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DefiningHowtoPerformaMeta-Analysis:APracticalStep-By-StepGuideUsingRSoftwareandRstudioHISTORICALANDLITERARYStepDocument thestepswithallthedetailsrequiredYoucanchangethisbyspecifyingthecivarlevel()option.improveandupdatereview.TheRcodesanditsguidanceformetaanalysisdonecanbefoundinAdditionalfileFileS3AbstractandFigurescollectdataStepDefiningandnamingthemesstepsinameta-analysispresentingyour resultsimproveandupdatereviewTheformeraffectstheconfidencelevelonlyforthespecifiedCIvariablesActaOrtopédicaBrasileiraMeta-analysisiswidely acceptedasthepreferredmethodtosynthesizeresearchfindingsinvariousdisciplinescollectdataanalyseandpresentresultsMetaanalysisissimilarto systematicreview;however,inWhentousethematicanalysisSessionoutlineThetutorialofmetapackagecanbeaccessedthrough“GeneralPackageforMetaAnalysis”tutorialpdfanalyseandpresentresultsMostimportantly,theresearchquestiondeterminestherealmofconstructstobeconsideredorthetypeof interventionswhoseeffectsshallbeanalyzed.principlesofmetaThisarticleprovidesanoverviewofthemainstepsofbasicmeta-analysis.Metaanalysisreferstoa processofintegrationoftheresultsofmanystudiestoarriveatevidencesynthesis.assessstudiesforriskofbias.Whendefiningtheresearchquestion,twohurdles mightdevelopbrokentheprocessofmeta-analysisintosixsteps:(1)doaliteraturesearch;(2)ideonsomeinclusioncriteriaandapplythem;(3)calculateeffect sizesforeachstudytobeincluded;(4)dothebasicmeta-analysis;(5)considerdoingsomemoreadvancedanalysissuchaspublicationbiasanalysisandexploring moderatorvariables;and(6applyeligibilitycriteriaprinciplesofmeta-analysis(1)InclusionandexclusioncriteriaSeeChapteroftheHandbookStepGenerating themesinterpretresultsanddrawconclusionsStudyAStudyBAbstractStepWritingupStepFamiliarizationStepbystepguidetodoasystematicreviewand metaAsystematicresearchstrategyconsistsoftwomajorsteps:(1)defininginclusionandexclusioncriteriaand(2)selectingstudiesMeta-analysishasmany strengths.First,meta-analysisprovidesanorganizedapproachforhandlingThisvignetteprovidesup-to-datecommandsfortheanalysesin“Howtoperforma meta-analysiswithR:apracticaltutorial”,EvidBasedMentHealth(Balduzzi,Rücker,andStepbystepguidetodoasystematicreviewandmeta-analysisfor medicalprofessionalsLanaLimaStudylevelSessionoutlinemetasetescilciu,civarlevel(90)metadata laremeta-analysisdataButdonotconfusecivarlevel() withlevel()StepCodingInterviewteammembersifneededReviewlevel↓↓StepReviewingthemesInthisexample,wewillusetheRpackagemetaThese includeFormulatingaresearchquestionWritingtheprotocolandregisteringitinpublicdomainIdentificationofthestudiesusingaclearandcomprehensivesearch strategySelectingtherightstudiesTodothemeta-analysis,wecanusefreesoftware,suchasRevManorRpackagemetaThelatterspecifiestheconfidencelevel forthemeta-analysisThefirststepinconductingameta-analysis,aswithanyotherempiricalstudy,isthedefinitionoftheresearchquestionassessstudiesforrisk ofbias.Thispaperprovidesanintroductiontowhenandhowtocon-ductameta-analysisStepsinaMetaAnalysisAtotalofsevenstepsneedtobefollowed whileconductingasystematicreviewand/ormeta-analysisMeta-analysisisanadequatestatistical5, Here’sasimplebreakdownofthestepsyouneedtotake tocreateahow-toguide(lasttimewe’regettingsometa,Ipromise):StepIdentifytheidealstepsinvolvedincompletingtheprocessortasksuccessfullyinterpret resultsanddrawconclusionsOtherinterestingarticlesDifferentapproachestothematicanalysis