelessness as well as
financial burdens.
rental and utility assistance to prevent 46
Conclusions & Actions Cont. In analyzing the results produced
2. More resources need to be implemented to
from the three phases of this
better support homeless Union and Snyder
Community Needs Assessment, the
individuals and families. The entire
Committee identified the need to continue the
Union/Snyder region only hosts one shelter
Asset Mapping project to include Mapping
for women and children in Middleburg
Recommendations. CAA will organize a
(Western Snyder County). Agencies are tasked
subcommittee to complete a Mapping
with finding fast affordable housing or paying
Recommendation subreport to highlight
for hotel stays until a unit becomes available;
gaps in specific areas of the counties and
this is both a stress on our local housing
inspire collaboration to fulfill unmet needs.
market as well as a financially unsustainable
For now, the Committee has identified five
solution for the limited housing resources that
example regional recommendations, inspired
currently exist. The Local Housing Options
by the data collected through this Assessment
Team (LHOT), led by CAA, is currently working
process:
with key groups and individuals to identify sustainable practices and inspire
1. Regional transportation solution(s) must
collaboration.
take priority. This can include a public transit system and/or a ride share program that is
3. As demonstrated in the Asset Mapping
accessible to any family in need (e.g. reduced
project, there are ample food resources in
eligibility criteria). Both Uber and Lyft models
both Union and Snyder counties; however,
have been researched, but seems
approximately 8,000 residents are currently
unattainable due to the rural nature of our
food insecure, with an expected 5% increase
region. Without attainable transportation
as a result of the current COVID-19 pandemic.
solutions, residents without transportation
A coordinated effort among these food
face a significant barrier to accessing
distribution programs is needed to ensure
resources, especially those located in Western
that food is accessible to every resident. At the
parts of the counties and far from Eastern
time of this report, CAA is in the
resource hubs.
implementation phase of building the region’s
47
Conclusions & Actions Cont. first Hunger Coalition to inspire collaboration
Assessment Committee acknowledge the
and reduce duplication of food efforts. This
critical nature of forming regional
also includes the establishment of the first
recommendations in partnership with local
Union County Food Hub in partnership with
leadership, agency representatives, and
the Lewisburg YMCA at The Miller Center -
clients. We look forward to the
powered by Evangelical and Geisinger.
implementation of this Mapping Recommendation project and hope that, like
4. The opioid epidemic is affecting families
this Community Needs Assessment report, it
across Union and Snyder counties, with
will serve as a tool for various aspects of
limited drug treatment programs in the
equity work being done in Union and Snyder
region. There must be a more concentrated
counties.
effort on supporting individuals living with substance use disorder in our region. The
ALLENWOOD
Union and Snyder Opioid Coalitions, led by the Greater Susquehanna Valley United Way, is
NEW COLUMBIA
currently working with key groups and individuals to identify sustainable resources.
MAZEPPA LEWISBURG VICKSBURG
5. Childcare resources in the region are both limited and financially unsustainable for
MIFFLINBURG NEW BERLIN
families living with low income. SUMMIT Early
LAURELTON
Learning is the lead innovator in early
PENNS CREEK
childhood programming for both Union and
KRAZTERVILLE
Snyder counties. More independent and/or
SHAMOKIN DAM
SELINSGROVE
MIDDLEBURG
collaborative efforts must be made in making childcare more accessible for families.
WINFIELD
BEAVER SPRINGS MCCLURE
CAA and members on its Community Needs
48
MT. PLEASANT MILLS
HERNDON
Acknowledgements It is our hope that this Needs Assessment will serve as a tool for not only us, but our community as a whole - from local government to places of worship - to guide our collective approach to creating a more equitable society for all Union and Snyder county residents. As noted throughout the report, CAA cannot do any of this work alone: we rely on and are energized by the collaborations with individuals and community organizations around us. We want to thank our Community Needs Assessment Committee for their guidance and feedback throughout our entire process: Doug Bertanzetti (SUMMIT Early Learning), Sarah Farbo (Susquehanna University), Yudys Fernandez (Union-Snyder CAA), Lori Hackenberg, Esq. (Snyder County), Susan Jordan (Susquehanna Valley Mediation Center), Scott Kerstetter (Union County Probation), Lynn Pierson (Bucknell University), and Alicia Saxon (Community Member and Parent). We also want to express our gratitude for: • The anonymous participants, who took time to complete our survey and provide feedback through our interview processes • Ben Marsh (Bucknell University), who provided guidance for our asset mapping project • CommunityAid - Selinsgrove staff, who supported our project by setting up a survey station in their store for local shoppers • GIANT, who donated gift cards to encourage survey participation Lastly, to our CPWDC Data Analyst/Special Projects Coordinator intern, Henry Harrison, who spent hours of his summer break from college analyzing survey data, transcribing interviews, and identifying resources to map. We couldn’t have produced such a well-rounded snapshot of our community needs without your impressive leadership. #bestinternever
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Appendix • Ranking Process, Lists of Concerns • Survey Questions, English and Spanish • Community Needs Assessment Flyer • CAAP Community Needs Assessment Full Report, Population and Poverty
50
Ranking Process, Lists of Concerns We asked our survey participants to rate how important it is that 36 different community issues be addressed in the next three years on a scale from unnecessary, low priority, medium priority, high priority, and necessary (including an option for unsure/undecided). We used a three step process in order to aggregate the data into one ordered, cohesive list which ranks each issue from what the community considers most necessary to address to least necessary. In the first step, we assigned each option a numerical value from 1-5, 1 being unnecessary and 5 being necessary, and omitted each time the Unsure option was selected. From there, we took the average numerical score of each issue and ranked them from highest to lowest score to establish a priority ranking. If two issues had the same average, they were subsequently ranked by how many unsure votes they received, with the lesser amount being ranked higher. Notably, Access to healthcare and health insurance (4.04) and More good-paying jobs (4.00) were the only two issues to reach a score of at least 4 (which corresponds to high priority), although four others were less than one tenth away. The average score of every other issue besides these two was at least 3.12. In the second step, we repeated the process but included the unsure selections in the
average and assigned them a value of 0. Any ties were resolved in the same way as in the previous step. In this step, the numerical average of each issue dropped, although some drops were much more drastic than others considering the differences between the number of unsure selections for each issue (the lowest being 8 and the highest being 33). While no issue crested the threshold of scoring at least 4 in step 2, 8 issues (Cost of utilities, Incarceration and re-entry concerns, Crime, Cost of home repairs, Homelessness, Juvenile crime, Language barriers, and Immigration and citizenship issues) all dropped below a score of 3. In the final step of the process, we created our final, comprehensive order by averaging together the rank of each issue in the previous two steps. For example, in step 1, More good-paying jobs was ranked second, but in step 2 it was ranked fourth, so its average ranking for step 3 was a 3, placing it behind Children's success in school (average of 2.5) and ahead of High healthcare costs (average of 3.5). Meanwhile, Debt was ranked twenty-first in step 1 and twenty-fourth in step 2, so its average rank was 22.5. Any ties in average rank were resolved by averaging their scores from steps 1 and 2. The most notable result of the final table is that Access to healthcare and health insurance was the highest prioritized issue in each step, making it the undisputed top-ranked issue.
Union & Snyder County Community Needs Assessment, 2020-2023 Introduction Union-Snyder Community Action Agency is conducting its Union & Snyder County Community Needs Assessment to plan for 2020-2023. Community Action Agencies across the country are required to assess the needs of the communities they serve to make sure the programs and services offered are meeting the unique needs of their residents. All residents of Union or Snyder counties are invited to complete this 20-minute survey, which asks questions regarding Household Information, Education, Employment & Income, Health & Ability, Housing & Assistance, and Community Concerns. This year, CAAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Assessment will also include questions specifically focused on COVID-19 and how the pandemic has affected your household and community. We estimate this survey will take about 20 minutes. As a special 'thank you' to the participants who take the time to provide input towards this crucial project, CAA is raffling off $750 in GIANT gift cards to everyone who submits a completed assessment. Respondents will have the opportunity to enter their contact information in a separate survey upon completion for a chance to win a $50 GIANT gift card. Surveys are available in paper and/or Spanish format upon request. Community Needs Assessment en EspaĂąol
For questions or concerns regarding the Union & Snyder County Community Needs Assessment, please contact Henry Harrison at hharrison@union-snydercaa.org or (570) 374-0181.
Union & Snyder County Community Needs Assessment, 2020-2023 Household Information * 1. What is your age?
* 2. What gender do you identify as? Male Female Non-Binary Other Prefer not to answer
* 3. What ZIP code do you live in?
* 4. Which option best describes your ethnicity? Black/African American Hispanic/Latinx Asian White American Indian/Alaska Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander Multiracial Other I prefer not to answer
* 5. What is your marital status? Married Long-term significant other Single
6. How many people besides yourself live in your household? 18 years old or younger 19-26 years old 27-40 years old 41-60 years old Older than 60 years old
* 7. Which of these options describes your household the best? Single person, no roommates Single person with roommates Two adults, no children Single parent, male Single parent, female Two parent household Non-related adults with children Multi-generational household (at least three generations) Other
* 8. What is the main language spoken in your household? English Spanish Other (please specify)
* 9. Are you a member of the US military? Yes, I am active duty Yes, I am a veteran No
10. Is anyone else in your household a veteran of the US military? Yes No If yes, what is their relation to you?
Union & Snyder County Community Needs Assessment, 2020-2023 Education * 11. Are you currently enrolled as a student in any kind of educational institution (night school, trade school, college, etc.)? Yes No
* 12. What is your highest level of education? No high school Some high school High school graduate or GED Associate's degree Bachelor's degree Trade school graduate Master's degree Doctorate
13. What is the highest level of education achieved by someone else in your household? No high school Some high school High school graduate or GED Associate's degree Bachelor's degree Trade school graduate Master's degree Doctorate There is no one else in my household
Union & Snyder County Community Needs Assessment, 2020-2023 Employment & Income * 14. What is your current employment status? Employed full time Employed part time Unemployed and seeking a job Unemployed and not seeking a job Retired Other (please specify)
15. If you are employed part time, how many hours do you work each week? Less than 20 hours 20-30 hours 30-40 hours I am not employed part time Other (please specify)
* 16. If you are employed and earn an hourly wage, what is that wage? Less than $7.25/hour $7.25-$8.29/hour $8.30-$10.44/hour $10.45-$12.59/hour $12.60-$14.74/hour $14.75-$16.89/hour $16.90-$19.04/hour $19.05-$21.20/hour Greater than $21.20/hour I earn a yearly salary I am unemployed or retired Other (please specify)
* 17. If you are employed and earn a yearly salary, what is that salary? Less than $12,760/year $12,761-$17,240/year $17,241-$21,720/year $21,721-$26,200/year $26,201-$30,680/year $30,681-$35,160/year $35,161-$39,640/year $38-641-$44,120/year Greater than $44,120/year I earn an hourly wage I am unemployed or retired Other (please specify)
* 18. Considering all of the contributions to your household's income (other people's jobs, cash benefits, etc.), what do you estimate your household's total yearly income is? Less than $12,760/year $12,761-$17,240/year $17,241-$21,720/year $21,721-$26,200/year $26,201-$30,680/year $30,681-$35,160/year $35,161-$39,640/year $39,641-$44,120/year $44,121-$50,000/year $50,001-$60,000/year $60,001-$70,000/year $70,001-$80,000/year Greater than $80,00/year Other (please specify)
* 19. Which of these options best describes where your household gets its income? Income from employment only Income from employment and other income sources Income from employment, other income sources, and non-cash government benefits Income from employment and non-cash government benefits Other sources of income only Other sources of income and non-cash government benefits Non-cash government benefits only There is no source of income Other (please specify)
* 20. Are you or is anyone in your household living on an income at or below the federal poverty level? Yes, everyone in my household is Yes, some people in my household are including me Yes, other people in my household are, but I'm not No I don't know
Union & Snyder County Community Needs Assessment, 2020-2023 Health & Ability * 21. Do you have a disabling condition? Yes No
* 22. Does anyone else in your household have a disabling condition? Yes No If yes, what is their relation to you?
* 23. Do you have health insurance? Yes No
* 24. If yes, where do you get your health insurance from? Medicare Medicaid CHIP (Children's Health Insurance Program) State Health Insurance for Adults Military Healthcare Direct-Purchase Employment provided I don't know I don't have health insurance Other (please specify)
25. Does anyone in your household not have health insurance? Yes No If yes, what is their relation to you?
Union & Snyder County Community Needs Assessment, 2020-2023 Housing & Assistance * 26. What is your housing status? I own my home I rent my home I am in other long-term housing I am currently staying with someone else I am homeless Other
* 27. Does anyone in your household (including yourself) currently receive, or have they received in the past year, any assistance from the federal or state government? Yes, everyone uses the same programs Yes, but we use different programs No I don't know
* 28. If someone in your household received government assistance, what programs did they receive assistance through? (Check all that apply) We all receive assistance through the same programs SNAP (Food Stamps) WIC (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Woman, Infants, and Children) Medicare Medicaid CHIP (Children's Health Insurance Program) Subsidized housing, housing vouchers, or another public housing program LIHEAP (Low Income Housing Energy Assistance Program) TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families) SSI (Supplemental Security Insurance) Unemployment Insurance Pension Any Veteran's Assistance program I know some, but not all of the programs we receive assistance through I don't know any of the programs we receive assistance through I don't know if anyone else receives government assistance We do not receive any government assistance Other (please specify)
* 29. Does anyone in your household (including you) receive, or have they received in the past year, assistance from local public or private aid organizations? Yes No I don't know If yes, what organizations or programs helped them? (Please write your answer into the comment box below. If you do not know or prefer not to answer, please answer 'N/A').
* 30. Do you know how to access federal, state, and local assistance programs? Yes No
* 31. Do the other people in your household know how to access federal, state, and local assistance programs? Yes, all of them do Yes, some of them do No There are no other people in my household I don't know
Union & Snyder County Community Needs Assessment, 2020-2023 Community Concerns 32. Please rank each of the following issues by how important it is that they are addressed by the community in the next three years. Consider how common they are in your community and the surrounding county. Grade them on a scale of unnecessary, low, medium, high, necessary, or unsure: Unnecessary Drug and alcohol abuse Access to healthcare and health insurance High healthcare costs Access to dental and vision care Dealing with emotional burdens (anger, stress, relationships, etc.) Mental health problems and lack of awareness Child abuse and neglect Children's success in school Students dropping out of high school Paying for college and other higher education Need for support for parents Making childcare more affordable More good-paying jobs More job training programs Working but not making enough money
Low
Medium
High
Necessary
Unsure
Unnecessary
Low
Medium
High
Necessary
Unsure
Debt Food costs Access to healthy food Lack of affordable housing Homelessness Cost of home repairs Cost of utilities Lack of public transportation Cost and accessibility of transportation to work or services Ability to manage and budget money Crime Incarceration and reentry issues Juvenile crime Domestic violence Neighborhood safety Racial discrimination Veterans' services Senior citizens' services Disabled citizens' services Language barriers Immigration and citizenship issues
* 33. Which single item from the previous list is the most important thing for the community to focus on right now?
34. Please share any comments you may have about the accessibility of programs and services and unmet needs in the community. (NOTE: The following page contains COVID-19 specific questions.)
Union & Snyder County Community Needs Assessment, 2020-2023 COVID-19 Community Needs Assessment * 35. How has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted you personally? Check all that apply. I am/was tested positive for COVID-19. I am vulnerable to contracting COVID-19. I lost my employment. My income was decreased. No personal impact. Prefer not to answer. Other (please specify)
* 36. Has our local healthcare system properly responded to the COVID-19 pandemic? Yes No I Don't Know Comment
* 37. Have hospitals and/or other health resources had services interrupted or quality of care decreased by the COVID-19 pandemic? Yes No I Don't Know Comment
* 38. Have local mental health resources been able to help people emotionally with the COVID-19 pandemic? Yes No I Don't Know Comment
* 39. Has the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted your family's ability to access food? Yes No
* 40. If you answered 'yes' to the question above, has the lack of free or reduced cost meals at school for your child been a factor? Yes No I do not have a child who had access to school meals My family has not had trouble accessing food
* 41. If you experienced unexpected unemployment as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, do you know how to access unemployment benefits and other resources available to you? Yes No I have not experienced unexpected unemployment as a result of COVID-19
* 42. If you have a child that was affected by school closures as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, was your child unable to learn as well? Yes, my child wasn't able to learn as well because we lack technology Yes, my child wasn't able to learn as well because we lack access to learning tools Yes, my child wasn't able to learn as well because they weren't in the classroom No, my child did well despite school closures I do not have a child that was affected by school closures Comment
* 43. If you have a child that was affected by school closures as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, how has your family been impacted? Check all that apply. I am unable to work as much because I can't make childcare arrangements I am unable to help my child succeed in school I am unable to get enough food for my child I have trouble keeping my child active and caring for my child while I work from home My family has been relatively unaffected I do not have a child affected by school closures Other
* 44. Have assistance programs or services you use been interrupted as a result of COVID-19? Yes No I do not typically access assistance programs or services If yes, which programs?
* 45. Many community resources (for example, sports, YMCA, transportation services, after school care, etc.) have been limited due to the COVID-19 pandemic. What one missing or limited resource has affected you and your family the most?
We want to hear from you! Union-Snyder
COMMUNITY NEEDS ASSESSMENT to assist with: • stable housing • food security • education
• employment • income security Complete the free survey online at
www.union-snydercaa.org/cna for the chance to win a
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¡QUEREMOS SABER DE TI! Union-Snyder
EVALUACIÓN DE LAS NECESIDADES DE LA COMUNIDAD para ayudar: • seguridad alimentaria • vivienda estable • educación • empleo • seguridad de ingresos Complete la encuesta gratuita en línea en
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Community Needs Assessment Online Tool Location Union‐Snyder Community Action Agency
Population Population Change Population change within the report area from 2000‐2018 is shown below. During the eighteen‐year period, total population estimates for the report area grew by 8.1 percent, increasing from 79,170 persons in 2000 to 85,580 persons in 2018. Percent Change in Population
Total Report Area Population, 2018 ACS Report Location
85,580
Total Population, 2000 Census
Population Change from 2000‐2018
Percent Change from 2000‐2018
Census/ACS
Census/ACS
79,170
6,410
8.10%
Snyder County, PA
40,466
37,546
2,920
7.78%
Union County, PA
45,114
41,624
3,490
8.38%
12,791,181
12,281,054
510,127
4.15%
United States 322,903,030 281,421,906
41,481,124
14.74%
Pennsylvania
-20%
Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. US Census Bureau, Decennial Census. 2014‐18. Source geography: County
Population, Density (Persons per Sq Mile) by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 5,000 1,001 ‐ 5,000 501 ‐ 1,000 51 ‐ 500 Under 51 No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location
View larger map
Population Change 20
%
15
10
5
0 Percent Change from 2000-2018
Report Location
Pennsylvania
Page 1 / 45
United States
60%
Report Location (8.10%) Pennsylvania (4.15%) United States (14.74%)
Age and Gender Demographics Population by gender within the report area is shown below. According to ACS 2014‐2018 5 year population estimates for the report area, the female population comprised 47.98% of the report area, while the male population represented 52.02%. Report Area
0 to 4
0 to 4
5 to 17
5 to 17
18 to 64
18 to 64
Over 64
Over 64
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Report Location
2,204
2,026
6,345
6,042
29,750
24,257
5,850
8,390
Snyder County, PA
1,120
1,006
3,284
3,127
12,470
12,253
2,897
4,017
Union County, PA
1,084
1,020
3,061
2,915
17,280
12,004
2,953
4,373
Pennsylvania
363,116
346,134
1,006,565
959,515
3,925,430
3,960,560
860,415
1,261,783
United States
10,146,960
9,689,890
27,438,613
26,277,777
99,617,317
100,493,892
19,630,586
27,457,281
Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014‐18. Source geography: County
Median Age by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 45.0 40.1 ‐ 45.0 35.1 ‐ 40.0 Under 35.1 No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location View larger map
Age and Gender Demographics Report Location 0 to 4 Male: 2.6%
Over 64 Female: 9.9%
0 to 4 Female: 2.4%
Over 64 Male: 6.9%
5 to 17 Male: 7.5% 5 to 17 Female: 7.1%
18 to 64 Female: 28.6% 18 to 64 Male: 35.1%
Adult Ages (18 ‐ 65) Report Area
18 to 24
18 to 24
25 to 34
25 to 34
35 to 44
35 to 44
45 to 54
45 to 54
55 to 64
55 to 64
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Male
Female
Report Location
6,073
5,354
5,635
4,199
5,825
4,332
6,550
5,093
5,667
5,279
Snyder County, PA
2,523
2,408
2,265
2,187
2,193
2,292
2,794
2,658
2,695
2,708
Union County, PA
3,550
2,946
3,370
2,012
3,632
2,040
3,756
2,435
2,972
2,571
606,696
587,792
846,350
821,398
745,907
749,315
853,654
877,640
872,823
924,415
Pennsylvania United States
15,846,667 15,057,052 22,550,492 22,017,484 20,308,605 20,454,605 20,998,089 21,591,484 19,913,464 21,373,267
Page 2 / 45
Adult Ages (18 - 65) Report Location 55 to 64 Female: 9.8%
18 to 24 Male: 11.2%
55 to 64 Male: 10.5%
18 to 24 Female: 9.9%
45 to 54 Female: 9.4% 25 to 34 Male: 10.4%
25 to 34 Female: 7.8%
45 to 54 Male: 12.1%
35 to 44 Male: 10.8%
35 to 44 Female: 8.0%
Hispanic Ages (Male and Female Combined) Report Area Report Location
0 to 4
5 to 17
18 to 24
25 to 34
35 to 44
45 to 54
55 to 64
Over 65
198
502
839
490
629
533
197
159
Snyder County, PA
77
201
139
80
174
137
51
45
Union County, PA
121
301
700
410
455
396
146
114
Pennsylvania
92,363
220,554
113,790
149,748
125,308
95,301
60,520
47,572
United States
5,141,740
13,206,083
6,710,463
9,110,263
8,287,301
6,648,870
4,457,641
3,955,574
Hispanic Ages (Male and Female Combined) Report Location Over 65: 4.5%
0 to 4: 5.6%
55 to 64: 5.6% 5 to 17: 14.2% 45 to 54: 15.0%
18 to 24: 23.7% 35 to 44: 17.7%
25 to 34: 13.8%
Race Demographics Population by gender within the report area is shown below. According to ACS 2014â&#x20AC;?2018 5 year population estimates, the white population comprised 92.79% of the report area, black population represented 3.91%, and other races combined were 3.3%. Persons identifying themselves as mixed race made up 1.66% of the population.
Report Area
White
Black
Total
Total
American
Asian
Indian
Total
Total
Native
Mixed
Hawaiian
Race
Total
Total
Report Location
78,232
3,297
335
1,021
26
1,397
Snyder County, PA
39,044
415
12
275
0
486
Union County, PA
39,188
2,882
323
746
26
911
Pennsylvania
10,341,442
1,423,319
24,847
427,892
4,107
310,880
United States
234,904,818
40,916,113
2,699,073
17,574,550
582,718
10,435,797
Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014â&#x20AC;?2018. Source geography: County
Page 3 / 45
Race Demographics Report Location Mixed Race: 1.7% Asian: 1.2% American Indian: 0.4% Black: 3.9%
White: 92.8%
Race Demographics â&#x20AC;? Male Report Area
White
Black
Male
Male
American
Asian
Indian
Total
Male
Native
Mixed
Hawaiian
Race
Male
Male
Report Location
39,083
2,999
289
438
17
897
Snyder County, PA
19,221
330
0
135
0
251
Union County, PA
19,862
2,669
289
303
17
646
Pennsylvania
5,068,116
687,256
13,398
204,778
1,875
155,118
United States
116,135,803
19,555,560
1,338,375
8,343,752
290,789
5,211,268
Ethnicity Demographics â&#x20AC;? Male Report Area
Total Males Hispanic /
Total Males Not Hispanic /
Percent Males Hispanic /
Percent Males Not Hispanic /
Latino
Latino
Latino
Latino
Report Location
2,511
42,354
5.60%
94.40%
Snyder County, PA
384
19,679
1.91%
98.09%
2,127
22,675
8.58%
91.42%
Pennsylvania
461,603
5,801,586
7.37%
92.63%
United States
29,059,591
129,924,599
18.28%
81.72%
Union County, PA
Ethnicity Demographics - Male 100
%
75
50
25
0 Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
Report Location
Pennsylvania
Page 4 / 45
United States
Race Demographics ‐ Female Report Area
White
Black
Female
Female
American
Asian
Indian
Female
Female
Native
Mixed
Hawaiian
Race
Female
Female
Report Location
39,149
298
46
583
9
500
Snyder County, PA
19,823
85
12
140
0
235
Union County, PA
19,326
213
34
443
9
265
Pennsylvania
5,273,326
736,063
11,449
223,114
2,232
155,762
United States
118,769,015
21,360,553
1,360,698
9,230,798
291,929
5,224,529
Ethnicity Demographics ‐ Female Report Area
Total Females Hispanic /
Total Females Not Hispanic /
Percent Females Hispanic /
Percent Females Not Hispanic /
Latino
Latino
Latino
Latino
Report Location
1,036
39,679
2.54%
97.46%
Snyder County, PA
520
19,883
2.55%
97.45%
Union County, PA
516
19,796
2.54%
97.46%
Pennsylvania
443,553
6,084,439
6.79%
93.21%
United States
28,458,344
135,460,496
17.36%
82.64%
Ethnicity Demographics - Female 125
100
%
75
50
25
0 Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
Report Location
Pennsylvania
United States
Hispanic Population The estimated population that is of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin in the report area is 3,547. This represents 4.14% of the total report area population, which is less than the national rate of 17.81%. Origin can be viewed as the heritage, nationality group, lineage, or country of birth of the person or the person’s parents or ancestors before their arrival in the United States. People who identify their origin as Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish may be of any race.
Page 5 / 45
Report Area
Total
Non‐Hispanic
Percent Population Non‐
Hispanic or Latino
Percent Population Hispanic or
Population
Population
Hispanic
Population
Latino
Report Location
85,580
82,033
95.86%
3,547
4.14%
Snyder County, PA
40,466
39,562
97.77%
904
2.23%
Union County, PA
45,114
42,471
94.14%
2,643
5.86%
Pennsylvania
12,791,181
11,886,025
92.92%
905,156
7.08%
United States
322,903,030
265,385,095
82.19%
57,517,935
17.81%
Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014‐18. Source geography: Tract
Population, Hispanic or Latino, Percent by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 10.0% 5.1 ‐ 10.0% 2.1 ‐ 5.0% Under 2.1% No Hispanic Population Reported No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location
View larger map
Hispanic Population by Gender Report Area
Male
Report Location
Female
Male, Percent
Female, Percent
2,511
1,036
70.79%
29.21%
384
520
42.48%
57.52%
2,127
516
80.48%
19.52%
Pennsylvania
461,603
443,553
51.00%
49.00%
United States
29,059,591
28,458,344
50.52%
49.48%
Snyder County, PA Union County, PA
Hispanic Population by Gender 75
%
50
25
0 Male, Percent
Female, Percent
Report Location
Pennsylvania
Hispanic Population by Race Alone, Percent
Page 6 / 45
United States
Black or African
Native American or Alaska
American
Native
Asian
Native Hawaiian or Pacific
Some Other
Multiple
Islander
Race
Race
Report Area
White
Report Location
1.71%
6.85%
9.55% 1.67%
0.00%
84.04%
25.63%
Snyder County, 63.27% PA
5.09%
0.00% 0.00%
0.00%
25.88%
5.75%
Union County, PA
44.87%
4.73%
1.40% 0.00%
0.00%
36.40%
12.60%
Pennsylvania
56.85%
6.93%
1.15% 0.36%
0.16%
26.28%
8.27%
United States
65.59%
2.09%
0.98% 0.36%
0.10%
26.14%
4.75%
Hispanic Population by Race Alone, Percent 100
%
75
50
25
0 White
Black or African American
Native American or Alaska Native
Report Location
Asian
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander
Pennsylvania
Some Other Race
Multiple Race
United States
Hispanic Population by Race Alone, Total Report Area Report Location
Nonâ&#x20AC;?Hispanic
Black or African
Native American or Alaska
White
American
Native
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Some Other
Asian
Islander
Race
Multiple Race
1,758
171
37
0
0
1,196
385
572
46
0
0
0
234
52
1,186
125
37
0
0
962
333
Pennsylvania
514,577
62,743
10,428
3,295
1,405
237,834
74,874
United States
37,723,641
1,200,196
563,594 207,381
57,616
Snyder County, PA Union County, PA
Hispanic Population by Race Alone, Total Report Location Multiple Race: 10.9%
Non-Hispanic White: 49.6% Some Other Race: 33.7%
Asian: 0.0% Native American or Alaska Native: 1.0% Black or African American: 4.8%
Page 7 / 45
15,035,465 2,730,042
Hispanic Population by Age Group Report Area Report Location
Age 0‐4
Age 5‐17
Age 18‐24
Age 25‐34
Age 35‐44
Age 45‐54
Age 55‐64
Age 65+
198
502
839
490
629
533
197
159
Snyder County, PA
77
201
139
80
174
137
51
45
Union County, PA
121
301
700
410
455
396
146
114
Pennsylvania
92,363
220,554
113,790
149,748
125,308
95,301
60,520
47,572
United States
5,141,740
13,206,083
6,710,463
9,110,263
8,287,301
6,648,870
4,457,641
3,955,574
Hispanic Population by Age Group Report Location Age 65+: 4.5%
Age 0-4: 5.6%
Age 55-64: 5.6% Age 5-17: 14.2% Age 45-54: 15.0%
Age 18-24: 23.7% Age 35-44: 17.7%
Age 25-34: 13.8%
Household Types The U.S. Census Bureau estimated there were 29,455 households in the report area in 2017. Single person households comprised of 27.02% of the total, two person households comprised 37.59% of the total, three person households comprised 13.62% of the total, four person households comprised 11.63% of the total, and larger households of 5 or more made up 10.14% of the total. Union County, PA has the most number of three person households with 1,503, while Snyder County, PA has the fewest in this report area with 1,483. Report Area
Total Households
1 Person
2 People
3 People
4 People
5 or More People
Report Location
29,455
7,959
11,072
4,011
3,427
2,986
Snyder County, PA
14,716
3,576
5,689
2,299
1,669
1,483
Union County, PA
14,739
4,383
5,383
1,712
1,758
1,503
Pennsylvania
5,025,132
1,484,446
1,755,068
772,641
614,184
398,793
United States
119,730,128
33,212,256
40,570,302
18,759,684
15,520,964
11,666,922
Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014‐2018. Source geography: county
Page 8 / 45
Household Types Report Location 5 or More People: 10.1% 1 Person: 27.0% 4 People: 11.6%
3 People: 13.6%
2 People: 37.6%
Household Types (Percent) Report Area
Total Households
1 Person
2 People
3 People
4 People
5 or More People
Report Location
29,455
27.02%
37.59%
13.62%
11.63%
10.14%
Snyder County, PA
14,716
24.30%
38.66%
15.62%
11.34%
10.08%
Union County, PA
14,739
29.74%
36.52%
11.62%
11.93%
10.20%
Pennsylvania
5,025,132
29.54%
34.93%
15.38%
12.22%
7.94%
United States
119,730,128
27.74%
33.88%
15.67%
12.96%
9.74%
Change in the Number of Households The change in number of households within the report area from 2000 to 2014/2018 is shown below. Total households for the report area increased by 2,623, or 9.78%, in those counties reported in the 2018 American Community Survey (ACS) 5‐year data. Union County, PA had the largest change with 1,561, while Snyder County, PA has the fewest in this report area with 1,062.
Report Area
Total Households (2000)
Total Households (2018)
Change in Households Percent Change
Report Location
26,832
29,455
2,623
9.78%
Snyder County, PA
13,654
14,716
1,062
7.78%
Union County, PA
13,178
14,739
1,561
11.85%
Pennsylvania
4,777,003
5,025,132
248,129
5.19%
United States
105,480,101
112,744,143
7,264,042
6.89%
Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. US Census Bureau, Decennial Census. 2014‐18. Source geography: County
Total Households by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 2,000 1,501 ‐ 2,000 1,001 ‐ 1,500 Under 1,001 No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location View larger map
Page 9 / 45
Percent Change 2000 - 2012/2016
0%
50%
Report Location (9.78%) Pennsylvania (5.19%) United States (6.89%)
Change in the Number of Households 12.5
10
%
7.5
5
2.5
0 Percent Change
Report Location
Pennsylvania
United States
Citizenship Status The table below shows the numbers and percent of population by citizenship status for the report area. According the American Community Survey Data, 2014‐2018, Union County, PA has the largest number of non‐Citizens with 656, while Snyder County, PA has the fewest number of non‐Citizens with 271. The report area has a total of 927 non‐Citizens, or 1.08% of the total population of 85,580 persons, in contrast to the Pennsylvania average of 3.21% of the population being non‐ citizens and the national average of 6.90% being non‐Citizens.
Report Area
Native
Born in
Born
a US
Abroad to
Territory
US Citizens
Naturalized
Non‐Citizen
Non‐Citizen, Percent
Report Location
82,510
732
422
989
927
1.08%
Snyder County, PA
39,573
74
198
350
271
0.67%
Union County, PA
42,937
658
224
639
656
1.45%
Pennsylvania
11,695,698
151,158
78,605
454,876
410,844
3.21%
United States
274,335,209
1,973,195
3,055,127
21,250,009
22,289,490
6.90%
Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014‐18. Source geography: county
Foreign‐Born Population (Non‐Citizen or Naturalized), Percent by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 5.0% 2.1 ‐ 5.0% 1.1 ‐ 2.0% Under 1.1% No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location
View larger map
Page 10 / 45
Citizenship Status Report Location Non-Citizen: 1.1% Naturalized: 1.2% Born in a US Territory: 0.9%
Native: 96.4%
Hispanic or Latino Citizens This indicator reports the citizenship status of the Hispanic or Latino population within the report area. Report Area
Native Born
Report Location
Native Born
Foreign Born
Foreign Born
3,051
3.57%
496
0.58%
708
1.75%
196
0.48%
2,343
5.19%
300
0.66%
Pennsylvania
704,039
5.50%
201,117
1.57%
United States
38,019,443
11.77%
19,498,492
6.04%
Snyder County, PA Union County, PA
Hispanic or Latino Citizens Report Location Foreign Born: 14.0%
Native Born: 86.0%
Hispanic or Latino Non‐Citizens This indicator reports the citizenship status of the Non‐Hispanic or Latino population within the report area. Report Area
Foreign Citizen
Foreign Citizen
Foreign Non‐Citizen
Foreign Non‐Citizen
Report Location
186
0.22%
310
0.36%
Snyder County, PA
122
0.30%
74
0.18%
Union County, PA
64
0.14%
236
0.52%
Pennsylvania
77,627
0.61%
123,490
0.97%
United States
7,044,668
2.18%
12,453,824
3.86%
Page 11 / 45
Hispanic or Latino Non-Citizens Report Location
Foreign Citizen: 37.5%
Foreign Non-Citizen: 62.5%
Population in Limited English Households This indicator reports the percentage of the population aged 5 and older living in Limited English speaking households. A “Limited English speaking household” is one in which no member 14 years old and over 985 speaks only English at home or 1.21% speaks a language other than English at home and speaks English “Very well.” This indicator is significant as it identifies households and populations that may need English‐language assistance.
Report Area
Total Population Age
Linguistically Isolated
Linguistically Isolated Population,
5+
Population
Percent
Report Location
81,350
985
1.21%
Snyder County, PA
38,340
628
1.64%
Union County, PA
43,010
357
0.83%
Pennsylvania
12,081,931
282,812
2.34%
United States
303,066,180
13,181,780
4.35%
Linguistically Isolated Population, Percent
0%
15%
Report Location (1.21%) Pennsylvania (2.34%) United States (4.35%)
Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014‐18. Source geography: Tract
Population in Linguistically Isolated Households, Percent by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 3.0% 1.1 ‐ 3.0% 0.1 ‐ 1.1% No Population in Linguistically Isolated Households No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location
View larger map
Urban and Rural Population This indicator reports the percentage of population living in urban and rural areas. Urban areas are identified using population density, count, and size thresholds. Urban areas also include territory with a high degree of impervious surface (development). Rural areas are all areas that are not urban. Of the report areas 84,649 population, 38,876 or 45.93% of the population is classified urban while 45,773 or 54.07% is rural.
Page 12 / 45
Report Area
Total Population
Urban Population
Rural Population
Urban Population, Percent
Rural Population, Percent
Report Location
84,649
38,876
45,773
45.93%
54.07%
Snyder County, PA
39,702
13,173
26,529
33.18%
66.82%
Union County, PA
44,947
25,703
19,244
57.19%
42.81%
Pennsylvania
12,702,379
9,991,287
2,711,092
78.66%
21.34%
United States
312,471,327
252,746,527
59,724,800
80.89%
19.11%
Data Source: US Census Bureau, Decennial Census. 2010. Source geography: Tract
Urban Population, Percent by Tract, US Census 2010 100% Urban Population 90.1 ‐ 99.9% 50.1 ‐ 90.0% Under 50.1% No Urban Population No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location
View larger map
Rural Population, Total by Age Group This indicator reports the total rural population of the report area by age group. Report Area
Population Under Age 18
Report Location
Population Age 18‐64
Population Age 65 +
11,437
27,686
6,650
Snyder County, PA
6,624
16,030
3,875
Union County, PA
4,813
11,656
2,775
Pennsylvania
599,639
1,670,861
440,592
United States
13,907,394
36,734,957
9,082,449
Rural Population, Total by Age Group Report Location Population Age 65 +: 14.5% Population Under Age 18: 25.0%
Population Age 18-64: 60.5%
Rural Population, Percent by Age Group
Page 13 / 45
Report Area
Population Under Age 18
Population Age 18â&#x20AC;?64
Population Age 65 +
Report Location
66.48%
50.66%
51.96%
Snyder County, PA
74.48%
64.99%
63.07%
Union County, PA
57.92%
38.88%
41.70%
Pennsylvania
21.48%
21.01%
22.49%
United States
18.52%
18.69%
22.26%
Rural Population, Percent by Age Group 80
%
60
40
20
0 Population Under Age 18
Population Age 18-64
Report Location
Pennsylvania
Population Age 65 +
United States
Rural Population, Total by Race Alone This indicator reports the total rural population of the report area by race alone. Report Area
White
Black or African
Native American or Alaska
American
Native
Asian
Native Hawaiian or Pacific
Some Other
Multiple
Islander
Race
Race
Report Location
44,810
306
40
145
12
102
358
Snyder County, PA
26,059
145
19
66
4
51
185
Union County, PA
18,751
161
21
79
8
51
173
Pennsylvania
2,629,898
27,880
3,796
12,615
567
12,555
23,781
United States
52,457,879
3,533,008
1,043,048 399,200
40,683
Rural Population, Total by Race Alone Report Location Multiple Race: 0.8% Asian: 0.3% Black or African American: 0.7%
White: 97.9%
Rural Population, Percent by Race Alone Page 14 / 45
1,242,870 1,008,112
This indicator reports the percentage of rural population in the report area by race alone. Report Area
White
Report Location
Black or African
Native American or Alaska
American
Native
Asian
Native Hawaiian or Pacific
Some Other
Multiple
Islander
Race
Race
57.53%
8.16%
18.87% 19.70%
40.00%
10.30%
34.46%
Snyder County, 67.73% PA
33.88%
35.85% 30.84%
66.67%
25.76%
56.57%
Union County, PA
47.57%
4.84%
13.21% 15.13%
33.33%
6.44%
24.30%
Pennsylvania
25.27%
2.02%
14.14%
3.61%
15.52%
4.17%
10.00%
United States
23.17%
8.97%
35.33%
2.72%
7.53%
6.41%
11.04%
Rural Population, Percent by Race Alone 80
%
60
40
20
0 White
Black or African American
Native American or Alaska Native
Asian
Report Location
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander
Pennsylvania
Some Other Race
Multiple Race
United States
Poverty Poverty 2018 poverty estimates show a total of 8,627 persons living below the poverty level in the report area. Poverty information is at 100% of the federal poverty income guidelines. Union County, PA had the highest poverty rate (12.6%), while Snyder County, PA had the lowest poverty rate (10.7%).
Report Area
All Ages
All Ages
No of Persons Poverty Rate
Age 0‐17
Age 0‐17
Age 5‐17
Age 5‐17
No of Persons
Poverty Rate
No of Persons
Poverty Rate
Report Location
8,627
10.08%
2,297
13.82%
1,570
12.67%
Snyder County, PA
4,052
10.7%
1,253
15.1%
848
13.8%
Union County, PA
4,575
12.6%
1,044
13.1%
722
12.2%
Pennsylvania
1,517,936
12.2%
433,329
16.7%
302,127
15.9%
United States
41,852,315
12.96%
12,997,532
17.67%
8,930,152
16.62%
Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, Small Area Income & Poverty Estimates. 2018. Source geography: County
Page 15 / 45
All Ages Poverty Rate
0%
50%
Report Location (10.08%) Pennsylvania (12.2%) United States (12.96%)
Population Below the Poverty Level, Percent by County, SAIPE 2018 Under 12% 12.01% ‐ 16% 16.01% ‐ 22% 22.01% ‐ 30% Over 30% Report Location View larger map
Poverty 15
%
10
5
0 Poverty Rate
Report Location
Pennsylvania
United States
Poverty Rate (ACS) The table below shows the total population estimates for all persons in poverty for the report area. According to the American Community Survey 5 year averages, an average of 10.94% of all persons lived in a state of poverty during the 2018 calendar year. The poverty rate for all persons living in the report area is less than the Pennsylvania average of 12.75%. Union County, PA had the highest poverty rate (11.29%), while Snyder County, PA had the lowest poverty rate (10.61%). Population in Poverty, Percent
Report Area
Total Population
Population in Poverty
Population in Poverty, Percent
Report Location
74,084
8,105
10.94%
Snyder County, PA
38,139
4,046
10.61%
Union County, PA
35,945
4,059
11.29%
Pennsylvania
12,380,149
1,578,949
12.75%
United States
314,943,184
44,257,979
14.05%
0%
25%
Report Location (10.94%) Pennsylvania (12.75%) United States (14.05%)
Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014‐18. Source geography: Tract
Population Below the Poverty Level, Percent by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 20.0% 15.1 ‐ 20.0% 10.1 ‐ 15.0% Under 10.1% No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location View larger map
Population in Poverty by Gender Page 16 / 45
This indicator reports the population in poverty in the report area by gender. Report Area
Male
Female
Male, Percent
Female, Percent
Report Location
3,538
4,567
9.69%
12.16%
Snyder County, PA
1,737
2,309
9.16%
12.04%
Union County, PA
1,801
2,258
10.26%
12.28%
Pennsylvania
699,113
879,836
11.59%
13.86%
United States
19,737,150
24,520,829
12.80%
15.26%
Population in Poverty by Gender 20
%
15
10
5
0 Male, Percent
Female, Percent
Report Location
Pennsylvania
United States
Population in Poverty by Ethnicity Alone This indicator reports the population in poverty in the report area by ethnicity alone. Report Area Report Location
Hispanic or Latino
Not Hispanic or Latino
Hispanic or Latino, Percent
Not Hispanic or Latino, Percent
1,053
7,052
48.50%
9.81%
Snyder County, PA
154
3,892
19.42%
10.42%
Union County, PA
899
3,160
65.24%
9.14%
Pennsylvania
255,905
1,323,044
29.35%
11.50%
United States
11,849,315
32,408,664
21.02%
12.53%
Population in Poverty by Ethnicity Alone 60
%
40
20
0 Hispanic / Latino
Not Hispanic / Latino
Report Location
Pennsylvania
United States
Population in Poverty Race Alone, Percent This indicator reports the percentage of population in poverty in the report area by race alone. Page 17 / 45
Report Area Report Location
White
Black or African
Native American or Alaska
American
Native
Asian
10.00%
37.81%
17.74%
Snyder County, 10.40% PA
32.79%
0.00%
Union County, PA
9.57%
41.21%
22.00%
3.34%
Pennsylvania
9.97%
26.89%
United States
11.64%
24.19%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific
Some Other
Multiple
Islander
Race
Race
2.11%
0.00%
65.39%
27.39%
31.35%
12.92%
0.00%
75.92%
40.05%
26.57% 14.34%
21.90%
32.48%
23.25%
25.84% 11.55%
18.29%
22.58%
17.51%
0.00% No data
Population in Poverty Race Alone, Percent 75
%
50
25
0 White
Black or African American
Native American or Alaska Native
Report Location
Asian
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander
Pennsylvania
Some Other Race
Multiple Race
United States
Population in Poverty by Race Alone, Total This indicator reports the total population in poverty in the report area by race alone. Report Area
Nonâ&#x20AC;?Hispanic
Black or African
Native American or
White
American
Alaska Native
Asian
Native Hawaiian or
Some Other
Multiple
Pacific Islander
Race
Race
Report Location
7,130
231
11
12
0
512
209
Snyder County, PA
3,861
81
0
0
0
58
46
Union County, PA
3,269
150
11
12
0
454
163
Pennsylvania
1,001,718
360,801
6,221
59,228
858
81,055
69,068
United States
26,730,734
9,490,587
673,665 1,989,768
103,304
Page 18 / 45
3,497,625 1,772,296
Population in Poverty by Race Alone, Total Report Location Multiple Race: 2.6% Some Other Race: 6.3% Asian: 0.1% Black or African American: 2.9%
White: 88.0%
Poverty Rate 185% (ACS) In the report area 26.41% or 19,565 individuals are living in households with income below 185% of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL). This indicator is relevant because poverty creates barriers to access including health services, healthy food, and other necessities that contribute to poor health status.
Report Area
Total
Population with Income at or Below
Percent Population with Income at or Below
Population
185% FPL
185% FPL
Report Location
74,084
19,565
26.41%
Snyder County, PA
38,139
10,433
27.36%
Union County, PA
35,945
9,132
25.41%
Pennsylvania
12,380,149
3,279,938
26.49%
United States
314,943,184
92,202,319
29.28%
Percent Population with Income at or Below 185% FPL
0%
100%
Report Location (26.41%) Pennsylvania (26.49%) United States (29.28%)
Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014‐18. Source geography: Tract
Population Below 185% Poverty Level, Percent by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 43.0% 35.1 ‐ 43.0% 27.1 ‐ 35.0% Under 27.1% No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location View larger map
Poverty Rate 125% (ACS) In the report area 15.07% or 11,164 individuals are living in households with income below 125% of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL). This indicator is relevant because poverty creates barriers to access including health services, healthy food, and other necessities that contribute to poor health status.
Page 19 / 45
Report Area
Population, Total Population with Income at or Below 125% FPL
Population with Income at or Below 125% FPL, Percent
Report Location
74,084
11,164
15.07%
Snyder County, PA
38,139
5,904
15.48%
Union County, PA
35,945
5,260
14.63%
Pennsylvania
12,380,149
2,066,941
16.70%
United States
314,943,184
58,418,702
18.55%
Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014‐2018. Source geography: Tract
Family Poverty Rate 125% (ACS) In the report area 10.76% or 2,184 family households are living with income below 125% of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL). Report Area
Family Households, Total Families with Income at or Below 125% FPL Families with Income at or Below 125% FPL, Percent
Report Location
20,303
2,184
10.76%
Snyder County, PA
10,539
1,194
11.33%
Union County, PA
9,764
990
10.14%
Pennsylvania
3,232,070
377,610
11.68%
United States
78,697,103
10,803,905
13.73%
Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey.
Poverty Rate 50% (ACS) In the report area 4.82% or 3,574 individuals are living in households with income below 50% of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL). This indicator is relevant because poverty creates barriers to access including health services, healthy food, and other necessities that contribute to poor health status.
Report Area
Total
Population with Income at or Below
Percent Population with Income at or Below
Population
50% FPL
50% FPL
Report Location
74,084
3,574
4.82%
Snyder County, PA
38,139
1,636
4.29%
Union County, PA
35,945
1,938
5.39%
Pennsylvania
12,380,149
715,672
5.78%
United States
314,943,184
19,682,659
6.25%
Percent Population with Income at or Below 50% FPL
0%
20%
Report Location (4.82%) Pennsylvania (5.78%) United States (6.25%)
Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014‐18. Source geography: Tract
Population Below 50% Poverty Level, Percent by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 9.0% 6.1 ‐ 9.0% 3.1 ‐ 6.0% Under 3.1% No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location View larger map
Page 20 / 45
Households in Poverty The table below shows the number and percentage of households in poverty based on the Poverty Thresholds in the report area. In 2018, it is estimated that there were 3,076 households, or 10.44%, living in poverty within the report area, compared to a Pennsylvania average of 12.3%. Union County, PA had the highest poverty rate (11.0%), while Snyder County, PA had the lowest poverty rate (9.9%).
Report Area
Total Households
Households
Percent Households
in Poverty
in Poverty
Percent Households in Poverty
Report Location
29,455
3,076
10.44%
Snyder County, PA
14,716
1,452
9.9%
Union County, PA
14,739
1,624
11.0%
Pennsylvania
5,025,132
620,019
12.3%
United States
119,730,128
16,027,481
13.4%
0%
50%
Report Location (10.44%) Pennsylvania (12.3%) United States (13.4%)
Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014‐18. Source geography: County
Households Living Below the Poverty Level, Percent by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 20.0% 15.1 ‐ 20.0% 10.1 ‐ 15.0% Under 10.1% No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location
View larger map
Households in Poverty 15
%
10
5
0 Percent Households in Poverty
Report Location
Pennsylvania
United States
Households in Poverty by Family Type The below table shows the number of households in poverty by type in the report area. In this area, there are 680 married couples living in poverty, compared to 827 female headed households in poverty. In 2018, it is estimated that there were 3,076 households, family and non‐family, living in poverty within the report area. At 363 households, Snyder County, PA had the lowest number of female‐headed households in poverty while Union County, PA had the largest number of female‐headed households in poverty with 464.
Page 21 / 45
Report Area
Total
Households
Non‐Family Households in Poverty ‐
Households
in Poverty
Including Persons Living Alone
Married
Male Head of
Couples in
Household in
Poverty
Poverty
Female Head of Household in Poverty
Report Location
20,303
3,076
1,484
680
85
827
Snyder County, PA
10,539
1,452
640
399
50
363
Union County, PA
9,764
1,624
844
281
35
464
3,232,070
620,019
339,831
91,007
31,991
157,190
78,697,103
16,027,481
8,096,782
2,907,148
843,489
4,180,062
Pennsylvania United States
Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014‐18. Source geography: County
Married Family Households Living Below the Poverty Level, Percent by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 9.0% 6.1 ‐ 9.0% 3.1 ‐ 6.0% Under 3.1% No Married Families Reported No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location
View larger map
Households in Poverty by Family Type Report Location
Female Householder: 26.9%
Non-Family Households: 48.2%
Male Householder: 2.8%
Married Couples: 22.1%
Household Poverty Rate by Family Type The table below shows percentage of households in poverty by household type in the report area. In 2018, it is estimated that 5.4% of households in poverty were family type, while 5.04% were non‐family. At 9.87%, Snyder County, PA had the lowest percentage of households in poverty while Union County, PA had the largest percent with 11.02%.
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Household in Poverty Percent
Report Area
Total
Households
Households
in Poverty
Household
Family
Family
in Poverty Households Percent
in Poverty
Household in Poverty Percent
Non‐Family
Non‐Family
Households
Household in
in Poverty
Poverty Percent 0%
Report Location
29,455
3,076
10.44%
1,592
5.40%
1,484
5.04%
Snyder County, PA
14,716
1,452
9.87%
812
5.52%
640
4.35%
Union County, PA
14,739
1,624
11.02%
780
5.29%
844
5.73%
5,025,132
620,019
12.34%
280,188
5.58%
339,831
6.76%
119,730,128 16,027,481
13.39%
7,930,699
6.62%
8,096,782
6.76%
Pennsylvania United States
50%
Report Location (10.44%) Pennsylvania (12.34%) United States (13.39%)
Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014‐18. Source geography: County
Family Households Living Below the Poverty Level, Percent by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 15.0% 11.1 ‐ 15.0% 7.1 ‐ 11.0% Under 7.1% No Family Households Reported No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location
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Household Poverty Rate by Family Type Report Location
Non-Family Households: 48.2% Family Households: 51.8%
Poverty Rate Change Poverty rate change in the report area from 2000 to 2018 is shown below. According to the U.S. Census, the poverty rate for the area increased by 1.89%, compared to a national increase of 1.8%. Union County, PA experienced the greatest change in poverty, increasing by 2.4% from 2000‐2018 and Snyder County, PA experienced the least amount of change, increasing by 1.4%.
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Report Area
Persons in Poverty Poverty Rate Persons in Poverty Poverty Rate Change in Poverty Rate 2000
2000
2018
2018
Change in Poverty Rate 2000-2018
2000‐2018
Report Location
6,707
9.74%
8,627
11.63%
1.89%
Snyder County, PA
3,300
9.3%
4,052
10.7%
1.4%
Union County, PA
3,407
10.2%
4,575
12.6%
2.4%
Pennsylvania
1,135,928
9.5%
1,517,936
12.2%
2.7%
United States
31,581,086
11.3%
41,852,315
13.1%
1.8%
0%
50%
Report Location (1.89%) Pennsylvania (2.7%) United States (1.8%)
Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, Small Area Income & Poverty Estimates. 2018. Source geography: county
Population Below the Poverty Level, Percent by County, SAIPE 2018 Under 12% 12.01% ‐ 16% 16.01% ‐ 22% 22.01% ‐ 30% Over 30% Report Location View larger map
Poverty Rate Change 3
%
2
1
0 Poverty Rate Change
Report Location
Pennsylvania
United States
Child (0‐17) Poverty Rate Change Poverty rate change for children ages 0 ‐ 17 in the report area from 2009 to 2018 is shown below. According to the U.S. Census, the poverty rate for the area was 14.1% in 2018 and was 18.1% in 2009.
Report Area
Poverty
Poverty
Poverty
Poverty
Poverty
Poverty
Poverty
Poverty
Poverty
Poverty
Age 0‐17
Age 0‐17
Age 0‐17
Age 0‐17
Age 0‐17
Age 0‐17
Age 0‐17
Age 0‐17
Age 0‐17
Age 0‐17
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Report Location
18.1%
17.3%
17.8%
18.1%
17.8%
17.7%
15.9%
16.8%
15.0%
14.1%
Snyder County, PA
21.6%
18.3%
18.9%
19.8%
19.2%
20.3%
18%
19.8%
16.2%
15.1%
Union County, PA
14.3%
16.2%
16.7%
16.3%
16.4%
14.9%
13.6%
13.5%
13.6%
13.1%
Pennsylvania
17.1%
18.9%
19.4%
19.6%
19.2%
19.2%
19.1%
18.4%
16.9%
16.7%
United States
20%
21.6%
22.5%
22.6%
22.2%
21.7%
20.7%
19.5%
18.4%
18%
Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, Small Area Income & Poverty Estimates. 2018. Source geography: county
Page 24 / 45
Population Below the Poverty Level, Children (Age 0‐18), Percent by County, SAIPE 2018 Under 14% 14.1% ‐ 18% 18.1% ‐ 22% 22.1% ‐ 30% Over 30% Report Location
View larger map
Child (0-17) Poverty Rate Change 25
22.5
%
20
17.5
15
12.5 2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Report Location
2014
Pennsylvania
2015
2016
2017
2018
United States
Child (0‐17) Poverty Rate (ACS) Population and poverty estimates for children age 0‐17 are shown for the report area. According to the American Community Survey (ACS) 5 year data, an average of 15.8% of children lived in a state of poverty during the survey calendar year. The poverty rate for children living in the report area is less than the national average of 19.5%. Union County, PA had the lowest poverty rate at 13.6% while Snyder County, PA had the highest child poverty rate at 17.8%. Ages 0-17 Poverty Rate
Report Area Report Location
Ages 0‐17
Ages 0‐17
Ages 0‐17
Total Population
In Poverty
Poverty Rate
16,379
2,581
15.8%
Snyder County, PA
8,435
1,498
17.8%
Union County, PA
7,944
1,083
13.6%
Pennsylvania
2,628,648
475,463
18.1%
United States
72,382,641
14,117,014
19.5%
0%
50%
Report Location (15.8%) Pennsylvania (18.1%) United States (19.5%)
Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014‐18. Source geography: County
Population Below the Poverty Level, Children (Age 0‐17), Percent by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 30.0% 22.6 ‐ 30.0% 15.1 ‐ 22.5% Under 15.1% No Population Age 0‐17 Reported No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location
View larger map
Page 25 / 45
Child (0-17) Poverty Rate (ACS) 25
20
%
15
10
5
0 Ages 0-17 Poverty Rate
Report Location
Pennsylvania
United States
Children in Poverty by Gender: Age 0 â&#x20AC;? 17 Report Area
Total Male
Report Location
Total Female
Percent Male
Percent Female
1,306
1,275
15.54%
15.98%
Snyder County, PA
751
747
17.33%
18.22%
Union County, PA
555
528
13.64%
13.62%
Pennsylvania
241,741
233,722
17.99%
18.19%
United States
7,173,125
6,943,889
19.41%
19.60%
Children in Poverty by Gender: Age 0 - 17 25
20
%
15
10
5
0 Percent Male
Percent Female
Report Location
Pennsylvania
United States
Children in Poverty by Ethnicity Alone: Age 0 â&#x20AC;? 17 Report Area Report Location
Total Hispanic / Latino
Total Not Hispanic / Latino
Percent Hispanic / Latino
Percent Not Hispanic or Latino
404
2,177
57.96%
13.88%
Snyder County, PA
96
1,402
34.66%
17.19%
Union County, PA
308
775
73.33%
10.30%
Pennsylvania
114,048
361,415
37.23%
15.56%
United States
5,127,592
8,989,422
28.36%
16.55%
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Children in Poverty by Ethnicity Alone: Age 0 - 17 80
%
60
40
20
0 Percent Hispanic / Latino
Percent Not Hispanic or Latino
Report Location
Pennsylvania
United States
Children in Poverty by Race Alone, Percent: Age 0 ‐ 17 Report Area
Non‐Hispanic
Black or African
Native American / Alaska
White
American
Native
Asian
Report Location
13.56%
52.34%
Snyder County, PA
16.60%
87.10% No data
Union County, PA
10.16%
38.16%
Pennsylvania
11.20%
36.74%
28.77% 13.68%
United States
11.69%
34.79%
33.21% 11.29%
0.00%
0.00%
Native Hawaiian / Pacific
Some Other
Multiple
Islander
Race
Race
0.00% No data
62.03%
20.61%
0.00% No data
75.86%
19.25%
0.00% No data
58.91%
22.60%
50.87%
42.43%
25.87%
24.79%
31.16%
19.64%
Children in Poverty by Race Alone, Percent: Age 0 - 17 80
%
60
40
20
0 Non-Hispanic White
Black or African American
Native American / Alaska Native
Asian
Report Location
Pennsylvania
Children in Poverty by Race Alone, Total: Age 0 ‐ 17
Page 27 / 45
Native Hawaiian / Pacific Islander
United States
Some Other Race
Multiple Race
Report Area
Non‐Hispanic
Black or African
Native American / Alaska
White
American
Native
Native Hawaiian / Pacific Some Other
Asian
Islander
Race
Multiple Race
Report Location
2,027
112
0
0
0
98
74
Snyder County, PA
1,310
54
0
0
0
22
41
717
58
0
0
0
76
33
Pennsylvania
198,623
130,602
1,625
12,583
292
32,995
39,351
United States
4,306,236
3,522,808
236,154 392,859
35,459
1,442,736
926,442
Union County, PA
Children in Poverty by Race Alone, Total: Age 0 - 17 Report Location Multiple Race: 3.2% Some Other Race: 4.2% Native American / Alaska Native: 0.0% Black or African American: 4.8%
Non-Hispanic White: 87.7%
Child (0‐4) Poverty Rate (ACS) Population and poverty estimates for children age 0‐4 are shown for the report area. According to the American Community Survey (ACS) 5 year data, an average of 20.2% of children lived in a state of poverty during the survey calendar year. The poverty rate for children living in the report area is less than the national average of 21.5%. Union County, PA had the lowest poverty rate at 17.5% while Snyder County, PA had the highest child poverty rate at 22.8%. Ages 0-4 Poverty Rate
Report Area
Ages 0‐4
Ages 0‐4
Ages 0‐4
Total Population
In Poverty
Poverty Rate
Report Location
4,183
844
20.2%
Snyder County, PA
2,108
481
22.8%
Union County, PA
2,075
363
17.5%
Pennsylvania
698,046
140,382
20.1%
United States
19,514,070
4,193,998
21.5%
0%
50%
Report Location (20.2%) Pennsylvania (20.1%) United States (21.5%)
Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014‐18. Source geography: County
Population Below the Poverty Level, Children (Age 0‐4), Percent by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 37.0% 27.1 ‐ 37.0% 17.1 ‐ 27.0% Under 17.1% No Population Age 0‐4 Reported No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location
View larger map
Page 28 / 45
Child (0-4) Poverty Rate (ACS) 30
%
20
10
0 Ages 0-4 Poverty Rate
Report Location
Pennsylvania
United States
Children in Poverty by Gender: Age 0 â&#x20AC;? 4 Report Area
Total Male
Total Female
Percent Male
Percent Female
Report Location
487
357
22.33%
17.83%
Snyder County, PA
244
237
21.90%
23.84%
Union County, PA
243
120
22.77%
11.90%
Pennsylvania
71,398
68,984
20.00%
20.23%
United States
2,133,564
2,060,434
21.38%
21.61%
Children in Poverty by Gender: Age 0 - 4 30
%
20
10
0 Percent Male
Percent Female
Report Location
Pennsylvania
United States
Children in Poverty by Ethnicity Alone: Age 0 â&#x20AC;? 4 Report Area Report Location
Total Hispanic / Latino
Total Not Hispanic / Latino
Percent Hispanic / Latino
Percent Not Hispanic or Latino
99
745
50.00%
18.70%
Snyder County, PA
7
474
9.09%
23.34%
Union County, PA
92
271
76.03%
13.87%
Pennsylvania
36,023
104,359
39.76%
17.18%
United States
1,520,861
2,673,137
30.05%
18.50%
Page 29 / 45
Children in Poverty by Ethnicity Alone: Age 0 - 4 60
%
40
20
0 Percent Hispanic / Latino
Percent Not Hispanic or Latino
Report Location
Pennsylvania
United States
Children in Poverty by Race Alone, Percent: Age 0 ‐ 4 Report Area
Non‐Hispanic
Black or African
Native American / Alaska
White
American
Native
Asian
Report Location
19.00%
31.40% No data
Snyder County, PA
23.47%
100.00% No data
Union County, PA
13.95%
28.92% No data
Pennsylvania
12.46%
38.64%
33.45% 12.95%
United States
13.07%
39.04%
38.14% 11.15%
Native Hawaiian / Pacific
Some Other
Multiple
Islander
Race
Race
0.00% No data No data
0.00%
No data
No data
0.00% No data
23.35% 10.17%
0.00%
30.56%
45.65%
46.25%
28.50%
27.60%
32.85%
21.16%
Children in Poverty by Race Alone, Percent: Age 0 - 4 60
%
40
20
0 Non-Hispanic White
Black or African American
Native American / Alaska Native
Asian
Report Location
Pennsylvania
Children in Poverty by Race Alone, Total: Age 0 ‐ 4
Page 30 / 45
Native Hawaiian / Pacific Islander
United States
Some Other Race
Multiple Race
Report Area
Non‐Hispanic
Black or African
Native American / Alaska
White
American
Native
Native Hawaiian / Pacific Some Other
Asian
Islander
Multiple
Race
Race
Report Location
715
27
0
0
0
0
39
Snyder County, PA
468
3
0
0
0
0
6
Union County, PA
247
24
0
0
0
0
33
Pennsylvania
56,591
37,452
492
3,085
63
10,148
14,106
United States
1,262,843
1,057,191
70,441 102,722
10,666
411,000
317,697
Children in Poverty by Race Alone, Total: Age 0 - 4 Report Location Multiple Race: 5.0% Native American / Alaska Native: 0.0% Asian: 0.0% Black or African American: 3.5%
Non-Hispanic White: 91.5%
Child (5‐17) Poverty Rate Change Poverty rate change for children ages 5 ‐ 17 in the report area from 2009 to 2018 is shown below. According to the U.S. Census, the poverty rate for the area was 13.0% in 2018 and was 16.8% in 2009.
Report Area
Poverty
Poverty
Poverty
Poverty
Poverty
Poverty
Poverty
Poverty
Poverty
Poverty
Age 5‐17
Age 5‐17
Age 5‐17
Age 5‐17
Age 5‐17
Age 5‐17
Age 5‐17
Age 5‐17
Age 5‐17
Age 5‐17
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Report Location
16.8%
16.3%
16.1%
17.0%
16.1%
16.0%
14.8%
14.7%
13.7%
13.0%
Snyder County, PA
20.1%
17.5%
17.5%
18.6%
17.4%
18.4%
17%
17.5%
15.1%
13.8%
Union County, PA
13.2%
15.1%
14.6%
15.4%
14.8%
13.5%
12.5%
11.8%
12.3%
12.2%
Pennsylvania
15.4%
17.5%
17.7%
17.9%
17.5%
17.8%
17.9%
17.2%
15.7%
15.9%
United States
18.2%
19.8%
20.8%
21%
20.8%
20.4%
19.5%
18.3%
17.3%
17%
Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, Small Area Income & Poverty Estimates. 2018. Source geography: county
Population Below the Poverty Level, Children (Age 5‐17), Percent by County, SAIPE 2018 Under 12% 12.1% ‐ 17% 17.1% ‐ 22% 22.1% ‐ 27% Over 27% Report Location
View larger map
Page 31 / 45
Child (5-17) Poverty Rate Change 22.5
%
20
17.5
15
12.5 2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Report Location
2014
Pennsylvania
2015
2016
2017
2018
United States
Child (5‐17) Poverty Rate (ACS) Population and poverty estimates for children age 5‐17 are shown for the report area. According to the American Community Survey (ACS) 5 year data, an average of 14.2% of children lived in a state of poverty during the survey calendar year. The poverty rate for children living in the report area is less than the national average of 18.8%. Union County, PA had the lowest poverty rate at 12.3% while Snyder County, PA had the highest child poverty rate at 16.1%. Ages 5-17 Poverty Rate
Report Area
Ages 5‐17
Ages 5‐17
Ages 5‐17
Total Population
In Poverty
Poverty Rate
Report Location
12,196
1,737
14.2%
Snyder County, PA
6,327
1,017
16.1%
Union County, PA
5,869
720
12.3%
Pennsylvania
1,930,602
335,081
17.4%
United States
52,868,571
9,923,016
18.8%
0%
50%
Report Location (14.2%) Pennsylvania (17.4%) United States (18.8%)
Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014‐18. Source geography: County
Population Below the Poverty Level, Children (Age 5‐17), Percent by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 29.0% 21.1 ‐ 29.0% 13.1 ‐ 21.0% Under 13.1% No Population Age 5‐17 Reported No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location
View larger map
Page 32 / 45
Child (5-17) Poverty Rate (ACS) 20
%
15
10
5
0 Ages 5-17 Poverty Rate
Report Location
Pennsylvania
United States
Children in Poverty by Gender: Age 5 â&#x20AC;? 17 Report Area
Total Male
Total Female
Percent Male
Percent Female
Report Location
819
918
13.17%
15.36%
Snyder County, PA
507
510
15.75%
16.41%
Union County, PA
312
408
10.40%
14.23%
Pennsylvania
170,343
164,738
17.26%
17.45%
United States
5,039,561
4,883,455
18.68%
18.86%
Children in Poverty by Gender: Age 5 - 17 20
%
15
10
5
0 Percent Male
Percent Female
Report Location
Pennsylvania
United States
Children in Poverty by Ethnicity Alone: Age 5 â&#x20AC;? 17 Report Area Report Location
Total Hispanic / Latino
Total Not Hispanic / Latino
Percent Hispanic / Latino
Percent Not Hispanic or Latino
305
1,432
61.12%
12.24%
Snyder County, PA
89
928
44.50%
15.15%
Union County, PA
216
504
72.24%
9.05%
Pennsylvania
78,025
257,056
36.17%
14.99%
United States
3,606,731
6,316,285
27.71%
15.85%
Page 33 / 45
Children in Poverty by Ethnicity Alone: Age 5 - 17 80
%
60
40
20
0 Percent Hispanic / Latino
Percent Not Hispanic or Latino
Report Location
Pennsylvania
United States
Children in Poverty by Race Alone, Percent: Age 5 ‐ 17 Report Area
Non‐Hispanic
Black or African
Native American / Alaska
White
American
Native
Report Location
11.73%
66.41%
Snyder County, PA
14.27%
86.44% No data
0.00%
Asian
Native Hawaiian / Pacific
Some Other
Multiple
Islander
Race
Race
0.00% No data
70.00%
18.23%
0.00% No data
75.86%
22.73%
0.00% No data
68.47%
0.00%
Union County, PA
8.88%
49.28%
Pennsylvania
10.76%
36.03%
27.12% 13.94%
52.52%
40.93%
24.60%
United States
11.19%
33.24%
31.47% 11.35%
23.75%
30.53%
18.93%
0.00%
Children in Poverty by Race Alone, Percent: Age 5 - 17 75
%
50
25
0 Non-Hispanic White
Black or African American
Native American / Alaska Native
Asian
Report Location
Pennsylvania
Children in Poverty by Race Alone, Total: Age 5 ‐ 17
Page 34 / 45
Native Hawaiian / Pacific Islander
United States
Some Other Race
Multiple Race
Report Area
Nonâ&#x20AC;?Hispanic
Black or African
Native American / Alaska
White
American
Native
Report Location
Native Hawaiian / Pacific Some Other
Asian
Islander
Race
Multiple Race
1,312
85
0
0
0
98
35
Snyder County, PA
842
51
0
0
0
22
35
Union County, PA
470
34
0
0
0
76
0
Pennsylvania
142,032
93,150
1,133
9,498
229
22,847
25,245
United States
3,043,393
2,465,617
165,713 290,137
24,793
1,031,736
608,745
Children in Poverty by Race Alone, Total: Age 5 - 17 Report Location Multiple Race: 2.3% Some Other Race: 6.4% Native American / Alaska Native: 0.0% Black or African American: 5.6%
Non-Hispanic White: 85.8%
Children in Poverty (<200% FPL) In the report area 42.86% or 7,020 children are living in households with income below 200% of the Federal Poverty Level (FPL). This indicator is relevant because poverty creates barriers to access including health services, healthy food, and other necessities that contribute to poor health status. Percent Population Under Age 18 at or Below 200% FPL
Total Report Area
Population
Population Under Age 18 at or Below
Percent Population Under Age 18 at or
Under Age
200% FPL
Below 200% FPL
18 Report Location
0%
16,379
7,020
42.86%
Snyder County, PA
8,435
3,885
46.06%
Union County, PA
7,944
3,135
39.46%
Pennsylvania
2,628,648
990,658
37.69%
United States
72,382,641
29,845,052
41.23%
Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014â&#x20AC;?18. Source geography: Tract
Page 35 / 45
100%
Report Location (42.86%) Pennsylvania (37.69%) United States (41.23%)
Population Below 200% Poverty Level, Children (Age 0‐17), Percent by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 56.0% 47.1 ‐ 56.0% 38.1 ‐ 47.0% Under 38.1% No Population Age 0‐17 Reported No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location
View larger map
Number of Households Eligible for County Assistance Funding The table below shows the average monthly unduplicated number of persons eligible for medical assistance for the fiscal year 2016‐2017. According to the Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare for the area shown, there was a total of 3,163 persons eligible, or 10.8%, for medical assistance. This is compared to Pennsylvania's 20.32%. The highest number of persons eligible for TANF occurs in Union County, PA with 0.33%, while the lowest number occurs in Snyder County, PA with 0.23%. Report Area
Total
Households Eligible for County
Eligible for
Percent Eligible for
Eligible for
Percent Eligible for
Households
Assistance Funding
TANF
TANF
SNAP
SNAP
Report Location
29,278
3,163
82
0.28%
3,081
10.52%
Snyder County, PA
14,576
1,607
33
0.23%
1,574
10.80%
Union County, PA
14,702
1,556
49
0.33%
1,507
10.25%
5,007,442
1,017,722
59,349
1.19%
958,373
19.14%
Pennsylvania
Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. Pennsylvaina Department of Public Welfare. Source geography: County
Number of Households Eligible for County Assistance Funding 25
20
%
15
10
5
0 Percent Eligible for TANF
Percent Eligible for SNAP
Report Location
Pennsylvania
Seniors in Poverty (ACS) Population and poverty estimates for persons age 65 and up are shown for the report area. According to the American Community Survey (ACS) 5 year data, an average of 9.2% of people lived in a state of poverty during the survey calendar year. The poverty rate for people living in the report area is less than the national average of 9.3%. Union County, PA had the lowest poverty rate at 8.5% while Snyder County, PA had the highest senior poverty rate at 10.0%.
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Ages 65 and Up Poverty Rate
Report Area
Ages 65 and Up
Ages 65 and Up
Ages 65 and Up
Total Population
In Poverty
Poverty Rate
Report Location
14,265
1,315
9.2%
Snyder County, PA
7,045
703
10.0%
Union County, PA
7,220
612
8.5%
Pennsylvania
2,150,556
174,141
8.1%
United States
47,940,937
4,448,892
9.3%
0%
50%
Report Location (9.2%) Pennsylvania (8.1%) United States (9.3%)
Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014‐18. Source geography: county
Population Below the Poverty Level, Senior (Age 65+), Percent by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 17.0% 12.1 ‐ 17.0% 7.1 ‐ 12.0% Under 7.1% No Population Age 65+ Reported No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location
View larger map
Seniors in Poverty (ACS) 10
%
7.5
5
2.5
0 Ages 65 and Up Poverty Rate
Report Location
Pennsylvania
United States
Poverty by Gender: Age 65 and Up Report Area
Total Male
Total Female
Percent Male
Percent Female
Report Location
309
1,006
4.93%
12.58%
Snyder County, PA
199
504
6.37%
12.85%
Union County, PA
110
502
3.50%
12.32%
Pennsylvania
59,385
114,756
6.30%
9.50%
United States
1,589,822
2,859,070
7.45%
10.74%
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Poverty by Gender: Age 65 and Up 15
%
10
5
0 Percent Male
Percent Female
Report Location
Pennsylvania
United States
Poverty by Ethnicity Alone: Age 65 and Up Report Area
Total Hispanic / Latino
Total Not Hispanic / Latino
Percent Hispanic / Latino
Percent Not Hispanic or Latino
Report Location
40
1,275
31.25%
9.02%
Snyder County, PA
12
691
38.71%
9.85%
Union County, PA
28
584
28.87%
8.20%
Pennsylvania
11,369
162,772
24.60%
7.74%
United States
711,533
3,737,359
18.32%
8.48%
Poverty by Ethnicity Alone: Age 65 and Up 40
%
30
20
10
0 Percent Hispanic / Latino
Percent Not Hispanic or Latino
Report Location
Pennsylvania
United States
Poverty by Race Alone, Percent: Age 65 and Up Report Area
Nonâ&#x20AC;?Hispanic
Black or African
Native American / Alaska
White
American
Native
Asian
Native Hawaiian / Pacific
Some Other
Multiple
Islander
Race
Race
Report Location
9.12%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00% No data
No data
0.00%
Snyder County, PA
9.90%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00% No data
No data
0.00%
Union County, PA
8.34%
0.00% No data
0.00% No data
No data
0.00%
Pennsylvania
6.82%
17.38%
28.87% 14.03%
15.65%
29.15%
15.26%
United States
7.20%
16.89%
17.55% 12.79%
13.20%
21.13%
13.28%
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Poverty by Race Alone, Percent: Age 65 and Up 40
%
30
20
10
0 Non-Hispanic White
Black or African American
Native American / Alaska Native
Report Location
Asian
Native Hawaiian / Pacific Islander
Pennsylvania
Some Other Race
Multiple Race
United States
Poverty by Race Alone, Total: Age 65 and Up Report Area Report Location
Non‐Hispanic
Black or African
Native American / Alaska
White
American
Native
Native Hawaiian / Pacific Some Other
Asian
Islander
Race
Multiple Race
1,275
0
0
0
0
0
0
Snyder County, PA
691
0
0
0
0
0
0
Union County, PA
584
0
0
0
0
0
0
Pennsylvania
129,825
26,195
699
5,512
54
3,302
1,798
United States
2,667,743
723,383
45,719 266,568
6,338
180,553
68,636
Poverty by Race Alone, Total: Age 65 and Up Report Location Black or African American: 0.0% Native American / Alaska Native: 0.0% Asian: 0.0%
Non-Hispanic White: 100.0%
Number of Individuals Eligible for County Assistance Funding The table below shows the average monthly unduplicated number of persons eligible for services from the County Assistance Office for the fiscal year 2016‐2017. Of the report area's total population of 86,033, only 204 are eligible for Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF ‐ Case Assistance), less than 0.24% of the population. The highest number of persons eligible for Medical Assistance occurs in Snyder County, PA with 16.49%, while the lowest number occurs in Union County, PA with 12.62%.
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Report Area
Total
Persons Eligible for
Percent of
Receiving
Percent of Population
Population
Medical Assistance
Population Eligible
TANF
Receiving TANF
Eligible for Percent Eligible SNAP
for SNAP
Report Location
86,033
12,422
14.44%
204
0.24%
6,629
7.71%
Snyder County, PA
40,468
6,672
16.49%
80
0.20%
3,386
8.37%
Union County, PA
45,565
5,750
12.62%
124
0.27%
3,243
7.12%
Pennsylvania 25,568,454
5,660,568
22.14%
296,580
1.16% 3,726,341
14.57%
Data Source: Pennsylvaina Department of Public Welfare. Source geography: County
Number of Individuals Eligible for County Assistance Funding 25
20
%
15
10
5
0 Percent of Population Eligible
Percent of Population Receiving TANF
Report Location
Percent Eligible for SNAP
Pennsylvania
Persons Eligible for Medical Assistance The table below shows the average monthly unduplicated number of persons eligible for medical assistance for the fiscal year 2016â&#x20AC;?2017. According to the Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare for the area shown, there was a total of 12,423 persons eligible, or 14.44%, for medical assistance. This is compared to Pennsylvania's 22.14%. Percent Persons Eligible
Report Area
Total Population
Persons Eligible
Percent Persons Eligible
Report Location
86,033
12,423
14.44%
Snyder County, PA
40,468
6,672
16.49%
Union County, PA
45,565
5,750
12.62%
12,784,227
2,830,300
22.14%
Pennsylvania
0%
50%
Report Location (14.44%) Pennsylvania (22.14%)
Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: Pennsylvaina Department of Public Welfare. Source geography: County
Persons Eligible for Medical Assistance 25
20
%
15
10
5
0 Percent Persons Eligible
Report Location
Pennsylvania
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Supplemental Security Income The number of Supplemental Security Income recipients and expenditures in the report area are shown in below. The number of recipients in the area totaled 1,141 receiving $600,000 in payments with an average payment of $525.85 per month. At 535, Union County, PA had the lowest number of recipients, while Snyder County, PA had the greatest number at 606. Report Area
Total
Amount of Payments
Average Monthly
Recipients Under
Recipients Age
Recipients 65 or
Recipients
($1,000)
Payment
18
18â&#x20AC;?64
Older
Report Location
1,141
$600
$525.85
190
799
152
Snyder County, PA
606
$323
$533.00
99
434
73
Union County, PA
535
$277
$517.76
91
365
79
361,250
$212,837
$589.17
63,355
228,294
69,601
Pennsylvania
Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: United States Social Security Administration. Source geography: County
Supplemental Security Income Report Location Recipients 65 or Older: 13.3%
Recipients Under 18: 16.7%
Recipients Age 18-64: 70.0%
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) (formerly Food Stamp Program) Monthly Average Food Stamp Eligible Persons by County are shown for fiscal year 2016â&#x20AC;?2017. According to the Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare, the total number of eligible households for this report area is 3,081. The average monthly SNAP (Food Stamp) allocation for the report area is $214.51. The highest number is located in Snyder County, PA with 1,574 eligible households, this compares to the lowest number located in Union County, PA with 1,507 eligible households. NOTE: To be Food Stamp Eligible, individuals must meet both resource and income requirements as determined by the Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare. Income requirements include both gross and net income. To be eligible to receive food stamps, a person's gross income cannot exceed 160 percent of the poverty level nor can their net income exceed 100% of the poverty level. Report Area
Total Households
Households Eligible for SNAP
Total SNAP Payments
Average SNAP Payment per Households
Report Location
29,278
3,081
$660,905.58
$214.51
Snyder County, PA
14,576
1,574
$337,531
$214.51
Union County, PA
14,702
1,507
$323,374
$214.57
5,007,442
958,376
$226,222,989.19
$236.05
Pennsylvania
Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. Pennsylvaina Department of Public Welfare. Source geography: County
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Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) (formerly Food Stamp Program) 300
200
100
0 Average SNAP Payment per Households
Report Location
Pennsylvania
Households Receiving SNAP by Poverty Status (ACS) The table below shows that 29,455 households (or 10.28%) received Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) payments, formerly known as food stamps, during 2018. Of those 3,029 households, 51.67% or 1,565 households have at least one working family member and 36.88% or 1,117 are over the age of 60. Report Area
Total
Total Households
Households
Receiving SNAP
Percent
Report Location
29,455
3,029 10.28%
Snyder County, PA
14,716
1,447
Union County, PA
Income Below
Income Above
Family has at Least 1
Age 60 and
Poverty
Poverty
Working Member
Older
1,386
1,643
1,565
1,117
9.83%
596
851
792
437
14,739
1,582 10.73%
790
792
773
680
5,025,132
663,466 13.20%
313,840
349,626
315,701
229,466
United States 119,730,128
14,635,287 12.22%
7,090,216
7,545,071
7,946,145
4,699,590
Pennsylvania
Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey. 2014‐18. Source geography: County
Households Receiving SNAP Benefits, Percent by Tract, ACS 2014‐18 Over 19.0% 14.1 ‐ 19.0% 9.1 ‐ 14.0% Under 9.1% No Data or Data Suppressed Report Location View larger map
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Households Receiving SNAP by Poverty Status (ACS) 20M
15M
10M
5M
0 Total Households Receiving SNAP
Family has at Least 1 Working Member
Report Location
Pennsylvania
Age 60 and Older
United States
Non‐Hispanic Households Receiving SNAP (ACS) Report Area
Total Receiving SNAP
Percent of Non‐Hispanic Receiving SNAP
Report Location
2,816
9.76%
Snyder County, PA
1,431
9.83%
Union County, PA
1,385
9.68%
Pennsylvania
574,535
12.04%
United States
11,428,037
10.97%
White Non‐Hispanic Households Receiving SNAP (ACS) Report Area
Total Receiving SNAP
Percent of White Non‐Hispanic Receiving SNAP
Report Location
2,721
9.57%
Snyder County, PA
1,412
9.80%
Union County, PA
1,309
9.34%
Pennsylvania
383,826
9.40%
United States
6,739,271
8.28%
Hispanic Households Receiving SNAP (ACS) Report Area Report Location
Total Receiving SNAP
Percent of Hispanic Receiving SNAP 213
35.92%
Snyder County, PA
16
9.76%
Union County, PA
197
45.92%
Pennsylvania
88,931
34.94%
United States
3,207,250
20.66%
Low‐Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP), Cash Grants The table below shows the number of approved applications and dollars spent in cash grants for the Low‐Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP) which helps low‐income families, typically with a one‐time payment to help pay their heating bill during the winter months. For the fiscal year 2016‐2017, the total approved applications were 1,764 with an average one‐time payment of $248.61. Cash payments amounts include one supplemental cash payment issued during the program year. Union County, PA received the most dollars spent on cash grants with a total of $224,715, while Snyder County, PA had the lowest with $213,827. Page 43 / 45
Report Area
Number of Approved Applications
Report Location
Dollars Spent
Average Grant Amount
1,764
$438,542
$248.61
Snyder County, PA
854
$213,827
$250.38
Union County, PA
910
$224,715
$246.94
348,680
$90,600,998
$259.84
Pennsylvania Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: Pennsylvaina Department of Public Welfare. Source geography: County
Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP), Cash Grants 300
200
100
0 Average Grant Amount
Report Location
Pennsylvania
Low‐Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP), Crisis Grants The table below shows the number of approved applications for the Low‐Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP) and dollars spent in crisis grants for energy assistance in the report area. For the fiscal year 2016‐2017, the total approved applications were 727 grants for an average grant amount of $340.42. Crisis funds can be used for two purposes. To repair a furnace or heating system for an eligible household during the winter months if the heating system is not working or if the family has almost run out of their supply of main heating fuel (coal, fuel oil, wood, etc.). Report Area
Number of Approved Applications
Dollars Spent
Average Grant Amount
Report Location
727
$247,482
$340.42
Snyder County, PA
417
$145,602
$349.17
Union County, PA
310
$101,880
$328.65
98,557
$33,736,421
$342.30
Pennsylvania Note: This indicator is compared to the state average. Data Source: Pennsylvaina Department of Public Welfare. Source geography: County
Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP), Crisis Grants 400
300
200
100
0 Average Grant Amount
Report Location
Pennsylvania
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https://caap.engagementnetwork.org, 9/23/2020
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