Tuesday March 1st 2022
Online Catalogue LXXV
MARCH issue
WHO WE ARE The Tribal Art Society features an online catalogue every month listing quality works of Asian art that have been thoroughly vetted by our select members, who are the in-house experts. By bringing together a group of trusted dealers specializing in Tribal art, our platform offers a unique collection of works of art that collectors will not find anywhere else online. To ensure the highest standards, gallery membership is by invitation only and determined by a selection committee.
/TribalArtSociety Cover Image: Trio of knives. Presented by Granier I Ancient on p. 46
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TAS selection UP TO 2.000
6 98
4 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH ARTWORKS
Pieces are published and changed each month. The objects are presented with a full description and corresponding dealer’s contact information. Unlike auction sites or other platforms, we empower collectors to interact directly with the member dealers for enquiries and purchases by clicking on the e-mail adress. In order to guarantee the quality of pieces available in the catalogues, objects are systematically validated by all our select mebers, who are the inhouse experts. Collectors are therefore encouraged to decide and buy with complete confidence. In addition to this, the Tribal Art Society proposes a seven-day full money back return policy should the buyer not feel totally satisfied with a purchase. Feel free to ask the price if the artwork is listed with a price on request.
MARCH 2022 - 5
6 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 7
01
ANDAMAN BOW
Bow Andaman Islands 19th century Carved wood Height: 150 cm Peter Petrou collection, U.K. Price: 8.000 euros
This bow has an exceptional purity of forms. The upper and lower sections feature paddle-like blades, while a thin handle can be seen at the center of the bow. The deep patina attests to the age and use of this refined bow. The first European traveler who mentioned the Andamans Islands was none other than Marco Polo who described them unflatteringly as « the land of the head-choppers » in 1298! Bid the mid-19th century, the British seized the Andaman Islands and united them with the Nicobar Islands before turning the Andaman Islands into a penal colony. Decimated by foreign diseases, and later deported to India, the native population dwindled and verged on extinction by the turn of the 20th century. The total Andaman population was estimated to 700 inhabitants by 1950. Today, the tribe has been reduced to some 50 people, with less than 50% of them adults.
Object Presented by: Julien Flak M.: +33 6 84 52 81 36 E.: contact@galerieflak.com W.: www.galerieflak.com
8 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 9
10 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
02
Dance shield
Dance shield Fianarantsoa, Madagascar Late 19th century – Early 20th century Wood and ox skin Diam.: 43 cm Provenance: J.B. Sevette collection, Switzerland Price: 8.000 euros
Object Presented by: David Serra T.: +34 (0) 667525597 E.: galeria@davidserra.es W.: www.davidserra.es
MARCH 2022 - 11
12 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 13
14 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 15
03
Songye figure
Power figure Songye D.R. of the Congo Wood, brass and copper nails, metal, animal skin, horn, glass beads Height: 29,5 cm Provenance: French private collection, acquired on the market in the 1980’s Price:
SOLD
Object Presented by: Nicolas Rolland M.: +33 (0)6 19 89 80 32 E.: contact@nicolasrolland.fr W. : www.nicolasrolland.fr
16 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
04
ERE IBEJI TWIN FIGURES
Ere Ibeji Omu Aran style Yoruba Igbomina area, Nigeria Early 20th century Carved wood, pigments and beads Height: 28 cm and 29 cm Provenance: Adamou Mama collection, Togo Peter Loebarth collection, Germany (acquired from the above in the 1970s) Dos Winkel collection, Netherlands Leon Meizlik collection, New York Price: 6.500 euros
Object Presented by: Julien Flak M.: +33 6 84 52 81 36 E.: contact@galerieflak.com W.: www.galerieflak.com
The statuettes linked to twin worship, are called ere ibeji in the Yoruba language: ere signifying a sacred image, ibi born and eji a double. Symbols of prestige, wealth and fecundity, ere ibeji figures also guaranteed the perpetuation of future generations. These effigies of ancestors were an integral part of everyday activities, punctuating the family life of the Yoruba. Subject to very codified rituals, ere ibeji figures were pampered, with their care including feeding, washing and oiling. They were considered to be living beings, a reincarnation of ancestor-twins. Representations always showed them at the peak of their strength and power in adulthood. This pair of Ibeji figures will be part of our selection of ancient arts of Africa on the occasion of Paris Tribal, 9-13 March at the gallery in Paris
MARCH 2022 - 17
18 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 19
20 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
05
Bamileke mask
Buffalo mask Bamileke Cameroon Wood Height: 85 cm Provenance: Alain Javelaud collection, acquired in the 1970’s Price: 10.000 euros
Object Presented by: Nicolas Rolland M.: +33 (0)6 19 89 80 32 E.: contact@nicolasrolland.fr W. : www.nicolasrolland.fr
MARCH 2022 - 21
22 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 23
06
Kiribati Sword
Sword Kiribati 19th century Height: 104 cm Provenance: U.K. collection Price: 2.200 euros
Object Presented by: Adam Prout T.: + 44 7725 689 801 E.: adam@adamprout.com W.: www.adamprout.com
A Kiribati sword in suprisingly good condition and dating to the 19th century.
24 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 25
26 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 27
07
Maprik panel
Painted panel - Ancestral spirit or nggwalndu Maprik (Abelam) region, Papua New Guinea Early - mid 20th century Sago palm bark, wood, rattan and indigenous pigments. 150 cm x 73 cm Provenance: Peter Hallinan collection, Queensland (Inv. H503, collected in the field by Hallinan in the early 1970s) Price on request
Object Presented by: Anthony J.P. Meyer T.: +33 (0) 6 80 10 80 22 E.: ajpmeyer@gmail.com W.: www.meyeroceanic.art
28 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 29
08
Saramaka comb
Comb Saramaka/Brown/Businenge Suriname/ Guyana Late 19th - early 20th century Wood 35 cm (h) x 8 cm (w) Price on request
Object Presented by: Pablo Touchaleaume T.: + 33 (0)6 89 90 75 70 E.: pablo.touchaleaume@hotmail.fr W.: www.pablotouchaleaume.com
This object will be presented on the occasion of my exhibition “Voyage en Amazonie” during Paris Tribal. From March 9-13, 2022 at 5 rue Jacques Callot.
30 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
09
Nepal mask
Mask West Nepal Wood and soot patina Height: 23,5 cm Price on request
Object Presented by: Indian Heritage Frédéric Rond T.: +33.(0)1.42.77.58.48 E.: indian.heritage@yahoo.fr W.: www.indianheritage.biz
MARCH 2022 - 31
32 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 33
34 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 35
10
We mask
Mask We Ivory Coast Wood, brass, bells, human hair Height: 28 cm Provenance: Emanuel Bordier, Paris Price on request
Object Presented by: Adrian Schlag T.: +34 617 666 098 E.: adrian@schlag.net W.: www.tribalartclassics.com
36 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 37
38 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 39
11
Yoruba Ibeji
Ibeji figure Yoruba Nigeria 19th century Height: 20 cm Price: 2.800 euros
Object Presented by: Adam Prout T.: + 44 7725 689 801 E.: adam@adamprout.com W.: www.adamprout.com
A superb Yoruba Ibeji with a deep, rich patina. An old label reads "Ibeji of God of twins. Twin babies were imediateley exposed to die in a sacred bush. The gospel recieved and believed has ended this horror" and on the reverse "loaned by the Rev E.T. Packenham.
40 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 41
42 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 43
12
Nepal mask
Mask Nepal Wood and tissue Height: 27 cm Provenance: Private Dutch collection Price on request
Object Presented by: Adrian Schlag T.: +34 617 666 098 E.: adrian@schlag.net W.: www.tribalartclassics.com
44 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 45
13
Trio of kniVes Ikul
Knives Kuba Kingdom D.R. of the Congo Early 20th century Wood, iron, copper, metal inlay. Wood and brass custom base by Romain Laforêt. Heights : 45 cm, 36 cm, 30 cm. Provenance : Dieter Schaffner,Germany Price: 2.200 euros
Object Presented by: Laurent Granier M.: +33 (0)6 42791313 E: granierancient@gmail.com W. : www.granierancient.com
46 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 47
48 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 49
14
BAGUIRNI STATUETTE
Statuette Baguirni Chad Wood and patina of use Height: 34 cm Provenance: Private collection, Brussels Private collection, Paris Price: 3800 euros
Object Presented by: Eric Hertault T.:+33 6 15 38 64 81 E.: hertault.eric@gmail.com W.: www.eric-hertault.com
50 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
15
SONGYE FIGURE
Nkishi power figure, Eki style D.R. of the Congo Early 20th century Carved wood and horn Height: 24 cm Provenance: Vander Straete collection, Brussels Private collection, Brussels Private collection, Paris Price on request
Object Presented by: Julien Flak M.: +33 6 84 52 81 36 E.: contact@galerieflak.com W.: www.galerieflak.com
The Songye reside in the southeast of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, near the Lomami River in Central Africa. The political organization of the Songye is structured around the personality of their chief, a holy, benevolent figure endowed with magical-religious power. Secret societies structure social, political and religious life. Fetishes, amulets (boanga or nganga) and power figures (nkishi) are omnipresent among the Songye. This figure with impressive volumes is in the same style (Eki) as two statuettes published in the reference book "La redoutable statuaire Songye" by François Neyt, plates 40 & 41. This Songye figure will be part of our selection of ancient arts of Africa on the occasion of Paris Tribal, 9-13 March at the gallery in Paris.
MARCH 2022 - 51
52 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 53
54 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 55
16
Iatmul naven
Naven ceremonial ornament depicting a Vulva Iatmul Middle Sepik, PNG 19th/20th century. Coconut and lime Height: 9 cm Provenance: Fernand Devèze, France Price on request
Object Presented by: Anthony J.P. Meyer T.: +33 (0) 6 80 10 80 22 E.: ajpmeyer@gmail.com W.: www.meyeroceanic.art
56 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
17
Dogon stool
Ritual stool Dogon Mali Wood Height : 40,5 cm Diam.: 35 cm Provenance : Sothebys Parke Bernet auction in the 60’s Price : 4.200 euros
Object Presented by: Renaud Vanuxem M.: +33 6 07 11 50 60 E.: rvanuxem@yahoo.fr W.: www.renaudvanuxem.com
MARCH 2022 - 57
58 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 59
60 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
18
British Columbia hammer or pestle
"T" shaped hammer or pestle British Columbia, Canada Late 1500 BC - Mid 18th century Basalt 17,5 cm x 8,2 cm x 12 cm Weight: 1760 g Provenance: Rita Alix & Oscar Meyer, Los Angeles Anthony JP Meyer by descent Price on request
Object Presented by: Anthony J.P. Meyer T.: +33 (0) 6 80 10 80 22 E.: ajpmeyer@gmail.com W.: www.meyeroceanic.art
A red paint inscription to one side reads : « Salmon River, Alaska ».
MARCH 2022 - 61
62 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
19
BAULE STATUETTE
Statuette Baule Ivory Coast Wood, mineral dyes, Thick patina of use and pearl necklace Height: 52,5 cm Provenance: Maurice Nicaud collection, Paris Private collection, Paris Price: 3.800 euros
Object Presented by: Eric Hertault T.:+33 6 15 38 64 81 E.: hertault.eric@gmail.com W.: www.eric-hertault.com
MARCH 2022 - 63
64 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
20
We/Guere mask
Mask We-Guere Ivory Coast Early 20th century Wood and metal Height: 23 cm Provenance: Alberto Costa Romero de Tejada, Spain. J. Ferrer, Spain. Price:
SOLD
Object Presented by: David Serra T.: +34 (0) 667525597 E.: galeria@davidserra.es W.: www.davidserra.es
MARCH 2022 - 65
66 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 67
68 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 69
21
TEVAU FEATHER MONEY
Tevau feather currency / bridal wealth Santa Cruz, Solomon Islands Early 20th century Hibiscus fiber, feathers (Myzomela cardinalis), shell 61 cm x 77,5 cm Provenance: Private collection, Australia Price on request
Object Presented by: Julien Flak M.: +33 6 84 52 81 36 E.: contact@galerieflak.com W.: www.galerieflak.com
These red-feather money rolls from the Santa Cruz Islands constitute one of the Pacific’s most spectacular and graphic forms of currency. Once uncoiled, this money roll called tevau is roughly 30 ft. (9 meters) long. A multitude of rectangular plates covered with feathers are overlapped and affixed to a fiber armature. The feathers are those of the Myzomelia cardinalis, a scarlet bird that feeds on honey. Feather money was used in Santa Cruz as a form of currency for settling important obligations. Tevau were also given as payment on the occasion of a wedding as bride price. This Tevau will be part of our selection of ancient arts of Oceania on the occasion of Paris Tribal, 9-13 March at the gallery in Paris
70 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 71
72 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
22
Saramaka spatula
Spatula Saramaka/Brown/Businenge Suriname/ Guyana Late 19th - Early 20th century Wood 44 cm (h) x 5 cm (w) Price on request
Object Presented by: Pablo Touchaleaume T.: + 33 (0)6 89 90 75 70 E.: pablo.touchaleaume@hotmail.fr W.: www.pablotouchaleaume.com
This object will be presented on the occasion of my exhibition “Voyage en Amazonie” during Paris Tribal. From March 9-13, 2022 at 5 rue Jacques Callot.
MARCH 2022 - 73
74 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
23
Bwende Statue
Statue Bwende Congo Wood, iron, vegetable fibers, shell, sacrificial materials Height: 17 cm Provenance: Private Collection, France Leonardo Vigorelli, Milan Private collection, Italy Price on request
Object Presented by: Olivier Larroque T.: +33 (0)6 80 08 00 93 E.: o.larroque1@gmail.com W.: www.olivierlarroque.com
This object is part of Olivier’s spring 2022 catalog, available on website from March 6th
MARCH 2022 - 75
76 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 77
24
DAN MASK
Mask Dan Ivory Coast Wood, iron and old patina of use Height: 23 cm Provenance: Private collection, Brussels Private collection, Paris Price: 7.000 euros
Object Presented by: Eric Hertault T.:+33 6 15 38 64 81 E.: hertault.eric@gmail.com W.: www.eric-hertault.com
78 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 79
25
Songye mask
Mask Kifwebe Songye D.R. of the Congo Wood, pigments Height: 46 cm Provenance:: Private collection, Cannes Alexandre De La Salle collection, Cagne sur Mer Price:
SOLD
Object Presented by: Olivier Larroque T.: +33 (0)6 80 08 00 93 E.: o.larroque1@gmail.com W.: www.olivierlarroque.com
This object is part of Olivier’s spring 2022 catalog, available on website from March 6th.
80 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
26
Teke Statue
Statue Teke Congo Wood, fabric, sacrificial materials Height: 19 cm Provenance: Tao Kerefoff collection, Paris Private collection,Paris Price :
SOLD
Object Presented by: Olivier Larroque T.: +33 (0)6 80 08 00 93 E.: o.larroque1@gmail.com W.: www.olivierlarroque.com
This object is part of Olivier’s spring 2022 catalog, available on website from March 6th
MARCH 2022 - 81
82 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 83
27
Brazilian club
Macana Club Brazil/Guyana/Suriname 19th century Wood Height: 35 cm Price on request
Object Presented by: Pablo Touchaleaume T.: + 33 (0)6 89 90 75 70 E.: pablo.touchaleaume@hotmail.fr W.: www.pablotouchaleaume.com
This object will be presented on the occasion of my exhibition “Voyage en Amazonie” during Paris Tribal. From March 9-13, 2022 at 5 rue Jacques Callot.
84 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
28
Nihiyo KACHINA DOLL
Navajo spirit kachina doll Nihiyo Katsina Hopi Arizona, U.S.A. Circa 1930 Carved wood (cottonwood), pigments, feathers Height : 29 cm Provenance: Private collection, New Jersey Larry Frank collection, New Mexico (circa 1990) Price: 7.000 euros
Kachina dolls (or katsinam) represent spirits or gods from the pantheon of the Pueblo peoples in the American Southwest. Given to children, kachina dolls constituted a pedagogical tool allowing them to familiarize themselves with the spiritual world and perpetuating knowledge of the founding myths on which their society was based.
The doll here is the rare representation of Nihiyo, the “beautifully-dressed-Navajo” kachina spirit, sometimes called “Navajo Proud”. The painted and carved décor of this kachina doll is superbly detailed, notably the concha belt, the painted kilt and the delicate motifs on the back of the head. Nihiyo is a figure of Navajo origin who dresses fancy and appears in Mixed Dances. Of note, the colors and motifs and on the mask of this kachina doll are usually associated with Ma’alo, the Stick Kachina while the red visor and costume are typical of Nihiyo / Kwivi, the splendidly-dressed Navajo dancer. This doll will be part of our “Kachinas!” presentation on the occasion of Paris Tribal, 9-13 March at the gallery in Paris
Object Presented by: Julien Flak M.: +33 6 84 52 81 36 E.: contact@galerieflak.com W.: www.galerieflak.com
MARCH 2022 - 85
86 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 87
88 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
29
Bamileke pipe
Pipe Bamileke Cameroon Early 20th century Copper alloy Height: 12,5 cm Provenance: F. Raty, Belgium. M. Bronsin, Belgium. Price: 2.500 euros
Object Presented by: David Serra T.: +34 (0) 667525597 E.: galeria@davidserra.es W.: www.davidserra.es
MARCH 2022 - 89
90 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 91
92 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
30
Kali'na seat
Zoomorphic seat Kali'na Guyana Late 19th - Early 20th century Wood 68 cm (l.) x 25 cm (h) Provenance: Njimegen museum Price on request
Object Presented by: Pablo Touchaleaume T.: + 33 (0)6 89 90 75 70 E.: pablo.touchaleaume@hotmail.fr W.: www.pablotouchaleaume.com
This object will be presented on the occasion of my exhibition “Voyage en Amazonie” during Paris Tribal. From March 9-13, 2022 at 5 rue Jacques Callot.
MARCH 2022 - 93
94 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 95
96 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
UP TO € 2000
MARCH 2022 - 97
98 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 99
31
Siberian PIPE
Pipe Kuynga Siberia Early 20th century Wood, leather and iron Length: 29,5 cm Provenance: Jean Paul Morin collection, Paris. Price: 1.350 euros
Object Presented by: Laurent Dodier M.: + 33 6 08 22 68 15 E.: laurentdodier@wanadoo.fr w. : www.laurentdodier.com
Pipe formed from two sections of wood and a wooden bowl tied together with a leather strap. It carries her pipe stuffer made of an iron nail.
100 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 101
32
Baule hammer Lawle
Divinatory hammer Lawle Baule Ivory Coast Early 20th century Wood and metal studs Height: 24 cm Provenance: Old Private collection, France. Price: 1.500 euros
Object Presented by: David Serra T.: +34 (0) 667525597 E.: galeria@davidserra.es W.: www.davidserra.es
102 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 103
104 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 105
33
Baule figure
Bloblo Bla Ancestor Baule Ivory Coast Early 20th century Wood, old patina of use. Height: 30 cm Price: 1.800 euros
Object Presented by: Laurent Dodier M.: + 33 6 08 22 68 15 E.: laurentdodier@wanadoo.fr w. : www.laurentdodier.com
Female figure represented standing. the calves are curved, the arms along the body. the feet are missing. The hands are placed on either side of the navel. The neck is cylindrical and ringed, the face is serene. The rounded forehead is extended by a bun hairstyle. Among the Baoulé, most men have a wife in the afterlife, called blolo bla. the fetish manifests itself in everyday life. It is kept at home and it receives offerings. This examplar was handled regularly and have acquired a shiny patina.
106 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 107
108 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 109
34
Heddle pulley
Heddle pulley Kulango/Abron Ivory Coast Late 19th - Early 20th century. 17 cm x 7 cm Provenance: Belgium collection Price:
SOLD
Object Presented by: Adam Prout T.: + 44 7725 689 801 E.: adam@adamprout.com W.: www.adamprout.com
110 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 111
112 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
35
BIDJOGO SPOON
Spoon Bidjogo Guinea Bissau Early 20th century Wood with a dry and clear patina, heightened with black Height: 25,5 cm Provenance: Jean Paul Morin collection, Paris. Price: 1.600 euros
Object Presented by: Laurent Dodier M.: + 33 6 08 22 68 15 E.: laurentdodier@wanadoo.fr w. : www.laurentdodier.com
MARCH 2022 - 113
114 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 115
116 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
36
Baule gong beater
Gong beater Baule Ivory coast Wood Height: 23 cm Price: 800 euros
SOLD
Object Presented by: Renaud Vanuxem M.: +33 6 07 11 50 60 E.: rvanuxem@yahoo.fr W.: www.renaudvanuxem.com
MARCH 2022 - 117
118 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 119
120 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
37
Ashanti comb
Comb Ashanti Ghana Wood Height: 19 cm Price :
SOLD
Object Presented by: Renaud Vanuxem M.: +33 6 07 11 50 60 E.: rvanuxem@yahoo.fr W.: www.renaudvanuxem.com
MARCH 2022 - 121
122 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 123
124 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 125
38
Songye Knife
Knife Songye D. R. of the Congo Circa 1900 or older. Height: 45 cm Price: 1.200 euros
Object Presented by: Adam Prout T.: + 44 7725 689 801 E.: adam@adamprout.com W.: www.adamprout.com
126 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 127
128 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
39
Awele
Gameboard Awele West africa Ravinated wood Height : 67 cm Price : 1.400 euros
SOLD
Object Presented by: Renaud Vanuxem M.: +33 6 07 11 50 60 E.: rvanuxem@yahoo.fr W.: www.renaudvanuxem.com
MARCH 2022 - 129
130 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 131
132 - TRIBAL ART SOCIETY
MARCH 2022 - 133
