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CONTENTS Ⅰ. Improvement of insulin resistance by Korean cuisine materials (solar salts and bamboo salt) ··························································································································· 1 1. Background ····································································································································· 1 2. Research content ··························································································································· 3 A. Animal experiment ···················································································································· 3 B. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) ···················································································· 3 C. Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance (TBARS) ························································· 3 D. Protein carbonyl content (PCOs) ······················································································· 4 E. Skeletal muscle pretreatment ····························································································· 4 F. Mitochondrial membrane potential measurement ························································· 5 G. Mitochondrial membrane size measurement ·································································· 5 H. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) content ·············································································· 5 I. ROS (reactive oxygen species) production ········································································ 6 J. Western blotting ·························································································································· 6 K. Statistical Analysis ···················································································································· 7 L. Metabolomic analysis ················································································································ 7 1) Urine and muscle metabolites extraction ······································································· 7 2) Metabolites analysis using UPLC-Q-TOF MS ································································ 7 3) Data Process ······························································································································ 8 4) Statistical Analysis ··················································································································· 8 3. Results and Discussion ················································································································ 10 A. Food intake, water intake, and body weight change ·················································· 10 B. Effects of solar salt and purple bamboo salt on insulin signalling in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats ···································································································· 11 1) Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) result ····································································· 11 2) Expression level of IRS1 in skeletal muscle ······························································· 12 C. Effects of domestic solar salt and purple bamboo salt on oxidative stress in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats ··················································································· 13 1) Oxidized lipid products 함량 content ··············································································· 13 2) Protein carbonyl content ···································································································· 14 D. Effects of domestic solar salt and purple bamboo salt on mitochondrial dysfunction in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats ········································ 15 1) Mitochondrial membrane potential ··················································································· 16 2) Mitochondrial size ···················································································································· 18 3) ATP content ······························································································································· 19 4) ROS content ······························································································································· 20 4) Expression of cytochrome c oxidase ··············································································· 21 E. Metabolomic analysis ··············································································································· 22 1) Metabolomic analysis in urine of various salt fed rats ············································· 22