Green Community Envisioning - Taur-Ando Post

COMMUNITY ENVISIONING Taur-Ando Post

Sarah Bonnet, Jared Holter, Felicity Klemz, Alyssa Klotz, Juan Marco, Celeste Pan, Sarah Pisarczyk ArtDes 300: Green Building with Professor Joe Trumpey April 28, 2022

GREEN COMMUNITY ENVISIONING Taur-Ando Post

TEAM MEMBERS Sarah Bonnet, Jared Holter, Felicity Klemz, Alyssa Klotz, Juan Marco, Celeste Pan, Sarah Pisarczyk

DATE OF COMPLETION April 28, 2022

CONTENTS COMMUNITY OVERVIEW Manifesto Description & Deep Green Nature

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PROJECT DETAILS Project Definition Project Brand & Identity Summary of Stakeholders & Users Natural Areas Description of Spaces Precedence Research Living Building Challenge Petals Calendar Activities

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BUILDING DETAILS Summary of Features Materials Uniqueness Site Plan

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References

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COMMUNITY OVERVIEW

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COMMUNITY OVERVIEW Manifesto “Taur-Ando” stands for “Forest Gate” in Elvish – we created the Taur-Ando Post as an entry to experiencing nature. In the state of Michigan at large, 85% of African Americans and 90% of low income individuals are living in nature deprived areas. This has serious health and wellness implications and our community aims to address this disparity through outreach to a variety of different minority communities in the Detroit Metro Area.

A free, convenient, electric shuttle system will pick up interested visitors from Detroit and Highland, and free lessons and an equipment library will break down accessibility barriers. Volunteers will be stationed throughout the Taur-Ando Post main building to ensure community respect and safety, creating a welcome environment for all. Not only will visitors be able to experience the outdoors, they will also be participating in a green building powered by nature and integrated into the ecosystem around it. The Taur-Ando Post is designed to be Living Building Challenge certified, bringing health, happiness, and positivity to the Highland and metro Detroit community.

Description & Deep Green Nature The Taur-Ando Post is a building meant to support social gatherings, provide access to outdoor recreational activities, and foster a diverse community within the metro Detroit and Highland area. Physically, the Taur-Ando Post follows each of the seven petals of the Living Building Challenge, and boasts multi-purpose indoor and outdoor spaces for resting, socializing, and dining.

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PROJECT DETAILS

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PROJECT DETAILS Project Definition Taur-Ando Post’s mission to increase accessibility to outdoor spaces and recreation has influenced each step of the planning and design process for this community. The site location, Highland Recreation Area, provides unique opportunities and challenges in materializing this goal, as it is roughly 50 miles away from Detroit, the target audience for outreach. As such, stakeholders in this project include local Highland community members, as well as individuals from across Southeast Michigan, leading to a wide variety of demographic variables playing a role in this design.

Project Brand & Identity To further ideate the physical presence of Taur-Ando Post, basic color, typography, logo, and logo variations were developed. The typography used throughout the body copy of this document and in the logos is Trap. Additionally, Montserrat was used for some details.

#1D6C31

#212622

#FFFFFF

Primary Colors

#2D4B1E

#98542C

Secondary Colors

Logo Variation 1 (W/B)

Logo Variation 2 (B/G)

Logo Variation 1 (B/W)

Primary Logo

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Summary of Stakeholders & Users Highland, MI, according to the 2020 Census, has a population of 19,172. 95.5% of the population is white, and only 2.4% of the residents in Highland were born outside the US. 8.7% of the population is in the age range of 25-34 (1,667 residents) and 17% of the population is between the ages of 5-17. Overall, the data does not suggest that this area contains many young families; 69% of households in Highland have no children. The median income of Highland residents is about $80,000, which is about $20,000 above the national average income of $62,800.

Given these statistics, outreach to other Detroit metro area communities will be an important component of Taur-Ando’s community. Partnerships with community centers around Southeast Michigan will facilitate this and increase access to the benefits of outdoor recreation. Five potential partner communities and areas are Hamtramck ($27,000 median income, 37.3% minority), Pontiac ($33,000 median income, 73.5% minority population), Highland Park ($18,000 median income, 91% Minority), Inkster ($31,300 median income, 80.5% minority), and Saginaw ($28,9000 median income, 62.7% minority). See Figure 1 for location reference and potential community partners.

Two major barriers to minority and low income populations in accessing outdoor spaces are transportation costs and language. Taur-Ando Post will address the transportation barrier by offering an electric shuttle service to and from the partner community centers. Further, there will be car-pool coordination services and other opportunities for individuals to make their way to Highland at a limited cost and environmental impact.

In order to address language barriers, the building and signage on the property will have translations into a number of different languages, as well as recognition for the Ojibwe land on which the community sits. To reduce costs, there will be free rentals for outdoor equipment including cross country skis, climbing ropes, and more. Community volunteers will coordinate rentals and offer advice on trails, local flora and fauna, as well as beginner advice for outdoor sports.

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Figure 1

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Natrual Areas The Highland Recreation Area contains natural communities such as southern wet meadows, mesic sand prairies, conifer swamps, prairie fens, and mesic southern forests. Many of these communities are forms of wetlands that are currently designated “Natural Areas” so that their unique resources are protected as much as possible. No trails are allowed in these areas except for marked footpaths and boardwalks, as these wetlands were previously disturbed and currently face species losses caused by man made dams, road buildings, and other construction.

Pre-settlement vegetation of the area matched that of a black oak barren and surrounding oak forests and swamps and wet prairies, but since then, the area has been modified due to logging and farming and has revegetated with many non-native species. Highland Recreation Area contains 10 lakes that are part of the Kent Lake Subwatershed of the Upper Huron River.

The topography of the park (see Figure 2) includes varied elevations from approximately 1150 feet at Mount Kanzer (just west of Beaumont Road) to 946 feet above sea level at Teeple Lake (at the southern end of the park). There is also a line of steep hills in the center of the park.

Figure 2

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Description of Spaces (INDOOR & OUTDOOR) In order to fully understand the spaces of Taur-Ando Post, please refer to the programme (Figure 3 below) which highlights the volumes of the community.

Figure 3

INDOOR: Collaboration Space The indoor spaces of Taur-Ando Post are intended to be multifunctional and communal in nature. The main gathering and collaboration space is known as the Quenya Room. This room has two large barn doors that provide easy access to the outdoor kitchen, health and recreation zone, and other outdoor spaces.

These doors will also provide ventilation within the space during warmer months, allowing occupants to control the temperature and airflow within the building. The space will be open plan with large tables and benches that can be re-arranged depending on the classes or events going on within the space.

Community members will have the opportunity to reserve the space, hold classes, and more within this space. Its usage will evolve alongside the community and is designed with principles of flexibility in mind.

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Wellness Room The Wellness Room, attached to the Quenya Room by a barrier partition is intended as a space for community members to practice physical and mental wellness individually or as a group. Within this room there is cross training space, a medical area, and teaching space. Similar to the Quenya Room, there will be opportunities for community members to hold or attend classes in this space. Examples of class curriculums could be exercise and dance classes, wilderness first aid, and more.

Personal Storage and Locker Room Around the corner from the Wellness Room on the Eastern wing of the building is the Personal Storage and Locker Room. This space will act as a home base for individuals and groups for their outdoor adventures. People can change clothes or temporarily store their gear. The spacious plan design allows easy flow in and out of the restroom, which are partitioned by the lockers themselves allowing natural light to fill the space from a North-facing building. The large barn door on the West-facing side of the space allows for multipurpose use and ventilation.

Administrative Space Attached to the South side of the locker room is the administrative and office space for the community. This will be a space for volunteers to coordinate events, spend time during shifts, and more. Large windows will fill the space with natural lights, and a pivot door on the South side of the buildings leads to the Health and Recreation zone.

Facility Storage The small structure on the North side of the building acts as facility storage for the community operators. This is where all rental gear will be stored. Individuals will coordinate with onsite volunteers on the types of gear they need and when they will meet to unlock and borrow it. There is also a rainwater catchment system on the roof that will source water for outdoor showers on the North side of the building. These showers will be used by community members after their outdoor recreation if they need to wash themselves or their gear.

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OUTDOOR: Roof + Kitchen Although the sides of the roof will be sawtooth style to allow for rain collection, the rest of the roof will be used as an area to socialize. Visitors will be able to take in the view of the surrounding nature and socialize on the ADA-compliant, slip-resistant roof. Seating is available in the form of staggered surfaces along the right side of the building. Railings will line the sides and surface of the roof.

Lastly, the left side of the roof will be reserved as a play area, incorporating small sculptures from local artists.

In the open area nested between the building, there will be an outdoor kitchen area to allow visitors to cook the food that they bring. A brick oven is durable and can handle heavy usage, and can be fueled with locally sourced wood.

There will also be two types of grills: a campfire grill and a charcoal grill.

Wooden benches will be located in this outdoor area for dining.

Health Recreation Zone The health recreation zone will be on the first floor. This area will be utilized for classes and any social gatherings. Children will also be able to play in this space when the roof area is not available. Stackable, movable seating will be provided if more seating is needed.

Atrium Between the two main spaces of the building, there will be an atrium area available for dining and resting. This atrium will provide shelter for visitors on rainy and snowy days while still allowing a view of the outdoors.

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Precedence Research The Michigan Outdoor Adventure Center is a recreation center in Detroit, Michigan that provides experiences and opportunities for outdoor activities. The vision of the MOAC connects surrounding neighborhoods to all of the outdoor recreation opportunities that Michigan has to offer. They also provide spaces for events and meetings, education, and many different outdoor activities. This vision, along with the vision of Taur-Ando Post, helps create a sense of place and connectedness to the outdoors and one’s community. Bringing “up north” to downtown Detroit is not only MOAC’s goal, but it is also one of the goals of Taur-Ando Post.

Michigan Department of Natural Resources Visitor Centers provide communities with access to educational opportunities regarding Michigan’s natural resources. The educational opportunities are open for anyone from families to classrooms, and each center has professionals who can lead nature-oriented programs. This is another center that gives any community the opportunity to learn more about the natural world, while also getting the chance to participate in outdoor recreational activities.

The Maritime Youth House in Copenhagen is a multi-purpose building that is able to accommodate the needs of two very different users: a sailing club and youth center. Each group had conflicting demands, with the youth group wanting to have an outdoor space for kids and the sailing club needing a place to park their boats. The design team came up with the idea of a two-story structure with the lower level being dedicated to the sailing club and the upper level being used by the youth group.

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The upper level has a large outdoor deck that overlooks the water and provides the perfect spot for the kids to play. The deck is high enough which allows for boat storage below. These principles of multi-purpose design have been implemented throughout the plans for Taurando Post. Additionally, inspiration for our rooftop areas was drawn from the outdoor deck on this building.

The Midland Canopy Walk does a great job at pulling in members of the community to a space that encourages use of the land, appreciation of the nature area, and environmental education. The Midland Canopy Walk is a great example of a project that engages the community and encourages use of the land, appreciation of the nature area, and environmental education. The project was designed and built by Midland residents and students, and includes partnerships with local organizations, authorities, and volunteers.

The Midland Canopy Walk is a great example of how a community can create a project that has a variety of uses, including recreation and environmental education, which can be enjoyed by all. Some of the main features of the place are a playground, apple orchard, cafe, and pedestrian bridges. It also is very focused on being accessible to everyone no matter their age or ability by having 1.5 miles of ADA Accessible hard-surface pathways within the forest.

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Living Buidling Challenge Petals

Place Petal The site for Taur-Ando Post is Highland Recreation areas in White Lake Michigan, formerly Ojibwe land. The current, natural and undeveloped conditions of the property classify this project within Transect 1, a Natural Habitat Preserve.

While there are many requirements of the LBC that limit development on these sites, Taur-Ando Post promotes the preservation of the natural areas of the recreation areas by increasing communities in SouthEast Michigan's connection to natural areas. Further, development on the site is limited to 2668.5 sq feet under roof, limiting the project's net impact. As outlined above, the ecological conditions of the site have been analyzed and integrated into design plans. The use of native plants in landscaping plans and careful selection of building locations ensure minimal impact is had on the surrounding ecosystems.

Further, understanding community demographics in White Lake as well as other SouthEast Michigan communities, informed both the mission and design plans of the project. Given that White Lake is majority white and wealthy residents, it became clear that our project needs to do significant outreach to other Detroit-metro areas communities to pursue our goals of improving accessibility to natural areas and recreation, as well as increasing the diversity of frequent park goers. Given the site’s distance from many of these communities, there will be a shuttle system that works with local community centers to bring individuals to and from the recreation area without the use of single occupancy vehicles.

There will also be programs for carpooling and other ride-share alternatives to mitigate the environmental footprint of people commuting to the site and achieving the LBC goals of Human Scaled Living. These programs will also increase accessibility for individuals looking for affordable transportation options or who do not have a car.

Energy Petal Firstly, we will use materials that are locally sourced, meaning that those materials will have lower embodied carbon. We will also mainly be using timber, a carbon-sequestering material. As for the energy production on the building, we will have South-facing solar panels on the eastern-most volume of the building and an extensive battery system to store excess energy generation. The South-facing windows will allow for plenty of natural lighting, while the awning over the windows will help to provide shade from overly intense sun in the summer.

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Given that our site is a clearing of trees, it will receive plenty of sunlight and be able to power all of the building's needs, mostly lights and water heating. For any excess heating and cooling needed, we will use gray water for our geothermal heating system, pumping water through ceilings and floors to keep the building warm during the colder months and cool during the hotter months.

We will have an electric bus shuttle service to Taur-Ando Post, which will reduce individual carbon emissions.

Water Petal In order to meet the requirement of one-hundred percent of the project’s water needs being captured precipitation, we will use harvested rainwater. The slope on the sawtooth roof allows water to fall into the divots across and along the roof which then streams into the water collection tanks, which are 25 gallons each. Part of the water will be treated as potable water, and the rest will be used for flushing / irrigation. Water that has already been used in the showers and sinks will be re-used to flush toilets. Water bottle stations will be placed around the building to encourage reusable water bottles. The gray and black water will each have their own storage and treatment after usage.

Happiness and Health Petal The intent of the Taur-Ando Post community to connect individuals to the benefits of spending time outdoors through outdoor recreation, aligns at its core with the Health and Happiness petal of the Living Building Challenge. The physical building fosters this connection through its multifunctional gathering spaces, large windows overlooking the lake and forest, gear storage center, and more. Further, the rooftop “playground” designed for adults and children alike, will draw all building dwellers outdoors during warmer months. Additionally, the cleaning protocols, finishes, and furniture in the buildings will be free of toxic chemicals that could adversely affect human or environmental health.

The fully operable windows and doors in each room will provide dwellers with a view of the surrounding nature as well as the opportunity to control the ventilation throughout the buildings. Given that this building exists for the main purpose of inspiring people to get outdoors, the design and material decisions made throughout this process have been made to promote human health and well-being to their utmost capacity.

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Materials Petal The building materials have been intentionally sourced from local manufacturers, salvaged, or chosen for their sustainable properties. All of the wood used for Taur-Ando Post’s construction is FSC certified or salvaged material. More than 20 percent of the materials used, including rocks, insulation, and windows are sourced from manufacturing sites within 500 kilometers of the construction site and 70 percent of the materials are sourced within 1000 kilmoters. All of the materials avoid the Red List chemicals.

Taur-Ando Post also exhibits net positive waste though its use of reusing items such as excess bark from lumber cuts in interior wall designs as well as foam and insulation that have been salvaged from previously demolished buildings.

More detailed information about building materials can be found in following Building Details section.

Beauty Beauty is an important part of Taur-Ando Post because it focuses on having a place where creativity and delight can flourish. The space will be aesthetically pleasing to look at and focus on natural beauty of the surroundings.

Incorporating elements of nature is key because that way it can blend in better with the area and live in one with nature. Beauty is important for Taur-Ando because it can boost morale and make people feel good about themselves and their surroundings. It can also make a space more inviting and welcoming, which can encourage people to visit and spend time there.

Beauty also helps capture the spirit of things that humans value such as joy, pride, and love. This is featured by the way that Taur-Ando is designed by the space layout, natural lighting, and local art.

Equity One of Taur-Ando Post’s goals is to promote an inclusive environment where individuals of diverse backgrounds feel welcomed and invited to participate in the space. The space is committed to providing a safe and welcoming space for all people, regardless of their race, ethnicity, gender, religion or age. It will focus on promoting human dignity so that everyone in the space has the ability to flourish. An important part of equity is that this building will serve as a public good that anyone is able to enjoy.

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One of our primary goals is to increase the diversity of outdoor spaces and access to various sports since this is a barrier for many people. This space will give people the opportunity to participate in activities that they wouldn’t have had access to before. We also plan to make this space very accessible to everyone so they can participate in various indoor and outdoor activities regardless of ability or disability. An example of this would be ramps, handicapped features, and adaptive sports opportunities. The roof ADA-compliant roof with slip-resistant features so that everyone is able to enjoy this space and surroundings.

Moreover, Taur-Ando Post also seeks to promote a sense of community. This goal is essential to its mission because it allows for people to interact with one another and build relationships. Furthermore, by promoting a sense of community, the post also creates an environment where people feel comfortable and are more likely to participate in the space. One way that Taur-Ando Post promotes a sense of community is by providing a space for people to interact with one another. The post provides a place for people to come together outside of their normal communities. It also allows for people to build relationships with one another and learn more about each other and the natural world. Furthermore, Taur-Ando Post will also host events and activities that allow people to interact with one another. These events and activities provide people with an opportunity to build relationships and learn more about each other.

Figure 4 - Rendered arial view of Taur-Ando Post

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Calendar Taur-Ando Post will be a year round community. In the summer months, community members will enjoy outdoor activities on the land and trails surrounding the building, as well as time spent gathering on the rooftop lounge, atrium, outdoor kitchen and more. In the winter, community members will enjoy winter sports that encourage time spent outdoors despite the cold temperatures. The building will be heated using geothermal and solar heat, allowing for the indoor classes and events to persist comfortably throughout the year.

Activities Taur-Ando Post provides communities with endless opportunities and activities throughout the entire year. There will be access to indoor multipurpose facilities for educational purposes including classes, events, field trips, and so on. Not only will Taur-Ando Post provide these spaces for education and events, but many recreational activities will also be available to anyone in the community. In the summer months, there will be activities such as hiking, biking, canoeing, fishing, outdoor calisthenics, and so on. The rooftop lounge will also be available for gatherings and enjoying the warm weather. During the colder months, opportunities for outdoor recreation do not slow down. The frozen lake allows for ice fishing and ice skating, and cross country skiing, snowshoeing, and hiking will also be available. Furthermore, Taur-Ando Post will ensure that outdoor activities are accessible and adaptive to all, no matter the circumstances.

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Figure 5 - Rendered Quenya

Figure 6 - Rendered southern view

Figure 7 - Rendered ADA certified ramp

Figure 8 - Rendered outdoor cooking space

Figure 9 - Rendered inside of Quenya

Figure 10 - Rendered water tanks

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BUILDING DETAILS

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COMMUNITY OVERVIEW Summary of Features General Design Features The design of Taur-Ando focuses on harnessing Passive Wind and Solar capabilities for user comfort. Through the use of South-facing windows the interior of the structure is illuminated with Passive Lighting. The strategic use of partition walls and clerestory windows allows for the Passive Lighting to leak through most of the space in order to minimize the use of electrical lighting.

Moreover, the spacing between the West and East volumes of Taur-Ando create an intimate courtyard space that is flooded with natural lighting. The courtyard maintains continuous transitions between indoor and outdoor, as well as maintaining an opening for the natural light to reach the North volume without being blocked. This ensures maximum use of Passive Lighting in all three volumes. Nonetheless, Passive Solar features not only contribute to interior lighting, but can provide thermal heating, and on the East volume harvest the Solar Energy, convert, and store for conditional winter heating and lighting.

The North volume is designed with a Saw-tooth Roof and a South-facing barn door for maximum passive lighting as well. The Saw-tooth Roof is featuring an offset Rain-catching Divot that directs the rainfall from the sloped Saw-tooth Roof into two water tanks. These water tanks provide water that is used on either side of the North volume as outdoor showers and equipment cleaning hoses. Furthermore, the West Volume is designed to embrace Passive Wind through Cross Ventilation. On both the West and East sides of the volume envelope there are barn doors placed that can be opened to maximize wind and light at the leisure of the user. On the East volume an ADA accessible ramp ensures an inclusive experience to the rooftop terraces on both the West and East volumes connected by a spanning bridge.

Natural Features Along the pathways around Taur-Ando Post, visitors can find many fruit-bearing plants native to Michigan such as apple trees, cherry trees, low sweet blueberry bushes, and huckleberry bushes. Providing these will allow visitors to engage with nature while also learning about Michigan’s native fruits. Rain gardens will also be located at various areas around the building’s footpaths as an educational component about Michigan’s native plants. The plants included in these gardens will include bee balm, aster, coneflowers, big bluestem, and boneset, among others.

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Materials The materials used at Taur-Ando Post are primarily locally sourced or post-consumer and renewable in efforts to lower the building’s carbon footprint.

Firstly, timber is a primary material throughout the building and is implemented in the building through cross-laminated timber construction. The building utilizes wood cut down for restoration efforts in and around Highland, including buckthorn and honeysuckle. For purposes where these invasive species cannot be used in construction, wood is sourced from Bear Creek Logging in Gulliver, Michigan. This company, though not exactly local to Highland with being 325 miles away, is FSC certified and follows sustainable protocols in their practices as closely as possible. Wood sourced from here includes maple, oak, white pine, and cedar.

Rocks are another material widely used in the construction of Taur-Ando Post.

Limestone is the main type of rock in the building and is used in the flooring, walls, and roof. The limestone used at Taur-Ando post is sourced from the closest quarry to the site, Carmeuse River Rouge Operations in Detroit, Michigan.

This is 48 miles from Highland, Michigan.

Next, Taur-Ando Post utilizes cork in its flooring and partly in its insulation.

Though cork comes from the Mediterranean region, it is an incredibly sustainable material. A cork tree can be harvested of its bark up to twenty times and cork oak forests are well protected. Cork as a material is a natural fire retardant and insulator.

The main type of wall insulation at Taur-Ando Post is cellulose. The insulation will be sourced from Applegate Manufacturers in Webberville, Michigan, which is 35 miles away from Highland. Applegate Manufacturers is specifically skilled in cellulose insulation, and sourcing directly from the manufacturer prevents any carbon costs involved in transporting the cellulose product to a retailer like Home Depot.

Finally, the windows at Taur-Ando Post will be sourced from Alside, a glass manufacturing company in Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio. Alside is the closest glass manufacturer from Highland, Michigan. Like the cellulose insulation, the windows are being sourced directly from the manufacturer to minimize carbon costs from traveling the product to a retailer before it comes to the construction site.

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Figure 11 - Rendered highlight of materials

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Uniqueness There are many ways that Taur-Ando is unique. The building was designed to encompass the natural beauty of the surroundings and bring in elements of nature. One of the goals is to protect the unique resources in the area and work with the land. The building is designed to have a small ecological footprint and to be a model for sustainable design. The materials will all be locally sourced or recycled materials. The structure will be built with timber, the floors will be cork, and the insulation will be cellulose. These materials were chosen because they have lower environmental footprints.

Likewise, the building has been designed for energy efficiency. It has a high performance building envelope and uses solar power and Tesla battery storage.

The ventilation system will also allow users to control the temperature and airflow in the building. The sawtooth style roof allows for a rainwater harvesting system that captures rainwater to be used for other purposes.

There are also many ways that Taur-Ando is different from past developments.

One of the goals is to create a community that is designed around the community members. There are no master plans or strict regulations. All of the members of the community are partners in the development of the community.

The Taur-Ando building was designed to be an interactive space for students to learn about the environment and for the community to gather.

The community is also designed to be very open and welcoming. It is designed to be a safe and secure place to visit. The building is also designed to be flexible and adaptable. The interior spaces can be reconfigured to meet the changing needs of the community by being multifunctional spaces. The rooms were selected to focus on promoting the people in the community’s overall well-being and be a year round community for all of the seasons. The exterior spaces can also be used for a variety of purposes such as events, farmers markets, and community gatherings.

Taur-Ando has been designed to be accessible to people of all abilities. The roof allows for a place for socialization and is ADA-compliant. There are wide hallways and doorways and all of the bathrooms are wheelchair accessible. Our goal is to be as inclusive as possible.

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Site Plan & Isometric Veiws

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Michigan expands recreation industry with Detroit outdoor. (n.d.). Retrieved April 21, 2022, from https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/articles/2018-07-27/michigan-expa nds-recreationIndustry-with-detroit-outdoor-adventure-center Michigan Radio | By Kaye LaFond. (2019, June 3). Tribal citizens say harassment affects how they hunt, fish. Michigan Radio. Retrieved April 21, 2022, from https://www.michiganradio.org/environment-science/2019-05-30/tribal-citizenssay-harassment-affects-how-they-hunt-fish

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Mills, J. E. (2022, January 26). In Michigan, making the outdoors more accessible to people of color. Travel. Retrieved April 19, 2022, from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/in-michigan-making-the-out doors-more-accessible-to-people-of-color Nargis Rahman |Friday, O. 30, & By, S. (n.d.). Making Parks and green spaces easier to access for Detroiters. Second Wave Michigan. Retrieved April 21, 2022, from https://www.secondwavemedia.com/features/detroit-parks-mnrtf-series-19.asp x New push to make Michigan's outdoors more inviting to people of color. Bridge Michigan. (n.d.). Retrieved April 21, 2022, from https://www.bridgemi.com/michigan-environment-watch/new-push-make-michig ans-outdoors-more-inviting-people-color Paul, C. N. (2011). General Management Plan: Highland Recreation Area. .

Retrieved from https://www.michigan.gov/-/media/Project/Websites/dnr/Documents/PRD/MgtP lans/Highland_Phase1_GMP.pdf?rev=ebdb09a8c9fe474585304454b55070f7 Race and ethnicity in Michigan (state). The Demographic Statistical Atlas of the United States - Statistical Atlas. (n.d.). Retrieved April 19, 2022, from https://statisticalatlas.com/state/Michigan/Race-and-Ethnicity Rowland-Shea, et al. (2021, January 26). The Nature Gap. Center for American Progress. Retrieved April 19, 2022, from https://www.americanprogress.org/article/the-nature-gap/ School districts. White Lake Township MI. (n.d.). Retrieved April 21, 2022, from https://www.whitelaketwp.com/community/page/school-districts Top 10 Types of Stone Used for Building Constructions (n.d.). In George Design Construction. Retrieved from https://georgebuildings.com/top-10-stone-types-used-for-building-constructions / Whiting Forest of Dow Gardens. Dow Gardens. (2022, April 12). Retrieved April 21, 2022, from https://dowgardens.org/forest/

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