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Language Learning Strategies and Multilingualism
Table of contents List of abbreviations.............................................................................................................................14 List of tables and figures ......................................................................................................................15 List of appendices .................................................................................................................................16 1.
Introduction ....................................................................................................................19
2.
Theoretical background of language learning strategies............................................26 2.1. Theories of general learning..........................................................................................26 2.2. Language Acquisition theories ......................................................................................30 2.3. Second Language Acquisition (SLA) theories ...............................................................31 2.4. Models of cognitive views of second/foreign language learning...............................36 2.5. The ‘Good language learner’ studies .............................................................................39 2.6. The concept of autonomy .............................................................................................. 44 2.7. The concept of self-regulation.......................................................................................46 Summary.......................................................................................................................................52
3.
Language learning strategies overview ........................................................................53 3.1. Definitions of language learning strategies..................................................................53 3.2. Classifications of language learning strategies ............................................................58 3.2.1. Language learning versus language use strategies controversy.........................63 3.2.2. LLS terminology issues ...........................................................................................65 3.3. Methods of assessing language learning strategies .....................................................68 Summary.......................................................................................................................................72
4.
Factors influencing language learning strategy use....................................................74 4.1. Age....................................................................................................................................75 4.2. Gender..............................................................................................................................77 4.3. Learner’s language proficiency level ............................................................................79 4.4. Motivation to learn a language...................................................................................... 84 4.5. Learners’ beliefs about language learning....................................................................87 4.6. Characteristics of the learner ........................................................................................89 4.7. Cultural background .......................................................................................................91 4.8. Situational and social context........................................................................................93 4.9. Language being learned .................................................................................................94 4.10. Type of the language learning task............................................................................96 4.11. Career orientation and/or field of specialization.....................................................97 4.12. Language teaching methods.......................................................................................98 4.13. Type of strategy training ............................................................................................99 4.14. Degree of metacognitive awareness ........................................................................102 4.15. Prior language learning experience ........................................................................104 Summary.....................................................................................................................................107
5.
Multilingualism .............................................................................................................109 Definitions and terminology........................................................................................110
5.1.