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peer-to-peer file sharing (cont.) four types of, 68–69, 296–97 infringement protections in, 73–74, 181–82 participation levels of, 67, 313n piracy vs., 66–79 reform proposals of copyright restraints on, 296–304 regulatory balance lost in, 125, 206–7 shoplifting vs., 179–80 total legalization of, 180 zero-tolerance of, 180–82 Peer-to-Peer Piracy Prevention Act, 324n permission culture: free culture vs., xiv, 8, 173 transaction burdens of, 192–93 permissions: coded controls vs., 149–53 photography exempted from, 33–35 for use of film clips, 100–107 see also copyright pharmaceutical patents, 258–61, 328n phonograph, 55 photocopying machines, 171 photography, 31–35 Picker, Randal C., 324n piracy: in Asia, 63, 64, 65, 302 commercial, 62–66, 313n derivative work vs., 22–24, 25–29, 138–39, 141 in development of content industry, 53–61, 312n of intangible property, 64, 71, 179–80 international, 63–64 profit reduction as criterion of, 66–71, 73 p2p file sharing vs., 66–79 uncritical rejection of, 183–84 player pianos, 55, 56, 75 PLoS (Public Library of Science), 262, 281–82 Pogue, David, xiii political discourse, 41, 42–45 Politics (Aristotle), 150 Porgy and Bess, 233 pornography, 233, 325n positive law, 86, 90
power, concentration of, xv, 12 Prelinger, Rick, 112 Princeton University, 51 privacy rights, 205, 277–79 Progress Clause, 130–31, 215, 218, 232, 236, 243–44 prohibition, citizen rebellion against, 199–207 Promises to Keep (Fisher), 301 property rights: air traffic vs., 1–3, 294 as balance of public good vs. private interests, 172–73, 322n copyright vs., 83–84, 172–73 feudal system of, 267 formalities associated with, 287–88 intangibility of, 84, 315n Takings Clause on, 119 see also copyright; creative property; intellectual property rights proprietary code, 279–80 protectionism, of artists vs. business interests, 9 p2p file sharing, see peer-to-peer (p2p) file sharing Public Citizen, 232 public domain: access fees for material in, 281 balance of U.S. content in, 133, 170–72, 318n–19n content industry opposition to, 253–56 defined, 24 e-book restrictions on, 148–50, 152–53 English legal establishment of, 93 films in, 223–25, 254 future patents vs. future copyrights in, 134–35, 214 legal murkiness on, 185–86 library of works derived from, 213–14 license system for rebuilding of, 281–86 protection of, 220–21 p2p sharing of work in, 73 public projects in, 262–63 traditional term for conversion to, 24–25 Public Enemy, 285 Public Library of Science (PloS), 262, 281–82
342 INDEX
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