4. involves testing random samples of the end product from a process to determine if the process is churning out items within the predetermined range. Organizational leaming Statistical process control Cyclical strategic scheduling Event simulation 5. Utilization is the ratio between the actual amount of time a resource is activated for and the total amount of time the resource is available for use. Utilization Lead time Service rate Pacing 6. The manager of a shop floor schedules production based on the equipment that are used in the process as a key resource. In this case. the manager is most likely using a backward scheduling forward scheduling machine-limited process labor-limited process 7 Define lead time. It is the time required to achieve high customer service with minimum levels of inventory investment.