A Brief History of Deuterium Depleted Water
Victor Sagalovsky
By
It was 13.8 billion years ago...
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In the first sixty seconds following the Big Bang, in the primordial plasma soup that was to become our Universe, the first element was created. That element was hydrogen, made simply of one proton and one electron.The temperature was 1 billion degrees. Electrons and positrons annihilated to make photons, while protons and neutrons combined to make deuterons, - a proton and neutron pair. Almost all of the deuterons then combined to make helium. Primordial matter was thus separated into two unequal parts: one quarter helium, three-quarters hydrogen.
Deuterium had gone undetected by physicists perhaps because it only made up 0.0149% of all hydrogen in the Universe, or 1 heavy water molecule for every 3300 of regular water molecules in seawater. Some physicists suspected the existence of a second isotope of hydrogen as early as 1913, and Urey was keen prove it true once and for all.
With certainty, he knew it must exist
because something between the atomic weight and the mass spectrographic value of hydrogen simply did not add up. And with
The process, however, was not completely
Brickwedde’s help at the Cryogenic Laboratory
thorough; as the universe cooled a small
at the National Bureau of Standards they
percentage of deuterium nuclei remained as
unlocked the mystery and proved its existence.
they were, unpaired and isolated, trapped
The excitement of what they had discovered
between hydrogen and helium. Most became
created a brisk back and forth on what to name
the source of star energy along with hydrogen.
it: barogen, haplogen, diplogen, deutium and
The deuterium atoms that survived the stellar
dygen were suggested. Eventually they settled
furnaces eventually combined two-to-one with
on deuterium (from the ancient Greek
oxygen atoms to create water, now found in
deúteros meaning second). To single proton
seawater and fresh water on Earth. There are in
hydrogen, that makes up 99.98% of all
fact about 6 drops (300 milligrams) of
hydrogen they gave the name protium.
deuterium in each liter of water on our planet. Fast forward 13.79999 billion years to 1932 when Harold C. Urey and his colleagues Ferdinand G. Brickwedde and George R. Murphy at Columbia University proved the existence of deuterium. Before their discovery it was believed hydrogen contained one proton and one electron. This rare heavier isotope of hydrogen with an added neutron doubles the weight and has a mass of 2.
Usher in the Atomic Age In 1934 Dr. Urey won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this monumental discovery that would usher in the atomic age. Concentrated deuterium, i.e., heavy water was the missing piece needed for nuclear reactors and the making of atomic bombs. It can be stated that because of Urey, Brickwedde, and Murphy, the world would never be the same.
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A new era of research, focusing on this newly discovered hydrogen isotope, deuterium, was ushered in.
H
H
D
H O
O Light Water = H2O 99.957% of water molecules
Heavy Water = HDO 1 in 3300 Water molecules
D
D O
Heavy Water = D2O A third radioactive isotope, tritium, (two neutrons) is found in 1 out of every 41 million hydrogen isotopes, almost non-existent.
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A third radioactive isotope, tritium, (two neutrons) is found in 1 out of every 41 million hydrogen isotopes, almost non-existent. While the 30’s brought a paradigm shift in physics, much was the same with molecular biology. In 1929 ATP, the fuel of all life was discovered. This came 39 years after the discovery of mitochondria, where ATP is created. In 1937 the Krebs Cycle, (aka The Szent-Gyorgi or Citric Acid Cycle), was discovered, describing the mechanism by which ATP is produced. But it would have to wait another 60 years until deuterium’s effect on ATP production would be understood.
like normal water was something altogether different. From 1934 to 1939 H.G. Barbour and his colleagues from the Pharmacology Department at Yale initiated the first systematic study on the effects of heavy water on mice. Between 1933 and 1939 there were 216 published English language studies on the biological effects of deuterium, all arriving at the same observation: heavy water was an impairment on life. The experiments replacing normal water with just 30% heavy water caused bacteria, plants, and animals to die in a matter of days. More research needed to be done, but as World War II approached, heavy water became increasingly difficult to obtain
Biological Effects DDW
for further study because of the great demand
Urey’s mentor Gilbert N. Lewis, professor of
deuterium was stifled and gradually faded
chemistry at Berkeley, was the first to create
away until the 1950’s.
in the military sector. Biological research on
pure heavy water via electrolysis in 1933 shortly after Urey proved its existence. And
It was about the same time Francis H.C. Crick
subsequently he was the first to observe that
and James D. Watson announced the double-
this heavy water when frozen would sink
helix structure of DNA in 1953, that a
instead of float like normal water ice. He also
gerontology and genetics graduate student
observed it strongly delayed the reproduction
named Gennady D. Berdyshev at the
of microbes and retarded the growth of
University of Tomsk in Siberia (Soviet Union)
seeds.
was urged on by a colleague, Boris N. Rodimov, a biophysicist, to investigate a very
A new era of research, focusing on this newly
peculiar anomaly concerning lifespans of the
discovered hydrogen isotope, deuterium, was
Soviet population. While the average
ushered in. Soon after professor Lewis' heavy
percentage of centenarians in all of the Soviet
water observations, Oscar W. Richards, a
Union was less than 10 per one million, in
researcher at the Osborn Zoological Lab at
certain areas of Siberia there was a striking
Yale University showed that the splitting
number of centenarians – 324 per one million
process of sugar with yeast is nine times
people, and furthermore, most of the
slower in heavy water. What looked and felt
population of Altai and Yakutia enjoyed great health and vitality well into their old age.
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Knowing that these regions were uniquely
as the Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water
provided with pristine glacial-melt water from
(VSMOW), which is 155.76 ppm at the equator.
high altitudes, he was motivated to investigate
As a matter of historical record, the
this factor as a possible common denominator
were rst published in an agricultural journal in
of the longevity of their inhabitants. Scientists
Omsk in 1961.
ndings
focused on the possibility that some unique and unrecognized water characteristic might be involved - a mystery hidden perhaps in ancient glacial ice.
Slowing Down Aging The first experiments consisted of mining permafrost at a depth of 20 meters and melting water that had lain as ice for 300 million years. In the lab, it was observed that water stimulated cell division and slowed down aging. When the institute could no longer pay for the extraction of ancient ice they evaluated Siberian snow from their own vicinity, and to their surprise it had a similar effect. The theory of deuterium depleted water was beginning to take shape.
the Tomsk University in 1959 to 1960 convinced his colleagues that even a small dose of deuterium distorted the chemistry of hydrogen bonding and inhibited submolecular processes. By 1960 Berdyshev had enough information to conclusively link the longevity of the Yakuts and the Altaians with the consumption of glacial melt water. The researchers from Tomsk discovered that ancient ice, high latitude mountain snow, and glacial runoff were 15-20% depleted in deuterium compared to what became known
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In 1966 Rodimov and his Biophysics Department chair I.V. Toroptsev were allowed to publish their work in English for the benefit of researchers and scientists everywhere.
The experiments done by V.M. Muhachev at
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N o s o o n e r h a d B e rd y s h e v, R o d i m o v, Muhachev, et., al discovered this rejuvenating water, that a Level 6 nuclear disaster occurred at the Kyshtym nuclear power plant in the southern Ural Mountains, the third largest nuclear disaster in history! Berdyshev and his colleagues provided their newly discovered “miracle melt water” to a number of the victims and they were saved. It wasn’t until after the Soviet Union fell that the Russians declassified the disaster as well as how deuterium depleted water was used in medical treatment.
With their groundbreaking findings in Biological Role of Heavy Water in Living Organisms they put Siberia on the map. They became the very first scientists to show how water depleted in deuterium had a positive biological effect. In the mouse experiments, they observed the increase of heavy water to 3% caused offspring to have a 20% lower birth weight, 3X smaller adult size than the control group, and the inability to reproduce a third generation.
Harold Urey and Ferdinand Breckwidde Discovered Deuterium
Hydrogen
Deuterium
ATP Molecule Creates Energy
“When the Hunza people of northern Pakistan were investigated for their increased longevity and lack of illness it was determined that the deuterium content of their water, from the glaciers of Mt. Ultar, was about 133 ppm, a deviation of 16% from the 155 ppm global standard.”
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While the Russians were doing their research
Experiments
and making quiet breakthroughs, Americans
In another experiment, mice consuming glacial melt water had greater sexual activity and grew faster and bigger than the control group. These experiments were repeated in many Soviet institutions with different animals and plants. Considering that deuterium had only been discovered 30 years before, this was a monumental breakthrough. A secret of longevity had just been revealed! Coincidentally, around the same time, one of the greatest revelations in biology was taking shape by Paul D. Boyer, a molecular biologist with UCLA. He discovered that tiny protein nano-motors with in the mitochondria, sitting at the end of the Electron Transport Chain (ETC) bore the final burden for creating ATP. This protein assembly, spinning at 9000 RPM, has the structure and function of a mechanical motor, complete with rotor, stator and magnetic field. Boyer christened it “ATP Synthase”. It would be another 40 years, and the turn of the millennium, before deuterium’s effect on ATP Synthase would be uncovered. By the early 1960’s it was clear that deuterium, although a hydrogen isotope, was something altogether “different” both biochemically and biophysically, being twice the mass of protium due to the addition of a neutron which is absent from normal hydrogen. No other element has such an extreme difference in mass among its isotopes. Nevertheless, the understanding of how deuterium functions at the cellular level was yet to be discovered.
were also hot to blaze a deuterium trail. It was 1963 when John F. Thomson of the Medical Research division of Argonne National Laboratory in Illinois wrote the definitive 152page treatise entitled Biological Effects of Deuterium. The work of his colleagues Joseph J. Katz and Henry L. Crespi reinforced the biological implications of deuterium, noting early on in Deuterated Organisms Cultivation and Uses, published in 1966 that deuterium affects the shape of proteins and the replication of DNA. Laboratory mice experiments were conducted in which their normal body water was altered in the percentage (%) of heavy water, yielded the following results: Experiment #1: Laboratory mice body water was increased in concentration of heavy water to 30%. It proved to be fatal to the mice in a matter of days. Experiment #2: Laboratory mice body water was depleted in deuterium by 30% (105 ppm), resulting in significantly increased lifespans. Ten years later in 1974, again at Argonne National Labs, British scientist T.R. Griffiths, at the 2nd International Conference on Stable Isotopes, proposed the theory that deuterium might be the primary cause of aging. In Possible Roles of Deuterium in the Initiation and Propagation of Aging and Other Biochemical Mechanisms and Processes he states, “Deuterium adversely affects the shape of enzyme molecules which are involved in DNA replication.”
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DNA Repair He observed that deuterium being more electronegative than hydrogen, twice as heavy, and having different atomic binding properties than normal hydrogen (protium), interfered with DNA replication. When DNA repair enzymes contain deuterium in a position reserved for protium, they have a potential for participating in an error reaction, thereby compromising DNA replication and repair. The following year, in 1975, J.D. Gleason and I. Friedman, replicating the Russian findings on plant growth, publishing the first American study on using deuterium depleted water (DDW) to increase the growth of grains. This small but significant publication in NATURE magazine paved the way for a new generation of scientists to try and understand deeper the function of deuterium in the biology of living things. When the Hunza people of northern Pakistan were investigated for their increased longevity and lack of illness it was determined that the deuterium content of their water, from the glaciers of Mt. Ultar, was about 133 ppm, a deviation of 16% from the 155 ppm global standard. A 16% reduction may not seem significant, however, Griffiths’ theory further predicted that the adverse biological effect of deuterium is proportional to the square of the concentration. And that is the reason we now know that even a slight depletion of deuterium has a great biological benefit.
W. Bild and colleagues at the Romanian University of Medicine and Pharmacology showed that mice exposed to a sub-lethal dose of 8.5 grays of radiation had a greater survival rate on deuterium depleted water. Mice consuming water that was reduced to 30 ppm of deuterium had a 61% survival rate whereas the control group consuming plain tap water (150 ppm) had a survival rate of only 25%. The test group also maintained normal white blood cell and red blood cell platelet counts as compared to the control group which did not. The same two groups of unfortunate rodents were also infected with pneumonia and the test group showed an intensification of immune defenses not seen in the control group. The scientists concluded that mice with lower levels of deuterium in their systems would benefit from less error prone cell division and more effective repair of radiation damaged DNA. It was proof yet again that deuterium depleted water had some unknown and seemingly miraculous biological effect. These animal tests were carried out for the sole purpose of evaluating the effects of deuterium depletion for patients undergoing chemotherapy. This, along with the work of Hungarian Nobelprize winner Albert Szent-Gyrgyi, inspired the work of Gabor Somylai, a doctor and molecular biologist who in the early 90’s undertook the most extensive clinical trials of deuterium depletion yet completed, his data published in 1998, in the paper The Biological Effects of Deuterium Depletion and his 2001 book Defeating Cancer. Somylai’s double-blind clinical trials showed first that deuterium
By the 1990’s pivotal research was being
depleted water was free of any side effects and
furthered in Romania and Hungary.
second, the survivability of his test group was significantly better than those cancer patients in the control group.
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Miraculous Biological Effect
“Olgun’s ndings may be hailed as one of the greatestPage discoveries 11
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of the 21st century and one of the greatest oversights of biology.”
“Today we stand at the gateway of a quantum leap in our biology. Thanks to the pioneers herein, radical life extension has a powerful new ally.”
Production Page 12
Production columns and Chernopiatko's early prototype.
He showed that consuming deuterium
water that freezes first repeatedly, a 5%
depleted water was an excellent
reduction was claimed to be achieved. This
complementary adjuvant to conventional
protocol became very popular in Russia and
radiation and chemotherapy. Between
many other countries from the 1990’s until
October 1992 and the spring of 1999, Dr.
today. However, it was only marginally
Somylai and his team administered some 350
effective as deuterium levels using this
tons of deuterium depleted water to
method could not be reduced signi cantly
approximately 1,200 patents generating over
enough to make a major difference.
12,000 pages of documented records. Currently, in 2019 Somylai has 2,222 case
By the beginning of the 21st century it was
studies on deuterium depleted water. His
well understood among researchers that
groundbreaking work put Hungary on the
consumption of deuterium depleted water
map as an important center for research on
protected DNA from damage. But it was not
deuterium depletion.
yet known how. Thanks to man’s insatiable desire to uncover the mysteries of life it was
“Melt Water Cure” After the fall of the Soviet Union, Berdyshev, by now a distinguished gerontologist and chair of the genetics department of Taras Shevchenko National University in Kiev, started the new department of Juventology. His work no longer a sensitive national security matter, he and his colleagues built three industrial machines to recreate glacial melt water able to reduce deuterium levels by 30-40% (90-105 ppm). These engineering masterpieces separated deuterium out of water using freeze and thaw cycles, taking advantage of the fact that heavy water freezes at a slightly higher temperature. It was also publicized that people without access to deuterium depleted water could do something similar at home calling it the “Melt Water Cure”. The instructions called for performing repeated freeze and thaw cycles
only a matter of time until this puzzle would be solved. In 2006, Russian chemist Igor A. Pomytkin and his colleague O.E. Kolesova published the study Relationship between Natural Concentration of Heavy Water Isotopologues and Rate of H2O2 Generation by Mitochondria. They were able to show that whatever mechanism allowed heavy water to damage the cell and vice-versa allow light water to keep it healthy was happening somewhere within the mitochondria. The study showed that heavy water inhibited mitochondria’s ability to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) which acts as messenger molecules sending signals to regulate oxidative stress. Pomytkin’s work would lead him to the same conclusion about deuterium’s effect on ATP as was published the following year.
using a household freezer. By removing the
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The year 2007 marks the occasion of the most
enthusiast who co-authored with Pomytkin and
monumental discovery in the short history of
Oxford scientists the 2015 study, Deuterium
deuterium science. Abdullah Olgun, a medical
Content of Water Increases Depression
doctor, biochemist, pharmacologist from the
Susceptibility: The Potential Role of a Serotonin-
Department of Biochemistry and Clinical
Related Mechanism. Having embraced the
Biochemistry at Gülhane School of Medicine in
importance of deuterium depletion from an
Ankara, Turkey published the paper Biological
early age, a lifelong quest was about to
Effects of Deuteronation: ATP Synthase as an
manifest. Chernopiatko, now having definitive
Example. Devoted to the study of the
proof of deuterium’s role as a biological Trojan
mechanisms that cause aging, it took him an
horse, took over the task to advance light water
exhausting two years of research as well as
production beyond laboratory and research
having to obtain another degree in medical
purposes and construct a factory to produce
mathematics to show for the first time how
light water on a commercial scale.
deuterium caused its damage.It occurs in last step of the Electron Transport Chain, within the
Whereas Berdyshev in the 90’s had created an
ATP Synthase nano - motor. Olgun determined
industrial process for reducing deuterium by
that roughly every 15 seconds a bare deuteron
30-40% using a refrigerated process, it was at
(a proton – neutron pair), for which there is no
the turn of the millennium that the first vacuum
open receptor, impinges on the fast spinning
rectification column exclusively for the
nano-motor, causing it to jam, stutter and
production of light water was developed by Dr.
ultimately break down. Olgun further explains in
Igor Selivanenko at the Institute of Fine
the paper Deuteronation and Aging, published
Chemical Technologies in Moscow. Applying
the same year in the Annals of the New York
principles from decades of heavy water
Academy of Science that this is one of the key
separation to the removal of light water, this
and primary causes of aging!
was a much more efficient process that could remove 97% or better of heavy water. In 2008,
The mystery of how deuterium damaged life
Chernopiatko, having purchased intellectual
was finally revealed! The Nobel Prize worthy
property from Selivanenko and having taken a
significance of Olgun’s findings may be hailed
number of years to improve upon it with his
as one of the greatest discoveries of the 21st
technologist Alexander Emalianov began, in
century and one of the greatest oversights in
2012, the construction of a plant in the Russian
biology.
countryside commercializing the technology developed at the Institute in Moscow. A decade
At the time, only a handful were keen to take
of prototyping, industrial engineering, hard
notice and register the gravity of this
work and luck yielded the first dedicated facility
breakthrough. One person that got the picture
i n t h e w o r l d t o p ro d u c e 9 0 % + D D W
right was Anton Chernopiatko, a Russian
continuously.
businessman, scientist and deuterium depletion
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At the moment, there are four primary
how to remove it are well understood, yet there
producers of deuterium depleted water, Vividi
is still so much more to be learned. And the
in Russia, Qlarivia in Romania, Preventa in
awareness of this colossal discovery is still in its
Hungary, as well as two plants in China. Vividi’s
infancy. Four international conferences on
production is offered in the United States as
deuterium depletion in Budapest have
Litewater, the exclusive and only deuterium
provided a place for scientists to present their
depleted water available in the world where
work. Laszlo Boros, MD and professor at the
94-97% of the deuterium is removed. For the
University of California, is an American scientist
sake of disclosure the author is a co-founder of
advancing the work in this field and perhaps the
L i t e w a t e r a l o n g w i t h re v e r s e - o s m o s i s
most knowledgeable biochemist in the world
technology pioneer and water scientist Robert
on this subject. He co-founded the Center for
Slovak.
Deuterium Depletion in Los Angeles, where deuterium testing and treatment protocols were rst offered to the public.
As one would expect when something is too good to be true there is a catch and that is the shortage of supply. The extraction of these six
The author, with an insatiable appetite for
drops of heavy water per liter is a complex
knowledge has travelled far and wide to
multi-level technical process requiring large
personally meet and interview most of the
scale industrial installations of specialized
doctors and scientists mentioned in this article,
distillation recti cation equipment.
considering it a rare honor to be intricately
Unfortunately, it is not a machine you can have
i n v o l v e d i n t h e d i s s e m i n at i o n o f t h i s
at home. In the future, as awareness and
knowledge.
demand increases, new production plants will come online, and ever more efficient DDW
It is believed by the author and other scientists
technologies will be developed. Many countries
in this eld that the ideal deuterium level for the
are actively pursuing their own interests for
body is below 120 ppm. Achieving this requires
heavy water separation. In the ninety years from
drinking one and a half liters of 80-100 ppm
the time hydrogen’s second isotope was
DDW daily for 45-60 days, while minimizing the
discovered until now, the world has changed
intake of all other beverages and maintaining a
unlike at any other time in human history.
modified ketogenic diet with intermittent
A New Age
fasting and targeted photonic stimulation. And then maintaining that level with consumption of water in the 100-120 ppm range. The author has personally been able to reduce his deuterium levels well below 100 ppm, and the energetic bene ts are qualitatively profound.
We stand at the dawn of an age of technology and the gateway to a quantum leap in biology. Thanks to the pioneers herein, radical life extension has a powerful new ally.
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It is 2019; the mechanisms of deuterium and
is more than 94% Deuterium Free Victor Sagalovsky Cofounder - Litewater Scienti c © July 2019
info@litewaterscientific.com
833-LITEWATER
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