Other Reviews • Washington State Institute for Public Policy (2009) ‒ Strict criteria for considering evidence ‒ Reduces estimated effects for weaker studies ‒ Found only 6 programs that improved graduation rates and only significant effects were for alternative education programs (Career Academies) • Campbell Collaboration (2011) ‒ More inclusive criteria for considering evidence ‒ Found many more studies that had positive impacts on dropout, enrollment, graduation, and completion ‒ Average program effect reduced dropout rates by 8 percentage points 32