V. CORRUPTION PROFILE
Political Parties
Parliament
Police
Business/ Private Sector
Media
Public Officials/ Civil Servants
Judiciary
NGOs
Religious Bodies
Military
Education System
Table 2. Public Perception of Corruption in Institutions of the Country*
2007
4.1
4.1
4.1
3.9
3.2
-
4.2
3.2
2.3
3.1
3.8
2009
4.4
4.5
-
4.3
3.8
4.5
4.5
-
-
-
-
2010
4.0
4.1
4.3
3.7
3.2
4.1
4.4
3.2
2.3
3.5
4.0
Years
* Question: To what extent do you perceive the following institutions in this country to be affected by corruption? (1: not at all corrupt, 5: extremely corrupt). Average score. Source: TI GCB 2007: 22, TI GCB 2009:29, TI GCB 2010:44. ____________
There is a high tolerance for corrupt practices throughout the society. In 2009, the share of the citizens who believed that corruption can always be justified constituted 7.6%, while 43.5% of the citizens were convinced that corruption can be justified in some cases.91 More alarming is the finding that the younger the citizen, the stronger he/she believes that corruption can be justified under certain circumstances.92 According to the TI GCB 2010, in 2010 between 30 to 49.9% of the respondents in Ukraine reported paying a bribe to different service providers in the past year.93 Strikingly, the share of those who reported paying a bribe to service providers has increased significantly compared to 2007, when bribes were paid by 18-32 % of the respondents.94
has increased.95 Ukraine is ranked low in TI Corruption Perceptions Indexes (CPIs) 20052010 (with low scores varying from 2.2 in 2009 to 2.8 in 2006), as well as in Global Integrity Indexes 2007 and 2009. Freedom House’s Nations in Transit 2010 indicates that since 2005 Ukraine has made no significant progress in terms of fight against corruption. The WB scores for Ukraine’s governance indicators have been low for years (see the Table 3 below). World Economic Forum’s GCR 2010 – 2011 ranks Ukraine low on indicators “Irregular Payments and Bribes” (127th of 139), “Burden of Government Regulation” (125th of 139), “Judicial Independence” (134th of 139), “Favoritism in Decisions of Government Officials” (127th of 139), “Transparency of Government Policymaking” (114th of 139).96
In 2009, 61.3% of the citizens were convinced that since 2004 the level of corruption in Ukraine 91 Management Systems International, Kyiv International Institute of Sociology, Corruption in Ukraine. The Comparative Analysis of the 2007 - 2009 National Opinion Polls (in Ukrainian), 2009: 21. 92 Management Systems International, Kyiv International Institute of Sociology, Corruption in Ukraine. The Results of the 2007 National Opinion Poll (in Ukrainian), 2007: 13. 93 TI GCB 2010: 12. 94 TI GCB 2007: 4.
95 Management Systems International, Kyiv International Institute of Sociology, Corruption in Ukraine. The Comparative Analysis of the 2007 - 2009 National Opinion Polls (in Ukrainian), 2009: 22. 96 World Economic Forum, GCR 2010 – 2011: 335.
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