INTRODUCTION The feature common to these acts, apart from their inhuman aspects, was that they affected " t o an almost exclusive degree the civilian non-combatant population," and the effect was to bring "the entire world to a realization of the menace involved in the existence of a government acting autocratically, without any responsibility to the people, and, therefore, without control." • After the war had been in progress for a. year there grew up a conviction that no punishment could adequately fit the crimes of Germany. The rape of Belgium; the sinking of the Lusitania and of other ships that carried women and children to their ocean graves; the pillage, destruction, and desecration of sacred shrines; the cold-blooded murder of the helpless; the handing over of innocent girls to a fate worse than death—all were "made in Germany." Before the war ended, Germany had in consequence arrayed against her thirty sovereign states, great and small, and the words "made in Germany!" for years to come were to stand as a memorial of her incredible violations of law. Besides these thirty states there were six which had severed relations with Germany, or were in "a state of benevolent neutrality toward the United States." Following is a list of these states: ENTENTE BELLIGERENTS
Serbia Montenegro Russia France Belgium Great Britain Japan'
Portugal Italy Arabia (Hejaz) San Marino . Roumania Monaco United States Brazil
Cuba China Panama Siam Haiti Liberia Dominican Republic Ecuador Greece Costa Rica Nicaragua Czecho-Slavs Guatemala Jugo-Slavs Honduras
SEVERED RELATIONS WITH GERMANY, OR WERE BENEVOLENTLY NEUTRAL TOWABD THE UNITED STATES
Chile Bolivia
Argentina Uruguay
Peru Egypt
In Professor Jastrow's opinion, Germany, in her conduct of the war was responsible for the new situation that arose '
26