Contribution of Sulabh in the field of sanitation

LoPNrk ds {ks= esa lqyHk dk ;ksxnku Contribution of Sulabh in the field of sanitation 1968

MkWDVj ikBd us fcgkj&xk¡èkh&tUe&'krkCnh&lekjksg&lfefr esa lfEefyr gq,] tgk¡ mUgsa [kqys esa 'kkSp dh leL;k ls fuiVku vkSj LdSosaftax ds fodYi [kkstus vkSj vLi`';ksa dk ekuokfèkdkj vkSj xfjek cgky djus rFkk mUgsa nwljs yksxksa ds cjkcj lekt dh eq[;èkkjk esa 'kkfey djus dk dk;Z lkSaik x;kA MkWDVj ikBd xk¡èkh th dh ftanxh] muds dk;Z vkSj mudh fopkjèkkjk ls xgjkbZ ls izHkkfor vkSj izsfjr FksA lkFk gh vLi`';ksa dh gkyr ls os u dsoy mnkl vkSj nq%[kh Fks] cfYd mudh nqnZ'kk

ls larIr Hkh Fks] ftUgsa xk¡èkh th ân; ls I;kj djrs Fks] tks vktknh ds brus o"kks± ckn Hkh lekt ds gkf'k, ij Fks vkSj lkekftd :i ls cfg"d`r FksA vHkh Hkh os 'kq"d 'kkSpky; ls vius gkFkksa ls ekuo&ey dh liQkbZ dj vius lj ij mBkdj bldk fuiVku djrs FksA 1969

bl leL;k dk gy <w<¡ u+ s vkSj LdSot as jksa ds lkFk lkekftd lkeatL; cukus ds mís'; ls os csfr;k esa LdSot as jksa dh cLrh esa jgsA csfr;k] fcgkj&jkT; ds paikj.k ftyk dk ,d NksVk 'kgj gS vkSj la;ksxo'k ;g ogh txg gS] tgk¡ egkRek xk¡èkh us Lora=krk&vkanksyu dh 'kq#vkr dh vkSj LdSot as jksa dh n;uh; fLFkfr] mudk fujknj vkSj vieku] tks buyksxksa dks Hkqxruk iM+rk gS] mUgsa tkuk vkSj mudh mRifÙk] mudh ftanxh vkSj blls Hkh T;knk mudh laLd`fr ds ckjs esa tkukA csfr;k esa LdSosatjksa ds lkFk jgrs gq, MkWDVj ikBd dks vius gh ifjokj] lekt [kkldj czkã.kksa vkSj vius llqjkyokyksa dk frjLdkj >syuk iM+kA blfy, oks viuk eu ugha cuk ik jgs Fks fd D;k djsa vkSj D;k u djsa! ,d ckj os vius nksLrksa ds lkFk pk; ihus ds fy, viuh dkWyksuh esa tk jgs Fks rks mUgksaus ns[kk fd ,d yM+ds dks lk¡M+ ekjus vk jgk gSA yksx mls cpkus ds fy, nkSM+s] ij fdlh us HkhM+ ls fpYyk fn;k fd ;s vNwr cLrh dk jgusokyk gSA MkWDVj ikBd ;s ns[kdj vpafHkr Fks fd lcus mls NksM+ fn;k vkSj viuh jkg py iM+sA fiQj MkWDVj ikBd vkSj muds nksLr mls vLirky ys x,] tgk¡ mldh ekSr gks xbZA MkWDVj ikBd us ml fnu iz.k fd;k fd os egkRek xk¡èkh ds lius dks lkdkj djsaxs vkSj lj ij eSyk <ksus dh bl vekuoh; izFkk ls yksxksa dks eqfDr fnyk,¡xsA ;gk¡ ls mudh dgkuh 'kq: gksrh gSA 1970

egkRek xk¡èkh us Lo;a dgk Fkk fd tc&rd LdSosatj 'kkSpky; lkiQ djrs jgsaxs] dksbZ Hkh muds lkFk [kkuk ugha [kk,xkA blfy, MkWDVj ikBd us eglwl fd;k fd;k fd ,d rduhd dh t:jr gS] tks muds }kjk lkiQ fd, tkusokys 'kq"d 'kkSpky; dh txg ys ldsA O;kid vuqlaèkku djus ds ckn mUgksaus ml rduhd dk fodkl fd;k] tks 'kq"d 'kkSpky; dh txg ys ldrh FkhA MkWDVj ikBd ds bl vkfo"dkj dks tsEl okV dh dgkuh ds lerqY; ekuk tk ldrk gS] ftUgksaus dsryh ls Hkki (LVhe) dks fudyrs gq, ns[kdj LVhe&batu dk vkfo"dkj fd;kA mlh rjg MkWDVj ikBd us ;g ladYiuk nh fd ekuo&ey feV~Vh ds laidZ esa vkus ls fopfjr gks tkrk gS vkSj bl fl¼kar dks fnekx esa j[krs gq, mUgksaus ikfjfLFkfrd Vw fiV iksj&Ýy'k daiksLV 'kkSpky; dk vkfo"dkj] uohuhdj.k vkSj fodkl fd;k] tks ^lqyHk 'kkSpky;* ;k ^lqyHk VkW;ysV~l* ds uke ls izfl¼ gqvkA lqyHk 'kkSpky; dh bl rduhd esa nks xM~<s gksrs gSaA tc ,d xM~<k Hkj tkrk gS rks ekuo&ey dks nwljs xM~<s dh rjiQ eksM+ 2

fn;k tkrk gSA yxHkx 2 lky esa ekuo&ey lax`ghr gksdj lw[kk vkSj dhVk.kqjfgr gks tkrk gS vkSj lqjf{kr rjhds ls [kkn ds :i esa bls O;ogkj esa fy;k tk ldrk gSA lqyHk 'kkSpky; ds vkxeu ls xk¡oksa dh efgyk,¡ vc lqjf{kr vkSj lEeku ds lkFk 'kkSpky; tkrh gaS vkSj vc mUgsa lk¡i dkVus ;k vlkekftd rÙo dk Mj Hkh ugha gSA yM+fd;k¡ Hkh vc Ldwy tkus yxh gSaA vxj MkWDVj ikBd us bl rduhd dk fodkl ugha fd;k gksrk rks lj ij eSyk <ksus vkSj [kqys esa 'kkSp djus dh izFkk dks lekIr djuk eqf'dy FkkA lqyHk Vw fiV iksj Ýy'k daiksLV 'kkSpky; dh liQyrk dk vkdyu bl ckr ls fd;k tk ldrk gS fd ;wukbVsM us'ku fMosyiesaV dk;ZØe us vius ekuo&fodkl&fjiksVZµ2003 (g~;weu fMosyiesaV fjiksVZ&2003 esa dgk] ^xSj&ljdkjh laxBu (,u~-th-vks-) lqyHk baVjus'kuy us vius vxz.kh dk;Z ls ;g fn[kk;k gS fd ekuo&ey dk fu"iknu lLrs vkSj lkekftd rkSj ij Lohdk;Z rduhd ds tfj, gks ldrk gSA vHkh gky gh esa ch-ch-lh- ^gksjkbtUl~* us lqyHk&rduhd dks fo'o ds 5 vf}rh; vkfo"dkjksa esa 'kkfey fd;k gSA ekuuh; izèkkuea=kh us Hkh vkg~oku fd;k gS fd og Hkkjr esa o"kZ 2019 rd gj ?kj esa 'kkSpky; miyCèk djok,¡xs vkSj [kqys esa 'kkSp dh izFkk dks [kRe djsaxsA ;g egkRek xk¡èkh dks mudh 150oha tUe&'krkCnh&o"kZ ij lPph J¼katfy gksxh] tks MkWDVj ikBd ds vkfo"dkj ij vkèkkfjr gSA 'kq"d 'kkSpky;ksa ds ifjorZu vkSj lqyHk 'kkSpky;ksa ds fuekZ.k ds ckn yk[kksa LdSosatj vius vekuoh; is'ks vkSj vLi`';rk ds caèku ls eqDr gq, gSaA blds ckn MkWDVj ikBd us ;g Hkh lqfuf'pr fd;k fd buyksxksa dks f'k{kk rFkk O;kolkf;d izf'k{k.k nsdj jkstxkj izkIr djus ds ;ksX; cuk;k tk ldsA vc ;s yksx d<+kbZ&flykbZ] vpkj&ikiM+] uwMYl bR;kfn [kk| inkFkZ cukus tSls O;olk; lh[k pqds gSaA MkWDVj ikBd dh lgk;rk ls ;s yksx vc czkã.kksa vkSj mQ¡ph tkfr;ksa ds lkFk iwtk&ikB vkSj R;ksgkj eukus yxs gSaA vyoj vkSj Vksad ds iwoZ LdSosatjksa ds lkFk ;s lHkh vc vLi`';rk ds vfHk'kki ls eqDr gks pqds gSaA ckcklkgsc MkW- Hkhejko vkacsMdj dh t;arh ds volj ij 13 vizSy] 2015 dks vk;ksftr ^vLi`';rk dk var* (vUVpSfcfyVh uks eksj) uked jk"Vªh; vk;kstu esa eqDr vkSj iquokZflr LdSosatjksa us Hkkjr ds ekuuh; x`gea=kh Jh jktukFk flag rFkk mu czkã.kksa ds lkFk Hkkstu fd;k] ftuds ?kj esa dHkh ;s 'kkSpky; lkiQ djrs FksA 1970

MkWDVj ikBd us lqyHk 'kkSpky; laLFkku dh LFkkiuk dh] tks vc lqyHk baVjus'kuy lks'ky lfoZl vkWxZukbts'ku ds uke ls izfl¼ gS] ftldk ;g fl¼kar gS fd ljdkj vkSj xSj&ljdkjh laxBu lkFk feydj LdSosaftax vkSj [kqys esa 'kkSp dh leL;k dk lekèkku djsaxsA laxBu us ns'k ds vanj ;k ckgj ls dksbZ xzkUV ;k nku ugha fy;k gSA vHkh ;g 25 jkT;ksa] 4 dsaæ&'kkflr 3

izns'kksa vkSj 1]599 'kgjksa esa dk;Zjr gS vkSj blds 50 gtkj Lo;alsod egkRek xk¡èkh ds liuksa dks lkdkj djus esa layXu gSaA 1974

MkWDVj ikBd us ^Hkqxrku vkSj mi;ksx* ds vkèkkj ij lkoZtfud 'kkSpky; ds j[k&j[kko dh O;oLFkk dhA o"kZ 1876 esa fczfV'k ljdkj us blh vkèkkj ij dksydkrk esa lkoZtfud 'kkSpky; ds fy, vfèkfu;e ikfjr fd;k] fdarq bldk dk;kZUo;u ugha gks ldkA Hkkjr esa 'kkSpky; dks ukjdh; txg ekuk tkrk Fkk vkSj lkekU;r% yksx vanj ugha tkuk pkgrs FksA blds yxHkx ,d lnh ckn MkWDVj ikBd us ;g O;oLFkk 'kq: dhA MkWDVj ikBd us iVuk] fcgkj esa 48 lhVksaokys igys lkoZtfud 'kkSpky; dk fuekZ.k djk;kA ogk¡ gkFk èkksus ds fy, eqÝr lkcqu&ikmMj miyCèk djk;k tkrk FkkA yksx etkd djus yxs Fks fd iSls nsdj dkSu 'kkSpky; tk,xk! ij igys fnu 500 yksxksa us 'kkSpky; dk bLrseky fd;k vkSj vc rks ;g O;oLFkk iwjs ns'k esa py jgh gSA vU; xSj&ljdkjh laxBuksa rFkk daifu;ksa ds vykok] Lo;a lqyHk 25 jkT;ksa vkSj 4 dsaæ&'kkflr izns'kksa ds 1]599 'kgjksa vkSj uxjksa esa 8]000 lkoZtfud 'kkSpky;ksa dk j[k&j[kko djrk gS] ftldk mi;ksx izfrfnu 1-5 djksM+ yksx djrs gSaA ;g iz;ksx Hkkjr ds ckgj Hkh gks jgk gSA dkcqy esa ck;ksxSl IykaV ds lkFk 5 lqyHk 'kkSpky; dk;Zjr gSaA ;s iz;ksx phu] c¡xykns'k] fo;ruke vkSj ,fl;k] vfÚdk rFkk ySfVu vesfjdk ds vusd ns'kksa esa Hkh Lohdkj fd, x, gSaA 1977

o"kZ 1977 esa MkWDVj ikBd us ekuo&ey ls ÅtkZ miyCèk djkus] lkFk gh cgrs gq, vity ds 'kksèku dh rduhd dk vkfo"dkj] izorZu rFkk fodkl fd;k] ftlls bldk mi;ksx moZjd ds :i esa gks lds vFkok bls xaxk] ;equk&tSlh ufn;ksa esa lqjf{kr rjhds ls NksM+k tk ldsA bl rduhd esa ekuo&ey ls ck;ksxSl mRiUu gksrh gS] ftldk iz;ksx ySai tykus] [kkuk idkus rFkk tkM+s esa rkius ds fy, fd;k tkrk gSA bls lM+dksa ij jks'kuh ds fy, Hkh ÅtkZ esa :ikarfjr fd;k tkrk gS rFkk tsujsVj 'kr izfr'kr ck;ksxSl ij pyrk gSA ck;ksxSl IykaV ls fu%l`r ty vPNh rjg lkiQ jgrk gS] bldk ch-vks-Mh- izfryhVj 10 feyhxzke ls Hkh de gks tkrk gS rFkk bldk mi;ksx lkoZtfud 'kkSpky; ds j[k&j[kko] ÅoZjd ds :i esa vFkok unh esa NksM+us ds fy, gks ldrk gSA lqyHk us ns'k esa 200 ls vfèkd rFkk viQxkfuLrku ds dkcqy esa 5 ck;ksxSl IykaV LFkkfir fd, gSa] dkcqy esa rkieku tkM+s esa &300 lsfYl;l rd

4

fxj tkrk gS] ij ;s IykaV ogk¡ dke djrs jgsA yn~nk[k rFkk vU; lnZ LFkkuksa esa Hkh ;s IykaV vPNh rjg dke dj ldrs gSaA iVuk esa ck;ksxSl ls mRiUu ÅtkZ ls lkr o"kks± rd dksrokyh iqfyl&LVs'ku ls lat; xk¡èkh ikdZ rd lM+dksa ij cfÙk;k¡ tykbZ tkrh FkhaA bl rjg ;g ÅtkZ dk vPNk oSdfYid lzksr gks ldrk gS] tks lrr fodkl dk lkèku Hkh gksxkA 1978

iVuk esa Hkkjr&ljdkj&}kjk ,d jk"Vªh; lsfeukj dk vk;kstu gqvk] ftlesa lHkh jkT;&ljdkjksa] MCY;w-,p~-vks- vkSj ;qfulsiQ ds izfrfufèk;ksa us Hkkx fy;kA buyksxksa us iVuk esa lkoZtfud 'kkSpky; vkSj ?kjksa esa ?kjsyw 'kkSpky;ksa dk fujh{k.k fd;kA rhu fnuksa ds fopkj&foe'kZ ds ckn ;g fu.kZ; gqvk fd dk;ZØe ds dk;kZUo;u ds fy, lqyHk&rduhd] fofèk rFkk lkoZtfud 'kkSpky;ksa ds j[k&j[kko dh O;oLFkk iwjs ns'k esa viukbZ tk,A 1980

MkWDVj ikBd ds ijke'kZ ij x`g&ea=kky; us LdSosatjksa dks ekuo&ey dh gkFkksa ls liQkbZ ds dke ls eqDr djkus gsrq 'kq"d 'kkSpky;ksa dks Vw fiV iksj&Ýy'k 'kkSpky;ksa ifjofrZr djus ds dk;ZØe ds fy, cus dkuwu ^vLi`';rk(vijkèk)&vfèkfu;e 1955* dks o"kZ 1976 esa la'kksèku dj mldk iqu% ukedj.k fd;k x;kµ^ukxfjd&vfèkdkj& laj{k.k& vfèkfu;e 1955*A lu~ 1980&82 esa fcgkj ds ik¡p 'kgjksaµfcgkj'kjhiQ] iwf.kZ;k] MkyVsuxat] pkbZcklk rFkk eèkqcuh esa bl dk;ZØe dk dk;kZUo;u gqvkA ckn esa ns'k ds vU; jkT;ksa esa Hkh ;g dk;ZØe fd;k x;kA 1983

MkWDVj ikBd us LdSosatj&ifjokj ds ;qod&;qofr;ksa dks izf'kf{kr djus dk dk;Z izkjaHk fd;k] tc rRdkyhu izèkkuea=kh ekuuh;k Jherh bafnjk xk¡èkh us yksdlHkk esa oDrO; fn;k Fkk fd og LdSosatjksa dks muds vekuoh; dke ls eqfDr fnykuk pkgrh gSa_ lkFk gh mUgsa nwljs dk;ks± esa izf'kf{kr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ,sls 1000 yM+ds&yM+fd;k¡ izf'kf{kr fd, x,] ftuesa ls dksbZ Hkh csjkstxkj ugha jgkA 1991

MkWDVj ikBd dks Hkkjr&ljdkj us ^in~eHkw"k.k* ls vyad`r fd;kA 5

1992

MkWDVj ikBd dks bVyh ds vlhlh esa lasV Úkalhl iqjLdkjµ^dSafVdy vkWo~ vkWy ØhplZ~* iznku fd;k x;kA ml volj ij MkWDVj ikBd dks ekuuh; iksi tkWu ikWy&II ls feyus dk lkSHkkX; izkIr gqvkA 1992

MkWDVj ikBd us ubZ fnYyh esa lqyHk ifCyd Ldwy (v¡xjsth&ekè;e) LFkkfir fd;kA blesa 60» cPps lekt ds detksj oxks± vkSj vLi`'; ekus tkusokys ifjokjksa ls i<+rs gSa] budh f'k{kk fu%'kqYd gksrh gSA 'ks"k 40» Nk=k vU; oxks± ds nkf[ky fd, tkrs gSa] rkfd cpiu ls gh muesa lkekftd leUo; LFkkfir gksA 1994

MkWDVj ikBd us ubZ fnYyh esa lqyHk baVjus'kuy E;qft;e vkWo~ VkW;ysV~l LFkkfir fd;k] tks fo'o esa viuh rjg dk vf}rh; gSA fp=kksa] izfrd`fr;ksa rFkk iksLVjksa ds tfj, ;g E;qft;e fofHkUu ;qxkas esa 'kkSpky;ksa ds fodkl dh dgkuh fn[kykrk gSA yxHkx 28 yk[k yksx ;g E;qft;e Hkze.k dj pqds gSaA 1996

MkWDVj ikBd us MdohM ds tfj, vity ds 'kksèku dh i;kZoj.k&fgrS"kh vYiO;;h rduhd vkfo"d`r dhA bldk eNyh&ikyu esa mi;ksx djds vkfFkZd ykHk Hkh izkIr fd;k tk ldrk gSA 2002

MkWDVj ikBd us lqyHk&cfg%lzko&'kksèku&la;a=k dk vkfo"dkj fd;k] ftlls ck;ksxSl IykaV ls fudyusokyk vity jaxghu] nqx±èkghu rFkk jksxk.kq eqDr gks tkrk gSA 'kksfèkr vity dk mi;ksx ckxckuh] [ksrh&ckjh rFkk lkoZtfud 'kkSpky;ksa dh liQkbZ esa fd;k tk ldrk gSA bls fdlh tyk'k; vFkok unh esa Hkh NksM+uk lqjf{kr gSA 2003

MkWDVj ikBd us jktLFkku ds nks 'kgjksa vyoj rFkk Vksad dks vaxhd`r fd;k] tgk¡ LdSosatjksa ds vfèkdkj rFkk xfjek dh iqu%LFkkiuk dh xbZ gSA ;s uxj vc vLi`';rk rFkk lkekftd 6

Hksn&Hkko ls iwjh rjg eqDr gSaA vc ;gk¡ czkã.k rFkk Å¡ph tkfr ds yksx iwoZ LdSosatjksa ds lkFk [kkrs&ihrs vkSj feyrs&tqyrs gSaA bu iquokZflr yksxksa dks fofHkUu O;olk;ksa esa izf'kf{kr fd;k x;k gSA vc ;s viuk thfodksiktZu Lo;a djrs gSa vkSj lekt dh eq[;èkkjk ls tqM+ x, gSaA 2003

MkWDVj ikBd dks Hkkjr&ljdkj&}kjk ^bafnjk xk¡èkh fiz;nf'kZuh iqjLdkj* ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA 2009

MkWDVj ikBd dks LVkWdgkse baVjus'kuy okWVj bafLVV~;wV] LVkWdgkse] LohMsu&}kjk ^LVkWdgkse okWVj izkbt* ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA iz'kfLr&i=k esa mYys[k gS fd ^MkWDVj ikBd ds iz;klksa ds ifj.kke bl ckr ds vk'p;Ztud mnkgj.k gSa fd dSls ,d O;fDr yk[kksa yksxksa ds thou dks izHkkfor dj mUgsa csgrj cuk ldrk gSA* ;g iqjLdkj mUgsa LohMsu ds egkefge jktdqekj dkyZ fiQfyi ds dj&deyksa ls iznku fd;k x;kA 2011

la;qDr&jk"Vª dh vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd ifj"kn~ us lqyHk baVjus'kuy lks'ky lfoZl vkWxZukbts'ku dks viuk lkekU; ijke'kZnkrk fu;qDr fd;k gSA lqyHk dks ;g LFkku LoPNrk] ekuokfèkdkj] vLi`'rk&fuokj.k rFkk yk[kksa yksxksa ds thou esa lqèkkj&gsrq ;ksxnku ds fy, fn;k x;k gSA blds iwoZ lqyHk dks Lis'ky dUlyVsfVo LVsVl iznku fd;k x;k FkkA 2012

Hkkjr ds ekuuh; mPpre U;k;ky; us vius ,d vkns'k }kjk us'kuy lfoZl yhxy vFkkWfjVh dks lqyHk ls laidZ dj ;g tkudkjh ysus dk funsZ'k fn;k fd D;k og o`ankou ds ljdkjh vkJeksa esa jg jgh foèkokvksa dh lgk;rk dj ldrk gSA blds ckn ls MkWDVj ikBd vkSj mudh laLFkk lqyHk yxkrkj bu foèkokvksa dh lgk;rk djrs jgs gSaA yxHkx 800 foèkokvksa dks izfrekg 2]000 #i,] fpfdRlk vkSj ,Ecqysal dh lqfoèkk,¡ rFkk ekyk] vxjcÙkh cukus vkSj flykbZ&d<+kbZ djus dk izf'k{k.k fn;k tkrk gSA bu efgykvksa dks fganh] v¡xjsth vkSj c¡xyk i<+kbZ tkrh gSA bu vkJeksa esa vc gksyh] fnokyh&tSls ioZ euk, tkrs gSa rFkk bUgsa dbZ ckj fnYyh] dksydkrk vkSj vkxjk Hkh ys tk;k x;k gSA o"kZ 2014 esa fnYyh esa bUgksaus j{kkcaèku ds fnu izèkkuea=kh Jh ujsUæ eksnh dk n'kZu fd;k vkSj mUgsa jk[kh ck¡èkhA

7

2013

Úkal ds lhusV dh mikè;{k lqJh 'kkary twjnka us MkWDVj ikBd dks isfjl esa vHkwriwoZ vk;kstu esa ^ystsaM vkWo~ IySusV* mikfèk ls lEekfur fd;kA 2014

lqyHk 'kq¼ is; ty laLFkk dh uohure nsu gSA blesa unh] rkykc rFkk uy ds ty dks lqyHk&rduhd ls lkiQ fd;k tkrk gSA if'pe&c¡xky ds eèkqlwnu dkrh (24 ijxuk ftyk)] ek;kiqj vkSj eqf'kZnkckn esa ,sls 'kksèku&IykaV yxk, x, gSaA nks LFkkuksa esa xaxk dk ikuh vkSj eèkqlwnu dkrh esa rkykc dk ikuh lkiQ fd;k tkrk gSA cksry esa can 'kq¼ ty ek=k 50 iSls yhVj miyCèk djk;k tkrk gSA ubZ fnYyh esa lqyHk&ifjlj esa Hkh 'kq¼ ty ,-Vh-,e~- yxk;k x;k gSA 2015

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1968 Dr. Pathak joined the Bihar Gandhi Centenary Celebration Committee and was assigned the task to find out the solution to the problem of open defecation and an alternative to human scavenging to restore the human rights and dignity of untouchables to bring them in the mainstream of society on a par with others.

Dr. Pathak was deeply influenced and motivated with the life, the work and the teachings of Gandhi. At the same time he was not only pained and anguished but in fact tormented by the plight of the untouchables, loved so dearly by Gandhi, who even after so many years of Independence continued to remain marginalized, socially ostracized and still manually clean human excreta from the pit latrines carrying it as a headload for disposal.

1969 To find out the solution and build up rapport with the untouchables he went and lived in the colony of the untouchables in Bettiah, a small town in Champaran district, Bihar, coincidently the same place where Mahatma Gandhi had started his freedom movement to experience their miseries, humiliations and insults meted out by the people and also learn about their origin, their life and more so their culture.

While living with the untouchables in Bettiah, he was condemned by his own family, the community specially the Brahmins and also by his in-laws. So he was in two minds what to do and what not to do. One day he was going to have a cup of tea with some friends of the colony. They saw that a boy was attacked by a bull and people rushed to save him but somebody shouted from the crowd that the boy belongs to the untouchable colony. Dr. Pathak was shocked to see everybody leave him and go away. Then he and his friends took him to the nearby hospital where he died.

Dr. Pathak then took a vow to fulfill the dreams of Mahatma Gandhi and free the untouchables from this demeaning practice of cleaning human excreta manually.

From here his story begins.

1970 Mahatma Gandhi himself said that till untouchables clean nightsoil nobody will have food with the them so Dr. Pathak realized that there was a need of a technology which will replace the bucket toilets cleaned by them. After doing extensive research he invented the technology which would replace the bucket toilet. This invention of Dr. Pathak can be equated with the story of James Watt, who saw the steam coming out from the kettle, leading to his inventing the steam engine.

Similarly Dr. Pathak gave the concept that human excreta can be decomposed

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with the contact of soil and keeping this principle in mind he invented, innovated and developed the ecological two pit compost flush toilet which was popularized by the name of Sulabh Shaucalaya or Sulabh Toilet.

In this Sulabh Shauchalaya technology there are two pits. When one pit is full, the incoming excreta is diverted to the second pit. In about two years, the excreta gets digested and becomes dry and pathogen free, thus safe for handling as manure. Digested sludge is odourless and is a good manure and soil-conditioner.

This technological invention made a pathbreaking difference in the lives of untouchables.

With the advent of the Sulabh Shauchalaya, the women of the villages now go to the toilets with safety and dignity, without being affected by snake bite and unwanted social elements, girls also started going to schools etc. Had Dr. Pathak not invented this technology then there would have been no chance of ending the practice of manual cleaning of night soil and stopping defecation in the open.

The measure of success of the Sulabh two pit compost toilet is evident from the fact that United Nations Development Programme in its Human Development Report 2003 stated…. “pioneering work by Sulabh International, a non-governmental organization (NGO), has shown that human waste can be disposed of affordably and in a socially acceptable way….” More recently the BBC Horizons has also declared the Sulabh technologies as one of five unique inventions of the world.

Hon’ble Prime Minister’s clarion call to end the practice of defecation in the open from India and to provide toilets to each and every house by 2019, to pay tribute to Mahatma Gandhi on his 150th Birth Anniversary, is based on the technology invented by Dr. Pathak.

After the conversion of bucket toilets and construction of Sulabh Shauchalayas millions of scavengers have been freed from the sub-human occupation and shackles of untouchability.

After liberating these untouchable human scavengers Dr. Pathak ensured their livelihood and sustenance by giving them education, vocational training in different trades enabling them to get gainful employment. They have now learnt beautycare, tailoring, making pickle, papadam and masala, noodles, jam etc. Dr. Pathak has also helped them to perform rights, rituals and ceremonies of the Brahmins and upper caste. Now the untouchable scavengers, including those of Alwar and Tonk in Rajasthan have been freed from the shackles of untouchability.

In a landmark National function ‘Untouchability No More’ held on 13th April 2015 to mark the eve of the birth anniversary of Babasaheb Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar, the untouchables shared a common meal with Shri Rajnath Singh, Hon’ble Home Minister of India and also exchanged food with the Brahmins and upper castes who partook food from the hands of the untouchables.

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1970 Dr. Pathak founded Sulabh Shauchalaya Sansthan now known as Sulabh International Social Service Organisation on the principles that Government and NGOs will work together to solve the problems of manual scavenging and defecation in the open.

This organization has not received any grant or donation from within the country or outside. At present this organization has been working in 25 states, 4 UTs, 1599 towns and it has 50,000 volunteers to fulfill the dreams of Mahatma Gandhi.

1974 Dr. Pathak gave the concept of maintaining public toilets on â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;pay & useâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; basis. In 1876 an Act was passed by British Government to maintain public toilets in Calcutta on the same basis but it could not work. The public toilets in India had a melancholy distinction of being referred to as hell on the earth and nobody liked to go inside the public toilet to use them. Dr. Pathak introduced the pay and use system after a lapse of nearly a century after it was first advocated.

He got constructed the first public toilet in Patna, Bihar having 48 seats, 20 bathrooms, urinals, wash basins etc and provided soap powder to clean hands with round the clock maintenance. Initially there was skepticism and jokes were cracked about this new experiment and innovation that who will pay for the use of toilets in Patna, Bihar but the concept worked. 500 people came to use the toilet first day and it has been so successful that it was replicated throughout the country. Apart from other NGOs and companies, Sulabh on its own is maintaining 8000 public toilets in 25 states and 4 Union Territories in 1599 towns and cities which are used by 15 million people daily. This experiment of Dr. Pathak has crossed the national boundaries and gone international. In Kabul Sulabh is maintaining five public toilets with biogas plants which has acted as a boon for the local people and these inventions, innovations and experiments have been accepted in China, Bangladesh, Vietnam and many countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America.

1977 In 1977 Dr. Pathak invented, innovated and developed another technology of providing energy from human waste and also to treat the effluent water waste to be used as fertilizer or to discharge safely in the river bodies like Ganga, Yamuna etc. In this technology human excreta produces biogas and it is used for burning lamp, cooking food, warming oneself in winter season. The biogas is also converted into energy to supply as street light and the generator is run 100% on biogas. Water discharge from the biogas plant is treated very well and the BOD is less than one and to be used in maintaining public toilets or using as a fertilizer or discharged into water bodies.

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Sulabh has installed 200 biogas plants in the country and 5 biogas plants in Kabul, Afghanistan where the Sulabh biogas plants have been working very efficiently since their installation in 2007 till date. In 2007 when the temperature in Kabul went down to â&#x20AC;&#x201C;300C all the biogas plants worked very well. So this technology can work successfully even in the cold climate like Ladakh etc. or at the high altitudes.

In Patna the electricity produced from biogas was supplied from Kotwali Police station to Sanjay Gandhi Park for about 7 years without interruption. So the gas produced can be good source of alternative source of energy and it fulfills all the conditions of sustainable development.

1978 A National Seminar was organized in Patna by the Government of India where the representatives of all the State Governments, WHO, UNICEF participated. All these representatives went house to house to see the functioning of individual household toilets and also the maintenance of public toilets in Patna. After three days deliberation it was decided that both the technologies and the methodologies to implement the programme and to maintain public toilets should be extended to all parts of the country.

1980 On persuasion of Dr. Pathak, the then Ministry of Home Affairs got the programme of conversion of dry latrines into two pit pour flush toilets to get the scavengers relieved from sub-human occupation under Untouchability (Offences) Act 1955 was amended in 1976 and renamed as The Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955. In this programme in the first two years in 1980-82, five towns of Bihar were taken viz.

Biharsharif, Purnia, Daltaunganj, Chaibasa, Madhubani and later on this programme was extended to other states of India.

From 1980 onwards the WHO, UNICEF, UNDP, UN-Habitat, WSSCC and many other national and international organizations took up the programme of provision of toilets in the houses on the basis of technology invented by Dr. Pathak.

1983 Dr. Pathak took up the cause of training to the wards of scavengers when the then Prime Minister of India, Honâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ble Mrs. Indira Gandhi replied in Lok Sabha that on the one hand she wanted to relieve the scavengers from sub human occupation and on the other they should be trained and rehabilitated in other occupation. 1000 of boys and girls have been trained in different vocations or settled in their life. The training was such that none of the boys and girls remained unemployed.

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1991 Dr. Pathak was awarded Padma Bhushan by the Government of India.

1992 Dr. Pathak was conferred St. Francis Prize Canticle of All Creatures in ASSISI, Italy.

Before the award His Holiness Pope John Paul II gave an audience to Dr. Pathak.

1992 Dr. Pathak established a quality English medium school known as Sulabh Public School in New Delhi. In this school 60% of the children are from the weaker sections and the families of untouchables from whom no fees are charged. The other 40% are from other strata of society and there is absolutely no discrimination of any sort.

1994 Dr. Pathak set up Sulabh International Museum of Toilets in New Delhi, the first of its kind in the world. The museum, through artefacts, pictures, posters and other available materials, tells the story of the development of toilets through the ages.

This is the star attraction in the Sulabh campus and so far nearly 28 lacs people have visited the Museum.

1996 Dr. Pathak demonstrated an eco-friendly low-cost technology for waste water treatment through duckweed. The technology, besides having low operational and maintenance costs, gives economic return in terms of pisciculture.

2002 Dr. Pathak invented the Sulabh Effluent Treatment technology wherein biogas plants effluents from public toilets become odourless, colourless and pathogen free. The treated effluent is used for agriculture, aquaculture, cleaning public toilets and can be safely discharged into rivers and any other water bodies.

2003 Dr. Pathak adopted two towns of Rajasthan namely Alwar & Tonk for restoring the human rights and dignity of untouchables. Now these two towns are free from

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untouchability. There is no social discrimination and Brahmins and upper castes exchange food and pleasantries. They have acquired skills in various trades, are engaged in gainful employment and have started a new life and are easily able to assimilate in the mainstream of society.

2003 Dr. Pathak received Indira Gandhi Priyadarshani Award.

2009 Dr. Pathak was awarded Stockholm Water Prize by Stockholm International Water Institute at Stockholm, Sweden. An extract of the citation reads “……The results of Dr. Pathak’s endeavours constitute one of the most amazing examples of how one person can impact the well being of millions….”. The Prize was conferred on him by His Royal Highness Prince Carl Phillip of Sweden.

2011 United Nations the Economic and Social Council of has granted ‘General Consultative Status’ to Sulabh International Social Service Organisation for its outstanding contribution in the field of sanitation, human rights, removal of untouchability and improving the living conditions of millions of people. The Council had earlier granted Special Consultative status to Sulabh.

2012 The Hon’ble Supreme Court of India in an order directed the National Service Legal Authority (NALSA) to contact Sulabh to find out whether they could come forward to help the widows living in four Government Shelters in Vrindavan. Consequently, Dr. Pathak and his organization Sulabh has been working amongst the widows of Vrindavan providing them succor and relief since 2012. Sulabh has been substantially involved since then both in terms of financial help and also uplifting the lives and general conditions of the widows of Vrindavan. It was providing a monthly stipend of Rs 2000/- to nearly 800 widows per month, medical and ambulance facilities, giving them vocational training in garland making, tailoring, agarbatti making to make them self-reliant. The widows are also being taught English, Hindi and Bengali. To bring cheer and happiness in their lives Sulabh celebrated the festivals of Holi, Durga Puja, Diwali and Christmas with them and has also taken them on regular excursions to Delhi, Kolkata, Agra etc.

The high point came when these widows of Vrindavan met the Hon’ble Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi and tied Rakhi on his hands.

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2013 Vice President of the French Senate, Ms. Chantal Jourdan decorated Dr. Bindeshwar Pathak with the Legend of Planet honour in an exceptional private reception hosted by the President of France in Paris.

2014 The Sulabh Purified Drinking Water is the latest initiative from Sulabh. Impure water from the rivers, ponds, water bodies and taps is purified by the Sulabh technologies and becomes safe for human consumption. Sulabh has installed water treatment plants to make the Sulabh Purified Drinking Water at three sites in West Bengal, namely Madhusudankati (24 Parganas, near Bangladesh border), Mayapur and Murshidabad. Raw water is drawn from the river Ganga in Mayapur and Murshidabad, while in Madhusudankati it is taken from a local pond. After its treatment at the Sulabh Water Treatment Plant, the water from the river/pond becomes purified and absolutely safe for drinking. Sulabh is bottling this water which is known as Sulabh Safe Drinking Water which is available for Rs. 0.50 paise per litre. At the entrance of Sulabh Campus it is also available in the Sulabh Water ATM.

2015 The stairs at Assi Ghat of the holy city Varanasi were covered with dirty mud, common visitors and pilgrims could not use the Ghat. Honâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ble Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi started a cleaning campaign digging the dust himself with a spade on November 8, 2014. Sulabh International Social Service Organisation, thereafter cleaned all the 52 stairs thoroughly and the Ghat was opened for all on February 22, 2015. Now Ganga Aarti takes place there at 5:00 a.m. along with Yoga Camp and Hawan. Several cultural programmes are held there in the evenings.

The Ghat has became a visiting place for the tourists as well as for shooting of films. Deluxe Modern Sulabh Public Toilets have been built there. Now Assi Ghat has became a holy place that it had been in the past as well as a tourist place of interest.

Dr. Pathak has participated in more than 100 national and international conferences, seminars and presented his papers on wide ranging topics specially on sanitation, social justice, untouchabilty etc.

The activities of Sulabh International Social Service Organisation have been widely appreciated by renowned personalities as well as by National and International leaders and Organisations.

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