Mind the Gap - Regional Planning Studio Report

MIND the [ ] GAP_

2

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Chapter Title

MIND the [ ] GAP_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Spanning the disconnect between the abstract concepts of circularity and individual lifestyles through interventions by the creative workforce within the context of the Amsterdam Metropolitan Area.

Team:

Tutors:

Eva Labrujere Rashid Ayoubi Reza Pradana Selina Abraham Yue Mao

Hamed Khosravi Lei Qu Marcin Dabrowski

3

CONTENTS

00

Abstract

6-7

Introduction

9-23

Context Problem Statement Opportunities Problem Statement Strengths Objectives

01

Theoretical Framework

02

24 - 33

Introduction Research Questions Circular Economy Creative Industry Metropolitan Landscape Conclusions References

03 04

Approach

34 - 39

Scope Methodology

Analysis

40 - 55

Regional Analysis of Material Flows Regional Analysis of Morphology and Typology Spatial Mapping the Creative Industry

05

Strategy

58 - 71

Spatial Strategy Peri-urban Strategy Design Strategy Design Principles Governance Strategy Time-line Project Overview

06

Tactic Library

72 - 87

Project Interventions

88 - 141

Typology Overview Project 1 - To Engage Project 2 - To Demonstrate Project 3 - To Link Cycles Project 4 - To Close Cycles Regional Spatial Impact Map Vision Map

07 08

Reflections

142 - 147

Scientific Contribution Recommendations for Future Research Ethical Reflection

09

Appendix

A: Individual Reflections B: Creative Industry Mapping C: References D: The Team

148 - 163

ABSTRACT The research project seeks to address circular economy and the closing of material flows in the context of the metropolitan region of Amsterdam (AMA). This is done by using the potential of the region’s highly concentrated creative industry to create spatial interventions in the peri-urban regions of the AMA, in order to close material flows, link different cycles, make them visible to create awareness and demonstrate a sustainable lifestyle. The scope of the project was narrowed to address the individual lifestyles of the material cycle, to address the disconnect between the abstract concepts of circularity and the people. The project also seeks to enable and facilitate the creative industry through policies and incentives to retain the workforce in the region. To achieve this, the AMA was analyzed with respect to material flows at a regional scale, regional morphology of the AMA and spatial factors relevant specifically to the metropolitan region. The resultant synthesis was used to identify eight intervention zones, each representing a typology of the peri-urban region. Spatial interventions were proposed, that were relevant to the material flows, stake-holders, the creative industry and the people’s lifestyle. The conclusions of each typology determined square would then be relevant in similar typologies at the regional scale forming a comprehensive regional spatial strategy for the region.

keywords circular economy, sustainability, creative industry, amsterdam metropolitan region, placemaking, sustainable lifestyles

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Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Based on our first impressions, and initial research of the Amsterdam Metropolitan Region (AMA), we identified opportunities, problems and strengths to work with.

9

INTRODUCTION Context Problem Statement Opportunities Problem Statement Strengths Objectives Research Questions

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Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Image 1. The AMA Source - Author(s) 2017

36

Amsterdam Center

Markemeer

Municipalities

Zaanstreek

Waterland +

IJmond

Haarlem

Flevoland

Amsterdam IJmeer

Agglomeration of surrounding areas City of Amsterdam Municipality Border

Agglomeration of Neighbouring Boundaries

Peri-urban and Rural Areas

Haarlememeer

Het Gooi en Vechtstreek

Peri-urban and rural areas

Image 2. Urban Density in the AMA. Source – Gementee-Amsterdam, 3 Zones - Municipality border, Agglomeration (connected building area), Metropolitan Region Amsterdam Available at: http://www.aebamsterdam.com/ (Accessed 05 March 2017)

1.1

Image 3. The 36 Municipalities of the AMA Source - Redrawn by Author(s) based on data from Gemeente-Amsterdam (2016) Metropoolregio Amsterdam in cijfers 2016 - Onderzoek, Informatie en Statistiek, Amsterdam: Gemeente-Amsterdam.

75%

mil

households

230 1.5 k

2.4 people

companies

jobs

mil

creative industry in NL located in the AMA

Image 4. Statistics for the Amsterdam Metropolitan Region.

Source - Amsterdam-Metropolitan-Area (2016) MRA Agenda 2016-2020, Amsterdam.

Icons from ‘the Noun Project’. Available: https://thenounproject.com

Introduction

11

amsterdam metropolitan region The AMA The purpose of this research is to design a framework for professionals from the creative industry to achieve sustainable urban development and circularity in the use of resources, buildings and infrastructure which could lead to a regional vision of a more sustainable lifestyle. This is undertaken in the context of the Amsterdam Metropolitan Area (AMA).

Fishing Villages

1200s

Geographically

the

Amsterdam

Metropolitan

Area

(AMA) is part of larger Metropolitan Network, called the Deltametropolis. The Dutch Deltametropolis [Image 1] is a collection of several small and medium sized cities, with the AMA as one of the most dominant players in the network.

The metropolis is internationally best known for its flat polder landscape, windmills and small villages. The Dutch preference for equalitarian politics and a fear for the ‘big city’ has resulted in a metropolis without a single cosmopolitan center of power and culture. This makes the Deltametropolis very different from other European cities like London and Paris, which typically feature a single metropolitan center. It provides planners with a unique context where the regional landscape is interwoven with the built-up area. Within the Deltametropolis, the Ranstad (ring city) is an agglomeration of three major cities, Amsterdam, the national capital of the Netherlands, Den Haag, the political center, and the central seaport at Rotterdam. The technological centers are located within smaller university towns like Delft and Leiden.

The AMA fits into the northern part of the Randstad. It is a region consisting of the city of Amsterdam and multiple expansion

Trade Hub

locations primarily Almere, IJmond, and Haarlemmermeer.

1700s

[Image 2] It is composed of urban, peri-urban and rural areas and includes 36 municipalities. [Image 3] And is located within two provinces – North Holland and Flevoland. (GemeenteAmsterdam, 2016). Significant features of the region include

Financial Centre

1900s

the Schiphol Airport and the Port of Amsterdam. AMA is a key economic and political player with significant social, economic and political institutions based in the region.

Logistics Hub

2000s Furthermore, the region is home to 2.4 million people, 1.1

Creative Knowledge Economy

2006

Circular Economy

2016

million households, 230 thousand companies and 1.5 million jobs. Coincidentally, of all the creative industry workforce working in the Netherlands, 75 percent of the workforce are located in the AMA region. This characteristic in particular made it suitable to undertake a research project to define a framework for circularity specifically for the creative workforce.

Image 5. Development Trends in the AMA Image by Author(s) 2017 Source: Bontje, M., & Sleutjes, B. (2007). The Amsterdam Metropolitan Area: towards a creative knowledge region. Pathways to creative and knowledge-based cities: The case of Amsterdam. ACRE Report, 2.

The AMA’s economic prowess can also be attributed to the creative industries. It delivers 5% (4.3 billion EUR) of additional economical value and 5% (over 90,000) jobs in the region (Amsterdam Economic Board, 2014).

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Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

1

2

9

AEB Amsterdam (Afval Energie Bedrijf, or Waste Energy Company) and an expansion of the district heating grid has been a main player in sustainable energy production. AEB Amsterdam annually, converts 99% of the 1.4 million tons 3

4

of municipal and into sustainable energy and raw materials.

AEB Amsterdam is the main sources of renewable energy on Amsterdam territory (71%) (Gemeente-Amsterdam, 2012).

5

6

10

Buiksloterham is a neighborhood in the north of Amsterdam, is a unique project serving as a “living test bed” for Amsterdam’s broader transition to become a “circular, smart, and biobased city”. However, within Amsterdam, Buiksloterham is a rare case.

7

8

it also has many features that make it a good case study for the transformation of other post-industrial neighborhoods in cities

Multiple plans and documents have been published by the

around the world. (Metabolic et.al., 2014) The development of

AMA and associated organisations on circular economy.

such unique projects have been facilitated in the AMA.

Introduction

13

opportunities a Sustainable Agenda for the AMA The AMA features a very enthusiastic and powerful municipal body. As a part of their joint sustainable agenda, they seek transistion into a circular economy.

The consortium is a key influential stakeholder that forms an opportunity in the region.

There are many initiatives taken by the municipal bodies that make up the AMA that show that they are actively implementing Circular Economy in the region. This can be seen in the many visions and agenda’s made by the AMA and it’s municipalities and also in projects where circularity has already been implemented .

‘Circular Amsterdam’ (Circle Economy, 2016) is the municipality of Amsterdam’s vision and agenda for a Circular Economy. It recognizes the city of Amsterdam as a pioneer of Circular Economy and sees great potential in the construction chain and the organic residual stream chain to further the development of a Circular Economy in the city of Amsterdam. This can lead to a saving of 900.00 tonnes of bio-mass annually and 500.000 tonnes of construction materials by 2040.

The AMA agenda 2016-2020 (MRA, 2016)Strives to have an AMA region that is internationally competitive but that also has a clean economy. This is to be achieved by preserving the built environment, expansion of thermal networks and upscaling of smart grids.

There are also projects in the AMA region that are already implementing concepts of Circular Economy. The AEB for example is a Waste Incineration plant owned by the city of Amsterdam, that provides electricity for 300.000 households and heating for 15.000 households by burning waste from households, businesses and the UK .

Images 1-10 - Large Scale Incentives in the AMA towards a Circular Economy Sources:1,3,4 - Circular Amsterdam. Available: http://www. circle-economy.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/CircularAmsterdam-EN-small-210316.pdf 2 - Amsterdam-Metropolitan-Area (2016) MRA Agenda 20162020, Amsterdam.Icons from ‘the Noun Project’. Available: https://thenounproject.com 5,6 - Gemeente-Amsterdam (2012) Towards the Amsterdam Circular Economy. Amsterdam.

7 - PUMA. Available: http://waag.org/sites/waag/files/public/ media/publicaties/prospecting-the-urban-mines-of-amsterdam. pdf 8. Nederland circulair 2050. Available: https://www.rijksoverheid. nl/binaries/rijksoverheid/documenten/rapporten/2016/09/14/ bijlage-1-nederland-circulair-in-2050/bijlage-1-nederlandcirculair-in-2050.pdf 9 - aebAmsterdam Aeb Facility Amsterdam. [Photograph].

Available at: http://www.aebamsterdam.com/ (Accessed 05 March 2017) 10 - Buiksloterham. Photograph. Author(s)

References Circle Economy,. (2016). Circular Amsterdam. Amsterdam: Gemeente Amsterdam.

MRA,. (2016). AMA agenda 2016-2020. Amsterdam: MRA.

“circular economy is the blueprint for sustainability” (MacArthur, 2013)

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Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

“

During the excursion we visited Buiksloterham, a neighborhood where circularity concepts are fully integrated in the design of the neighborhood. This picture was taken during the excursion and it depicts a sign showing that the trash recycling point is around the building. This inhabitant however decided to place their trash under the sign instead. This picture forms the starting point for this entire project because it sparked the realization that if the the people do not participate, circularity concept that are implemented will not function efficiently.

Image 6 - Unsustainable Practices Photograph Source - Author(s) 2017

Introduction

Problem Statement Despite the large amount of research and projects underway in the area, there is a dissociation between the everyday lifestyle of the people and the processes of circular economy. For instance, compared to other similar cities, Amsterdam lacks in segregation of waste. Amsterdam produces an average of 322kg of household waste per person of which only 19 percent is segregated. Comparable European cities have a much higher segregation rate, Vienna manages 45 percent (Gemeente-Amsterdam, 2015). The AMA municipalities aim to achieve 65 to 75 percent segregation by 2020. This can only be achieved by cooperation from the city’s inhabitants

the project seeks to address

the disassociation between the abstract concepts of sustainability and people’s lifestyle

and a change in lifestyle coupled with increased awareness is critical. An analysis of the final end use of energy in the EU-28 in 2014 shows three dominant categories: namely, transport (33.2 %), industry (25.9 %) and households (24.8 %) (Eurostat 2014). While the used amount of electricity in the Netherlands by households between 1990-2013 shows an average increase of 1,7% yearly with a stronger trend the last years. ( CBS, PBL, Wageningen UR, 2014). Energy efficiency can only be achieved by cooperation from the city’s inhabitants. A change in lifestyle coupled with increased awareness is critical. Also the research from the national government, found on the website from the ‘Compendium voor de Leefomgeving’, shows the amount of people aged older than 18, that consider the environment as a

sustainability

relevant societal issue. This has drastically decreased to only 4 percent of the people in 2012.

At present, the environmental and economic aspects of sustainability have overshadowed the social aspects of sustainability (See Chaper 2). (Dillard et al., 2008) One of the many ways that this manifests itself is that that the concept of sustainability remains an abstract construct disconnected from people at a personal level.

people’s lifestyles

Data Sources - Voedcentrum Voedselverspilling door consumenten Factsheet (2016), Available: http://www.voedingscentrum.nl/Assets/ Uploads/voedingscentrum/Documents/Professionals/Pers/Factsheets/ Factsheet%20Bewaren%20van%20voedsel_Voedingscentrum_mei%20 2016.pdf - Milieu Centraal en Voedingscentrum (2011). Voedselverspilling: miljarden in de vuilnisbak. Deskstudie in opdracht van Agro & Co, 14 pp.

Eurostat (2014). Consumption of Energy. Available at: ec.europa.eu/ euostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Consumption_of_energy - CBS, PBL, Wageningen UR (2014). Energieverbruik door huishoudens, 1990-2013 (indicator 0035, versie 19 , 29 september 2014 ). www. compendiumvoordeleefomgeving.nl. CBS, Den Haag; Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving, Den Haag/Bilthoven en Wageningen UR, Wageningen.

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Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

who constitute

the creative industry?

CREATIVE INDUSTRIES IN THE AMA economical importance c.i. %

NL

Europe’s creative regions

40.312 90.727

1. A’DAM 2. HILVERSUM 3. HAARLEM 4. ALMERE 5. ZAANSTAD

(2011)

A’DAM

#14

AMA

ranked

€ 4.300.000.000

added value # businesses # jobs

concentration of CI in AMA with A’DAM as focal area

leading: industrial design

businesses

SME (MKB) I.P.’s (ZZP’ers)

average

freelancers

C.I. businesses 17,3% (NL10%)

starters

1p 65%

4,7% 10- 99p

40.312

2,3p

(NL5,5)

creative business services

advertising

arts

performing art

media & entertainment

writing & artistic creation

many starters

movie production few fastly developing businesses

many quitters

trending

jobs

63 permanent 37 temporary jobs in C.I. 7% (NL3,5%)

(0,1%)

photography

highest rate of employment

€

below 21.908 average above average (61%)

‘10 - ‘14

+1% vol.of labor

fashion - digital media - advertising - design

creative business services

arts

media & entertainment

70% >35H

within c.b.s even 80%

90.727

highest self-employment rate (71%) largest workforce

who are they

AMBITION PASSION mostly men (within c.b.s even 8/10!)

2/3

many initiatives

PRIDE

HONESTY

100%

30% has a degree

mostly hbo or higher

13% many western immigrants mostly in arts (1/6)

15-34

!

35-44

45-64

physical > digital

nerd

bohemian

captain

sector

science, ICT and technology,

languages, humanities, design, communication and arts

music and television production

w/l

works + lives separately

likely to work from home, working and living intertwined.

work from home & sub-office in the city

living

prefers green, attractive suburb or in the countryside

urban environment, in/close to city, urban lifestyle

residences in the countryside

Introduction

strengths

the roles they can play

why the creative industry?

le, yle,

17

a highly concentrated Creative Industry individual / community passing through circular principles, carrying out lifestyle, could help others with that a collective of them could start local circular initiatives

why are they

relevant?

business/educ. institute creative cluster passing through knowledge, events, digital & physical platforms, The AMA consortium acknowledges the importance of through product or their services, placemaking, raising awareness, having a visible process, sharing knowledge, thecircular creative industry for the economy and innovation, therefore has awareness, co-creation and created a strategy; ‘Clusterstrategie Creatieve Industrie’. innovation, placemaking?

Their goal is to upscale the creative industries in the AMA and to bring it in a central position as innovation motor for other sectors. Ranked 14th within Europes

highly represented and very 1 visible sector in AMA creative business/educ. business/educ.institute institute creativecluster cluster

4

creative there is a need to compete in order to closelyregions, connected to people example: Westergasfabriek highest visitation rate

improve that comparison position (Amsterdam Economic Board, 2014). of 140 global passing passingthrough throughknowledge, knowledge, events, events,digital digital&&physical physicalplatforms, platforms, through throughproduct productoror their theirservices, services, placemaking,raising raisingawareness, awareness, small-sized businessesplacemaking, morethe affiliated sustainable values Within AMA,with there is a concentration in the city of sharing sharingknowledge, knowledge,innovation, innovation, having havinga avisible visiblecircular circular process, = moreprocess, flexibility to change awareness, awareness,co-creation co-creationand and Amsterdam. Based on the added value of the creative innovation, innovation,placemaking? placemaking? industries of the cities in the AMA, the amount of bussinesses spill - over on other sectors affects economy as whole and the creative workforce, Amsterdam is largest contributor, high on agenda of AMA followed by Hilversum (being the largest media hub of the

5

2 3

44 55

closelyconnected connectedtotopeople people closely

country), Haarlem, Almere, and Zaanstad. Together they are

example: example:Westergasfabriek Westergasfabriekhighest highestvisitation visitationrate rate ofof140 140global globalcomparison comparison

accountable for generating 27,9% of the total added value of the creative industry in the Netherlands (Gemeente Amsterdam

more moreaffiliated affiliatedwith withsustainable sustainablevalues values

Bureau Onderzoek en Statistiek, 2012). Often mentioned as large factor of the industry’s importance, is the spill-over effect of the creative sector towards other sectors.This especially goes for the subsectors of Digital Media and the Creative business services, explaining why these are especially high on the agenda of the AMA (Amsterdam Economic Board, 2014).

Further it is an important notion that the industry seems to be stronger related to sustainable values than other industries.

In the ‘Monitor Creatieve Industrie’ from the municipality of Amsterdam, sustainability is pointed as one of the issues

circular and creative lifestyles

holding a growing role in the creative industry (Gemeente Amsterdam Bureau Onderzoek en Statistiek, 2012) (Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and Dutch Ministry of Education,

With the unique flexibile nature and Culture and Science, 2009). As well stated by Unesco research, the close relation to people’s lifestyle, is that the cultural and creative sector is a driver and enabler we believe that creative workforce can of sustainable development, (Unesco UN System Task Team, be the agents and a catalyst for our 2012) having environmental, social and economical impact. projects to reach the objectives. policy, Delftalso describes how the industries based on creative 1. Romain, A.,Trip, J.J., (2012), People climate - Intangible urban qualities in local economic Hartley 2. MediaLab Amsterdam, (2013), Creative City - Connecting the Creative Scene in Amsterdam 3. Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, content (2009), and new communications technologies are well suited Creative Value - Culture and Economy Policy paper, (2009), Den Haag p. 24, p.26 to environmentally and socially sustainable development, 4. Stam, E., De Jong, J.P.J., Marlet, G., (2008), Creative industries in the Netherlands: structure, development, innovativeness and effects on urban growth, Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 90 (2): 119–132 and Bureau are peopled by innovators 5. Urlings, N., Braams, N., (2011), Creatieve industrie in Nederland - Creatieve beroepen, Centraal voor de Statistiek, Den Haag, and entrepreneurs who retrieved from https://www.cbs.nl/NR/rdonlyres/7C94DCC5-B419-4FC4-A73E-332317917B18/0/2011creatieveindustriecreatieveberoepen.pdf share themelves sympathies with counter-cultural values.

6. Sociaal-Economische Raad en Raad voor Cultuur, (2016), Verkenning Arbeidsmarkt Cultuursector, Huisdrukkerij SER, Den Haag, p.47, p.64 7. Gemeente Amsterdam, Bureau Onderzoek en Statistiek, (2012), Monitor Creatieve Industrie MRA 2012 - Eindrapportage, Amsterdam environment and deal fairly with fellow humans (Hartley. 2005).

8. Amsterdam Economic Board, (2014), Clusterstrategie Creatieve Industrie 2014-2020 - Naar een Europese toppositie door demonstreerbaar leidend te zijn in innovatief en creatief vermogen, Amsterdam 9. Unesco UN System Task Team, (2012), UN System Task Team on the post-2015 UN Development Agenda - Culture: a driver and an enabler of sustainable development 10. Icons from Thomas Helbig from the Noun Project

And eventually become a front-runner and trend-setter of the envisioned sustainable and circular lifestyle in the Amsterdam Metropolitan Area (AMA).

ualities qualitiesininlocal localeconomic economicpolicy, policy,Delft Delft

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Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Rhein-Ruhr (DE)

De

N

+

+

Concentric Zone model (Burgess)

=

Radial Sector model (Hoyt)

W

E

“The M (MRA) innova Deltametrop embe

Rhein-Ruhr (DE)

Multiple Nuclei model (Harris & Ullman)

N

JANDIRK HO HOLLAND

S

+

London (UK)

+ Francisco (US)= San

N

Milan (IT)

W

E

N

Concentric Zone model (Burgess)

Radial Sector model (Hoyt)

“The Metropolitan Regio (MRA) is a vibrant metro innovations flourish and embedded in a historica

N

Multiple Nuclei model (Harris & Ullman)

JANDIRK HOEKSTRA, PROVINCIAL LANDSCAPE A HOLLAND IN KWALITEITSBEELD MRA LANDSCH

S

London (UK) N

W

San Francisco (US) E

W

E

Milan (IT)

N

W

E

W

E

S

N

W

E

W

E

S

Toronto (CA) N

S

Paris (FR) N

S

Toronto (CA)

Taipei (TW)

S

Paris (FR)

N

N

S

W

Taipei (TW)

N

N

W

W

E

W

W

E

E

W

E

S

S

S

N

N

W

E

N

W

E

E

W

W

E

E

River

Wetland

Beach

Mountain

Ravine

E

S

Heathland

Forest

Farmland

Historic area

Built area

S

S

River

Wetland

Beach

Mountain

Ravine

S

Heathland

Images - DNA Sequencing of the Metropolitan Landscape. Source - Nefs, M., Geuze, A. and Bos, E. 2016. Blind spot. Deltametropolis Association.

Forest

MAIN LANDSCAP

Peat meadows River waterfronts Beach & dunesMAI Peat Polders (farmland) Historical centers River Wetlands Beac Forest

W

S

S

Lake

Deltametropolis (NL)

N

N

Ocean

Deltametropolis (NL)

Johannesburg (ZA)

N

W

S

Johannesburg (ZA)

Rio de Janeiro (BR)

Rio de Janeiro (BR)

Lake

E

E

S

S

Ocean

W

W

Farmland

Historic area

Built area

Pold Histo Wetl Fore

Chapter Title

19

strengths

a unique metropolitan landscape identity

Deltametropool, a research and design arssoiciation, developed a collaborative publication - called the Blind Spot. The

Cities of the Dutch Deltametropolis are relatively small in size

document analyses the identity of multiple

and are often disperesed but clustered closely together. After

cities using specific criteria. The diagrams

the Second World War, Dutch cities, grew due to trends of

draw up the most prominent elements in the metropolitan landscape that can be reached within a time span of 1.5 hours

Dutch Deltametropolis developed to from compact cities in a wide agricultural landscape “towards an almost continuous urban field interwoven with patches of agriculture land

from the region’s main population centers.

and green space”. However, there are larger and relatively

The metropolitan landscape diagrams

untouched green entities in this region, for example the

combine three of the main economic city

Groene Hart or the Green Heart, a central agricultural feature

models of the 20th century: the Concentric

in the Ranstad, as well as the green agricultural land between

Zone model (Burgess), the Radial Sector

the Hague and Rotterdam. In some areas, agriculture morhped

model (Hoyt) and the Multiple Nuclei

E)

suburbanization and the advent of the auto industry. Slowly the

Deltametropolis (NL) (Nefs et al., 2016). model (Harris and Ullman)

with urban typologies in form of green houses and logistic centers, for example the Greenport. The Deltametropolis is regarded “worldwide as one of the main players in the agrofood sector.” Today, the inhabitants of the Deltametropolis, have a unique and varied living experience, a meld of both

E

“The Metropolitan Region of Amsterdam (MRA) is a vibrant metropolis where economic innovations flourish and whose dynamics are embedded in a historical and unique landscape.”

urban and rural elements (Nefs et al., 2016).

N

JANDIRK HOEKSTRA, PROVINCIAL LANDSCAPE ADVISOR OF THE PROVINCE NORTH HOLLAND IN KWALITEITSBEELD MRA LANDSCHAP, 2015

90 MIN

60 MIN 30 MIN E

15 MIN

) W

E

E

(NL)

E

MAIN LANDSCAPE FEATURES

Peat meadows River waterfronts Beach & dunes Polders (farmland) Historical centers Wetlands Forest

S

MAIN ECONOMIC SECTORS Logistics & trade Financial services Information technology Biotechnology Agro-food Marine engineering Government & diplomacy automotive Nanotechnology

The unique meld of natural landscape with urban built environment makes the AMA a interesting location for place-making projects.

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Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

1

Introduction

21

strengths Landscape Identity and the Creative Industry “Ugly Landscape scares away Talent”

Many metropolises have successfully attracted talent and capital using a strong landscape identity. Not only does high landscape attractiveness draw highly skilled professionals to region, it also increases the quality of

Even more business parks, greenhouses

life for the current inhabitants. While attracting highly

and windmills in the Netherlands: that

skilled professionals, there are three important features

would be disastrous. Also for the economy,

to consider in the metropolitan landscape. Firstly,

according to Adriaan Geuze, ‘the guru of the landscape’.

inner -city interactive environments with mixed use of functions. Secondly, the option of green suburban environments and thirdly, recreational environments.

In the article, he argues that the quality of

At present, the unique Dutch landscape is at risk,

the landscape is an important factor for

because it urban development and infrastructure is

economic succes, as a main attractor of

very fragmented. And, open space is being eaten into,

high-skilled creative and entrepreneurial

by the cities in the Netherlands. And at present the

workers. Geuze is professor of landscape

municipality does not acknowledge the value of the

architecture in Wageningen and founder of West8 in Rotterdam, a bureau for urbanism and landscape design.

Image - Landscape Attractiveness in the Media Source - Dirks, B (2016) Ugly country deters talent, Financial Times [Newspaper Article] Available: http://www.deltametropool.nl/site/ getfile.php?id=600

Landscape identity of the region.

A strong landscape identity not only contributes to the place-making potential of the region, but also to the health and well-being of the inhabitants. Additionally, it draws highly skilled professionals who can contribute to the economy of the region.

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Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Introduction

23

objectives Based on our preliminary analysis of the existing condition in the Amsterdam Metropolitan region, coupled with our first

01

02

to use the creative potential to span the disconnect between abstract concepts of circularity and people’s lifestyles

impressions, we postulated a three-fold objective for the

finding methods to intervene in the material flows, spatially

What we mean with our goal regarding a sustainable

design strategy.

Vision A more sustainable way of lifestyle in the Amsterdam Metropolitan Region by the year 2050.

lifestyle (visionary version)?

We aim for a more sustainable lifestyle adopted by as many as people possible within the Amsterdam Metropolitan Region by the year 2050.

03

to preserve the landscape attractiveness of the region to attract highly skilled creative professionals and add value to the economy

To avoid misinterpretations of our intention, we will elucidate this. We would like to reach every person who is able to, to an understanding of the concept of sustainability and circularity, its importance, and consequently, the need for change.

Therefore, part of that understanding, includes the awareness of the fact that every person individually also has an impact on the earth, caused by their lifestyle. (The lifestyle of a particular person or group of people is the living conditions,

Image - Mind the Gap Objectives Source - Diagrams by Author(s) 2017

behaviour, and habits that are typical of them or are chosen by them - definition by Collins Dictionary). And, in that extend, feels a certain responsibility regarding the change towards a sustainable society.

Then, from this large group we are aiming for the largest amount as possible that will (from out this responsibility), become willing to, and subsequently indeed change their behaviour in order to contribute to sustainability in a way they feel it suites them. This includes; thrifty use of electricity, water, food, heating, and products, (for example separating waste, switching lights and devices off, less car driving, washing on 30 degrees, buying fair trade food, saving electricity), and possibly also more pro-active actions (starting up green energy initiatives, setting up carpooling, growing own food, educating about sustainable principles in schools).

24

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

The Theoretical Framework is a compilation of different theories that defined the basis of the project.

25

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Introduction Research Questions Circular Economy Creative Industry Metropolitan Landscape Conclusions References

26

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Introduction

Research Questions

This research design project seeks to address the disassociation between the abstract concepts of sustainability and circularity, and people’s lifestyles, within the context of the Amsterdam Metropolitan Region (AMA). Briefly, the project is determined within the backdrop of the municipal body’s agenda towards a circular economy in the AMA, but statistics at a household and individual scale seem to undermine their efforts [Image 1]. The main objective is to design a framework for professionals from the creative industry to achieve sustainable urban development and circularity in the use of resources, buildings, and infrastructure.

This would lead to a vision of a more sustainable lifestyle at a regional scale and a sense of place linked with circularity and sustainability. For the purpose of this project, it was important to elaborate on a few of the theories that would be used to address the project objectives. Significant potential features of the region to achieve this, is the high concentration of a highly skilled creative industry and a unique urban metropolitan landscape.

1.1

the consumer causing of wastage

38%

How can the potential of the highly concentrated creative workforce in the AMA region be used to bridge the disconnection between the abstract concepts of circular economy and individual lifestyles through regional spatial planning and design?

1.2

Sub Research Questions

What is a circular economy? What is the Amsterdam Metropolitan Region? What are the aspects of circular economy that are relevant to a metropolitan region?

Why is it important to address individual lifestyles? What role does sustainability play in regional planning?

What is the creative industry? Who constitute the creative industry, specifically to the Amsterdam Metropolitan Region? Why are they relevant? What are the possibilities for the creative industry to spatially intervene in the material flows?

What is the Metropolitan Landscape? Why is landscape attractiveness of the region important? Why is it necessary to contain urban sprawl and what are the merits of a compact city? What is the peri-urban morphology? Why is it relevant to the region?

CONCERN

end use of energy

19% of Household

about the environment ages 18>

24,8% -HOLDS HOUSE

WASTE is SEPARATED

MUNICIPALITY IS targetting

and their electricity use

1,7%

yearly

RISES

90-13

BIGGEST WASTER

Main Research Question

4% ‘82

‘86

‘89

‘94 ‘97

‘06 ‘10 ‘12

65-75% separation rates

Image 1. Data on un-sustainable lifestyle Choices Source - Redrawin by Author(s) a) Eurostat (2014). Consumption of Energy. Available at: ec.europa.eu/euostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Consumption_of_energy [accessed March 13, 2016]. b) CBS, PBL, Wageningen UR (2014). Energieverbruik door huishoudens, 1990-2013 (indicator 0035, versie 19 , 29 september 2014 ). www.compendiumvoordeleefomgeving.nl. CBS, Den Haag; Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving, Den Haag/Bilthoven en Wageningen UR, Wageningen. c) Gemeente-Amsterdam (2012) Towards the Amsterdam Circular Economy. Amsterdam.

Theoretical Framework

Circular economy and the AMA 2.1

What is the AMA?

The AMA is a consortium of 36 municipalities within the

AMA

north-western part of the Netherlands [Image 2]. It fits into the northern part of the Randstad (literally translated to ‘the Ring City’), an agglomeration of four major cities – Amsterdam, Rotterdam, the Hague and Utrecht – together forming a deltametropolis [Image 3]. The AMA is not to be confused with the city of Amsterdam, it includes additional expansion locations primarily Almere, IJmond, and Haarlemmermeer. It is composed of urban, peri-urban and rural typologies. (Gemeente-

The Hague

Amsterdam, 2016). Significant features of the region

Utrecht

include the Schiphol Airport and the Port of Amsterdam.

The AMA is a key economic and political player with

Rotterdam

significant social, economic and political institutions based in the region. At present, the consortium has adopted a sustainable policy, in which circular economy

Image 2. The Ranstad - a deltametropolis Source - Author(s) 2017

is a central aspect.

2.2

Circular Economy in a Metropolitan Region

Since the advent of the industrial economy, our lifestyle has been defined by a “take-make-dispose” pattern. This linear process has involved the extraction

Markemeer

of material resources, their transformation, use and eventually disposal. This linear process has not only put a high demand on our natural resources, but it has also

Zaanstreek

Haarlem

circular economy. In a circular economy, products are

Flevoland

Amsterdam IJmeer

increased production costs. This has resulted in interest for companies and governments to move towards a

Waterland +

IJmond

Haarlememeer

Het Gooi en Vechtstreek

designed for reuse, refurbishments and disassembly.

At its core lies the “improvement of material selection, standardization of components and purer material flows”. In contrast, eco-efficiency (conventional recycling), where material flows are still linear, but the end products are recycled. In this case, the waste is downgraded to reduce the toxicity of the material flows.

But in a circular economy, the objective is to generate cyclical metabolisms, that enables materials to maintain their status as resources and their value increases by upcycling.

Image 3. The 36 Municipalities of the AMA Source - Redrawn by Author(s) based on data from Gemeente-Amsterdam (2016) Metropoolregio Amsterdam in cijfers 2016 - Onderzoek, Informatie en Statistiek, Amsterdam: Gemeente-Amsterdam.

27

28

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

The MacArthur Foundation, states that “circular economy

making and by the availability of opportunities for

is the blue-print for sustainability” (MacArthur, 2013).

decision making” (Dillard et al., 2008).

The consortium of municipalities in the Amsterdam have identified six material flows relevant to a metropolitan

Hence, sustainability cannot be a rigid set of rules that

region. These are the cycles of heat, energy, water,

can be forced on the public. It needs to account people’s

waste, food and phosphate (Gemeente-Amsterdam,

needs in different spectra. Sustainable policies can only

2012). Today many metropolitan regions like London,

succeed when people are involved in a collaborative

Hamburg, Rotterdam and Amsterdam, all have ambitions

manner, where they can have a say in the transformation

to embed circular economy into their urban operations.

of the built environment (Dillard et al., 2008). People

But how can we consolidate local ambitions and global

need to be at the center of any successful sustainable

supply chains (Van Bueren, 2017). At a metropolitan

urban development, critical a regional scale project.

scale, the transition from consume and discard model to an efficient reuse and recycle model is closely linked with living patterns (MacArthur, 2013). Hence, changing people’s lifestyles and behavior patterns is intrinsic to

The Creative Industry

achieve a circular economy for metropolitan regions.

3.1 2.3

Social Sustainability

What is a Creative Economy?

Considering that the project seeks to use the creative industry as a catalyst to bridge the gap between the

For sustainable urban development, a planner has to

abstract concepts of sustainability and people, it is critical

reconcile three conflicting interests – namely economic

to define the term and the associated terminologies like,

growth, promoting social justice, and simultaneously

‘creative city’, ‘creative economy’, ‘creative industry’, and

without compromising the environment. Often, most

‘creative class’. Although these terms are interrelated,

projects in the built environment are undertaken at the

differentiating them will help to stipulate the objective

cost of the social aspects of sustainability (Campbell,

of this project.

1996). One of the many ways that this manifests itself is that that the concept of sustainability remains an abstract

In the 1970s-1980s, a shift in the economy from large

construct disconnected from people at a personal level

scale to small scale production in European and

(Dillard et al., 2008). For the purpose of this paper, we

American cities, led to the emergence of creative cities

will only elaborate on social sustainability.

(Caspers, 2013). The concept of creative city is based on the theory that anyone can create exceptional things,

Social sustainability with a people-centric development

within the right conditions (Landry, 2005). The concept

can be defined with three basic constructs – a basic

did not necessarily account for people working in the

needs based approach, human development, and the

creative industry, but depicted a transition from an

freedoms approach. Basic needs approach considers

industrial production economy to a creative production

the fulfillment of essential human support systems, such

and service economy or creative economy. Richard

as nutrition, water, shelter, etc. The Human Development

Florida (Florida, 2002) further elaborates on these terms,

approach considers an environment that enables the

emphasizing on the importance of the creative class as a

people, beyond basic needs. It includes people’s choices

critical component to be nurtured in a creative economy.

in all categories – social, economic, cultural, and political

He argues that, rather than the conservative industrial

spheres. The Freedoms approach further unfolds the

conception of “people follow jobs”, the appropriate

concept of social sustainability. It considers enables the

new notion should be “jobs follow people”. Florida

people to sustain themselves and their capacity to effect

emphasizes the importance of promoting creative talent

change or transform their surroundings. This freedom

rather than businesses in the local economic policy. To

is “facilitated by the processes that enable decision

attract “creative talents”, he proposed a set of criteria, in

Theoretical Framework

terms of spatial quality. These criteria included, a social

for 40,312 businesses and 90,727 jobs (Gemeente-

climate of tolerance and openness, diversity, specific

Amsterdam

amenities, liveliness, and culture. These concepts of

2012). Considering the relevance of the creative industry

and

29

Bureau_Onderzoek_en_Statistiek,

the roles they can play

creative economy and creative industry, offered a new

to the regions economy, AMA consortium has already

focal shift for city development and became popular

created a strategy; ‘Clusterstrategie Creatieve Industrie’

amongst urban policy-makers worldwide including

to upscale the creative industries in the AMA. They also

Dutch cities e.g., Amsterdam and Rotterdam (Romein

seek to prioritize the creative industry and as innovation

and Trip, 2012).

trigger for other sectors and subsequently improve the business/educ. instit

3.2

individual / community

through kno continental ranking inthrough the development of a passing creative passing circular

through product or th

principles, carrying out lifestyle, economy (Amsterdam-Economic-Board, 2014). having a visible circu

Who constitute the Creative Industry?

the roles they can play the roles they can play

For the purpose of this project, we further elaborate on

could help others with that a collective of them could start circular initiatives 3.3 Importance of local the Creative Industry

awareness, co-creat innovation, placemak

the term “creative industry”, using the same definition of the Amsterdam Economic Board, a “... sector is one why the creative industry?

where creation, production and exploitation of symbolic

highly represented and very 1 institute visible sector in AMA creative creativecluster cluster business/educ. business/educ.institute

material is key...” These are categorized under three

4

clos

exam

of 14 individual individual/ community / community A segments - arts (including performing arts, creative passing passingthrough throughknowledge, knowledge, events, events,digital digital&&physical physicalplatforms, platforms, passing passingthrough throughcircular circular through throughproduct productoror their theirservices, services, placemaking,raising raisingawareness, awareness, small-sized businessesplacemaking, principles, carrying carrying outlifestyle, lifestyle, arts, cultural heritageprinciples, and other arts out and heritage), having havinga avisible visiblecircular circular process, sharing sharingknowledge, knowledge,innovation, innovation, mor = moreprocess, flexibility to change could couldhelp helpothers otherswith withthat that media & entertainment (including broadcasting, print awareness, awareness,co-creation co-creationand and a acollective collective ofofthem themcould could innovation, innovation, placemaking? placemaking? start start local local circular circular initiatives initiatives media, film, gaming, music industry, publishing and spill - over on other sectors 1. A’DAM (2011) 4.300.000.000 live entertainment), creative business services (for affects economy as whole 2. HILVERSUM high on agenda of AMA 40.312 example fashion, architecture, design, and advertising)“

3. HAARLEM 4. ALMERE (Gemeente_Amsterdam and Bureau_Onderzoek_en_ 5. ZAANSTAD highly highlyrepresented represented and andvery very

verage

why the creative industry? why the creative industry?

90.727

11

Statistiek, 2012, p. 10). visible visiblesector sectorininAMA AMA

2,3p

NL5,5)

1p 65%

12.387

22

small-sized small-sizedbusinesses businesses ==more moreflexibility flexibilitytotochange change

33

spill spill- -over overon onother other sectors sectors industrial affects affectseconomy economyas aswhole whole design high highon onagenda agendaofofAMA AMA

creative business services

17.008

media & entertainment

10.917

ashion - digital media - advertising - design

908

ove erage (61%)

H

even 80%

3

44 55

leading:

arts

5

2

closely closelyconnected connectedtotopeople people example: example:Westergasfabriek Westergasfabriekhighest highestvisitation visitationrate rate ofof140 140global globalcomparison comparison

more moreaffiliated affiliatedwith withsustainable sustainablevalues values

Based on our studies, the creative industry is relevant

advertising

to this project for five main reasons. Firstly, their large numbers, make them highly visible and well represented

performing art

sector in the AMA. Secondly, these range from small scale to mid-size business, who are more flexible than large-

writing & artistic creation

scale multi-national companies (Amsterdam-EconomicBoard, 2014). Thirdly, there is a tendency of the creative

movie production

sector to overlap with other sectors. This causes a spillphotography

over effect that is very prominent in the subsectors of

Image 4. Who Constitute the Creative Industry?

Graph Source - Author(s) 2017 highest rate Data - Gemeente_Amsterdam andofBureau_Onderzoek_en_Statistiek employment (2012) ‘Monitor Creatieve Industrie MRA 2012 - Eindrapportage’.

creative business arts The creative in the AMA. highestrelevant self-employment servicessector is extremely rate (71%)

digital media and the creative business services, showing potential to influence multiple stakeholders in the region (Amsterdam-Economic-Board, 2014). Fourthly, products of the creative industry have a direct relation to or ability to influence the public. And lastly, the creative industry

In 2011, it added approximately 4.3 billion euro to the has predominantly inherent values of sustainability, media & 1. Romain, A.,Trip, J.J., (2012), People climate - Intangible urban qualities in local economic policy, De 2. MediaLab Amsterdam, Creativeand City -influential Connecting the Creative Scenein in Amsterdam regionalentertainment economy, which amounts to 5% of the total making them(2013), a friendly stakeholder the largest workforce

3. Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, (2009),

Creativeregion Value - Culture and Economy Policy paper, (2009), Den Haag p. 24, p.26 value or bruto regionaal product of the AMA. It accounts (Olivera et al., 2013).

4. Stam, E., De Jong, J.P.J., Marlet, G., (2008), Creative industries in the Netherlands: structure, development, innovativeness and effects on urban growth, Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Ge 5. Urlings, N., Braams, N., (2011), Creatieve industrie in Nederland - Creatieve beroepen, Centraal Bu retrieved from https://www.cbs.nl/NR/rdonlyres/7C94DCC5-B419-4FC4-A73E-332317917B18/0/2011c 6. Sociaal-Economische Raad en Raad voor Cultuur, (2016), Verkenning Arbeidsmarkt Cultuursector, 7. Gemeente Amsterdam, Bureau Onderzoek en Statistiek, (2012), Monitor Creatieve Industrie MRA 2

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Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

3.4

The Creative Industry in a Circular Economy

intervene in the material flows, with the potential to close, link and create awareness about the material

For the purpose of the project, the creative industry

flows.

needed to be studied with respect to two main objectives. Firstly, the spatial intervention in the material

Metropolitan Landscape Identity

flows and how the creative industry can meet the project goals - of changing public attitudes towards circularity

4.1

What is a Metropolitan Landscape?

and sustainability. Placemaking would play an important role in this. Secondly, locating the creative industry within

The metropolitan landscape is not limited to rural-

the region was crucial, so it was important to understand

green areas, but also includes peri-urban, urban areas,

the spatial factors relevant to mapping the creative class.

heritage zones, water bodies, infrastructure, and brownfields. In the past, the metropolitan landscape

a. Bridging the Disassociation through Placemaking

has been predominantly about resource production and urban expansion. However, in recent times, the

Placemaking is the shaping of the public realm to

value of an urban landscape for a regional identity

maximize shared value (PPS, 2016). This is undertaken

has increased. The development and protection of

by integrating diverse opinions into a cohesive vision,

metropolitan landscapes is a crucial investment in the

and subsequently translating that vision spatially and

knowledge economy. It could in fact be more favorable

functionally to ensure the sustainable implementation

than increasing infrastructure in the region (Nefs et al.,

of the plan (PPS, 2009). Placemaking is a place-led,

2016).

community-based process through ‘Lighter, Quicker, Cheaper (LQC)’ solutions (Reynolds, 2011). As indicated

Many metropolises have successfully attracted talent

from above, Placemaking approach can contribute

and capital using a strong landscape identity. Not only

greatly to the bottom-up process in AMA region’s way towards circular economy. The comparatively small scale and LQC solutions in Placemaking projects enhance efficiency in both economic and practicing way for the municipality, make the implementation of circular economy continuous and sustainable, stimulate potential of smart and creative solutions from the civil society and creative workforce and above all have influence on people’s lifestyle. b. Spatial Mapping Exploration of the Creative Industry To maximize on the efficiency of the creative industry, we need to determine favorable spatial characteristics of existing creative industries and subsequently factors to determine future clusters. Key elements and their main characteristics were derived and developed based on the study by Romein, A. and J.J. Trip (Romein and Trip, 2012). Three key elements with potential spatial implications were - representation/identity, amenities, and physical clusters (creative clusters).

Using these spatial criteria, it is possible to develop a methodology to use the creative industry to spatially

Deltametropolis Landscape

Image 5. Dutch Metropolitan Landscape Source - Nefs, M., Geuze, A. and Bos, E. 2016. Blind spot. Deltametropolis Association.

Railways

Forests

Highways

Heterogeneous agricultural areas

Continuous urban fabric

Scrub and herbaceous vegetation

Discontinuous urban fabric

Open spaces, beaches, rocks

Industrial, commercial and transport

Wetlands

Transport infrastructure

Inland waters

Green urban areas

Marine waters

Arable land, permanent crops Pastures

Theoretical Framework

does high landscape attractiveness draw highly skilled

within a typological construct, can be shown to have a

professionals to region, it also increases the quality of

large-scale regional impact.

life for the current inhabitants. While attracting highly skilled professionals, there are three important features

4.3

Compact City – Sustainable Urban Form

to consider in the metropolitan landscape. Firstly, inner -city interactive environments with mixed use

In the urban expansion following the Second World War,

of functions. Secondly, the option of green suburban

Dutch policy makers feared the encroachment of the

environments and thirdly, recreational environments.

natural landscape. Several policies were introduced to

The Dutch Landscape features these qualities, and is a

encourage clustered dispersal. But in the later 1980s,

unique meld of built and natural environments. There is

these policies came under heavy criticism, forcing

a polarity in the Ranstad, between the Rotterdam-The

planners to adopt a compact city model (Nabielek

Hague area and the northern Amsterdam – Utrecht

et al., 2013). The compact city has the potential to

region for highly skilled professionals, with the former

emulate sustainable urban form, it reduces dependency

reportedly suffering from a “brain drain” due to heavy

on agricultural land, less expansion, less strain on

urbanization of the landscape over the last few decades.

infrastructure, etc. (Burton et al., 2003) Hence, further

(Nefs et al., 2016).

expansion of the city, and the future of the peri-urban region is a key consideration in this project.

4.2

Peri-urban Regional Typology 5.

Conclusion

The Dutch Metropolitan region, is particularly unique, due to the prominence of a peri-urban regional

To conclude, the relevance of circular economy and

typology. The peri-urban area is the zone immediately

sustainability at a regional metropolitan scale needs to

around dense urban areas. It is unique, in the sense

address change in people’s behavior. This would not

that it offers people options to live outside of the city

only lead to a sustainable lifestyle, but would enhance

and simultaneously falls within the sphere of urban

large scale policies by the government. This trend

influence. However, the peri-urban region is often seen

towards a circular economy, can be enhanced by a

as subsidiary to cities. And in the Netherlands, more

creative economy. The creative industry has an immense

people reside within peri-urban regions than in central

potential to act as a catalyst while linking, closing, and

urban cities. Though it is predominantly neglected in

creating awareness about material flows. For example,

spatial planning discourse. These peri-urban zones

by using placemaking projects. Spatially, the unique

are of high value to planners, as they can become fully

peri-urban typology is a potential hotbed for research by

integrated into an urban network or take a more rural

design projects within this framework. Subsequently, the

categorization (Hornis and Van Eck, 2008).

notion circularity can enhance the existing metropolitan landscape identity of the region, contributing to a new

But largely, the term peri-urban is ambiguous. For the purpose of this paper, we have derived eight subcategorizations within the peri-urban typologies by reflecting on the spatial nature of the AMA, based on a paper published by the PBL (or The Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency). The sub-typologies are natural-scapes, rural, urban fringe edge, commercial/ business parks, recreational, large scale suburban residential development, large mono-functional zones (like the Port of Amsterdam/Schipol Airport) and greenhouse zones (Nabielek et al., 2013). By defining these sub-categories, intervening in specific zones

regional identity.

31

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Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

6. References Amsterdam-Economic-Board (2014) ‘Clusterstrategie Creatieve Industrie 2014-2020 - Naar een Europese toppositie door demonstreerbaar leidend te zijn in innovatief en creatief vermogen’. Available at: https://www.amsterdameconomicboard.com/publications/clusterstrategie-creatieve-industrie-2014-2020.

Burton, E., Jenks, M. and Williams, K. (2003) The compact city: a sustainable urban form?: Routledge.

Campbell, S. (1996) ‘Green cities, growing cities, just cities?: Urban planning and the contradictions of sustainable development’, Journal of the American Planning Association, 62(3), pp. 296-312.

Caspers, M. (2013) Chances for creative talent in Parkstad Rotterdam: Urban regeneration in Rotterdam-Zuid based on the development of a vital local creative economic cluster.

Masters Thesis, TU Delft, Delft.

Dillard, J., Dujon, V. and King, M. C. (2008) Understanding the social dimension of sustainability. Routledge.

Florida, R. (2002) ‘The rise of the creative class, and how it is transforming work, leisure, community and everyday life’, New York.

Gemeente-Amsterdam (2012) Towards the Amsterdam Circular Economy. Amsterdam.

Gemeente-Amsterdam (2016) ‘English Summary: The Amsterdam Metropolitan Area’, Plan Amsterdam.

Gemeente_Amsterdam and Bureau_Onderzoek_en_Statistiek (2012) ‘Monitor Creatieve Industrie MRA 2012 - Eindrapportage’.

Hornis, W. and Van Eck, J. R. (2008) ‘A Typology of Peri‐Urban Areas in the Netherlands’, Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, 99(5), pp. 619-628.

Landry, C. (2005) ‘Lineages of the creative city’, Creativity and the City, Netherlands Architecture Institute.

MacArthur, E. (2013) ‘Towards the circular economy’, J. Ind. Ecol.

Nabielek, K., Kronberger-Nabielek, P. and Hamers, D. (2013) ‘The rural-urban fringe in the Netherlands: recent developments and future challenges’, Spool, 1(1), pp. 101-120.

Nefs, M., Geuze, A. and Bos, E. 2016. Blind spot. Deltametropolis Association.

Olivera, C., Catalno, E., Ruijter, J., Dijk, M. v., Riphagen, M., Kojima, M., Sanchez, N. and Mallick, S. (2013) Creative City Connecting the Creative Scene in Amsterdam, Amsterdam: mediaLab-Amsterdam.

Projects for public spaces (PPS), (2009). What is Placemaking?

Retrieved from: https://www.pps.org/reference/what_is_ placemaking/ Projects for public spaces (PPS), (2016). PLACEMAKING - What if we built our cities around places? Retrieved from: http://www.pps.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/

Oct-2016-placemaking-booklet.pdf Reynolds, E. (2011) ‘Interwhile uses’, Journal of Urban Regeneration & Renewal, 4(4), pp. 371-380.

Romein, A. and Trip, J. J. (2012) Key elements of creative city development: An assessment of local policies in Amsterdam and Rotterdam. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos of Madrid.

Van Bueren, E. 2017. 4413UEINFY - Sustainable Urban Environments and Infrastructures - Lecture on Urban Systems and Governance Delft: TU Delft - Industrial Ecology.

Theoretical Framework

33

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Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

35

APPROACH Scope Methodology

01

02

03

06

05

04

36

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

material flows and the

creative industry?

G-Star Raw is a creative jeans brand based in Amsterdam,

This RAW Responsibility section outlines how their approach

founded since 1989. For them, perfecting their product goes

is put into practice within G-Star. It is embodied in the four

further than only look and continues in the consideration

pillars;

given to its social and environmental effects. This enables the company to evolve over time and maintain their position as a

- Responsible Supply Chain

forward looking company.

- Sustainable Product - Sustainable Operations - Community Involvement G-Star Raw is a good example how the sustainability concept of a company can function as global pipeline reaching out in a worldwide way. The global impact is basically conducted in

aspects. One is through community programs in their

manufacture countries such as India, China and Vietnam.

Another one is using only orgaic cotton for production. As reflected from their strategy consultant Textile Exchange, this principle is very well conducted currently.

Because most material flows have a global impact, we decided to consider, that for a metropolitan region, circular economy at a local or a household level, as the most relevant at this regional scale.

Images - Community Programs Map (Worldwide) Material example: Organic cotton map (Worldwide) Sources https://www.g-star.com/nl_nl/about-us/ responsibilty/raw-responsibility http://www.gsrdfoundation.com/ http://textileexchange.org/publications/

Chapter Title

37

Scope

Circular Economy for a Metropolitan Region

Doing research, we found that many material flows have a continental and global relation and impact.

But when we look at the meaning of circular economy for a metropolis, it also becomes evident seeing the flows at the actual use and consumption part of the (lineair) processes.

As we believe that the people and their lifestyles are crucial towards the transition to a more sustainable economy, we decided to take a scope focusing on scales that could impact people and their lifestyles.

In the end, they are a huge consuming mass, so making a substantial change here would make huge differences for this transition to actually happen through all scales.

Thereby, we hope to improve the efficiency of the attempts concerning large projects, undertaken by the municipal body towards a circular economy.

38

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Analysis Synthesis

Material Flows

The AMA Regional Spatial Analysis

Spatial Mapping of Creative Industries

1. First Impressions of the AMA

2. Regional Mapping

To provide a regional strategy of the AMA, we had to

To intervene in the site, we had to undertake three types

analyse the region first. To begin with, our first impression

of detailed analysis.

of the region was through a class excusion, where we had the opportunity to see key features of the region,

Firstly, as we were addressing circular economy, we had

and meet a few relevant stake holders.

to be study the material flows of the region, understand the relevant stakeholders, the specific requirements,

Based on a preliminary analysis, we identified problem

and the closed or open nature of these material flows.

statements, opportunites and strengths to create goals and objectives for our project.

Secondly, to develop a spatial strategy, we firstly needed to understand the spatial structure of the AMA. We undertook this study by developing a typology analysis of the region.

Thirdly, as our objective featured the creative industry, we had to identify spatial factors that were relevant to the physical placement of the creative industry.

1

These studies and analyses were done on the basis of theoretical framework addressed in Chapter 2.

Chapter Title

39

methodology

The Squares

Local Interventions

Material Flows

A Strategy Plan for the AMA

Creative Industry Potential Interests of Local Stakeholders

Impact on Urban Lifestyle

2

3. Synthesis The resultant synthesis provided us with points of

design modules and tactics created for the initial project

interventions to propose design projects. Each zone we

squares can be subsequently replicated throughout the

termed as a square.

region based on the relevant typology.

4. Local Interventions at the Squares

With the resultant network of squares, we would have a regional strategy, that represented the core design

Each square would feature a local intervention. These

values represented in the local interventions. These

squares would be analysed to understand specific local

interventions would subsequently result in a more

conditions - like the most prominent material flows,

sustainable way of living in the AMA region.

influential actors at a local scale, the actors representing the creative industry and lastly, the most impact on the people’s lifestyles. Based on this analysis we would propose projects that specifically address these factors at the local scale.

5. Regional Strategy Each square is chosen based on the regional typologies, identified in the spatial analysis of the region. The

Image 1. First Impressions - Excursion in the AMA Source - Photograph by Author(s) 2017 Image 2. Diagram of Project Methodology Source - Author(s) 2017

40

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Chapter Title

ANALYSIS

41

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Imported food from the world through ports Local food production according to the livestock map

inputs process production

Food

Food

Nuon for energy WZI for cleaned water CDW for renovation

Package

Nuon

consumption

Via restaurant and retails Consumed by people

Residual waste to be incenerated for clean energy Packaging waste CO2 emission

outlets

before inceneration, so that as much raw aterial as possible can be used -dwellers help to sort their waste Maximize the value of waste

Food

Import or plant, packaging, transportation and distribution

potentials

Residents produce food at home or in surrounding area Recover nutrients in the waste Regional sesonal production

Electricity

Waste

Collected through points, nt to AEB or other partners Inceneration into energy material is reused in the process

Water

waste and beverage carton, resicual waste extile,paper and cardboard, glass, electrical uction and demolition waste, wood, garden waste

Electricity

food

Heat

42

Builky waste

aterial, sorting, maximize value

Plastic, carton

ernet, RWZI, AEB, Nuon

Other waste

Local food, waste recover, packaging

AEB

keywords

Waste

Residual waste

part of Cities the Magazine Project) material bank BAMB

Phosphate

Ahold, Gerkens Cacao, Nestlé, ADM Cocoa, Heineken, Quality Bakers, Cargill, Kerry, Bio Science, United Biscuits, Duyvis, Incotec and McCain Foods University of Amsterdam, VU University and Wageningen UR Seed valley, Foodlogica (part of Cities the Magazine Project)

stakeholders

Import

CE knowledge gap

how does cycle affect daily life

ste is used in infrastructure construction t on soil and subsurface if we don’t do it

mostly through consumption process of production and waste is not visible for most people Unless through urban farming or tourism

RWZI

Surface: potential of agricultural landscape view influence infrastructure through logistics Subsurface: soil quality and underground water

impact on landscape

ype of aimed material of recycle and reuse educational instructions from institutes, plastic (a frequently mentioned kind)

XS/S: urban faming S/M: aggloment farming in suburban M/L: agriculturaltourism less requirement of logistics on smaller scale

adjustability to small scale flows

placemaking potential? physical material? smell?

still taken by AEB, RWZI and Nuon, ustrial design, fine art, food

Consume

Phosphate

B AE

Local

medium close. landscape designers, foodd, industrial design, hospitality

relation with creative industries/class?

tial on construction and demolitiion material is

Water

flexible but need cooperation in architectural design, policy and multiple stakeholders Material can be low-cost, sometimes smells

at He

Water

needed technology, sometimes less flexible exchange of (wasted) materials ell separated before, less smell

Export

waste, energy, water through logistics waste, water, phosphate through production

cycle intersections

Water

Water

nd recycle, but not very aware of the consequence

Food

mostly get in touch with food through consumption thus not aware of the impact of food industry in logistics, waste and im/export precess

ergy, food, phosphate, electricity

Logistics

Waste

‘openness’ of circle

owledge of househould recycle, but no idea of ste such as construction and demollition waste, track the recycle and reuse by material

direct or less direct? could be spatial?

Yes. Zaanstad as food logistics center, Aalsmere and Almere as new production center with wageningen, HvA... as strong research support

uniqueness for AMA

pplication on medium/smaller scale decentralizaiton is urgent.

Not extremely urgent, but lots of knowledge institutes are working on it in a long term

urgency?

Phosphate

Water

heat

waste

food

electricity

water heat

phosphate waste

food

unpurified water

electricity

water

phosphate

drinking water

process production

bulky waste, Plastic waste and beverage carton, resicual waste small toxic waste, textile,paper and cardboard, glass, electrical devices, asbestos, construction and demolition waste, wood, garden waste Collected through points, sent to AEB or other partners Inceneration into energy Few raw material is reused in the process

residual heat waste to energy - incineration by AEB and Nuon imported gas and biogas

Nuon for energy RWZI for cleaned water CDW for renovation

outlets

potentials

improve energy efficiency of buildings, agreements being struck with housing corporations to improve their housing stock - create zero energy houses increase houses connected to district heating

Pre-separation before inceneration, so that as much raw material as possible can be used City-dwellers help to sort their waste Maximize the value of waste

Raw material, sorting, maximize value

keywords

Waternet, RWZI, AEB, Nuon

32 Partners involved - amsterdam economiic board

stakeholders

Wastedlab (part of Cities the Magazine Project) material bank BAMB

‘openness’ of circle

Partially Closed - system efficiency will increase with better waste segregation by people, reduce dependency on finite natural gas resources

knowledge gap

big gap; process flows and urgencies invisible create Awareness amonst people for waste segregation

CE

Energy source (residual) from river power water stations in the outskirts Fossilwater Fuel -out Natural GasBoard - Cleanest fuel on earth of Water Dunesfossil (n) Zandvoort Slochteren Gas from fieldsBethune - depletePolder by 2030 - small amounts seepage water (Vecht lakeland area) import from Russia, Iran

Electricity from fossil fuels - imported inputs Electricity produced by AEB and other private companies

process production

Import or plant, packaging, transportation and distribution

Via restaurant and retails Consumed by people

68kJ/Capita 60000 Houses connected to district Heating heat lost in transfer from consumer to producer

consumption

Imported food from the world through ports Local food production according to the livestock map

purification processes the colour and taste improvement residual heat decalcification waste to energy - incineration by AEB and Nuon imported gas and biogas storage in reservoirs

distribution (pumps + main system) to consumer 68kJ/Capita

16350 TJconsumption of electricity consumed annually High consumption by data grid

Residual waste to be incenerated for clean energy Packaging waste CO2 emission

Residents produce food at home or in surrounding area Recover nutrients in the waste Regional sesonal production

central sewage treatment plant (RWZI) decontaminated water North Sea Canal

Smart grids potentials to immprove efficiency of usage Increase dependency on wind farms in the region and make it easy for homeowners and building owners to adopt solar energy, proposal to increase from 9MW to 160MW in 2020 (950000 sqm of solar panels)

Local food, waste recover, packaging

Open - high dependency on fossil ‘openness’ of fuels circle

CE

medium gap: in general, people have heard about relevance of green big gap; process flows and urgencies invisible medium gap; relatively familiar with the importance of water energy. Questionable is whether they know about the urgence and knowledge gap create Awareness amonst people for waste segregation ending resources. Also not very aware of where their energy comes from; and possibly about appropriate use. probably less about its processes presumption of the Dutch about green energy is very incorrect.

impact on landscape

adjustability to small scale flows

adjustability to small scale flows

placemaking potential? physical material? smell?

placemaking potential? physical material? smell?

relation with creative industries/class?

relation with creative industries/class?

direct or less direct? could be spatial?

16350 TJ of electricity consumed annually High consumption by data grid

river bethunepolder

Residents produce food at home or in surrounding area Recover nutrients in the waste Regional sesonal production

pumpstations

nitrogen

sludge + biogas

and nitrogen

sludge and biogas to AEB for incineration heat + electricity

accumulates in agricultural soil (largely ends up at ocean floor)

collecting/use of rainwater; (now drains to closest surface water and in centre mixed withdistribution wastewater); collaboration systemRWZI +AEB; thermal energy recovery; innovations needed to recover more base materials from wastewater

RWZI

very scarce; geo-political risks; surplus in NL; environmental effects (algae); downward trend of accumulation in farmland

water loss by behaviour

Waternet, AEB, Port of A’dam, Farms (agri industry) Food industry, Fertilizer industry, (ICL Fertilizers, Cargill), Wageningen university, heat Association of Regional Water Authorities

Partially closed

Mostly open - high losses

wastewater

large gap: knowing about phosphate is not common

waste; heat; (electricity; phosphate)

everywhere: shower, cooking, drinking, food, toilet, cleaning

everywhere: shower, cooking, drinking, food, toilet, cleaning

Pumps, prepurification stations, small impact on landscape. distribution: subsoil. RWZI’s, AEB: larger plant = impact on landscape. in daily means: invisible till it comes out the tap: after it draines, invisible again

Pumps, prepurification stations, small impact on landscape. distribution: subsoil. RWZI’s, AEB: larger plant = impact on landscape. in daily means: invisible till it comes out the tap: after it draines, invisible again

doable. but, when out of the main system, has to be constructed a complete local system, house to street scale

industrial and consumer waste via the sewers and incineration

partly recovery (struvite) at sewage treatment plant & reused in chemical fertilizer industry; Green Deal Phosphate Recycling Chain Agreement (2011) 20 parties; potential alternative local sources of phosphate in the Westpoort zone

medium gap: in general, people have heard about relevance of green medium gap; relatively familiar with the importance of water energy. Questionable is whether they know about the urgence and ending resources. Also not very aware of where their energy comes from; and possibly about appropriate use. probably less about its processes presumption of the Dutch about green energy is very incorrect.

recovery

phosphate

via retail trade people as consumers (of food or another product)

20%

high quality water; low price; efficient main system;

Open - high dependency on fossil fuels

food; waste; water

food-processing and agricultural industries.

80%

Waternet, Dunea, Oasen, PWN RWZI’ s, AEB

Mostly open - high losses

waste; heat; (electricity; phosphate)

North Sea Canal

decontaminated water

AEB

organically fixed form

distributed within agricultural sector

wastewater both black grey

water phosphate purificationdecontaminatedreservoirs

Smart grids to immprove efficiency of usage Increase dependency on wind farms in the region and make it easy for homeowners and building owners to adopt solar energy, proposal to increase from 9MW to 160MW in 2020 (950000 sqm of solar panels)

Ahold, Gerkens Cacao, Nestlé, ADM Cocoa, Heineken, Quality Bakers, Cargill, Kerry, Bio Science, United Biscuits, Duyvis, Incotec and McCain Foods University of Amsterdam, VU University and Wageningen UR Seed valley, Foodlogica (part of Cities the Magazine Project)

large gap: knowing about phosphate is not common

distribution (pumps + main system) to consumer

central sewage treatment plant (RWZI)

Local food, waste recover, packaging

Waternet, AEB, Nuon(agri industry) Waternet,heat AEB, Port RWZI, of A’dam, Farms Food industry, Fertilizer industry, (ICL Fertilizers, Cargill), Wastedlab (part of Cities the MagazineWater Project) Wageningen university, Association of Regional Authorities material bank BAMB

fertilizer manufacturers incorporate it into chemical manure

storage in reservoirs

Via restaurant and retails Consumed by people

very scarce; geo-political risks; surplus in NL; Raw material, sorting, maximize value environmental effects (algae); downward trend of accumulation in farmland

import P2O5 China, Israel, the Western Sahara, South Africa import of biomass (animal feed and food for human consumption)

purification processes the colour and taste improvement decalcification

Residual waste to be incenerated for clean energy Packaging waste CO2 emission

dunes

river water water out of Water Board Dunes (n) Zandvoort seepage water from Bethune Polder (Vecht lakeland area)

food; waste; water

doable. but, when out of the main system, has to be constructed a complete local system, house to street scale

very suitable (wastewater may have larger implications though)

very suitable (wastewater may have larger implications though)

hospitality, food industries, landscape designers, industrial design

hospitality, food industries, landscape designers, industrial design

direct or less direct? could be spatial?

uniqueness for AMA

Electricity

urgency?

very high, since the Dutch main gas resource is running out

yes; water is a typical asset in landscape and technology for NL in general also the drinking water system is very efficient, concerns high quality water, low price direct risks is running out very high, since medium the Dutchhigh; mainnogas resource

yes; water is a typical asset in landscape and technology for NL in general also the drinking water system is very efficient, concerns high quality water, low price

Heat

medium high; no direct risks

heat

electricity

y from fossil fuels - imported d by AEB and other private companies

WASTE

Better systems and methods to separate waste at an individual scale inputs

Energy source (residual) from power stations in the outskirts Fossil Fuel - Natural Gas - Cleanest fossil fuel on earth Slochteren Gas fields - deplete by 2030 - small amounts import from Russia, Iran

process production

Food

AEB

f electricity consumed annually consumption by data grid - residual heat that can be reused

residual heat

dependency on fossil fuels

40%

people have heard about relevance of green s whether they know about the urgency and wareness about energy sources is limited

district heating grid, sorting, maximize value

32 Partners involved - amsterdam economiic board

Partially Closed - system efficiency will increase with better waste segregation by people, reduce dependency on finite natural gas resources

‘openness’ of circle

cycle intersections

loss of electricity in transfer

ape in the region for wind and solar farms

Port

Imported Fossil Fuels

how does cycle affect daily life

the incineration of waste to produce energy has eliminated landfills in the region, potential to revitalize old landfills

adjustability to small scale flows

small scale interventions linked to waste flow - improving systems and methods for waste separation

with as a zero waste and mazimised wable energy region

placemaking potential? physical material? smell? relation with creative industries/class?

direct or less direct? could be spatial?

urgency?

Elect.

power grid and factories - using residual heat for heating houses

HEAT

waste, electricity, water

impact on landscape

Individual sustainable lifestyle uniqueness for AMA to reduce wastage of electricity

40%

Solar farms separation of wastesurface can improve the effeciency 950,000 sqm of of the waste to energy processes, separation of organic material is also critical extra solar farms

ape interventions has high potential for placemaking

Increased awareness about the limit fossil fuels - urgency as the national gas fields at Slochteren will be depleted by 2030

Fossil Fuels - dependency on natural gas fields

big gap; process flows and urgencies invisible create Awareness amonst people for waste segregation

knowledge gap

more conscious about switching off when not in use, consciousness about the onsume, reduced electricity bills

Biomass as a potential source of energy

improve energy efficiency of buildings, agreements being struck with housing corporations to improve their housing stock - create zero energy houses increase houses connected to district heating

keywords

aste, heat, water

Food AEB

68kJ/Capita 60000 Houses connected to district Heating

power gridstakeholders

Elect.

Better systems and methods to separate waste at an individual scale

heat lost in transfer from producer to consumer Biomass as a potential and at level used by the people source of energy

potentials

Fossil Fuels - dependency on natural gas fields

WASTE

waste to energy - incineration by AEB and Nuon imported gas and biogas

consumption outlets

mmprove efficiency of usage ency on wind farms in the region homeowners and building owners to osal to increase from 9MW to 160MW sqm of solar panels), biomass

gas fossil fuel resources expected to be depleted by 2030

partly recovery (struvite) at sewage treatment Pre-separation before inceneration, so that asplant much raw & reused in chemical fertilizer material as possible canindustry; be used Green Deal Phosphate Recycling Chain Agreement City-dwellers help to sort their waste (2011) 20 parties;Maximize potential the alternative sources of value oflocal waste phosphate in the Westpoort zone

electricity

impact on landscape

nd farms have the potential to become region - contribute to identity of place

via retail trade people as consumers (of food or another product)

Electricity from fossil fuels - imported Electricity produced by AEB and other private companies

Import or plant, packaging, transportation and distribution

accumulates in Nuon for energy industrial and consumer agricultural soil waste via the sewers RWZI for cleaned water (largely ends up at ocean floor) CDW for renovation and incineration

Partially Closed - system efficiency will increase with better waste Partially closed segregation by people, reduce dependency on finite natural gas resources

how does cycle affect daily life

ual house rooftops for solar energy

sludge and biogas to AEB for incineration heat + electricity

food-processing and agricultural industries.

20%

Waternet, Dunea, Oasen, PWN economiic board 32 Partners involved - amsterdam RWZI’ s, AEB

stakeholders

cycle intersections

d farms, solar farms

80%

high quality water; low price; efficient main system;

keywords

how does cycle affect daily life

urgency?

distributed within agricultural sector

improve energy efficiency of buildings, being surface struck with collecting/use of rainwater; (now agreements drains to closest housing corporations improve their housing stock - create zeroRWZI energy water and in centretomixed with wastewater); collaboration houses +AEB; thermal energy recovery; innovations needed to recover increase houses connected to wastewater district heating more base materials from

cycle intersections

uniqueness for AMA

phosphate and nitrogen

Imported food from the world through ports Local food production according to the livestock map

fertilizer manufacturers organically Collected through points, fixed form incorporate it into chemical sent to AEB or other partners manure Inceneration into energy Few raw material is reused in the process

60000 Houses connected district Heating wastewater both blacktogrey heat lost in transfer from consumer to producer

outlets

Ahold, Gerkens Cacao, Nestlé, ADM Cocoa, Heineken, Quality Bakers, Cargill, Kerry, Bio Science, United Biscuits, Duyvis, Incotec and McCain Foods University of Amsterdam, VU University and Wageningen UR Seed valley, Foodlogica (part of Cities the Magazine Project)

wastewater

bulky beverageSahara, carton, South resicual waste importwaste, P2O5 Plastic China, waste Israel,and the Western Africa small toxic waste, textile,paper and cardboard, glass, electrical importasbestos, of biomass (animal feed food forwaste, humanwood, consumption) devices, construction andand demolition garden waste

al resourc natur es

Energy source (residual) from power stations in the outskirts Fossil Fuel - Natural Gas - Cleanest fossil fuel on earth Slochteren Gas fields - deplete by 2030 - small amounts import from Russia, Iran

inputs

loss of heat

Port

Imported Fossil Fuels

loss of heat - energy ineffecient houses

loss of heat - energy ineffecient houses

rebranding the AMA with as a zero waste and mazimised renewable energy region creation of art projects to inform people about the impact of waste separation and the critical situation of finite fossil fuel availability creation of a recyclable material website for designers to use in smal scale projects, retrofitting of buildings to reduce loss of heat/energy

offshore wind farms at a national level AEB facility - has the potential to become a landmark for the region first full integration of a

wind farms in the AMA very high, natural gas fossil fuel resources expected to be depleted by 2030

district heating NOW

district heating FUTURE

60,000 houses connected to a district heating grid

200,000 houses connected to a district heating grid

Analysis

43

material flow analysis Mapping regional flows of Materials To study the material flows in the region, we mapped

and heat. We primarily studied the different parts of

six material flows relevant to the metropolitan region,

the cycles along with relevant actors and subsequently

as identified by the municipal consortium. These were

mapped them on the AMA region. We concluded that

namely - waste, food, phosphate, water, electricity

most flows were relevant to the peri-urban typology.

Waste

Food

Phosphate

Water

Electricity

Heat

44

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

heat

waste

heat

Energy source (residual) from power stations in the outskirts Fossil Fuel - Natural Gas - Cleanest fossil fuel on earth Slochteren Gas fields - deplete by 2030 - small amounts import from Russia, Iran

waste to energy - incineration by AEB and Nuon imported gas and biogas

Collected through points, sent to AEB or other partners Inceneration into energy Few raw material is reused in the process

heat lost in transfer from producer to consumer and at level used by the people

improve energy efficiency of buildings, agreements being struck with housing corporations to improve their housing stock - create zero energy houses increase houses connected to district heating

district heating grid, sorting, maximize value

Nuon for energy RWZI for cleaned water CDW for renovation

Pre-separation before inceneration, so that as much raw material as possible can be used City-dwellers help to sort their waste Maximize the value of waste

Raw material, sorting, maximize value

Waternet, RWZI, AEB, Nuon 32 Partners involved - amsterdam economiic board

waste, electricity, water

separation of waste can improve the effeciency of the waste to energy processes, separation of organic material is also critical

ape

ws

ntial? ? smell?

ive spatial?

MA

Wastedlab (part of Cities the Magazine Project) material bank BAMB

Partially Closed - system efficiency will increase with better waste segregation by people, reduce dependency on finite natural gas resources big gap; process flows and urgencies invisible create Awareness amonst people for waste segregation

the incineration of waste to produce energy has eliminated landfills in the region, potential to revitalize old landfills small scale interventions linked to waste flow - improving systems and methods for waste separation

rebranding the AMA with as a zero waste and mazimised renewable energy region creation of art projects to inform people about the impact of waste separation and the critical situation of finite fossil fuel availability creation of a recyclable material website for designers to use in smal scale projects, retrofitting of buildings to reduce loss of heat/energy AEB facility - has the potential to become a landmark for the region first full integration of a very high, natural gas fossil fuel resources expected to be depleted by 2030

Imported food from the world through ports Local food production according to the livestock map

Electric

Import or plant, packaging, transportation and distribution

Via restaurant and retails Consumed by people

68kJ/Capita 60000 Houses connected to district Heating

s

food

bulky waste, Plastic waste and beverage carton, resicual waste small toxic waste, textile,paper and cardboard, glass, electrical devices, asbestos, construction and demolition waste, wood, garden waste

residual heat

le

food

waste

Residual waste to be incenerated for clean energy Packaging waste CO2 emission

Residents produce food at home or in surrounding area Recover nutrients in the waste Regional sesonal production

Local food, waste recover, packaging

Ahold, Gerkens Cacao, NestlĂŠ, ADM Cocoa, Heineken, Quality Bakers, Cargill, Kerry, Bio Science, United Biscuits, Duyvis, Incotec and McCain Foods University of Amsterdam, VU University and Wageningen UR Seed valley, Foodlogica (part of Cities the Magazine Project)

1

ele

Sma Increas and make i adopt solar en in 202

fossil

32 Pa

O

People have basic knowledge of househould recycle, but no idea of other lager amount waste such as construction and demollition waste, and no way to track the recycle and reuse by material water, energy, food, phosphate, electricity

People do basic sorting and recycle, but not very aware of the consequence

mostly get in touch with food through consumption thus not aware of the impact of food industry in logistics, waste and im/export precess waste, energy, water through logistics waste, water, phosphate through production mostly through consumption process of production and waste is not visible for most people Unless through urban farming or tourism

incenerated waste is used in infrastructure construction negative impact on soil and subsurface if we don’t do it

Surface: potential of agricultural landscape view influence infrastructure through logistics Subsurface: soil quality and underground water

depends on the type of aimed material of recycle and reuse mostly needs educational instructions from institutes, especially in plastic (a frequently mentioned kind)

XS/S: urban faming S/M: aggloment farming in suburban M/L: agriculturaltourism less requirement of logistics on smaller scale

depends on the needed technology, sometimes less flexible need exchange of (wasted) materials if well separated before, less smell most work is still taken by AEB, RWZI and Nuon, industrial design, fine art, food

The focus and potential on construction and demolitiion material is

Little application on medium/smaller scale decentralizaiton is urgent.

medium gap energy. Qu ending re

flexible but need cooperation in architectural design, policy and multiple stakeholders Material can be low-cost, sometimes smells medium close. landscape designers, foodd, industrial design, hospitality

Yes. Zaanstad as food logistics center, Aalsmere and Almere as new production center with wageningen, HvA... as strong research support Not extremely urgent, but lots of knowledge institutes are working on it in a long term

people appliances a en

use of o

u

rebrandin

large s

solar fa landm

very h

Analysis

electricity

d

electricity electricity

water

45

phosphate

water water

phosphate phosphate

ghworld portsthrough ports Electricity from fossil fuels imported Electricity from- fossil fuels - imported river water river water import P2O5import China,P2O5 Israel,China, the Western Israel, the Sahara, Western South Sahara, Africa South Africa vestock maplivestock map Electricity produced ding to the byproduced AEB and by other private companies Electricity AEB and other private companies water out of Water water out Board of Water DunesBoard (n) Zandvoort Dunes (n) Zandvoort import of biomass import (animal of biomass foodconsumption) for human consumption) feed(animal and foodfeed for and human seepage water seepage from Bethune water from Polder Bethune (VechtPolder lakeland (Vecht area) lakeland area)

ant, g, n and n

purification processes purification processes the colour and improvement thetaste colour and taste improvement decalcification decalcification

fertilizer manufacturers organically fertilizer manufacturers organically fixed form fixed form it into chemical incorporate itincorporate into chemical manure manure

storage in reservoirs storage in reservoirs

nd retails people

16350 TJ of 16350 electricity consumed TJ of electricityannually consumed annually High consumption by data grid by data grid High consumption

ean energy nerated for clean energy waste ission

distributed within food-processing food-processing and distributed within and agricultural sector agricultural industries. agricultural industries. agricultural sector

80% distribution (pumps + main system) to consumer distribution (pumps + main system) to consumer

80%

via retail trade via retail trade people as(of consumers (of foodproduct) or another product) people as consumers food or another

wastewater both black grey wastewater both black grey

20% accumulates central sewage treatment plant (RWZI)plant (RWZI) 20% accumulates central sewage treatment in industrial andindustrial in consumer and consumer electricity gridelectricity - residualgrid heat that canheat be reused - residual that can be reused agricultural soil agricultural soil waste via thewaste sewers via the sewers decontaminated water phosphate sludge and biogas decontaminated water phosphate sludge and(largely biogas ends(largely ends floor) up at ocean floor)and incineration up at ocean and incineration North Sea Canal nitrogenandtonitrogen AEB for incineration North Sea and Canal to AEB for incineration heat + electricity heat + electricity

partly recovery (struvite)treatment at sewage treatment plant (struvite) at sewage plant immprove of efficiency usage of usage rounding area ome or in surrounding area Smart grids to Smart grids toefficiency immprove rainwater; (now drains to closest surfacepartly recovery collecting/usecollecting/use of rainwater;of(now drains to closest surface & reusedfertilizer in chemical fertilizer industry; industry; Increase dependency on wind farms the region se in the waste Increase dependency oninwind farms in the region water and in water in centre mixed with wastewater); RWZI & reused in chemical centreand mixed with wastewater); collaborationcollaboration RWZI Green DealRecycling Phosphate Recycling Chain Agreement Green Deal Phosphate Chain Agreement and make it easy for homeowners and building and owners to owners to al production and make it easy for homeowners building +AEB; thermal energy recovery; needed innovations needed to recover +AEB; thermal energy recovery; innovations to recover (2011)potential 20 parties; potentiallocal alternative (2011) 20 parties; alternative sourceslocal of sources of adopt solar energy, proposal to increase 9MW tofrom 160MW adopt solar energy, proposalfrom to increase 9MW to 160MW more base materials from wastewater more base materials from wastewater in thezone Westpoort zone phosphate inphosphate the Westpoort in 2020 (950000 sqm(950000 of solar sqm panels), biomass in 2020 of solar panels), biomass

ng packaging ver,

fossil fuels, wind fossilfarms, fuels, solar wind farms farms, solar farms

eineken, M Cocoa,Quality Heineken, Quality scuits, Duyvis, ce, United Biscuits, Duyvis, 32 Partners involved - amsterdam board 32 Partners involved economiic - amsterdam economiic board Cain Foods Wageningen UR versity and Wageningen UR gazinethe Project) Cities Magazine Project) Open - high dependency fossil fuelson fossil fuels Open - highon dependency

hrough consumption umption t of in food industry in stry export precess s

high quality water; high quality low price; water; efficient low price; mainefficient system;main system;

Waternet, Dunea, Waternet, Dunea, Oasen, PWNOasen, PWN RWZI’ s, AEBRWZI’ s, AEB

very scarce; very geo-political scarce; geo-political risks; surplusrisks; in NL;surplus in NL; environmental environmental effects (algae); effects downward (algae);trend downward of trend of accumulationaccumulation in farmland in farmland

Waternet, Port of A’dam, Farms (agri industry) Waternet, AEB, Port ofAEB, A’dam, Farms (agri industry) Fertilizers, Food industry, Fertilizer (ICLCargill), Fertilizers, Cargill), Food industry, Fertilizer industry, (ICLindustry, WageningenWageningen university, Association Regional Water Authorities university, of Association of Regional Water Authorities

Partially closed Partially closed

Mostly open -Mostly high losses open - high losses

medium gap: medium in general, people have heard of green gap: in general, peopleabout haverelevance heard about relevance of green medium gap; medium relativelygap; familiar with the importance water aboutknowing phosphate is not commonis not common relatively familiar with theofimportance of water large gap: knowing large gap: about phosphate energy. Questionable is whether they know about urgency energy. Questionable is whether theythe know aboutand the urgency and and possibly about appropriate probablyuse. less probably about its less processes and possibly aboutuse. appropriate about its processes ending resources.

Awareness energy about sources is limited ending resources.about Awareness energy sources is limited

ough logistics through production uction

waste, heat, water waste, heat, water

waste; heat; (electricity; phosphate) waste; heat; (electricity; phosphate)

people need to be more conscious about switching off switching off people need to be more conscious about consumption appliances and fixtures when not in use, consciousness about the about the appliances and fixtures when not in use, consciousness efor is not visible for most people most people everywhere: shower, cooking, drinking, food,drinking, toilet, cleaning everywhere: shower, cooking, food, toilet, cleaning energy they consume, reduced electricity billselectricity bills energy they consume, reduced farming or tourism urism

ltural landscape view pe view through logistics tics underground water d water

faming ing in suburban an altourism ics on smaller scale scale

Pumps, prepurification stations, smallstations, impact on landscape.

Pumps, prepurification small impact on landscape. use of open landscape in the region for windregion and solar farms use of open landscape in the for wind and solardistribution: farms subsoil.

RWZI’s, AEB:RWZI’s, larger plant impactplant on landscape. distribution: subsoil.

AEB:= larger = impact on landscape. in daily means: till it comes tap: after draines, invisible againinvisible again in invisible daily means: invisibleouttillthe it comes out itthe tap: after it draines,

use of individual rooftops for solar energy usehouse of individual house rooftops for solar energy

n indesign, architectural design, ural rebranding therebranding AMA withthe as aAMA zerowith waste mazimised as and a zero waste and mazimised es stakeholders renewable energy regionenergy region renewable st,smells sometimes smells

ose. dustrial design, hospitality n, hospitality

doable. but, when outbut, of the mainoutsystem, has tosystem, be constructed doable. when of the main has to be constructed a complete local system, local housesystem, to streethouse scaleto street scale a complete

very suitable very suitable (wastewater may have larger (wastewater mayimplications have largerthough) implications though)

large scale landscape interventions high potential for potential for large scale landscape has interventions has high placemaking placemaking hospitality, food industries, landscape industrial design hospitality, food industries,designers, landscape designers, industrial design

food logistics center, center, water is aintypical asset and in landscape andfortechnology for NL in general yes; water is ayes; typical asset landscape technology NL in general solar farms and wind farms potential solar farms andhave windthe farms havetothebecome potential to become as new production center ction center landmarks of landmarks the region -ofcontribute of place the regionto-identity contribute to identity of place alsowater the drinking is very efficient, also the drinking systemwater is verysystem efficient, as strong research support earch support high quality water, low price concerns highconcerns quality water, low price

very high, natural fuelgas resources expected to beexpected to be verygas high,fossil natural fossil fuel resources ly urgent, depleted by 2030 depleted by 2030 reit in working it in a long term a long on term

medium high;medium no directhigh; risksno direct risks

food; waste; water food; waste; water

46

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

01

Suitability Analysis Mapping

3

3

To reflect the spill-over advantages of the creative industry in the regional spatial structure of AMA region, exploration through spatial mapping is needed. This exploration’s objective is not only to find existing clusters/places where creative industries are located, but also to find potential places to create a new clusters/ places.

To find intervention zones, the suitability analysis method (McHarg, 1969) is adapted for the project.

As with McHarg’s framework, the basic idea behind suitability analysis is the attempt in creating synergy between

human

system

e.g.,

urban

expansion

development program (one of the project mentioned is highway expansion) and the natural system. In the project mentioned by McHarg, the suitability analysis is used to find the most suitable location for highway expansion with the intention to minimize the bad effect to the nature reserve. The analysis produced a set of matrixes of measurable compatibility criteria (Image 1) complemented with a suitability map (Image 2).

2 Image 1. McHarg Matrix Source - https://suzanneodonovan.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/7_ mcharg-staten-island.jpg Image 2. McHarg Suitability Map Source - https://sonjadogg.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/pic5-1.jpg McHarg, I.L. and Mumford, L., (1969). Design with nature (pp. 7-17).

New York: American Museum of Natural History.

Analysis

47

mapping the creative industry Methodology

02

In order to do this exploration, key elements and their main

Identifying Relevant Criteria

Landscape Features

LF

An Attractive Landscape

AL

Historic Value

HV PS

Cycle friendly pathways

CY

Socio Cultural Facilities

SC

Parks and Sports Facilities

PS

Education Facilities

characteristics are derived and developed based on the study

by Romein, A. and J.J. Trip (2008). Although this study did not specify the spatial manifestation of the key elements and their characteristics, some of them reflect spatial manifestations and therefore possible to be mapped. Three key elements that are chosen to be mapped are: representation/identity; amenities, and clusters (creative clusters). These key elements are then each defined by their characteristics and then mapped based on the available data and from reference studies (see table on the appendix).

I

Expanded from McHarg’s suitability analysis method, the basic idea is to find the potential location or catchment area (e.g.,

ED

x radius from the location) of each key elements with their characteristics. For example, for the identity element, one of

A

the factor that we choose is landscape attractiveness. Based on the research by Lankhorst (2011), spatial mapping of the

Diversity of Cafes and Restaurants

CF

Affordable Live/ Work Spaces

AF

Retrofitting Old Industrial Buildings

OL

assumption of reachable by walking and cycling).

Existing Workspaces

WS

After specifying criteria for each factor for all the three

Existing Creative Clusters

CC

attractive landscape is done. We think of attractive landscape as one of the identity element that attract creative workforce

C

to AMA region, the suitable location is not on the attractive landscape itself, but on the catchment radius of 500 m (with

elements (identity, amenities, and clusters), these key elements

Image 3. Relevant Criteria for the Creative Industry Source - Diagram by Author(s) 2017

Image 3. Circular Creative Cluster - Cruquius Source - Photograph by Author(s) 2017

3

layers will be overlaid, and areas that intersect all the three key elements are considered the most suitable potential areas for creative industry to intervene in this project.

48

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Image 1. Overlay of Spatial Factors relevant to the Creative Industry Source - Synthesis - Author(s) 2017 Original Data - maps.amsterdam.nl

Analysis

49

mapping the creative industry Overlays

Synthesis For the first key element – identity, the characteristics mentioned in the study is ‘DNA of the city as a while or specific intra-city areas’. We interpreted this DNA into three main factors, namely landscape attractiveness, cycling

culture,

and

old

buildings.

Landscape

attractiveness are mapped from the study by Lankhorst (2011). We only included the most attractive landscape (score

8.5-9.5).

In

addition,

landscape

features

are mapped from the landuse map e.g., water for recreational, forest, dry natural area, and wetlands uses.

Identity

Cycling culture is mapped from the national, regional, and local cycling paths. Building age are mapped from the maps.amsterdam.nl website with criteria of the year between 1620-1950 that can be considered as old building.

For the second key element – amenities, the

Amenities

characteristics mentioned in the study are quite straight forward mentioning specific important uses e.g., cultural festivals, outdoor sporting facilities, parks, education facilities, and cafes/restaurants. Location for each use are derived from the landuse map and manual mapping. The last key element – clusters, the characteristics mentioned in the study are affordable spaces and old industrial buildings. We then added the

Physical Clusters

new characteristic of current location of creative clusters.

Affordable spaces are derived from the property value (maps.amsterdam.nl) and old industrial buildings are derived from the vacancy map (maps.amsterdam.nl).

Current creative clusters are derived from research

by ABF. Catchment areas are then specified for each component with assumption of reachability by walking and cycling.

50

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Analysis

51

mapping the creative industry Synthesis

From the synthesis, we see that the darker areas are suitable for creative industry to intervene based on the criteria that we chose (identity, amenities, and clusters).

Though the most suitable areas are located in the city centre (illustrated with light transparency in the map - Appendix B) within the Amsterdam municipality.

However, focusing on the peri-urban area of the AMA region, we isolated the peri-urban based on the predefined map by the REPAiR research team. To conclude, there are suitable areas in the peri-urban area for creative industry to intervene, contrasting the notion that only the city centre as the preferable area for the creative industry to be located.

52

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Analysis

53

spatial structure Existing Infrastructure

54

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Analysis

55

spatial structure

Regional Typologies

To understand the spatial structure of the region, we mapped four categories of regional typologies.

This was based on density and urban boundaries (like highways, municipal lines and water bodies).

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Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Analysis

57

spatial structure

Peri-Urban Sub-Typologies

Within

the

peri-urban

typology

we identified eight sub-typologies based

on

framework

the

theoretical

(Chapter

2).

These

were natural and rural landscapes, large scale suburban residential neighbourhoods, landscapes,

large

recreational mono-function

types, commercial and business parks, green houses and the urban fringe.

58

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

59

STRATEGY Spatial Strategy Project Strategy Peri-urban Strategy Design Principles Governance Strategy Time-line Overview

60

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Spatial Strategy

Regional Typologies Based on our analysis of the spatial structure of the AMA, we identified four regional typologies. The first being the dense urban pockets, these included the urban centers of the city of Amsterdam, the city of Haarlem and Almere in Flevoland. We also identified two levels of peri-urban regions, one with more predominant urban features and the other with more natural green or rural Images - Spatial Strategy Source - Author(s) 2017

features. This category had more ambiguous features.

The last category was the Rural-Natural type.

Strategy

The Impact Zone

The Legend - High concentration of the creative industry is located here. It is important to strengthen and create favourable conditions for them.

- Large population density, high impact to affect people’s behavior.

- The expanding urban city boundaries or the sprawl need to contained

The Incubator Zone

The flows of materials are highly prominent in the peri-urban zone, making it suitable for addressing the circular economy - Close proximity to the other two zones, make it ideal for design interventions that draw from the features of both zones - Large potential for placemaking projects

The Value Zone

Assigning Roles for the Legend - Important to preserve the landscape to maintain the Based on our analysis of the region, we distributed

attractiveness of the Region

roles for each category that we identified in the spatial

- Recreation and Leisure activities can be located in this

analysis. The dense urban pockets would act as the

zone.

zone of Impact. The two levels of peri-urban region

- High potential to create awareness about

would be the incubator zone, the ideal category for any

sustainability and form the basis for the sustainable and

interventions. And the rural=natural landscape, was an

circular identity of the region.

important aspect to the identity of the AMA. Hence, this was categorized as the Value Zone. This would be preserved, and strengthen the identity of the region.

Hence, the incubator zone would be the ideal location for the projects

61

62

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Project Strategy

Peri-urban Area

Incubator Zone

Principles based on the Objectives

Existing Spatial Structure

Spatial 8 Typologies

Local Actors

Tactic Library

CI

Policy

Proposed Spatial Impact

Regional Network of Interventions

Four Focus Areas

Implementation Strategy

Project

Within the AMA, the peri-urban typology will act as an incubator zone for which we developed principles, based on our objectives.

These principles would be realised through design tactics that consider spatial impact, stakeholder interest and creative industry potential and implemented as either policy or project - in the four focus zones, and these would be subsequently replicated in the region based on typology.

Strategy

Design Principles

Use the existing resources

Creative workforce as agents

As part of the circular economy principles, we will use

To bridge the disassociation of sustainability concept

resources that are available in the area, specifically

to the people, we will use creative workforce as agent

for each typology e.g., vacant office buildings, vacant

harnessing the spill-over advantages of the creative

greenhouses, and former ship

industry.

Promote compact city

Enforce regional identity

Aligned with the objective to use the landscape to

With the intention to affect people’s lifestyle, regional

contain by urban sprawl, we will promote a compact city

identity will be enforced with the identity of sustainability

concept to guide future development of the AMA and

and circularity, specifically with the distinct character of

maintain the landscape attractiveness.

creative industry.

63

64

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Peri-urban Strategy

The Natural Landscape we choose to

The greenhouse typology would be

preserve.

intervened to close material flows.

The Rural Landscape we choose to

The Commercial Typ we chose to

preserve.

demonstrate circular lifestyles

Strategy

Large suburban residential developments

The urban fringe is suitable for exposing

we chose to densify

the material flows and engaging people.

The mono-function type was ideal for

Recreational Landscape will be integrated

linking different material flows

with renewable energy farms

65

66

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Buro Broedplaatsen

Buro Broedplaatsen

Kerngroep Creatieve Kerngroep Industrie

AMA

AMA

Creatieve Industrie

fix-the-gap board fix-the-gap

private sector

board

research and knowledge research bank

private sectorhousing corporations housing corporations

Amsterdam Smart City

Amsterdam Smart City

and knowledge bank

A’dam Economic Board

hospitality

A’dam Economic Board

networks

Amsterdam Creative Industries Network creatief MKB

networks

creative industries

creative industries

hospitality

Amsterdam Creative Industries Network creatief MKB

stimulators

schools

stimulators

schools events

businesses

events

incubators

businesses

incubators

three managing coordinating platforms of the AMA Platform Regionaal Economische Structuur (PRES)

three managing coordinating platforms of the AMA

coordinates the economic activities of the cooperating governments in AMA. 4x p/y concerns industrial and office locations (Plabeka), tourism policy, education and employment and knowledge & innovation. regional authorities in Amsterdam Economic Board work closely with business/industry and educational and research institutions.

Platform Regionaal Economische Structuur (PRES)

coordinates the economic activities of the cooperating governments in AMA. 4x p/y Platform Ruimtelijke Ordening (PRO)

concerns industrial office locations (Plabeka), tourism policy, education and employment and knowledge & innovation. coordination of regionaland development and spatial planning.

4x p/y regional authorities in Amsterdam Economic Board work closely with business/industry and educational and research institutions. regarding sustainability, metropolitan landscape and urbanization.

Platform Bereikbaarheid Metropoolregio Amsterdam (PBM)

Platform Ruimtelijke Ordening (PRO)

coordinates all activities related to traffic and transport projects. coordination of regional development and spatial planning.

4x p/y strategies. 4x p/y concerns (international) accessibility, major infrastructure and development

regarding sustainability, metropolitan landscape and urbanization.

https://vervoerregio.nl/pagina/20160123-metropoolregio-amsterdam-

Platform Bereikbaarheid Metropoolregio Amsterdam (PBM)

coordinates all activities related to traffic and transport projects. concerns (international) accessibility, major infrastructure and development strategies. 4x p/y https://vervoerregio.nl/pagina/20160123-metropoolregio-amsterdamLandscape Guidelines Building Vacancy

Advertisement Campains

Strategy

67

governance

The Fix-the-Gap Board

To implement the strategy, an organizational body or

Top Down Policies

a specialized task-force is required to realise the end goals and make the project feasible. Thus introducing,

1. The natural-rural landscapes identified in the analysis, are preserved as a part of the landscape protection guidelines.

2. The municipal body will not issue new construction permits, till the building vacancy in the region is addressed 3. The energy efficiency of the green-houses have to be increased, owners updating the technology to receive tax rebates

the Fix-the-Gap (FTG) Board, an organisation involved in

introducing

top-down

policies,

coordinating,

supporting, facilitating, stimulating, and managing the time and progress of the various pilot projects. They will also deal with the expansion of the local level projects to a regional strategy.

The board would develop strong connections to the local community (irrespective of the creative industries).

They are aware of different actors, projects and trends in the region. This is important, so that the strategy

4. Every supermarket or food chain, are required to have a left-over food resell-pick point 5. Densification of sub-urban areas to address housing demand, no permits for new housing projects that require expansion or urban city limits 6. Promotion of up-cycling centers, incentives for enterprises with annual zero-waste output.

can be changed based on specific time and resource conditions. With time, the board will establish an extensive formal and informal network of contacts with the creative industries and related actors. They also seek to maintain a good relationship with the AMA consortium and related boards (the Creative board, Amsterdam Economic Board). Also, representatives of the FTG will work independently in each municipality, to include local interests and stakeholders.

The board also works together with Amsterdam Smart City project, because of its similar goals, and contributes to the already existing build up of knowledge, updated through research by design.. Simultaneously, a database of different actors belonging to the creative industry is generated for future projects. An inventory of other relevant actors, from the private sector (like developers, housing co-operations, hospitality industry) will be generated. .

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Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

The GAP - The disassociation between people and abstract concepts of sustainability and circularity

Preparation

Test Projects

04

To Engage

To Demonstrate

02 MIND THE

To Close

GAP_

To Link

2019

Indicators

Task Force

like Defining Protected Landscapes

Negotiations with relevant stakeholders for top-down implementation like Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment Local Municipalities

Procuring investments for the project

Upcycling

10%

2020

Introducing the Fix-the-Gap (FTG) Board, a body that oversees the implementation of the strategy

Sustainable Greenhouses

20%

2017

MIND THE GAP_

Vacancy Rate

30%

A New vision for the AMA!!!

00

% households twt

19%

Advertising the Vision to garner interest and invite relevant stakeholders

01

05 Preparation

Review

2023

02 Identifying the interested municipalities to host the pilot projects Inviting planners and urban designers to develop, design and oversee for the pilot projects

2024

03

Identifying the interested municipalities to host the pilot projects Inviting planners and urban designers to develop, design and oversee for the pilot projects

MIND THE GAP_ Targets Achieved!!!!

Advertising the Vision to garner interest and invite relevant stakeholders showing successful interventions

Chapter Title

Strategy Timeline Neighbourhood Level

Review

Regional Level

Preparation

11

At the Level To Engage 2.0

At the Level To Engage 3.0

% households twt

% households twt

100%

85% To Demonstrate 2.0

To Demonstrate3.0

Vacancy Rate

0%

0% To Close 2.0

To Close 3.0

Sustainable Greenhouses

Sustainable Greenhouses

80%

40%

To Link 2.0

Vacancy Rate

To Link 3.0

Upcycling

Upcycling

30%

60%

Indicators

10

2030 06

Identifying the interested municipalities to host the pilot projects

2050 07

09 08 Sustainable Lifestyles

Inviting planners and urban designers to develop, design and oversee for the pilot projects

A network of intervention at different locations, repeated based on policy

69

70

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Overview LEGEND

OBSERVATIONS

concentration of people (>lifestyles)

URBAN

concentration of creative industries + workforce concentration of consumption high density

ROLE IN OBJECTIVE

PRINCIPLES

TYPOLOGIES

SPILLZONE MONOF.

maintain the creative industry while connecting it to the network of the incubator zone as well as creating relations between the lifestyles here and the other 2 zones to make the spill-over effect as large as possible

GREENH. transition zone: relates to 2 sides unique to AMA lower density > more space

PERIURBAN

more complex structures by combinations of typologies important infrastructural points within material flow cycles (production)

INCUBATOR ZONE intervening within specific locations using its creative industries and workforce with different techniques to make flows locally visible (>awareness) and to make flows linked and circular (>sustainability) growing toward a network of projects and communities that contribute to the regions identity of sustainability

USE THE EXISTING RESOURCES CONNECT TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE INSTITUTIONS TAPPING ONTO EXISTING MUNICIPAL VENTURES, EXISTING C.E. INITIATIVES , EXISTING CLUSTER NICHES

URB.FR.

COMPACT CITY; PREVENTING URBAN SPRAWL POLICY: ALL NEW CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS WILL ONLY BE APPROVED IF THE PROPOSED FUNCTION CANNOT BE REHABILITATED IN EXISTING VACANT BUILDINGS

RES.SUB-U

BRANDING THE REGIONS IDENTITY REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS) REGIONS SUCCESFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY (TOURISTS)

FACILITATING FEATURES RELATED TO THE CI (&CW) BY PROVIDING AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTER

open spaces

COMM.

clean air green-blue structures ecological value health

RURAL

attracts creatives attracts tourists

VALUE ZONE maintaining its attractiveness of the opens space and its qualities, whilst offering recreation in a way that increases awareness about sustainable concepts and thereby contributes to the regions identity of sustainability

RECREAT.

NATURAL

attracts other people (day visitors) not dense, few people living production - process - comsumption

RURAL

Strategy

71

Overview

CI/CW

FLOWS

GENERAL

TACTICS

STAKEHOLDERS’ INCENTIVES

LOCATION SPECIFIC EXAMPLES: IMPLEMENTATION

USE VACANT LAND USE VACANT BUILDINGS

VISIBILITY THROUGH MUNICIPAL CONNECTION

IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY NATURAL QUALITY IMPROVEMENT LOCAL FOOD MARKETS/ SHOPS /RESTAURANT-CAFES DIGITAL PLATFORM MARKETPLACE MATERIALS CREATIVE DESIGN AND PRODUCTION CENTRE UPCYCLING POINTS (NEIGHBOURHOOD POINTS TO DISTRICT FACTORY) LEFT-OVER FOOD PICK-UP POINTS OR SHOPS ADJUST PUBLIC PART OF THE SYSTEM TO CIRCULARITY THE WASTE TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION

DEMONSTRATING COMMUNITY BUILDING

GLOBAL PIPELINE CONNETIONS

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I. PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR C.W. PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.? WHICH?

ATTENTION: PROMOTION, EXPOSURE

CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

IMPROVING PUBLIC GOODS

KNOWLEDGE SHARING PLATFORMS (DIG) PLACEMAKING, RAISING REAL ESTATE VALUE

COWORKING SPACES WORKSHOP SPACES NEIGHBOURHOOD SPACE/COMMUNITY

circular lifestyles by work&live creative cluster

business park A’dam south Bijlmer & ArenA area

KNOWLEDGE & INNOVATION SPILL-OVER

FUNDING RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE INST. TO PROMOTE INNOVATION ON CE

VISIBILITY, PEOPLE,LIFESTYLES

TYPOLOGY STRATEGIC SOLUTIONS: SET OF TACTICS

CLOSING a specific flow in innovative ways, using existing structures creatively

LINKING flows by creative industries by combining design and production

greenhouses A’dam Greenport

monofuntional A’dam Port

CREATIVE SOLUTIONS (e.g. for business)

CREATE LANDMARKS ART PROJECTS PLACEMAKING PROJECTS (SEE UNFOLDED ACTIVITIES WHERE?)

EXPOSING REACHING OUT TARGET AUDIENCE

EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S SPATIAL MANIFESTATIONS OF DIGITAL AWARENESS ACTIONS EXPOSED FLOWS ON STREET SCENE DIGITAL PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING

NON SPATIAL SPATIAL

SPACES (WORK, LIVE, PLAY, ETC)

flows to raise awareness and engaging people

urban fringe A’dam West

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Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

1 Image 1. Brainstorm Session while developing a set of strategies of “Tactics� for the Squares Source - Photograph by Author(s) 2017 Image 2. Tactics Methodology Source - Diagram by Author(s) 2017

A set of tactics were created to apply on the square - based on the theme and design intentions for each typology

73

TACTICS LIBRARY

Tactics

Stakeholder Interests

Squares

2

74

RESEARCH AND OWLEDGE

OOD UPCYCLING POINTS

CANT BUILDINGS

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles KNOWLEDGE SHARING PLATFORMS

Tactic 1

COWORKING SPACES

LOCAL MARKETS

SPATIAL MANIFESTATIONS OF DIGITAL AWARENESS ACTIONS

NEIGHBOURHOOD UPCYCLING POINTS

ADJUSTING PUBLIC PART OF THE SYSTEM TO CIRCULARITY

REGIONS SUCCESFUL CIRCULAR ECON

.

Use vacant buildings (re-use, or transform + use) LEFT-OVER FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD PICK-UP POINTS

USE VACANT LAND/SPACE

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR C.W

PLACEMAKING PROJECTS

PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.?

USE VACANT BUILDINGS

CREATING LANDMARKS

DISTRICT UPCYCLING BRAN FACT

Tactic 2

.

Use vacant land

DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY

DIGITAL PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING

ART PROJECTS

EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I.

CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

BRANDING REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS)

Image 1. Paley park, an example of pocket park, New York

Image 2. Postbahnhof, train station into event hall, Berlin

Image 3. Larkin Square, food truck events, and the “Live at Larkin” concert series, New York

Image 4. Tropicana, swimming pool into mushroom greenhouse, Rotterdam

Statement

Statement

Creative urban activists have been transforming vacant land into community green space for decades, such projects continue to be prevalent in many cities and are often operated through multiple organizations. One common strategy is to transform a vacant plot into green spaces like community gardens, urban farmland or even forests. A second common strategy for developing vacant land centers on generating a special event or experience.

In Amsterdam the amount of unused building sites is as large as IJburg, and there are 1.25 million m2 of unoccupied office space. This is a problem as well as an opportunity for officials, politicians, developers and residents in the context of after economic crisis time. Creative change of vacant buildings involve academic researchers and volunteers to test their knowledge to improve the public health.

Reference

Reference

Paley Park in New York provides a quiet escape from the city in Midtown Manhattan. It’s popularity is due to its central location and design that makes it easily accessible and visible to passer-bys on the street.

In Buffalo’s Larkinville neighborhood, the site of a long-demolished soap manufacturing plant now houses a verdant square that hosts the annual Live at Larkin series of summer concerts. The increased pedestrian traffic and vibrancy in the area has spurred the emergence of related activities at the site.

Postbahnhof Berlin is a railway station in service between 1907 to 1997, the facilities of the Postbahnhof at the Ostbahnhof are listed under monument protection and are now used as venues.

Tropicana Rotterdam Tropicana was a leisure resort on the Maasboulevard in Rotterdam , commissioned in 1988, close in 2010. Since early 2013, a number of entrepreneurs proposed to amend the zoning. In the 5 year period between building is used as a mushroom farm, stadskas and catering facility.

Source

Source

Evidence Matters, (2014), Temporary Urbanism: Alternative Approaches to Vacant Land. Retrieved from https://www.huduser.gov/ portal/periodicals/em/winter14/highlight4.html

Jeffrey Hou, (2014), Now Urbanism: The Future City is Here

Image source: http://pkdf0tgenk-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/places/files/2015/07/Tree-Canopy.jpg https://www.huduser.gov/portal/periodicals/em/winter14/images/em_winter13_4_1.jpg

Image source: http://postbahnhof.de/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/aerztekongress-460x234.jpg Image source: https://i.ytimg.com/vi/ojZKSjyX9Iw/maxresdefault.jpg

IMPROVE ACC

CREATING LANDMARK

THE WASTE TRANS

Tactic Library SPATIAL MANIFESTATIONS OF DIGITAL AWARENESS ACTIONS

SING

NATURE QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS

Tactic 3 PLACEMAKING PROJECTS LOCAL MARKETS

HBOURHOOD NTS

USE VACANT LAND/SPACE

CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

PROVIDE AMENITIES C.W.?

DIGITAL PROMOTION AND FOR ADVERTISING

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR C.W BRANDING REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS)

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I.

CREATIVE DESIGN AND PRODUCTION CENTRE

.

Natural quality improvements IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY SPATIAL MANIFESTATIONS OF DIGITAL AWARENESS ACTIONS

PHYSICALLY EXPOSED MATERIAL ADJUSTINGFLOWS PUBLICWITHIN PART OFTHE THEPUBLIC SYSTEM TO CIRCULARITY SPACE

PLACEMAKING PROJECTS THE WASTE TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION

Image 5. Bike path in Ruhrgebiet, Germany EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S

75

Tactic 4

.

Improve accessibility

G FOR

G

ADJUSTING PUBLIC PART OF THE SYSTEM TO CIRCULARITY

BRANDING REGIONS SUCCESFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY (TOURISTS)

PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.?

NEIGHBOURHOD CENTER

BRANDING WORKSHOP SPACES REGIONS SUCCESFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY (TOURISTS)

IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY

NATURE QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS

CREATIVE DESIGN AND PRO

PHYSICALLY EXPOSED MATERIAL FLOWS WITHIN THE PUBLIC SPACE

WORKSHOP SPA

DIGITAL PLATFORM MARKETPLACE MATERIALS

Image 6. Westergasbabriek park, Amsterdam CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

BRANDING REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS)

THE WASTE TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION

NEIGHBOURHOD CENTER

Image 7. Erasmus Bridge connecting Rotterdam north and south, Rotterdam

Image 8. Yorkshire Sculpture Park, Yorkshire, UK

Statement

Statement

Creative work force are found through study prefer to live in the city center, where more amenities and resources are better connected.

Accessibility is not only about mobility. Instead of simply attempting to maximize the total amount of movement, accessibility places primacy on the ability to reach a chosen destination, which in our case, is the sustainable creative clustering.

Ugly land scares the talent away. More business areas, greenhouses and windmills in the Netherlands is disastrous for the economy.

The quality of the environment is decisive . Nature and beautiful landscapes in and around metropolitan areas are crucial for attracting highly skilled, creative and entrepreneurial knowledge.

The Erasmus Bridge (Dutch: Erasmusbrug) is a combined cable-stayed and bascule bridge in the centre of Rotterdam, connecting the north and south parts of this city. The bridge is frequently featured in events such as film making, perfomances, The World Port Days and 2010 Tour de France.

Westergasfabriek park attached to Westergasfabriek, offers diverse spatial and temporal experiences and highlights the project’s placement between city and nature.

Yorkshire Sculpture Park is an open-air gallery in West Bretton, showing work by British and international artists. The ‘gallery without walls’ has a changing exhibition programme.

Source

Source

Daniel Nairn, (2010) , From a mobility to an accessibility orientation.

Retrieved from http://discoveringurbanism.blogspot.nl/2010/02/ from-mobility-to-accessibility.html Erasmusbrug, (2017), Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Erasmusbrug

Adriaan Geuze, (2016). Lelijk land schrikt talent af. Retrieved from https://blendle.com/i/de-volkskrant/lelijk-land-schrikt-talent-af/bnl-vkn-20160618-6578022?verified=true&sharer=eyJ2ZXJzaW9uIjoiMSIsInVpZCI6Inl1ZW1hbyIsIml0ZW1faWQiOiJibmwtdmtuLTIwMTYwNjE4LTY1NzgwMjIifQ%3D%3D

Image source: http://meurers.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Ruhrgebiet-Essen-Radfahren-Erzbahn_1919.jpg Image source: http://broer.no/bro/b/b4_2.jpg

Image source: https://createyourownlife83.files.wordpress.com/2013/06/11-07-02-wgfzomer-0331.jpg Image source: http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-AjJrgdr6GUQ/TaLocHO8nEI/AAAAAAAAACg/ nXXn-FllrvQ/s1600/YSP+1-b.jpg

DIGITAL PLATFORM MARK

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

76

Tactic 5 DIGITAL PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING

ESEARCH AND WLEDGE

OD UPCYCLING POINTS

ANT BUILDINGS

Tactic 6

.

Local Food Project (markets, shops, restaurant/cafe) KNOWLEDGE SHARING PLATFORMS

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR C.W DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY

SPATIAL MANIFESTATIONS OF DIGITAL AWARENESS ACTIONS COWORKING SPACES

ADJUSTING PUBLIC PART OF THE SYSTEM TO CIRCULARITY LOCAL MARKETS

PLACEMAKING PROJECTS

PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.?

LEFT-OVER FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD PICK-UP POINTS

Image 11. Local Food market impression PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I. CREATING LANDMARKS

CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES ART PROJECTS

.

Creative design and production centre

USE VACANT LAND/SPACE

BRANDING REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS)

EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S

BRANDING REGIONS SUCCESFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY (TOURISTS) DIGITAL PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING

IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR C.W

NATURE QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS SPATIAL MANIFESTATIONS OF DIGITAL AWARENESS ACTIONS

PHYSICALLY EXPOSED MATERIAL FLOWS WITHIN THE PUBLIC SPACE PLACEMAKING PROJECTS

CREATIVE DESIGN AND PRODUCTION CENTRE ADJUSTING PUBLIC PART OF THE SYSTEM TO CIRCULARITY

WORKSHOP SPACES PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.?

IMPROVE ACCE

Image 9. Wastedlab waste plastic workshop, Amsterdam DIGITAL PLATFORM MARKETPLACE MATERIALS THE WASTE TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION NEIGHBOURHOD CENTER

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I.

CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

BRANDING REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS)

Image 12. Café De Ceuvel in Amsterdam

Image 10. Extra City workshop in Kunsthal, Antwerpen

Statement

Statement

By relating local food closer to the daily lifes of people, it would help rising the notion of the value of food, its origin, and making it less self-evident.

Besides, it costs less transport, and shorter time before it is consumed, so less means are needed to preserve. Also the Dutch Government stimulates the development of local products. Stated is that the sustainable impact mostly is reached when there is methods involved to educate people.

Creative design and production center helps to upcycling material and thus close the flows. The center itself can also function as agency to engage community, bring and spread creative solutions to neighborhoods.

The form of center can either be flexibily inserted neighborhood hubs or attachments of big public amenities such as museums.

Reference

Reference

De Ceuvel is an experiment in urban sustainability: everything is built out of local recycled materials, every roof is full of solar panels and every office cleans it’s own discarded water. In the middle is their cafe: it serves all kinds of delicious, organic and local food and drinks.

Wastedlab is a neighborhood laboratory for plastic waste upcycling based in Amsterdam north, creating a traveling lab of small-scale, self-designed machinery for plastic upcycling.

Extra City is a Kunsthal that finds inspiration in the city for depicting different visions of our future, by encouraging new links between contemporary (inter)national art and artists, researchers, and citizens.

Source Groen Kennisnet, (2015) , Regionaal Voedsel, from http://www. groenkennisnet.nl/nl/groenkennisnet/dossier/dossier-regionaal-voedsel.htm Ruiter, de, H., (2016), Blog: Lokaal voedsel of wereldhandel?, from http://youthfoodmovement.nl/blog-lokaal-voedsel-wereldhandel/ Algorhythm, (n.d.) The Ceuvel, from http://algorhythm.nl/ceuvel/

Source Martha Rosler, (2011) , Culture Class: Art, Creativity, Urbanism, Part IIJoost Peters. Retrieved from http://www.e-flux.com/journal/23/67813/culture-class-art-creativity-urbanism-part-ii/

Image source: http://exploremiamisburg.com/miamisburg-farmers-market/ Image source: https://www.amsterdamenergie.nl/biogasboot-bij-de-ceuvel/

BRAND REGIONS SUCCESFUL IM CIRCULAR ECONO

Image source: http://www.wastedlab.nl/media/cms_page_media/9/Photo%20Jul%20 10%2C%2018%2052%2021%20copy.jpg Image source: http://extracitykunsthal.org/ECK13/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/small_arewe-changing-the-world-extra-city-kunsthal-2005-workshop11.jpg

THE WASTE TRANSF

C.W.?

FOR C.I. LUSTERS)

IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY

Tactic Library

PHYSICALLY EXPOSED MATERIAL FLOWS WITHIN THE PUBLIC SPACE

FUNDING RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE

Tactic 7

.

Digital platform marketplace materials NEIGHBOURHOD CENTER

KNOWLEDGE SHARIN

Tactic 8

.

Upcycling points (neighbourhood to district factory) NEIGHBOURHOOD UPCYCLING POINTS

THE WASTE TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION

77

WORKSHOP SPACES

DISTRICT UPCYCLING

DIGITAL PLATFORM MARKETPLACE MATERIALS

USE VACANT BUILDINGS

Image 13. Oogtkaart, online recycling material map by Superuse Studios

Image 15. Repaired Clothing from Patagoni

Image 14. Bouw Beurs, construction material platform hosting the largest annual material exhibition in the Netherlands

Image 16. Old bike parts are transformed into new products

Statement

Statement

Material market, especially reused material market, stimulates creative solutions of recycling in the construction section. Dynamically and flexibly designed buildings can be incorporated into a circular economy – where materials in buildings sustain their value. That will lead to waste reduction and the use of fewer virgin resources. Digital platforms such as BAMB enable regional even global impact of these solutions.

Upcycling is when materials from an old product are used to make a new product without being turned in to raw materials first as would happen in the recycling process.

The creative industry, designers specifically can play an important role in upcycling as they can come up with unique new fuctions for old products. Creating value by design Upcycling points are places where wasted products and materials are assebled to be repurposed by the creative industry

Reference

Reference

Harvestmap (Oogstkaart in Dutch) is an online marketplace for redundant and second hand materials. Harvestmap allows companies or individuals to make an inventory of their supply of materials, components or even buildings to superusers.

The EU funded BAMB project brings 16 parties throughout Europe together for one mission – enabling a systemic shift in the building sector by creating circular solutions and creating ways to increase the value of building materials.

Patagonia is a clothing company that has the worn wear program, in this program customers can return their old clothing to the patagonia store and they will repair the clothing and give it a new life while also giving the clothing item a unique touch. They have been doing this since 2005

Source European Commission, (2014). Moving towards a circular economy through industrial symbiosis. Retrieved from http://cordis.europa.eu/ programme/rcn/664555_en.pdf

Source Worn Wear. (2017). Patagonia. Retrieved 13 April 2017, from http:// www.patagonia.com/worn-wear.html

Image source: https://www.oogstkaart.nl/

Image source: https://www.instagram.com/p/BSurjC8BFDi/?hl=en&taken-by=wornwear

Image source: http://www.bamb2020.eu/

Image source: http://www.theupcycle.nl/shop/upcycle-gear/pants-up/bicyclebelt/

CREATING LAND

78

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

ING RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE

RHOOD UPCYCLING POINTS

FUNDING RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE

KNOWLEDGE SHARING PLATFORMS

COWORKING SPACES

LOCAL MARKETS

Tactic 9

KNOWLEDGE SHARING PLATFORMS

DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY USE VACANT BUILDINGS

DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY

LEFT-OVER FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD PICK-UP POINTS CREATING LANDMARKS

USE VACANT LAND/SPACE ART PROJECTS

CREATING LANDMARKS

ART PROJECTS

USE VACANT LAND/SPACE DIGITAL PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR C.W EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S

Image 17. Too Good to Go, leftover food ordering App.

E VACANT BUILDINGS

ADJUSTING PUBLIC PART OF THE SYS

.

Adjust public part of the system to circularity (waste sep. bins, green street lighting, furniture) LEFT-OVER FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD PICK-UP POINTS LOCAL MARKETS

COWORKING SPACES

SPATIAL MANIFESTATIONS OF DIGITAL AWARENESS ACTIONS

Tactic 10

.

Left-over food pick-up points or shops NEIGHBOURHOOD UPCYCLING POINTS

DIGITAL PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING

EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR C.W SPATIAL MANIFESTATIONS OF DIGITAL AWARENESS ACTIONS

PLACEMAKING PROJECTS PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I.

PLACEMAKING PROJECTS ADJUSTING PUBLIC PART OF THE SYSTEM TO CIRCULARITY

PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.?

CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

BRANDING REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS)

Image 20. Colored and Labled Waste Seperation Bins

Statement

Statement

Left over food from Supermarkets, restaurants and households are collected and sold for a low price or given away for free to the public instead of throwing it away.

An important part of getting the public to participate in the circular economy is to make it easy for them to do so. By designing products and spaces that can largely contribute to circularity with public participation in a way that it’s clear for the users what they have to do to be circular, can effect the efficiency of the circular economy.

Reference

Reference

Currently 40% of food is thrown away without being eaten.

Too Good to Go is an app in the UK where users can order leftover food from restaurants that would otherwise throw it away, at a low price.

The hangbag is a design for a shopping bag that after use can be easily folded by the user into a hanger to hang clothes thus extending the life span of the bag.

Source

Source

App Lets You Buy Leftover Food From Restaurants And It’s Really Cheap. (2017). The Huffington Post.z, from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/app-lets-you-buy-leftover-food-from-restaurantsand-its-really-cheap_us_57aa4469e4b0ba7ed23dff1a

A Paper Shopping Bag That Transforms Into a Hanger Back Home.

(2013). Gizmod. Retrieved from http://gizmodo.com/a-paper-shopping-bag-that-transforms-into-a-hanger-back-1472792848

Image source: http://www.boredpanda.com/public-street-fridge-for-homeless-india/

REGIONS SUCCES CIRCULAR E

IMPROVE

BRANDING REGION AS HOTSPO (AMENITIES, IDENTITY

Image 18. Instructions on the hangbag PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I.

Image 19. Restaurant puts fridge outside to give homeless leftovers

Image source: http://toogoodtogo.co.uk/

PROVIDE AMENITIES FO B

Image source: http://gizmodo.com/a-paper-shopping-bag-that-transforms-into-a-hangerback-1472792848 Image source: http://www.constructionweekonline.com/pictures/recycling-bins_1.gif

THE WASTE TR

NEIGHBOURHOOD UPCYCLING POINTS FOR

PLACEMAKING PROJECTS

PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.?

DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY

IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY

Tactic 11

.

The Waste Transformers installation CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

USE VACANT BUILDINGS CREATING LANDMARKS BRANDING THE WASTE TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS)

LEFT-OVER FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD PICK-UP POINTS PHYSICALLY EXPOSED MATERIAL FLOWS WITHIN THE PUBLIC SPACE

USE VACANT LAND/SPACE WORKSHOP SPACES

Tactic Library

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR C.W

.

Provide affordable working spaces for creative workforce ART PROJECTS NEIGHBOURHOD CENTER

EVENTS, FESTIVALSMARKETPLACE AND EXPO’S MATERIALS DIGITAL PLATFORM

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I.

Image 21. The Creative Factory, Rotterdam

Image 24. Organic waste is put in the blue bin

Image 22. Affordable working spaces in The Creative Factory

Statement

Statement

An innovative solution to locally transform waste into value.

This installation, from the company called The Waste Transformers, is founded in 2012 by Lara van Druten. Organic waste is processed, electricity is produced and water is recovered, while even residual heat is used for the heating of water for the participating parties.

Lack of affordable small-scale business spaces is one of the main reason that hamper the growth of creative industry in Amsterdam. Therefore, to attract creative industries to settle in a certain place, it is critical to provide affordable spaces for them to work. Apart from affordability, flexibility is also important in choosing working space with their unique characteristic of being able to work in a flexible condition.

Reference

Reference Examples of affordable working spaces are The Creative Factory in Rotterdam-Zuid. The building was a former silo and located strategically near the metro station. As of 2013, the building is accommodating 70 creative workforces. The strategy is to accommodate working space in a large open space so that the worker can rent a single space of more, therefore making it possible to have a relatively low rent

Source

Source

Peters, J., (2016) , Hoe een duurzame afvalverwerker een oer-Hollands exportproduct wordt

Caspers, M. (2013). Chances for creative talent in Parkstad Rotterdam: Urban regeneration in Rotterdam-Zuid based on the development of a vital local creative economic cluster.

Image source: http://jeanpierrejans.nl/the-waste-transformers/ Image source: https://www.mt.nl/dossiers/made-in-nl/hoe-the-waste-transformers-oer-hollands-exportproduct-wordt/527111

PLAC

Tactic 12

Image 23. TWT installation at the Westergasterrain

The Waste Transformers have placed a couple installations throughout the world so far. One of them is actually up and running in Amsterdam. The facilities at the Westergas terrain in Amsterdam West are collecting their organic waste to get energy back from it, while the recovered water is brought back to the Westerpark.

79

Image source: https://stedenintransitie.nl/plek/creative-factory Image source: http://www.placemarketing.nl/wp-content/uploads/2008/03/100_0044.jpg

CLUSTERIN

80

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles COWORKING SPACES

KNOWLEDGE SHARING PLATFORMS PLATFORMS COWORKING SPACES

CTORY

RKS

LOCAL MARKETS

DIGITAL PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING LOCAL MARKETS SPATIAL MANIFESTATIONS OF DIGITAL PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING DIGITAL AWARENESS ACTIONS

Tactic 13

Tactic 14

.

Provide affordable housing for creative workforce DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY LEFT-OVER FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD LEFT-OVER FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD USE VACANT LAND/SPACE PICK-UP POINTS PICK-UP POINTS

CREATING LANDMARKS ART PROJECTS

ART PROJECTS EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S

.

Provide amenities for creative workforce/industries

USE VACANT LAND/SPACE PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR PLACEMAKING PROJECTS C.W C.W

EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I.

B BRANDING REGIONS SUCCES SPATIAL MANIFESTATIONS OF ADJUSTING PUBLIC PART OF THE SYSTEM TO CIRCULARITY REGIONS SUCCESFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF ADJUSTING PUBLIC PART OF THE SYSTEM TO CIRCULARITY CIRCULAR E DIGITAL AWARENESS ACTIONS CIRCULAR ECONOMY (TOURISTS)

PLACEMAKING PROJECTS PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.?

CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES BRANDING PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I. (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS)

PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.?

IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY

BRANDING THE WASTE TR THEFOR WASTE REGION AS HOTSPOT C.I. TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS)

Image 25. Strijp-S, Eindhoven

Image 26. Westerpark near the Westergasfabriek, Amsterdam

Image 27. Interior of a loft apartment in Strijp-S, Eindhoven

Image 28. Example of meeting space in Lloyd Hotel, Amsterdam

Statement

Statement

Creative workforces prefer to settle in neighbourhoods with availability of affordable housing. Uniquely to the creative workforce, the living and working environments are usually intertwined, hence combined space for both living and working with intention to make it more affordable is a good proposition for them. This is especially the case with the creative start-ups and freelancers that have high flexibility in their activities.

Easily accessible amenities are one of the key elements of the creative city. Amenities here can constitute as cultural festivals; outdoor sporting facilities; parks; education facilities; and diversity of cafes and restaurant. These kinds of amenities cater the daily need of the creative workforce and their households. Apart from that, the other type of amenities required are facilities that linked to their business activities e.g., meeting room, print shops, and accountancy.

Reference

Reference

Strijp-S in Eindhoven is one of the examples of affordable housing catered for the creative workforce. As former office, the working spaces are transformed into both affordable living and working space. With the unique quality of an office complex, this building attracts many creative workforce and creative events.

Westerpark in Amsterdam is one of the finest example of a park as amenity that constitute closely to the creative hub Westergasfabriek. Example of facility constitute to business activities of the creative workforce is Lloyd Hotel in the Eastern Docklands Amsterdam. This facility provides meeting and exhibition spaces for the creative workforce.

Source

Romein, A. & Trip, J.J. (2010). The creative production and consumption milieu. Delft: OTB Research Institute for the Built Environment

Caspers, M. (2013). Chances for creative talent in Parkstad Rotterdam: Urban regeneration in Rotterdam-Zuid based on the development of a vital local creative economic cluster.

Romein, A. & Trip, J.J. (2010). The creative production and consumption milieu. Delft: OTB Research Institute for the Built Environment

Image source: https://www.metatronics.nl/wp-content/uploads/Gebouw-Gerard-3.jpg

Image source: http://www.iamsterdam.com/en/visiting/areas/amsterdam-neighbourhoods/ westerpark/westerpark

Image source: http://www.bygg.nl/loft-at-strijp-s/

Image source: http://www.lloydhotel.com/meeting-spaces-1/meeting-spaces.htm

Source

IMPROVE

USE VACANT LAND/SPACE

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR C.W

PLACEMAKING PROJECTS

PHYSICALLY EXPOSED MATERIAL FLOWS WITHIN THE PUBLIC SPACE

81

Tactic 16

.

Clustering creative industries PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I.

IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY

Tactic Library

Tactic 15

ENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S

PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.?

CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

.

Funding research and knowledge institutions to promote innovation on circular economy

BRANDING REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS)

THE WASTE TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION

NEIGHBOURHOD CENTER FUNDING RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE

NEIGHBOURHOOD UPCYCLING POINTS

USE VACANT BUILDINGS

Image 29. Google office in Silicon Valley, California

Image 30. LDE-Centre for Sustainability website

Image 31. Westergasfabriek Creative Hub, Amsterdam

Image 32. The Green Village, one of the initiative from by LDE

Statement

Statement

Creative industries should be clustered together to maximize the potential of vertical and horizontal (competition and complementary) dimension of the cluster and to achieve the economy of scale. By clustering the creative industries, circular economy concepts can be implemented through knowledge exchange within each firm and intra firm, as the new trend that will be followed by other sectors/firms and will be perceived by the consumer/people.

There are studies about the importance of the role of knowledge institution in the creative industry. Apart from that, there are plausible interrelations among primary task of knowledge institutions with the three ‘pillars’ of creative economy, namely technology, talent, and tolerance. We think of these interactions as opportunity to foster the innovation of the knowledge in implementing the circular economy concept through creative industry.

Reference

Reference

Example of the physical clustering of the creative industries is Silicon Valley, California, USA. The ‘buzz’ of innovation and creativity are perceived by the surrounding regions or even become the identity of the nation. With similar goal, our aim is to create this ‘buzz’ for the AMA to be the Silicon Valley of circular-creative economy. Another example that is located in the AMA region is the Westergasfabriek.

Example of this interrelation is LDE-Centre for Sustainability as collaboration of several universities in the Netherlands namely TU Delft, Leiden University, and Erasmus University with private organisation, and other initiatives. This collaborations are operating and funded under the flag of the European Institute for Technology.

Source

Romein, A. & Trip, J.J. (2010). The creative production and consumption milieu. Delft: OTB Research Institute for the Built Environment http://www.leiden-delft-erasmus-nieuwsbrief.nl/from-the-leidendelft-erasmus-centres-ii-2/

Bathelt, H., Malmberg, A., & Maskell, P. (2004). Clusters and knowledge: local buzz, global pipelines and the process of knowledge creation. Progress in human geography, 28(1), 31-56.

Image source: http://www.digitaltrends.com/web/diversity-is-still-a-problem-in-tech-google-admits/ Image source: http://www.westergasfabriek.nl/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Westergasfabriek-overview.jpg

Source

Image source: https://kumu.io/LDE-CfS/lde-centre-for-sustainability#lde-circular-economy-topic/biocatalysis Image source: https://www.thegreenvillage.org/projects/roadlab

DIGITAL

KNOWLEDGE SHARING PLATFOR

DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY

CREATING LANDMARKS

82

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Tactic 17

Tactic 18

.

Knowledge sharing platforms (digital) FUNDING RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE

NEIGHBOURHOOD UPCYCLING POINTS

.

Coworking spaces

KNOWLEDGE SHARING PLATFORMS

COWORKING SPACES

LOCAL MARKETS

FUNDING RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE

DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY

LEFT-OVER FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD PICK-UP POINTS

USE VACANT LAND/SPACE

NEIGHBOURHOOD UPCYCLING POINTS

USE VACANT BUILDINGS

CREATING LANDMARKS

ART PROJECTS

EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S

USE VACANT BUILDINGS

DIGITAL PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING

KNOWLEDGE SHARING PLATFORMS

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR C.W

DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I.

CREATING LANDMARKS

ADJUSTING PUBLIC PART OF THE SYSTEM TO

SPATIAL MANIFESTATIONS OF DIGITAL AWARENESS ACTIONS

COWORKING SPACES

LOCAL MARKETS

PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.

PLACEMAKING PROJECTS

LEFT-OVER FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD PICK-UP POINTS

BRANDING REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUST

CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

ART PROJECTS

EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S

Image 33. TransformCIty as knowledge platform initiative

Image 34. CO-working space in Barcelona

Image 35. Inform stage of the TransformCIty initiative

Image 36. Co-working space also provide amenities to the users

Statement

Statement

At nowadays social media and digital era, it is important to think about the knowledge sharing not only with physical clustering (see Tactic 15), but also in a digital way. The idea is to engage and reaching out the target audience to make the intended development as collaborative as possible.

Apart from to the target audience, collaboration with other industry locally, regionally and globally is also important, as one of the advantage of clustering is also to develop ‘global

Co-working space is a physical working space that emphasize the concept of sharing working environment. Sharing in this term means sharing facilities like meeting room, working table, kitchen, etc. People that works here are usually from different company. By providing co-working space as a flexible working environment, the issues of high rental cost and rigidity of a conventional office space can be tackled.

Reference

Reference

Example of digital knowledge sharing platform is TransformCity that was developed by Saskia Beer in Amsterdam.

This platform is intended to open-up the planning process by making an integral and actionable urban transformation platform - ‘an online dashboard with a strong local identity’.

TransformCity makes data interactive and actionable by combining open and user-generated data.

Example of co-working space in Netherlands is Het Paleis live-work environment in Groningen. Het Paleis is a former chemistry laboratory that has been transformed partially for co-working space. This facility includes fabrication laboratory, course room, and accommodation for temporary artist-in-residence like kitchen, reading room and café.

Source

Romein, A., Trip, J. J., & Zonneveld, W. A. M. (2012). Creative City Challenge: policy measures and applications.

Source

Bathelt, H., Malmberg, A., & Maskell, P. (2004). Clusters and knowledge: local buzz, global pipelines and the process of knowledge creation. Progress in human geography, 28(1), 31-56. http://www.transformcity.com/ Image source: http://barcelonanavigator.i5me33nlgv.maxcdn-edge.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/betahaus-Barcelona.jpg Image source: http://www.transformcity.com/

USE VACANT LAND/SPACE

Image source: http://lifeedited.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/hub-zurich-event-space. jpg

OF ONS

JECTS PACE

DUSTRIES

Tactic Library ADJUSTING PUBLIC PART OF THE SYSTEM TO CIRCULARITY DIGITAL PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING

BRANDING REGIONS SUCCESFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF SPATIAL MANIFESTATIONS OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY (TOURISTS) DIGITAL AWARENESS ACTIONS

BRANDING NATURE QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS CREATIVE DESIGN AND PRODUCTION CENTRE REGIONS SUCCESFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF ADJUSTING PUBLIC PART OF THE SYSTEM TO CIRCULARITY CIRCULAR ECONOMY (TOURISTS)

Tactic 19

BRANDING REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING (AMENITIES, CLUSTERS) SPACES TOIDENTITY, WORK FOR C.I.

IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY PLACEMAKING PROJECTS

THE WASTE TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

.

Workshops (& workshop space) PHYSICALLY EXPOSED MATERIAL PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.?

FLOWS WITHIN THE PUBLIC SPACE

NEIGHBOURHOD CENTER BRANDING REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS)

Image 39. Waste as public furniture Image 40. Electricity

Image 41. Water square Rotterdam

CREATIVE DESIGN AND PRODUCTION CENTRE

Tactic 20

.

Physically exposed material flows within the public space PROVIDE FOR C.W.? FOR PROVIDE AMENITIES AFFORDABLE HOUSING C.W

NATURE QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS

Image 42. OOZ project Emscher Park

WORKSHOP SPACES IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY

DIGITAL PLATFORM MARKETPLACE MATERIALS THE WASTE TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION

PHYSICALLY EXPOSED MATERIAL FLOWS WITHIN THE PUBLIC SPACE

NEIGHBOURHOD CENTER

WORKSHOP SPACES

DIGITAL PLATFORM MARKETPLACE MATERIALS

Image 37. Example of a workshop space

Image 38. Workshop recycling wasted materials - Madrid

Statement

Statement

Part of the reason that the use of materials in our daily life has become such an obvious natural matter, is that the largest part of the processes that materials undergo are hidden. We only see them when we consume: after that they ‘disappear’ and neglecting problems becomes more easy for us. Making material flows literally visible, exposed within the street scene or public space, would rise questionmarks, open discussions and rise awareness.

Raising awareness in an active way, by workshops. By workshops interest can be awoken, awareness can be rised, as well as the educational aspect plays a large role. A large variety of people can be reached by offering a range of different workshops having to do with sustainability for example: waste recycling, how to grow your own food, trash bin painting,

Reference Reference Examples of how this can be done, is at a larger scale The water square at the Benthemplein in Rotterdam. When there has been rainfall, it functions as temporary storage. The design of the square invites different uses when this is not the case.

Source Lee, C.; Moudon, A.V. (2008) Neighbourhood design and physical activity. Building research & Information, 36(5), 395-411 Image source: http://inhabitat.com/tetris-shaped-trash-filled-street-furniture-encourages-recycling-in-argentina/designo-patagonia-tetris-recyclable-public-furniture-10/ Image source: https://www.robertharding.com/ Image source: https://stimuleringsfonds.nl/nl/actueel/nieuws/180/waterplein_in_rotterdam

The project called “The Barley Field” or “El Campo de Cebada” located in Madrid and started in 2010.

Residents of the La Latina neighbourhood took over a site earmarked for the construction of a public facility, converting it into a meeting place for a wide-ranging series of events for which we now use the example of workshops. The one shown was about creating street furniture out of recycled materials giving rise to more “handmade temporary urban design” workshops.

Source CCCB, http://www.publicspace.org/en/works/g362-el-campo-decebada Image source: https://unittwelve.wordpress.com/2012/09/04/studio-space-available/ Image source: http://www.publicspace.org/en/works/g362-el-campo-de-cebada

83

TS

TRIES

84

ACCESSIBILITY Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing CircularIMPROVE Lifestyles

PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.?

PHYSICALLY EXPOSED MATERIAL FLOWS WITHIN THE PUBLIC SPACE

WORKSHOP SPACES

NEIGHBOURHOOD UPCYCLING POINTS

Tactic 21 21

Tactic 22

.

Multifunctional neighbourhood space/centre BRANDING REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS)

THE WASTE TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION

DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY

LEFT-OVER FOOD NEIHBOU PICK-UP POINTS

.

Create landmarks NEIGHBOURHOD CENTER

DIGITAL PLATFORM MARKETPLACE MATERIALS

USE VACANT BUILDINGS

CREATING LANDMARKS

Image 43. Interior impression of neighbourhood centre

Image 45. LAX light installations in Los Angeles, Sun Dial in China

Image 44. Community initiative in Malaysia

Image 46. Salvation Mountain

Statement

Statement

A space for social gathering, that functions as a central meeting place in the neighbourhood, being also location for small events or activities.

Could position a key role for hosting other tactics.

Landmarks that carry out a message can contribute to both the expresssion of the regional identity as the rise of attention towards sustainable practices.

Reference Reference An example of these activities: residents of Taman Sungai Besi Indah in Seri Kembangan (Malaysia) gathering on a public holiday for a gotong-royong with a twist — sorting and separating garbage they had collected.

The programme called Green Unity Walk was organised by the Zone 24 residents committee (JKP) under the Subang Jaya Municipal Council (MPSJ), in collaboration with Tzu Chi Foundation Malaysia.

Salvation Mountain in Niland, California is an ambitious folk art landmark composed of recycled materials and thousands of gallons of paint. The place has a hypnotic, psychedelic, apocalyptic vibe that is related with being ‘pure California’.

U.S. Sen. Barbara Boxer called it “a unique and visionary sculpture…a national treasure…profoundly strange and beautifully accessible, and worthy of the international acclaim it receives.”

Source

Source

Chan, J., (2014), All for a greener neighbourhood, http://www.thestar.com.my/news/community/2014/11/06/all-for-a-greener-neighbourhood-residents-work-together-in-cleanup-and-recycling-effort/

Compagno, N., (2016), Bizarre Bests: Southern California Venues and Attractions, http://www.smartmeetings.com/hotels-resorts/91393/ bizarre-bests-southern-california-venues-attractions-challenge-status-quo

Image source: https://www.metatronics.nl/wp-content/uploads/Gebouw-Gerard-3.jpg Image source: http://www.thestar.com.my/news/community/2014/11/06/all-for-a-greenerneighbourhood-residents-work-together-in-cleanup-and-recycling-effort/

Image source: http://blog.theecoexperts.co.uk/10-landmarks-you-didnt-know-used-solarpower Image source: http://ednixon.dreamwidth.org/38476.html Image source: http://www.smartmeetings.com/hotels-resorts/91393/bizarre-bests-southern-california-venues-attractions-challenge-status-quo

ART PROJECTS

Tactic Library FUNDING RESEARCH AND DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY KNOWLEDGE

Tactic 23

KNOWLEDGE SHARING PLATFORMS

COWORKING SPACES

LOCAL MARKETS

LEFT-OVER FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD PICK-UP POINTS

USE VACANT LAND/SPACE

SPATIAL MANIFESTATIONS OF DIGITAL AWARENESS ACTIONS

ADJUSTING PUBLIC PART OF THE

PROVIDE AFFO C.W

Tactic 24

.

.

Placemaking projects

Art projects

NEIGHBOURHOOD UPCYCLING POINTS

DIGITAL PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING

85

DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY

CREATING LANDMARKS

USE VACANT BUILDINGS

LEFT-OVER FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD PICK-UP POINTS

USE VACANT LAND/SPACE

ART PROJECTS

CREATING LANDMARKS

ART PROJECTS

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR C.W

PLACEMAKING PROJECTS

EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I.

CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

Image 49. Cloud Crash - Artist duo HeHe for Cape Farewell

Image 47. Urban Coffee Farm and Brew Bar by HASSELL Melbourne

Image 50. ‘What is missing?’ video art on Times Square

Image 48. De Luchtsingel Rotterdam

Statement

Statement

Art projects that arise the notion of the environmental challenge, human impact and how to make change.

Placemaking plays a large role for our objective because it is about specific places (spatial) and about ‘things to do’ in these places (activities/ use of space). In our strategy it means that the place and activities are used to educate, expose flows, raise awareness, and contribute to the identity and sense of belonging.

Cape Farewell is a collective of artists, designers, filmmakers, and other creatives to address societies’ biggest challenge: climate change. Their main goal; change the way people think about climate change. Mainly they use art projects (in all sorts) in urban settings to draw attention, to the effects of climate change, to engage and inspire.

Maya Lins’ ‘What is Missing’ shows use of permanent sound and media sculptures, travelling exhibits, a Times Square video billboard and website, displaying videos and stories, to create awareness of mass extinction and what we can do to reduce emissions.

These are examples of new forms of artistic activism that have opened up critical dialogue between curators, critics and the public focused on instigating environmental learning through art (Inwood, 2016).

PROVIDE AMENITIES

PROVIDE AFFO TO WORK FOR

EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S

For example: guiding tours, workshops (like recycling), trash bin painting, no plastic day, neighbourhood scoregame and opening festival, neighbourfood market, community farming/gardens, neighbourhood competitions, thrift markets, water cycling,

Reference An theoretical explanation of the relevance of placemaking is stated in chapter 2 of this report.

Source

Inwood, H., (2016) Leveraging Environmental Arts for Education and Sustainable Futures, Toronto, https://www.thenatureofcities. com/2016/06/16/environmental-arts/

Source

Image source: http://www.capefarewell.com/projects2/current/lovelock-2016-hehe.html

Image source: http://www.archdaily.com/339637/urban-coffee-farm-and-brew-bar-hassell

Image source: http://www.mayalin.com

Image source: http://dagvandearchitectuur-rotterdam.nl/de_luchtsingel.html

BRAND REGION AS HOTS (AMENITIES, IDENT

86

OD UPCYCLING POINTS

CANT BUILDINGS

DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing CircularLEFT-OVER Lifestyles PICK-UP POINTS

USE VACANT LAND/SPACE

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR C.W

Tactic 25

NEIGHBOURHOOD UPCYCLING POINTS

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING SPACES WORK FOR C.I. LOCALTO MARKETS

LEFT-OVER FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD PICK-UP POINTS

USE VACANT LAND/SPACE

CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES DIGITAL PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR C.W

BRANDING REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. SPATIAL MANIFESTATIONS OF (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS) DIGITAL AWARENESS ACTIONS

PLACEMAKING PROJECTS

THE WASTE TRANSF

ADJUSTING PUBLIC PART OF TH

PROVIDE AMENITI

Image 53. Spatial manifestations of digital campaigns

Image 51. Illustration USE VACANT BUILDINGS

IMPROVE ACC

.

Spatial manifestations of digital awareness actions

ART PROJECTS EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S KNOWLEDGE SHARING PLATFORMS COWORKING SPACES

DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY

PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.?

Tactic 26

.

Events, festivals and expositions

CREATING LANDMARKS FUNDING RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE

PLACEMAKING PROJECTS

CREATING LANDMARKS

ART PROJECTS

EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I.

CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

Image 52. Precedent

Image 54. Organic waste is put in the blue bin

Statement

Statement

Reaching a diverse public to make an impact through organizing small scale or larger events that carry out certain messages regarding circularity and sustainability.

Raising awareness through digital means can be enforced by creating identifiable, spatial manifestations.

Reference Reference Pakhuis de Zwijger is a creative innovation hub in Amsterdam; ‘independent platform for inspiration, creation and innovation’. They host several events, programmes and run initiatives and projects about relevant topics.

An example is the orange bins and airballoon figure of the ‘Plastic Heroes’. Repeating the orange color of the campaign all over contributes to establishing a certain identity related to their core message.

Source Image source: https://dezwijger.nl/agenda/

Image source: http://www.ddw.nl/evenement/498

Image source: https://www.uu.nl/en/events/sustasty-food-festival

Image source: http://eckraus.com/blog/a-convenient-truth-sustainable-brewing Image source: http://www.alblasserdamsnieuws.nl/wordpress/2012/09/08/wethouder-plaatste-eerste-plasticcontainer-hennie-van-weenen-de-rest/

BRAN REGION AS HO (AMENITIES, IDEN

87

Tactic 27

.

Digital promotion and advertising

KNOWLEDGE SHARING PLATFORMS

DISTRICT UPCYCLING FACTORY

COWORKING SPACES

LOCAL MARKETS

LEFT-OVER FOOD NEIHBOURHOOD PICK-UP POINTS

USE VACANT LAND/SPACE

Image 55. promoting a sustainable event

CREATING LANDMARKS

ART PROJECTS

EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPO’S

DIGITAL PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR C.W

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING SPACES TO WORK FOR C.I.

Image 56. National Dutch campaign ‘Plastic Heroes’

Statement Most people nowadays are in several ways active online; internet is everywhere, social media is very present (facebook for example, has 9.200.000 users in the Netherlands).

This means that by using digital techniques, the reach of the public drastically increases. Also, logically, the not spacebound aspect of it means that we can also reach far outside of the AMA.

Digital promotion and advertising as a campaign to promote sustainable behaviour, is for example done by the Dutch National Government by ‘Plastic Heroes’, that aims to get more people to separate their plastic waste.

Source http://www.marketingfacts.nl/statistieken/channel/social_media_ marketing

Image source: http://www.packonline.nl/nieuws/milieu-en-recycling/is-plastic-afval-scheiden-te-veel-gedoe Image source: hhttp://www.darebin.vic.gov.au/Discover-Darebin/Events/EventsListing/ EventDetail?id={65E739BB-F313-4A0B-8E70-706A190D1D25}

SPATIAL MANIFESTATIONS OF DIGITAL AWARENESS ACTIONS

PLACEMAKING PROJECTS

CLUSTERING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES

ADJUSTING PUBLIC PART OF THE SYSTEM TO CIRCULARITY

PROVIDE AMENITIES FOR C.W.?

BRANDING REGION AS HOTSPOT FOR C.I. (AMENITIES, IDENTITY, CLUSTERS)

BRANDING REGIONS SUCCESFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY (TOURISTS)

IMPROVE ACCESSIBILITY

THE WASTE TRANSFORMER INSTALLATION

NATURE QUALITY IMPROVEME

PHYSICALLY EXPOSED MATER FLOWS WITHIN THE PUBLIC S

NEIGHBOURHOD CEN

88

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

89

PROJECT INTERVENTIONS Typology Overview Project 1 - To Engage Project 2 - To Demonstrate Project 3 - To Link Cycles Project 4 - To Close Cycles Regional Spatial Impact Map Vision Map

90

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

The Urban Fringe

Rural Zones

Large Monofunctional Zone

Natural Landscapes

Commercial /Business Parks

Greenhouses

Recreational Zones

Large-scale Residential Suburb

Interventions

91

Typology Overview

Squares in the Peri-urban Type

The features of the eight different peri-urban typologies have been identified and illustrated with the chosen zones of interventions. The features are generic and are not site specific. They are relevant to other squares in the same region of the same peri-urban typology. km 4

What is the Square?

The square represents an zone of 4km x 4km area for analysis and intervention. Though, study and impact of the intervention is not limited to the boundary of the square.

0 0

The Final Focus Zones

km

4

92

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Mapping Criteria To study each target zone, the categories identified as relevant to the creative industry (Chapter 03) were used to study each typology

Amenities_ For the second key element – amenities, the characteristics mentioned in the study are quite straight forward mentioning specific important uses e.g., cultural festivals, outdoor sporting facilities, parks, education facilities, and cafes/restaurants. Location for each use are derived from the landuse map and manual mapping

Identity_ The characteristics mentioned in the study is ‘DNA of the city as a while or specific intra-city areas’. We interpreted this DNA into three main factors, namely landscape attractiveness, cycling culture, and old buildings. Landscape attractiveness are mapped from the study by Lankhorst (2011). ). In addition, landscape features are mapped from the landuse map e.g., water for recreational, forest, dry natural area, and wetlands uses. Cycling culture is mapped from the national, regional, and local cycling paths. Building age are mapped from the maps.amsterdam.nl website with criteria of the year between 1620-1950 that can be considered as old building.

Cluster_ The last key element – clusters, the characteristics mentioned in the study are affordable spaces and old industrial buildings. We then added the new characteristic of current location of creative clusters. Affordable spaces are derived from the property value (maps.amsterdam.nl) and old industrial buildings are derived from the vacancy map (maps.amsterdam.nl). Current creative clusters are derived from research by ABF. Catchment areas are then specified for each component with assumption of reachability by walking and cycling.

Interventions

93

Typology Overview The Legend

94

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Urban Fringe Westergasfabriek

Commercial Bijlmer (Business Park)

Amenities_

Identity_

Cluster_

Synthesis_

Interventions

Large Mono-Function Type Port of Amsterdam

Amenities_

Identity_

Cluster_

Synthesis_

Rural Landscape Purmerand

95

96

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Large Residential Suburbs Hilversum

Recreational Landscape Almere

Amenities_

Identity_

Cluster_

Synthesis_

Interventions

Greenhouses Greenport

Amenities_

Identity_

Cluster_

Synthesis_

Natural Landscape Twiske

97

Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Target

EXPOSE & ENGAGE

Context

HOUSEHOLDS

Square location: Amsterdam West

Neighbourhood with Food Center

Typology Urban Fringe

Westergasfabriek

image source http://www.looselab.nl/eten/restaurant-westergasterrein-amsterdam/

Most Prominent Material Flows

Objective The characteristics of this typology include a large presence of residential areas, in combination with larger commercial or industrial functions, and big infrastructural elements both connecting the area while causing barriers within.

Combined with the fact that the urban form still offers physical space for interventions, makes the typology suitable for engaging the public locally and affecting people’s lifestyles.

Considering the typology, and the local stakeholders, the cycles of food and waste were most relevant here.

The main objective for this typology is to use neighbourhood interventions and placemaking projects to expose material flows through creative installations in order to engage people in circular processes.

current waste (products) water heat energy waste (products) food food waste

flow outside square

people

flow inside square

food

WASTECOLLECT

WASTE

MEDIACOLLEGE

FOOD

VACANT

98

Significant Actors

Potential Features

ATTITUDE (Y)

Potentials are the local existing creative 8

6

7 11 10

1 westergasfabriek 2 foodcenter 3 farms 4 households 5 wastecollection point Seineweg 6 Paco packaging company 7 Prodock creative workspaces 8 creative bureau X 9 Albert Heijn 10 festival organisators 11 thriftshop Rataplan 12 mediacollege 13 municipality of Amsterdam

13

2

3 4

55 12

9

Stakeholders Cube PO

hub on the Westergas terrain, using specific port industries to develop creative circular processes, using the larger functions (like the Food Center and the waste collection point and the Thuishaven Festival terrain) to reach the public, using the neighbourhood with

(Z)

R WE

daily functions like supermarkets to affect

1

lifestyles, the potential of the infrastructure to increase the audience of spatial interventions, the potential of the The Waste Transformer installation (explained in the Tactic Library),

TE

RE

ST

the potential to include the gardens and farms (X)

into the local food cycle, and the potential to form collaborations with colleges nearby.

Potential Map PORT

FESTIVALS

thriftshop many vacant buildings

waste collectionpoint

DIVERSE INDUSTRIAL/EDUCATIONAL FUNCTIONS

farms and gardens

P.T. ACCESS

CREATIVEHUB

infrastructural boundary <> connecting element

RESIDENTIAL AREA

AEB

WESTERGASTERREIN

SUPERMARKETS

FARMS

GARDENS

HOUSEHOLDS

FOOD CENTRE receiving

distribution

NS STATION SLOTERDIJK

RATAPLAN

VACANT

HOTEL

PORT

AEB

PACO

daily functions: supermarkets, schools

LARGER FUNCTIONS

THUISHAVEN FESTIVALTERRAIN

IN

WASTECOLLECT

MEDIACOLLEGE

Interventions TYPOLOGY URBAN FRINGE LOCATION SQUARE: AMS WEST

99

100 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Map - furthermore, all other upcycled products (and products from the latter that could be only temporary used) will go the Rataplan thriftshop. In that way they will find a way to new users. This is also accompanied by a digital platform (which is built upon a now existing app of the municipality., iKringloop).

PACO PACKING

With the identified key points and flows, together with the potentials of the key stakeholders, is defined an alternative scenario through connecting the cycles that appeared most useful for our concept; waste (as in, non-organic waste, like bulky waste, products, furniture) and food.

Waste

SEINEWEG WASTE COLLECT

!

WESTERGASTERREIN

SUPERMARKETS

FARMS

HOUSEHOLDS

GARDENS

AEB

FOOD CENTRE

NS STATION SLOTERDIJK

RATAPLAN

HOTEL

TRANSFORM DWELLINGS

PORT

AEB

PACO

WASTECOLLECT

MEDIACOLLEGE

C. INDUSTRY X

New sections

The upcycled packaging material, as said, will be used at the Food Center and supermarkets, designed by the new creative cluster in a way that it sends a message towards the consumers.

In collaboration with the Albert Heijn (in first phase, later followed by other supermarkets) there will be established a left-over food shop, next to it. Also the Food Center and the companies on the Westergasterrain will have a left-over food pick-up point. Hereby food waste is reduced. Food that after all will be thrown away, will actually create value, by placing â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;The Waste Transformersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; installations. Organic waste is collected here and transformed into electricity (given back to the households and Food Center), and recovered water (leaded to the surface water). As well the residual heat is used to warm up water for the Food Center. Also a Local Food Project will be initiated by the board, to stimulate the gardens and the farms to produce for the new shops at the Food Center front, for local markets, the new Creative Corner (explained later), and possibly for supermarkets, the Westergasfabriek and the Festivals on Thuishaven as well.

C.I. DESIGN

FOOD Currently, the waste from all users is brought to the waste collection point where it mostly gets transported to AEB. In the new situation, a selected part of the waste goes to the Packaging company, that forms a new collaboration with another, interested creative party like a design or artistic bureau that would be manifested in one of the many vacant buildings around. Together they form a small upcycling team. Supplemented by materials from the port if needed. Students of the Media college nearby, are invited to promote the whole and raise awareness also by digital means. So selected waste gets upcycled here, and from there is defined several new purposes for these new products, throughout the square: - products for packaging will go mostly to the food center, a large distribution hub, to be used within that cycle again.

Additionally they will be distributed along local supermarkets or shops.

- objects will be used for placemaking, for example along the road that connects the keypoints, making an educational route out of it, as well as giving it a place in the creative hub at Westergasterrain, or within the festival and entertainment industry, starting with being exposed at the near Thuishaven festivalterrain.

proposal

AEB pickup

receiving

up!

distribution

waste (products)

food

THUISHAVEN FESTIVALTERRAIN

! !

FARM

!

W/GAS

GARDENS

FARM

MEDIACOLLEGE

RATAPLAN THRIFTSHOP

PORT

EXPOSE & ENGAGE

TWT !

!

HOUSEHOLDS

TWT

FOOD CENTRE

SUPERMARKETS

!

THUISHAVEN FESTIVALTERRAIN

WESTERGASTERREIN

Interventions 101

!

N

LEGEND TWT ! !

m 0

270

540

1080

the WasteTransformers installation digital visibility awareness through public space/placemaking physical visibility of material spots water heat energy materials waste (products) upcycling process upcycled waste (2nd life (’new’) products) 3rd life products food organic (food) waste leftover food pick-up/shop

Elaborating on the changes of flows and ‘engaging and exposing’ by zooming in on the specific highlighted area.

102 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

EXPOSE & ENGAGE

Design Proposal

Reaching the people

MA

- Spatial interventions around keypoints of the flows draw attention in order to raise awareness. As mentioned, along the Haarlemmerweg, at the Westergas, at the Wastecollection point, at the Festivals, and along the canal is used upcycled art projects (that has different forms and is used also in participative activities for the neighbourhood set up by the new Creative Corner).

CLUSTERING CREATIVE CREATIVE INDUSTRIES UPCYCLING POINT

- At the supermarkets, since a large public goes here daily, is where visibility of recycled material comes in by the recycled packaging, and the established leftover pick-up shops.

USE VACANT BUILDINGS

- The TWT installations, that draw attention in itself, but also through placemaking around it, with the exposed flows used in the public space, (where is the (recovered) water in the playsquare when no waste is brought?), pink elements creating recognizition, also for all mobile people passing on the road alongside that is connecting to the centre.

RECYCLE WORKSHOPS GUIDING TOURS

UPCYCLED ART PROJECTS

LOCALFOODPROJECT

PLACEMAKING:

- This is accompanied by the engaging competitive element of the ‘neighbourhood game’ between the two installations (neighbourhood and Albert Heijn against the large Food Center), with the interactive scoreboard making it inviting to bring your waste.

t

ec

oll

c ste

COWORKING SPACES

wa

food

food waste

district heating energy

LEGEND water

multifunctional creativecorner

heat

localfoodproject

New Section - zoomed in

food food (organic) waste people

AEB

PORT

receiving

creative route

distribution

leftover pickup

energy

PORT

palcemaking project

water AEB

WESTERPARK

WESTERGASTERREIN

ople

km

SUPERMARKETS

od (organic) waste

km

2.7

3.6

FARMS

od

ve ati er e crelustcycl c up

GARDENS

ergy

HOUSEHOLDS

ter

at

FOOD CENTRE

DE RIJPGRACHT PARK

- the more open Food Center front with its shops accompanied by local product of the Local Food Project, and the new Creative Corner in extension to that, that becomes a central multifunctional place for the residents (coworking space, meeting place, local restaurant-café, (sustainability) workshop

Interventions 103

DIGITAL PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING

LEFT-OVER FOOD SHOP

CREATIVE CORNER (MULTIF.NBH SPACE)

DIGITAL PLATFORM EVENTS, FESTIVALS AND EXPOâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S MARKETPLACE MATERIALS

PILOT #2

en av rain ish lter u th tiva fes p ho ifts n thr apla rat

LFP: LOCAL FOOD CAFE-REST

NBH CENTER

WORKING SPACE

ADJUSTING PUBLIC SYSTEM TO CIRCULARITY

WORKSHOP SPACE

LFP: LOCAL FOOD SHOPS

LOCAL (F) MARKETS

FESTIVAL/EVENTS

PLACEMAKING PROJECT*

T.W.T INSTALLATIONS

LEFT-OVER FOOD PICK-UP

(TRANSFORM BUILDINGS) F.C. SHOPS

EXPOSED FLOWS IN PUBLIC SPACE

LEFT-OVER FOOD POINT

* COMPETITION GAME (SCOREPOINT) GUIDING TOURS AROUND TWT SUSTAINABILITY WORKSHOPS GAME OPENING NBH FESTIVAL COMM. FARMING AT PARC NO PLASTIC DAYS TRASH BIN PAINTING WATER PLAY SQUARE WATERCYCLEBOATS

ah

dirk

ah

space, starting point of guiding tours along the installations and the route towards the Westergas).

- With the park functioning as extension of that central spot and its new activities, (initiated by the Creative corner) like the small festival when the Game is opened, or the monthly local food market in collaboration with the Food Center and Local Food Project (farms and gardens).

- From this new lively spot, carrying out the message of the value of waste and food, exposed flows and art objects continue along the canal, establishing a route towards the existing creative hub at Wester and vice versa, to attract crowds there also towards the new area.

104 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

EXPOSE & ENGAGE

LEGEND

Timeline

LEGEND

FTG

CI P BO

TRANSFORM VACANT B. AWARENESS ACTIVITIES AT SEINEWEG WASTEPOINT

MC

MU

food

food

F

G NBH

NBH most

relevant s most appropria

ATTRACT X POLICY LEFTOVERCI FOOD USE PRODOCK WORKING SPAC T.W.T INSTALLATIONS INVITE GARDENS IN LFP AWARENESS ACTIVITIES AT INVITE FARMS IN LFP SEINEWEG WASTEPOINT

NBH GAME OPENING FESTIVAL

INVOLVE MC

DIGITAL PROMOTION

TWT MU

digital action

CLOSING EXPOSING & ENGAGING

INVOLVE MC

R+E

0%

LEFTOVER FOOD POLICY CIx WG PA P CuC

DEVELOP COLLABORATION CREATIVE UPCYCLE POINT

T.W.T INSTALLATIONS MU REALISATION PARC /GAME T WG EXPOSE FLOWS IN STREET

START OBJECT CORRIDOR HL-WEG EXPOSING ON W.GASTERRAIN EXPOSING ON FESTIVALTERRAIN INVOLVE THRIFTSHOP

INVITE GARDENS IN LFPR INVITE FARMS IN LFP WP

WASTEPOINT PLACEMAKING ACTIV. AND CORRIDOR ENTRANCE

NBH GAME OPENING FESTIVAL

R+E

iK

iKRINGLOOP APP

FC

CONSTRUCTION FC FRONT+RIVER 0% OPENING FOODCENTER SHOPS OPENING CREATIVECORNER

DEVELOP COLLABORATION POINT

CIx WG PA P CuC NBH CC FC

PLCM. ACTIVITIES PARC CREATIVEATUPCYCLE

LOCAL MARKETS AT PARC

MU

START OBJECT CORRIDOR HL-WEG

ADJUST PUBLIC SYSTEM (BINS)

MU

T

WASTEPOINT PLACEMAKING ACTIV. CuC P ASC AND CORRIDOR ENTRANCE ADAMSMARTCITY EVENT @PRODOCK

WP

iK

ADVERTISING

DIGITAL PROMOTING

CuC FC MU

RIVER CONNECTION CORRIDOR TOWARDS WGAS CONSTRUCTION FC FRONT+RIVER OPENING FOODCENTER SHOPS MU ADJUST PUBLIC SYSTEM (FURNITURE, LIGHTS) IN NBH OPENING CREATIVECORNER

FC

LOCAL MARKETS AT PARC

MU

ADJUST PUBLIC SYSTEM (BINS)

2021 pilot application PHASE 1

FIND INTERESTED

FC TRANSFORMATION FINISHED

85%

PLCM. ACTIVITIES AT PARC

NBH CC

2019

INVITE OTHER C.I.’S

iKRINGLOOP APP MC

FC

Urb.Fringe typology other locations

DEFINE NEXT NBH TWT LOCATIONS

EXPOSING ON W.GASTERRAIN DEFINE NEXT NBH FOOD PICK-UPS EXPOSING ON FESTIVALTERRAIN INVOLVE THRIFTSHOP 19%

WG R

R+E

R+EYEARS 2017

strategic action

EXPOSE FLOWS IN STREET

G NBH

FC AH WG

policy spatial interven

REALISATION PARC /GAME TRANSFORM VACANT B.

BO

MC

relevantLEGEND stakeholder most appropriate incentive

INVOLVE PACO DIGITAL PROMOTION

FC CIAH WG

WPF

digital action NBH most

ATTRACT CI X USE PRODOCK WORKING SPAC

WP

PA

PTWT

policy spatial intervention strategic action

CLOSING EXPOSING & ENGAGING

PA

PREPARATION

creative upcycling

projects

URBAN FRINGE AMSTERDAM WEST DEMONSTRATING LINKING

TYPOLOGY URBAN FRINGE PREPARATION FTG SQUARE AMSTERDAM WEST EMPHASIS DEMONSTRATING LINKING INVOLVE PACO

creative upcycling

projects

TYPOLOGY SQUARE EMPHASIS

PHASE 2

PILOT #2

2024

PILOT #3 DEFINE NEXT NBH TWT LOCATIONS DEFINE NEXT NBH FOOD PICK-UPS

2030

19%

CuC P ASC

square application ADAMSMARTCITY EVENT @PRODOCK PHASE 2 INVITE OTHER C.I.’S

MC

regional PH

ADVE

DIGITAL PROMOTING

CuC FC MU

RIVER CONNECTION CORRIDOR TOWARDS WGAS

MU

FC TR

ADJUST PUBLIC SYSTEM (FURNITURE, LIGHTS) IN NBH

85%

YEARS 2017

PHAS

PILOT #2

Urb.Fringe typology other locations

PILOT #3

2019

2021 pilot application PHASE 1

2024

2030 square application PHASE 2

Food Center

WG

Westergasterrain

MU

Municipality Amsterdam

WP

Wastecollection Point Seineweg

PA

Paco packaging company

NBH

neighbourhood

BO

building owner

Interventions 105

local gardens

F

local farms

Food Center

T

Thuishaven festivalterrain

P

Prodock workingspace

R

Rataplan thriftshop

FC CIx

Creative Industry X

MC

MC = Media College

MU

Municipality Amsterdam

WP

Wastecollection Point Seineweg Paco packaging company neighbourhood

ASC CuC CC

Amsterdam SmartCity new creative upc. cluster new creative corner

multifunctional neighbourhood center, local food restaurant/cafe, meeting place, working space

LFP = local food project HL-WEG = Haarlemmerweg between Westergas and Wastepoint

icy BO building owner atial intervention G

MC = Media College

The Waste Transformers

Albert Heijn

TWT

PA

Creative Industry X

MC

G

AH

NBH

CIx

local gardens

ategic action F local farms ital action T Thuishaven festivalterrain

st relevantPstakeholder Prodock workingspace st appropriate incentive R Rataplan thriftshop ASC CuC CC

The construction of the timeline (for the whole square) follows the 3 corresponding phases.

Amsterdam SmartCity new creative upc. cluster new creative corner

multifunctional neighbourhood center, local food restaurant/cafe, meeting place, working space

For the first phase; From 2019 till 2021: TWT installations will be placed, food left-over shops or pick-ups established by a policy, neighbourhood game and according opening event would be organised together with the local residents, the preparation for the collaborative creative upcycling takes place, as well as preparations with the local farms and gardens for the Local Food Project.

From 2021 until 2024: placemaking projects are taking form (at the Rijpgracht Park, and the Seineweg wastepoint), the Local Food Project will be running, the transformation of the Food Center front and Creative Corner takes place. The art route along Haarlemmerweg is taking form. As well the adjustment of bins to waste separation bins takes place.

LFP = local food project HL-WEG = Haarlemmerweg between Westergas and Wastepoint

For the second phase, Between 2025 and 2030, most plans of the Food Center will be excecuted (to be completed in 2034).

Along the canal the connecting route (between the new park and the Westergasterrain) with exposed flows will be established during participative activities with locals. The creative upcycling cluster is up and running, and steps (Amsterdam SmartCity event, digital promotion) are undertaken to look forward for new creative industries to develop the cluster further.

As well the municipality is invited to look in a creative way at the existing street lighting and furniture to adjust them to more sustainable standards.

The Review + Engage (for the Fix The Gap Board) moment happens after each phase, to reflect on

CREATIVE CLUSTER ADVERTISING

FIND INTERESTED

CREATIVE HOUSING TRANSFORMATION

FC TRANSFORMATION FINISHED

The measuring indicator for this square would be the percentage of households in the neighbourhood that bring their organic waste to the installation, because this would give an indication of the amount of people to which the awareness of their behaviour has rised to an extend that they undertake actions according to a more sustainable lifestyle.

H

85% PHASE 2 PHASE 3

2030

2040 regional application PHASE 3

106 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

EXPOSE & ENGAGE

In short, adjustments within the flows of food an waste are introduced, to make them more circular; by establishing new relations between the key stakeholders, using their potentials; and by placing the existing innovative Waste Transformer within neighbourhoods.

Secondly, specific spots are created, in collaboration with (local and new) creative industries, where these flows become visible: these are the placemaking points, where the awareness rises.

Interventions 107

108 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Context Demonstrating

Creative Workforce

Square location: Bijlmer, Amsterdam Zuidoost Basic structure of business park typology is: distinction between neighbourhood and business area, the crowd attractor e.g., stadium, concert hall, art centre, etc. and good accessibility (located along highway and main railway). Based on the suitability analysis, this typology shows a characteristic of ‘closed’ area e.g., not easily accessible to amenities within walking distance (since most of the users used car). This analysis is backed up with the fact that many office buildings in the area are vacant, especially in the ‘closed’ area. This vacancy is defined as the main problem of this business park typology (also baseline figure for indicator).

Typology Business Park

Objective The main objective of this typology is demonstrating the inherent circular lifestyles of the creative industry by providing them affordable live/work spaces and associated amenities with access to renewable energy resources.

Interventions 109

Significant Actors

Potential Features

Main stakeholders in this square are ArenA and building owners of the vacant offices. The main added stakeholder is the creative workforce. Other stakeholders include NS, GVB, data centres, and Amsterdam Smart City Urban Living Lab. Based on the stakeholders and their roles, we identify the opportunities for this typology and identify two potential areas to intervene, namely ArenA plaza and buildings inside the business park. Based on the identified stakeholder roles, we address them with specific interest and spatial tactics that we have developed.

Most Prominent Material Flows ENERGY

DISTRICT HEATING

DISTRICT COOLING

110 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Demonstrating

Interventions 111

For the main stakeholders (arena, building owners, and CI workforce) the suitable interest tactics are: For ArenA, attention and promotion, as they already have agenda to become the most innovative stadium in the Netherlands with emphasize on sustainability agenda. We can give them the testing ground for them (as in installations in the arena park and in the revamped vacant buildings).

For building owner, we can give them the creative solutions and placemaking strategy in dealing with their vacancy issues. With the creative placemaking, the vacancy issues could be addressed with still giving benefit for the owners in the long-term basis.

For creative workforce, with the main intention of attracting them to actually live and work here, the suitable interest tactic is to provide the space to live, work, and play.

For other stakeholders, we offer specific interest tactics namely: community building (for NS and GVB), global pipelines (for related businesses), innovation (for data centres in using their residual heat and for Amsterdam smart city to collaborate on similar goals).

Align with the main role of CI to demonstrate circular lifestyle, relevant material flows in the area are identified, namely: energy, district heating and district heating.

112 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Demonstrating

Interventions 113

114 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Demonstrating

before

after

Interventions 115

In this view, three main things that we provide to attract creative workforce are: retrofitting vacant buildings, make community gardens and activities for both creative workforce and for public use. We also provide renewable energy components to become landmarks for this area.

116 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

LINK

Design +

Production

MonoFunctional TYPOLOGY

SQUARE

TYPOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS

Interventions 117

Square - Potentials Overview

POTENTIALS SQUARE This square, that is located within the Port of Amsterdam and it has some potentials that make it interesting for the FGB, namely the large material flows

PROMINENT MATERIAL FLOWS

in the port and the presence of a green landscape on the many vacant spaces in the port. Also, various recycling companies can be found in and around the square.

However the port does miss a few qualities that are important if we want to intervene using the creative industry here. Firstly, there are few amenities in the port like restaurants, cafeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and public spaces. Secondly, large areas of the port are poorly accessible by public transportation.

SECTION CURRENT SITUATION

118 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

LINK

Design +

Production

Therefore we propose an intervention that combines the industrial functions that now governs the port, with other functions to start making the port a place that is used more dynamically in the future .

In this intervention design and production is combined. Structures and materials in the port are reused to make space for the creative class to design and produce their own products using some of the wasted materials collected by the various waste treatment facilities in the port. The main feature of this intervention is an old container ship that is turned into a waste material collection point where designers can come pick up waste materials or raw materials generated by the waste treatment facilities.. They can then use this waste to make their own recycled and upcycled products. This will be combined with a mobile phone app that functions as a platform that connects waste collection companies, waste treatment facilities and the designers. A digital marketplace.

Amenities such as restaurantâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, cafeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s, food trucks and public spaces that are integrated with the green landscape of the port will also be added. These are not only for the creatives but also for the other workers of the port. There will also be expositions, small theaters and events to attract the general public to show them circularity and also show them that the port can be a nice place for them to visit.

MATERIAL FLOWS

Interventions 119

INTERVENTION

TACTICS USED

SECTION

120 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

LINK

Design +

Production

Currently the port has a vast network of railways that is used for the transportation of products. To make the port more accessible for the public we suggest that intensification of the use of this railway system by adding public transportation to the railway system. This will not only make the port more accessible for the general public but also for its own workers.

The main stakeholder in this intervention is the Port of Amsterdam who is currently leasing the land from the municipality. The port of Amsterdam is a suitable partner for this intervention because it has ambitions of making the port more circular, diversifying itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s industries by for example intensifying the production sector and it also wants to make the port more open for the public (PORT VISION, â&#x20AC;Ś.)

In the first stage a group of willing small creative companies in partnership with AEB and innovation centers will start a pilot project where they will test out this concept on the small scale. In the second stage more established mid sized creative companies will be approached, to continue the concept on a larger scale. Here is where the Material Pick up Point will then be implemented. This will be combined with amenities for the port workers and the general public. as well a as tram line from Amsterdam sloterdijk to the intervention zone.

Main Stakeholders

Interventions 121

Time Line

Stakeholder Incentives

122 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

WASTE PICK-UP POINT

VIEW FROM HARBOUR

Interventions 123

LINK

Design +

Production

In a third stage the concept of combining Design+Production can be replicated in other areas of the port by re-using other structures in the port for space like containers, warehouses, oil storage tanks and factories.

It can also be replicated in other Monofuntional zones like

Schiphol airport.

OPPORTUNITIES FOR REPLICATION INTERVENTION

124 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

TO CLOSE

Tourist

Greenport Aalsmeer is the largest world trade and knowledge center for the horticultural sector with flower auction FloraHolland and has great economic influence on the regional, national and even international level.

The main problem in Greenport Aalsmeer is a surplus of obsolete glass area. Without transformation of the obsolete area, more land is in the threat to be taken in the future, this also gives a lot of farmers too little investment potential. In some areas the transformation from horticulture to other functions has already started, but the financial need is also huge.

ELECTRICITY

VACANT GREENHOUSE

GREENPORT AALSMEER

ROYAL FLORAHOLLAD

TECHNICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTES

GEMEENTE AALSMEER

WATER

SADC BUSINESS PARK

FOOD

NUON

Interventions 125

ATTITUDE (Y)

TYPOLOGY GREENHOUSES LOCATION: GREENPORT

9

5 8 7

3 Creative Workforce

10-15

) R (Z

E OW

P

Flora Holland

4 21-24

2

1

Restaurant

Tourism

6

16-20 Households

Greenhouse

Farms

IN

TE

RE

ST

(X) Local Flower Business

EXTERNAL FOOD INDUSTRY WATER PLANT

attitude (y) 1 1 2 1.5 2.5 1 2 2.5 2.5

power (z) 3 2.5 2.5 2 1.5 2.5 1.5 1 1

The stakeholder opportunity of Greenport Aalsmeer lies in the synergy of strong establishment base and room for niches. And for a densely populated region like AMA, the spatial opportunity largely relies on the sustainable production by closing the loops, deploying renewable energy and minimize emissions.

The core solution of Greenport Aalsmeer is the sustainable transformation of greenhouse, focusing on the cycle of water,

2

1.5

1.5

2.5

1

1

2.5

1

2

energy and residue waste. Investing in sustainability is an ELECTRICITY opportunity for companies to differentiate and efficiently FOOD produce and maintain the competitiveness of Aalsmeer itself.

WATER According to the Ruimtelijk Visie, from 2015 to 2025, Greenport Aalsmeer will achieve 75% reuse of water, 30% energy saving and 75% reuse of the residue waste. And in our strategy, the complete transformation of obsolete greenhouses will be

ROBOBANK SCHIPHOL

STRATEGY RESEARCH INSTITUTES

achieved in year 2040.

HOUSEHOLDS

VACANT GREENHOUSE

m business

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

interest (x) 3 2.5 2.5 2.5 1.5 3 1.5 2 1.5

FARM

al Research stutes

11 12 13

PRIVATE FLOWER INDUSTRY

gy research titutes

stakeholder Greenport Aalsmeer Gemeente Aalsmeer Robobank Schiphol region Royal FloraHolland private flower industry SADC business park private green house farms households LTO North Glaskracht Association of Wholesale Trade in Horticultural Products (VGB) Amsterdam Logistics Board Amsterdam Airport Area Project Agency Restructuring of Business Parks WB de Ruimte Wageningen University Agrimaco Terra Incognita Wellantcollege Naktuinbouw VVV Aalsmeer Bike rent Boat rent Tourism bus

TOURISM BUSINESS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

126 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

TO CLOSE

ROYAL FLORAHOLLAD

TECHNICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTES

GEMEENTE AALSMEER

ACCESSIBILITY IMPROVEMENT

PLACEMAKING PROJECT

NATURE QUALITY IMPROVEMENT

DIGITAL PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING

NEIGHBORHOOD UPCYCLING POINT

ACCESSIBILITY IMPROVEMENT

VACANT

KNOWLEDGE-SHARING PLATFORM

GREENPORT AALSMEER

PLACEMAKING PROJECT

SADC BUSINESS PARK

PROVIDING AMENITIES FOR CI

Water-saving greenhouse Organic product greenhouse Electricity-producing greenhouse

NUON 4

Marina/Dock Bike rental/service point Marina/Dock

5

Hiking way Cycling way

3

Cruise route Tourist bus route 1

Flora Holland

2

Creative organic food greenhouse

3

Creative flora greenhouse

4

Creative livestock greenhouse

5

Creative floating hub

ELECTRICITY

NUON EXTERNAL FOOD INDUSTRY WATER PLANT

CREATIVETRANSFORMED VACANT

CREATIVE HUB

GREENPORT AALSMEER

CREATIVE FLORA HUB

ROYAL FLORAHOLLAD

TECHNICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTES

GEMEENTE AALSMEER

WATER

SADC BUSINESS PARK

FOOD

Interventions 127

DIGITAL PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING

RESEARCH AND KNOWLEDGE FUND

KNOWLEDGE-SHARING PLATFORM

WAREHOUSE RENOVATION

TOURISM BRANDING

PROVIDE AFFORDABLE WORKING SPACES FOR CI

ELECTRICITY

PLACEMAKING PROJECT

ACCESSIBILITY IMPROVEMENT

KNOWLEDGE-SHARING PLATFORM

CO-WORKING HUB

LOCAL FLOWER MARKET

ACCESSIBILITY IMPROVEMENT

FARM PROVIDING AMENITIES FOR CI

FLORA FESTIVAL /EVENTS

ROBOBANK SCHIPHOL

USE VACANT LAND/SPACE

STRATEGY RESEARCH INSTITUTES

DIGITAL PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING

KNOWLEDGE-SHARING PLATFORM

TOURISM BUSINESS

1

PRIVATE FLOWER INDUSTRY

VACANT GREENHOUSE

DIGITAL PROMOTION AND ADVERTISING

FLORA FESTIVAL /EVENTS

HOUSEHOLDS

PLACEMAKING PROJECT

FOOD WATER

PHYSICALLY EXPOSED MATERIAL FLOWS

CO-WORKING HUB

2

EXTERNAL FOOD INDUSTRY WATER PLANT PLACEMAKING PROJECT

ROBOBANK SCHIPHOL

STRATEGY RESEARCH INSTITUTES

HOUSEHOLDS

FARM

CREATIVE HUB

FLOATING CREATIVE HUB

TOURISM BUSINESS

ORGANIC RESTAURANT

PRIVATE FLOWER INDUSTRY

CREATIVETRANSFORMED VACANT GREENHOUSE

3

WATER PLANT

128 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

TO CLOSE

TYPOLOGY SQUARE EMPHASIS FTG

GREENHOUSE GREENPORT AALSMEER DEMONSTRATING LINKING

CLOSING EXPOSING & ENGAGING

PREPARATION TOURISM DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES

Pilot #1

GREENHOUSE RENOVATION GUIDELINES GA

PROMOTION GREENER GREENPORT

GA

PROMOTION CREATIVE GREENPORT

GA

RECRUIETING TROURISM GA

TOURISM AMENITIES

CI

FLORA CREATIVE HUB RENOVATION

Review + Engage

10%

Pilot #2

GREENHOUSE RENOVATION GUIDELINES TOURISM DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES GA

PILOT GREENHOUSE RENOVATION

TC

INDIVIDUAL AMENITIES

TC

MARKETING INDIVIDUAL TOURISM

CI

TECHNICAL SUPPORT

Review + Engage

40%

Phase 2 Neighborhood Application

GREENHOUSE RE GA

FINANCIAL SUPPO

PR

PRIVATE GREENH

INDIVIDUAL T

TC CI

TECHNICAL SUPP

CI

CO-WORKING FL

CI

MORE LOCA

Review + Engage Phase 3 Regional Application

Greenhouse Typology Other Locations

YEARS 2017

PILOT #1

2018

2020

2024

Interventions 129

LEGEND

policy

?%

spatial intervention strategic action digital action

ING

INDICATOR: PERCENTAGE OF TRANSFORMED GREENHOUSE

GA GREENPORT AALSMEER PS PRIVATE SECTOR TC TOURISM COMPANY CI

CREATIVE INDUSTRY

HOUSE RENOVATION GUIDELINES

CIAL SUPPORT

E GREENHOUSE/AMENITY RENOVATION

DIVIDUAL TOURISM PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT

ICAL SUPPORT

ORKING FLORA CREATIVE HUB

ORE LOCAL CO-WORKING HUB

#1

80% MUNCIPAL INCENTIVES, CONNECTIONS, SUPPORT GA

STRATEGIC/FINANCIAL SUPPORT

GA

INFRASTRACTURE/AMENITY CONSTRUCTION

CI

TECHNICAL SUPPORT PARTICIPATION IN TOURISM PLANNING

TC PR

PRIVATE GREENHOUSE/AMENITY RENOVATION

PILOT #2 PHASE 2 PHASE 3

2030

2040

130 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

TO CLOSE

Interventions 131

132 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Commercial Type

Large Scale Monofunction Type

Interventions 133

Greenhouse Type

Existing Spatial Structure

Urban Fringe

134 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Existing Infrastructure

Existing Spatial Policies

Interventions 135

Phase 1

Existing Spatial Structure

Phase 2

136 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Future Spatial Impact

Interventions 137

Based on the policies and guidelines proposed by the Fix-the-Board, along with the expected impact of each of the interventions in each square and their subsequent replication, we created an estimated map of the foreseeable impact on the spatial structure of the region possibly by the year 2050.

138 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Future Spatial Impact

Compact City

Recreational Energy Landscape

As consequence of the means we introduce to preserve

Since the recreational typology within the peri-urban

the landscape, the urban sprawl will be retained. As a

areas will be facilitating the functions of recreation as

result of that, density enhancing actions will be needed

well as energy production, there will be new landscapes

to be taken to still fulfil demands, resulting in a compact

that creatively features either one or combinations of

city. This will also reduce the strain on the transport

both.

infrastructure in the region.

Inverse Sprawl

Creative Hubs

Because of more people adopting certain sustainable

By intervening in the peri-urban areas of the region,

behaviour, and having stronger relationships towards

we hope that the local placemaking projects will have

protecting the natural systems or contributing to them,

spill-over effects on the nearby surroundings and

this will help natural features within urban spaces

subsequently larger surroundings while setting new

to increase. Also by the municipalities, for which

trends of development. At the same time, appliance of

sustainability has become core value, protecting or

the tactics of the pilot projects in other locations, will

enhancing green structures within the urban areas,

even enhance and multiply these processes. In extension

through larger or small scaled interventions would result

to that this will contribute to the regional identity of

in an inverse sprawl.

creative sustainability and will invite other developments and creative establishments to evolve.

Chapter Title 139

Diversify monofunctional zones

Dynamic Urban Fringe

Monofunctional zones like the port of Amsterdam and

For the typology of the urban fringe, between the

Schiphol will become even more dynamic by not only

city centres and its outskirts, the change we will make

housing industries but also opening itself up to provide

concerns making boundaries blurred through local

space and accommodate the people of the AMA. Here,

interventions that change the use of its places. If the

the peoples daily lives and the large material flows exist

small effects will be duplicated, it means that the

side by side and old large structures in these zone are

relation between the parts within the city will shift. Going

reused to provide space for work, recreation and even

from a focus on the inner city, towards a new developed

living. Large infrastructures that were once only used

purpose and use of the urban fringe. That shift will have

to move products will also move people from one

the impact on the longer term that the fringe becomes

destination to the other.

more dynamic: functioning not only as transition zone, but also as a destination in itself.

Greenhouse

Redistribution of city centre identity

The demand for new ideas on the very present

The identity of the AMA will no longer be determined

greenhouse typology is high. By local interventions in

by the city centre of Amsterdam but will have a more

order to change the flows and make them more circular,

diverse identity that is also influenced by new centralities

as well as finding new functions for the spaces, new ideas

in the peri-urban zone. By closing, linking and exposing

are introduced that could be adopted by several other

material flows, having people living sustainable circular

stakeholders and invite more creative developments.

lifestyles in combination with placemaking in these

At the same time, appliance of the tactics of the pilot

areas, the diverse peri-urban of AMA will have a shared

project in other locations, will even enhance and multiply

identity of being circular. By including the centralities in

the processes of transition for this typology. In extension

the peri-urban in the daily lives of people, the people of

to that this will contribute to the regional identity of

the AMA will have a more dynamic use of space in the

creative sustainability.

AMA, releasing the pressure on the city centre.

140 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Regional Vision

Interventions 141

Vision for the Region

By a series of interventions in the different squares throughout the region - we would firstly increase local awareness - thereby affecting lifestyles and peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s behaviours. And secondly, at a regional scale - we are rebranding the AMA as a sustainable circular region.

142 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

143

REFLECTIONS Scientific Contribution Future Research Ethical Reflections

144 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTION In order to deepen our understanding of the role

to close a material flow and the use of placemaking to

of creative industry in this project, we discussed the

directly affect the users in circular economy. Placemaking

project with two experts on creative economy from OTB

as one of the main tactic of our project was discussed

Research Institute TU Delft - Dr. Arie Romein and Dr. Jan

intensely especially the example of projects that they

Jacob Trip. Three main questions that we raised are -

acknowledge of.

a. We reckoned that there is a transition of trend in AMA

For the second question, they stated that there was no

policy from creative industry / creative city to the circular

attempt in mapping the key elements of creative city –

economy. We asked them to what extent this is true and

at least attempt from them. Nevertheless, they stated

how do they think creative industry can play a role in the

that it is plausible to map them as some of them have

circular economy.

spatial characteristic. They also mentioned a related classification of related to spatial quality that creative

b. In one of the articles (Romein, 2009), they mention

industry seeks e.g., qualities of people, social place

the key elements of creative city and their main

quality, physical/spatial place quality, and symbolic place

characteristics. We asked them if there is any attempt

quality (Romein, 2010).

in mapping those characteristics as some of them have spatial quality e.g., amenities, clusters, and built

Lastly, we concluded that our attempt in linking creative

environment.

industry with circular economy could be intriguing since the link is plausible. Hence, our project is in the realm

c. In another article (Trip, 2015), they mention possible

of exploration and the result might contribute to both

strategies for the transfer of creativity i.e., ‘agents’.

the subject of creative industry and the topic of circular

It is mentioned that agents as connector among

economy.

‘underground’, ‘middleground’, and ‘upperground’ (that include traditional industries). Apart from that

References

connection, we enquired on the available studies that show a relation between this creative network and the

Romein, A., & Trip, J. J. (2010). The creative production and

user.

consumption milieu. Creative City Challenge, Framework Report. Delft: Delft University of Technology.

For the first question, in linking creative industry and circular economy, they argued that the starting point

Romein, A., & Trip, J. J. (2012). Key elements of creative city

of our line of reasoning should start from the point of

development: An assessment of local policies in Amsterdam

view of the circular economy – not from the point of few

and Rotterdam. Universidad Rey Juan Carlos of Madrid.

of the creative industry. The argument is based on the notion of creative industry as an ‘agents’ themselves

Trip, J. J., & Romein, A. (2015). Fostering regional innovation

(mentioned in the third question), with circular economy

by unlocking creativity and organizing creative industries. Delft

as the ‘umbrella’, specifically for our project. To think

University of Technology.

from the circular economy’s point of view, they stated

three possible dimensions of the circular economy, namely behaviour, technology, and urban form. The last dimension – urban form and spatial configuration of the circular economy is the potential dimension that can link circular economy with the creative industry. We then explored on how the creative industry can influence the urban form/spatial dimension e.g., the use of technology

Reflection 145

FUTURE RESEARCH A crucial aspect of this project is the regional impact of the strategy. The regional impact of the strategy discussed in this report relies on the repetition of small scale interventions throughout the region based on similar typology. However, each intervention has to be designed to fit itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s own context based on site specific conditions.

In this project four typologies most suited for intervention by the creative industry were elaborated and for each one, the pilot project was designed that would serve as an example for further replication in other areas of the AMA with similar typology.

The conclusions drawn from the designs of these pilot projects were then used to determine the regional impact that these interventions could have if they were replicated in the region.

This however does not take into account that every repetition of an intervention will also have context specific solutions that all together will also have an impact on the spatial structure of the region.

Therefore, in the future we recommend a continuation of this â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;research by designâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, where the tactics used in the pilot project are tested on other locations with similar typologies.

By doing this it is possible to sharpen the tactic library shown in this report and also get a more elaborate understanding of what the regional spatial impact of this strategy is.

146 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

ETHICAL REFLECTION

Reflection 147

This research design project seeks to address the

Technical Features

disassociation between the abstract concepts of sustainability and people’s lifestyles, within the context

The project seeks to achieve large scale impact using

of the Amsterdam Metropolitan Region (AMA). Briefly,

regional level policies and small scale projects. The

the project is determined within the backdrop of the

small-scale nature of the interventions ensures easy

municipal body’s agenda towards a circular economy

procurement of investments and project implementation.

in the AMA, but statistics at a household and individual

Promoting the creative industry to re-brand the identity

scale seem to undermine their efforts. The main strategy

of the AMA region, ensures that all scales of stakeholders

is to design a framework to achieve sustainable urban

are invested in the sustainability agenda. But, at the

development and circularity in the use of resources,

same time, the full impact of the small-scale projects in

buildings, and infrastructure. The strategy includes

long-term, large scale level is difficult to predict.

small scale interventions specific to peri-urban typology to create a regional network of interventions. For the

In order the use the creative industry as a catalyst to

purpose of this project, it was important to reflect on the

enhance the circular economy, the strategy includes

ethical dimensions of the project.

incentives specifically for the creative industry by providing amenities and policies favouring them.

Societal Ethical Features

However, this could lead to an imbalance with other industries in the region. Also, the promotion of the

The core of the project includes social sustainability.

creative class in other metropolises has resulted in

Sustainable policies can only succeed when people

unaffordable spaces for middle-income and lower-

are involved in a collaborative manner, where they can

income groups. This may result in a decline in cultural

have a say in the transformation of the built environment

diversity and tolerance, and may make reduce the

(Dillard et al., 2008). The present sustainability agenda of

competitiveness of the region (Nefs et al., 2016).

the AMA municipal corporation, talks about large scale policies and strategies, like waste-to-energy incineration program, but the percentage of waste separation at a household level is much lower in the region than comparable European cities (Gemeente-Amsterdam, 2012). The Mind-the-Gap Strategy on the other hand, takes on a people centric approach to achieve the larger sustainable goals. A circular economy, and the sustainability can only be attained, if there is a shared societal value. The strategy includes civil societies, as a crucial stakeholder in the project.

While this can be understood as a positive feature of a regional strategy, the project walks a fine line between promoting sustainable lifestyles and a social engineering project. Social Engineering (Hadnagy, 2010) is the “act of manipulating a person to take an action that may or may not be in the target’s best interest. This may include obtaining information, gaining access or getting the target to take certain action.” But the project needs to consider if human manipulation is the price for a “greater good”.

References Dillard, J., Dujon, V. and King, M. C. (2008) Understanding the social dimension of sustainability. Routledge.

Gemeente-Amsterdam (2012) Towards the Amsterdam Circular Economy. Amsterdam.

Hadnagy, C. (2010) Social engineering: The art of human hacking. John Wiley & Sons.

Nefs, M., Geuze, A. and Bos, E. 2016. Blind spot.

Deltametropolis Association.

148 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

149

APPENDIX A: Individual Reflections B: Creative Industry Mapping C: References D: Team

150 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

A: INDIVIDUAL REFLECTIONS

Individual Reflections of the group documenting the impact of the SDS (AR2U085: Spatial Development Stratgies) Workshops on the overall project and the role in the group.

A: Individual Reflections 151

Selina Abraham The regional design strategy that we put forward in

personal concerns are that while designing for landscape

this report, evolved each week based on the lectures

at a larger scale (especially at a regional level) often result

and workshops of the Spatial Development Strategies

in spaces that neglect the human scale. But as I studied

(SDS) and the Capita Selecta. The four SDS workshops

the subject further, I understood how a strong landscape

that made a significant impact were the Roles of the

strategy can benefit the metropolis. Based on this, the

Vision and Strategies from the Perspectives of Urban

final strategy included landscape protection guidelines.

Planning and Phasing Strategies by Vincent Nadine, the

This became one of the objectives, a strong landscape

Landscape based Regional Design by Steffen Nijhuis and

metropolitan identity, that would attract highly skilled

the Actor Analysis Methodology by Marcin Dabrowski.

workers to region. The landscape would not only be a place-making tool, but also contribute to the region’s

Considering that Regional Spatial Design is unfamiliar

economy.

ground for me, Nadine’s first lecture was very insightful.

He elaborated specifically, on the difference between

Dabrowski’s workshop on Stakeholders, helped us

plans and strategies. Having worked as an urban planner

understand the vertical and horizontal influence of

before, it helped me reflect that many projects and

actors. Based on this, we developed a spatial and policy

Master Plans created in my home country often fall into

tactic library that would be coupled with the interests

the spectrum of a plan, these are often rigid and do not

of and incentives to local actors for each project. At a

evolve with the needs of the metropolis. To illustrate with

larger scale, we made a conscious decision to include

a simple example, the Municipal Corporation of Delhi

a representative from the fix-the-gap board at each

(MCD) has undertaken multiple “demolition drives” of

municipality, considering their participation was critical

illegal settlements over the last decade based on the

in the project. At the local level projects, we included

legal authority that the Master Plan of Delhi provides

influence actors like super-market chains, providing

them. However, they have not addressed the need for

them incentives to participate.

more affordable housing in the region. Further, Nadine’s lecture on phasing also helped us address how to set

And lastly, the Planning Game by Roberto Rocco, was

parameters in our strategy so that it can evolve over

crucial in not only taking a position on the kind of planner

time. As a result, we set a task force or a governing

(the advocate planner) that I would like to be, but also

body (the fix-the-gap board) that not only oversees the

helped in developing skills to argue for and defend our

implementation of the projects, but also considers the

project.

progress of each project, based on indicators. In the case our project, our indicators needed to show a more

To conclude on my position in the group, I had a varied

sustainable way living in the region. For example, we

set of roles in the project. One of the key roles was

used quantifiers, like the amount of people separating

representing the project to convey our story to our peers

organic waste. We set a stage where we can engage

and tutors. I also had the task to structure the overall

with stakeholders and review the success (or failure) of

storyline, including the design ideas and interests of

the project. This would help the board, self-evaluate

the other group members, to subsequently produce a

the project and transform it based on the time-specific

cohesive project. I was also responsible in developing

needs and resource limitations of the location.

the larger regional strategy to make the local design interventions effective at a metropolitan scale.

Further, the lecture by Nijhuis helped us understand the need for considering strategies for the landscape.

Though, my initial reaction was that of skepticism. My

152 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Eva Labrujere The interpretation of the knowledge in general, was

Board, an essential element for our regional design.

quite straightforward. The fact that there were interactive

This helped the development of the strategy, because

workshops and the fact that topics were more or less

certain choices and arguments were very dependent on

synchronised with studio progress, helped to improve the

that particular position.

efficiency of taking in the knowledge. Following, within the studio work, for appliance of the knowledge, it was

Another

example

was

the

stakeholder

analysis

especially helpful that often was included production of

workshop. It helped to map the field of stakeholders,

actual products, that functioned as a step ahead in the

nevertheless we needed a method to really implement

thought process towards the studio product.

it within the regional design. We decided to use the three-dimensional method of classifying stakeholders

One example is the first session held by Vincent Nadin,

according to their power, interest and attitude, to identify

that was an interesting and actually quite fundamentally

the stakeholders for each square locally. The naming of

relevant lecture about the meaning of strategies and

the types of stakeholders related to their place in the

plans and its distinction. Concerning the desirable

‘cube’ was quite useful to discover their position towards

end as a process, the construct of a narrative (with the

us. To actually translate that and add meaning to the

needed steps to undertake to be able to get there),

strategy, we came up with forming a set of incentives

like the approach in a strategy. But the question arises

on the basis of what we , in the position of the creative

whether the adaptiveness of possible insecurities that

Fix The Gap board, have to offer towards a certain

the time-dimension brings to strategies in comparison

party. Just like the list of spatial tactics, it provided our

with blueprint planning, makes it less strong or powerful

strategy with certain more (generic) ‘stakeholder tactics’

in terms of reaching the desirable end. So the challenge

in ways to approach a party in order to engage them

was to find a combination of these two, and still guard

in the (specific) project. So based on the position of a

the assets of each. The tools we got from the lectures,

stakeholder towards us, in the 3D-model, and based on

form the elements of the strategy; all to become well

what we could mean for them in order to create a mutual

implemented, as an integrative whole, as steps towards a

beneficial relationship, the right strategic incentive could

complete regional design. For our group the beginning

be considered.

phase was predominantly characterized by forming the base of that: a vision. Thanks to similar personal interests

Reflecting on my individual role within the development

and values within the group, encountered in an extensive

of the strategy, it happened to be that ‘my’ square,

amount of discussions, we were able to form a strong

became the first one that was chosen to be elaborated

vision that was shared by everyone. That would become

further on. Since our project had quite an explorative

the starting point for constructing our narrative.

character, it became a test case for the other squares, to find out methods and approaches that work well or

This first lecture helped to ask ourselves strategic

did not.

questions (which must lead to ‘desirable outcomes’),

Further, within the group I tried to guard the structure

that we rethought several times. It also invited us already

for the group, both for the strategy as a whole content

in the beginning of the regional design to think about

wise, as for the way of working. Because I felt like that

governance, according to the ‘horizontally and vertically

was sometimes slightly lost with the amount of five with

crossing of borders’. That lead to discussions about what

a not so strong urge of management. I liked to provide

we were actually aiming for, who we want to convince,

work structures and agreements, steering to collectively

the position that we would want to take. Later on, this

reflect our progress to decide what’s next, what to do

resulted in the decision of introducing the Fix the Gap

and look ahead.

A: Individual Reflections 153

Yue Mao As an architecture student with zero knowledge of Urban

the application of knowledge in the project work always

Planning before, it took me a while to understand why

comes few weeks later; However, in the last session of

so many debates are needed to turn over and formulate

roadmap, my group and I finally managed to form the

the arguments over and over again in the process of

basic structure of roadmap right in the course and think

design. And as an anarchist, it also took me a while to

of engagement and indicators, which is actually a crucial

figure out why we all need to look into and include a

part in many outstanding planning paradigms such as

municipal strategy – Circular Economy – in our liberal

Hong Kong 2030+ and Vancouver Greenest City Action

academic project.

Plan. Then the story became complete.

Because planning is dealing with a complex system

Besides all the SDS sessions, I’m additionally grateful

involving different stakeholders and ‘long duree’, not

that we picked up a very interesting topic, had a lot of

everything goes as the good intention goes. Thus as

exhausting long discussions and debates to question

planners, instead of designing a firm decision – which

the logic line, also had a lot of group jokes such as ‘Mind

is actually way beyond our scope - we need to convey a

the Gap’ and ‘Fix the Gap’ and make them actually

convincing goal out of good cause, which in our case is

stay in the project till the end. We were asked a funny

the spatial vision, and guide a way how this goal can be

question in the last R&D studio: Have you changed your

achieved by the joint force of society, which is shown in

lifestyle ever since you do this project? I think yes, I’m on

the form of development strategy.

the way to become a vegetarian, on the way to positively understand policies, on the way to get out of the silent

This understanding of the differences between plan

mass, and most of all, on the way to have fun surfing in

and strategy in the first session personally helped me

this unknown field of planning.

a lot to know how the coming sessions synergistically compose the whole picture of a strategic planning.

For example, in site-specific design, the stakeholder analysis actually plays a decisive role in the timeline; and the material flow analysis, which is bit confusing for me in the beginning, in the end decided the theme of the strategic project. This is how tools are placed in the plan cycle. Another aspect of knowledge that SDS sessions offer is the strategies and policies themselves.

For instance, Atelier Zuidvleugel in Stedenbaan lecture shows how a board can play a coordinator role, which triggers the occurrence of our ‘Fix the Gap Board’, and the typology-based strategic project approach also gives a way to categorize our fragmented site choices in the beginning and thus make the argument more comprehensive. Also, Greenport Westland inspired me a lot how to transform the ‘ugly’ greenhouse area into a diverse-functional area.

Nevertheless the reflection is not always quick and easy.

In the first few sessions such as material flow analysis,

154 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Rashid Ayoubi This section is meant to reflect on the Spatial Design

I will mention the three most important. The first is

Strategy (SDS) lectures given alongside the research and

making material flows visible and combining that with

design studio and to reflect on the effect of lectures on

placemaking to raise awareness and teach people how to

the group’s work.

live more circular lifestyles by showing them an example and how it works. The second was starting with a small

There were 2 SDS sessions that in my opinion was

scale project to test and show how it works and then

import in the group’s process. The first was the ‘Methods

replicating these principles in other place where they

for Spatial Analyses and Intervention in line with a

are needed locally while together having an impact on

Circular Economy’ where we quickly got a much better

the larger scale. This idea developed into our strategy

understanding of the material flow’s in the AMA, which

of using typologies to repeat small interventions so

was a confusing subject us in the beginning. The second

together they can have a regional impact.

was the actor analysis, where using the ‘interest, power,

The last and most important was the realization that

attitude’ graph proved to be a good tool for us to get an

when repeating an intervention in another location it

insight on what stakeholders are important.

can not be blindly copied but has to be custom fitted to each context and that’s where the creative industry

However, there was one lecture that was not given in the

comes in.

SDS course but in the capita selecta lecture series that has to be mentioned since in my opinion it was of big

To me personally the Capita Selecta (CS) lectures

importance for our project and it helped us strengthen

were more helpful than the SDS session because our

our framework and concept. This was the lecture given by

project really focusses on reaching the people and the

Ooze Architects.The lecture shows an art installation they

CS lectures gave practical examples of what it’s like to

designed that cleans water from a nearby canal by letting

implement circular economy in real life.

the water go through the installation which includes a toilet, water purification vegetation and a community

As for my personal contribution to the strategy, my most

garden along with drinkable water coming out of the

important contributions are in the beginning stages,

installation which engages people to participate in this

where by analyzing projects like the one mentioned

circular activities. This one art installation can not clean

above and combining it with my own observations like

the canal of course but that was not the intention of the

the picture of the trash under the recycle sign taken at

project. The intention was to combine placemaking with

Buiksloterham I provided the group with a framework on

an installation that makes circular processes visible and

top of which we build our project.

also engages people to participate. By the right people together at this installation interest was generated for this installation to be repeated along the canal where together they can have an actual effect on the canal.

They then repeated the concept of cleaning water using vegetation in Rio de Janeiro but instead cleaning a canal their goal was to clean the sewage system and the concept was adjusted to fit to the Brazilian context and the resources available there.

By analyzing this project we gained many insight that developed into the backbone of our project. Here

A: Individual Reflections 155

Reza Pradana The regional design process started with individual

the solutions can be simulated with certain modification

interest

design,

in other location with the same typology. With the

specifically in AMA context. My idea was to raise the

understanding of stakeholder’s roles and tactics that we

question that was raised by Hagerstand back in 1970,

used, we then developed an implementation timeline

“What about people in regional science?”. It is intriguing

addressing specific issues and objective in the typology.

to focus on people’s lifestyle in the context of this project

The critical milestone in our timeline is the review and

– circular economy in regional design, as the mainstream

engage phase that we developed during the SDS

approach is generally to deal with the material flows in

workshop with Vincent Nadin.

and

understanding

of

regional

the region. We thought of creative industry as potential agents to bridge t disassociation of the abstract concept

With elaborations of the four typologies, we then

of circular economy to the people.

analysed the impact to the region. We did this by analysing the connection between different locations in

After further elaborations and discussions, particularly

each typology. Based on these typology connections,

the SDS workshop about material flow analysis with the

and the understanding of the regional spatial structure,

REPAiR team, we narrowed down our project scope to

we developed an intended regional impact and vision

focus on the circularity in people’s lifestyle – instead of

map. The latter process of regional impact has not been

regional circularity. Our decision to narrow down our

elaborated deeply in compare to the former processes

scope was intended to provoke another perspective

as we tend to focus on the typological interventions.

- as I understand the essence of a regional design, in implementing circular economy with respect to current

In the end, focusing on people’s lifestyle gave a distinct

trend in the AMA (high concentration of creative

identity to our project, yet the relation to regional design

workforce and landscape attractiveness).

– apart from the identity is still to be explored. Moreover, for this project to focus on creative industry as the

The next step is to develop an implementation strategy. In

agents is intriguing, yet to some extent limit our project

our project, we used the conclusions of the three analysis

in relation to the circular economy theme. Apart from

(material flows, creative industry mapping, and regional

that, our discussion with Arie Romein and Jan Jacob Trip

spatial structure) to seek for focus areas specifically

about the relation between creative industry and circular

with typological approach based on the regional

economy is helpful to shape our project as exploration

spatial structure. This typological approach is useful

project that hopefully useful for both subjects.

for then defining the implementation factors, namely stakeholders and timeline. Based on the stakeholder categorization criteria developed in the SDS workshop

by Marcin Debrwoski (interest, attitude, and power), we defined a role for each stakeholder in each typology. Out of four selected typologies, I specifically worked on the business park typology. We then developed incentive tactics to addressed each stakeholder roles and spatial tactics to spatially implement the project. This tactic approach is partially inspired by the SDS lecture from Nico Tillie when he developed certain interventions that can be replicated principally to other location in the Rotterdam region. This approach is important so that

156 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

B: SPATIAL MAPPING OF THE CREATIVE INDUSTRY

This section features additional maps created to support the Spatial Mapping of the Creative Industry.

It includes the following maps - general economic conditions -flood risk map - CI: Identity -CI: Amenities - CI: Existing Clusters - CI: Synthesis

B: Mapping the Creative Industry 157

General Economic Conditions

Flood Risk Map

158 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

CI Spatial Mapping: Existing Clusters

CI Spatial Mapping: Amenities

B: Mapping the Creative Industry 159

CI Spatial Mapping: Identity

CI Spatial Mapping: Synthesis

160 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

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Nabielek, K., Kronberger-Nabielek, P. and Hamers, D. (2013) ‘The rural-urban fringe in the Netherlands: recent developments and future challenges’, Spool, 1(1), pp. 101-120.

Circle Economy,. (2016). Circular Amsterdam. Amsterdam: Gemeente Amsterdam.

Nefs, M., Geuze, A. and Bos, E. 2016. Blind spot. Deltametropolis Association.

Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs and Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, (2009), Creative Value - Culture and Economy Policy paper, (2009), Den Haag p. 24, p.26

Olivera, C., Catalno, E., Ruijter, J., Dijk, M. v., Riphagen, M., Kojima, M., Sanchez, N. and Mallick, S. (2013) Creative City Connecting the Creative Scene in Amsterdam, Amsterdam: mediaLab-Amsterdam.

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Hadnagy, C. (2010) Social engineering: The art of human hacking. John Wiley & Sons.

Hornis, W. and Van Eck, J. R. (2008) ‘A Typology of Peri‐Urban Areas in the Netherlands’, Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, 99(5), pp. 619-628.

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C: References 161

rdonlyres/7C94DCC5-B419-4FC4-A73E-332317917B18/0/ 2011creatieveindustriecreatieveberoepen.pdf 6. Sociaal-Economische Raad en Raad voor Cultuur, (2016), Verkenning Arbeidsmarkt Cultuursector, Huisdrukkerij SER, Den Haag, p.47, p.64 Unesco UN System Task Team, (2012), UN System Task Team on the post-2015 UN Development Agenda - Culture: a driver and an enabler of sustainable development 10. Icons from Thomas Helbig from the Noun Project Van Bueren, E. 2017. 4413UEINFY - Sustainable Urban Environments and Infrastructures - Lecture on Urban Systems and Governance Delft: TU Delft - Industrial Ecology.

162 Mind the Gap_ [Create]-ing Circular Lifestyles

Image. The Team, (from left to right) Selina, Rashid, Eva, Yue and Reza (Caca) Photograph Credits - Matias Piaza (2017)

D: The Team 163