In Field Focus - ISSUE 24

ISSUE 24 SPRING/SUMMER 2026

BALANCING CROP ECONOMICS WITH YIELD Cereal economics are tight, but it is important to deal with the yield threats in front of us to make the most of crop potential.

So says ProCam technical manager for the North of England, Nigel Scott (pictured) – not least because he is witnessing some of the highest winter cereal disease pressures seen in the last 30 years.

“Crops very much need managing on an individual field basis,” says Nigel. “Early drilling and the mild, wet winter have created forward winter wheat crops plus high Septoria tritici pressure, even in varieties with reasonable resistance.”

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IN THIS ISSUE

AUTUMN OILSEED OPTIONS SWEETENING BEET MANAGING MAIZE

(mefentrifluconazole + sulphur), partly because both active ingredients have Ramularia activity, he notes.

“Winter wheat is also forward, with Septoria evident. As well as T1 and T2 management, T3 will need to be suitably robust to maintain protection through our long grainfilling period.

“With reduced demand for spring malting barley, there’s likely to be more grown for feed. If pursuing yield to make up for the lack of malting premium, you can’t forego disease control, nor nutrition, particularly on continuous spring barley land where zinc, manganese and magnesium are often low.”

YR15 yellow rust resistance gene breakdown hit harder in the North (Yorkshire – left image) than further South (Herefordshire – right image), last season says Nigel Scott, but this year growers everywhere need to be aware of the risks

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NORTH EAST

SCOTLAND

Nigel says T1 is pivotal for halting Septoria before it has chance to reach yield-building flag leaves, but it is also important to protect fungicide performance against resistance.

“For high Septoria pressure, we can help design a robust, practical, yet costeffective T1 strategy. One that is SDHI and prothioconazole-free – allowing these to be reserved for T2 – and which includes fungicides with different modes of action, and a multi-site, which will protect all these modes of action and improve the overall performance of the T1.”

As well as Septoria, Nigel’s other big concern is yellow rust. “The breakdown of the YR15 gene last season was a step change for the disease. To see the resistance of so many varieties fall is rare.

Some with an 8 or 9 rating tumbled rapidly.

“Also, winter temperatures weren’t cold enough to kill off infected leaves, so yellow rust appeared unusually early this year. It will be imperative to take account of this risk in fungicide programmes.”

Winter barley is also forward, says Nigel, and net blotch, Rhynchosporium, brown rust and mildew are all risks, while forward winter oilseed rape (WOSR) drilled in July and August will need managing differently to crops drilled in September. “Savings by reducing nitrogen (N) on forward WOSR provides an opportunity to redirect this investment to protecting crop yields in other ways.”

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Agronomists report Septoria lurking in crops up and down the country after the wet winter, with T1 a key timing to keep it in check

Autumn crops are forward, so have good potential, especially winter oilseed rape, says Aberdeenshirebased Chris Bumford

Aberdeenshire agronomist Chris Bumford says everyone is asking how to reduce costs. While exploring ways to do this, he says excessive skimping will ultimately cost yield.

“Autumn crops are forward so have good potential, especially WOSR. It’s been free of disease through winter despite the wet weather, which is a testament to Phoma fungicides having worked so well.

“Light leaf spot and Sclerotinia management are next on the list, with two Sclerotinia sprays often needed here because of the extended flowering. A lot of growers in Aberdeenshire are on virgin OSR ground, so should be aiming towards 4-5t/ha.”

Chris says cost-effective fungicides to protect the potential of forward winter barley crops are essential. For T2, he is considering new fungicide Revytur

WEST Herefordshire agronomist Jamie Hughes is keeping a close eye on yellow rust as the disease drifted into the region’s crops towards the end of last season, which could pose problems earlier than expected this year.

“The YR15 breakdown requires close monitoring and tight applications. We’ve seen some early carryover in several varieties already this spring. T1 and T2 will be a crossroads for management.

“Alternating chemistry to reduce fungicide resistance for Septoria control is planned and I’ll be considering multi-sites. There’s a lot of Septoria around, which needs managing with the season and changing weather.”

Jamie says lodging remains a concern due to big, early planted crops, with plant growth regulators (PGRs) planned for T1.

“Overwintering gout fly larvae hammered tillers in several winter wheat crops during early spring, but early nutrition should allow crops to recover.”

One crop that has been a concern in the wet conditions is winter beans. “I’ve seen some horrendous chocolate spot.

This risk is likely to force an earlier start to bean fungicide programmes to clean up crops before flowering. It may also require an additional pass to keep on top of the worst areas,” Jamie adds.

Justin will be inspecting crops for Septoria and yellow rust before planning T1 applications and tailoring fungicides to control the most prevalent of the disease pressures at the time.

“If Septoria pressure is high and the primary focus, then Inconiq (fenpicoxamid) will be the foundation due to the molecule’s strong Septoria activity. Whereas if yellow rust pressure is of equal concern as Septoria, I’ll look at Vimoy (isoflucypram) and Cello (prothioconazole, tebuconazole and spiroxamine), bolstered with a multi-site.”

“There’s also plenty of light leaf spot in WOSR and managing big canopies will be a challenge. Applications of Toprex plus prothioconazole will top up leaf spot control and manipulate canopy layers to encourage even branching. Plant populations are very good and the addition of Canola Bio at 3l/ha will provide boron and molybdenum.”

NORTH WALES

Justin says strong autumn planting has reduced the spring-sown area, and with little appetite for spring barley or oats, spring beans have been attractive as a potentially lower input option.

SOUTH WEST Jamie Hughes says careful management of yellow rust this season is required after the disease drifted into crops towards the end of last season

SOUTH EAST

Maintaining tight spray intervals will be key to keeping disease under control, says James Lewis, who advises growers across Dorset, Somerset and Wiltshire, with yellow rust pressure following the YR15 breakdown top of his watch list.

“Application timing will be crucial,” he says.

“High disease pressure means we must maintain the three-week gap between spray timings.”

If T0 fungicides are applied early due to yellow rust, and T1 sprays brought forward to maintain spray intervals, he says this can mean an additional T1.5 fungicide might be required to continue yellow rust control.

“There’s less confidence that adult plant resistance is going to hold in high-risk varieties this spring. I’ve already seen active yellow rust in Extase, Palladium, Dawsum, Champion and Graham.

Spring started relatively mildly across North Wales, with crops generally forward for the time of year. However, mild winters rarely remove disease pressure, and agronomist Merfyn Parry is monitoring yellow rust closely in susceptible varieties and sheltered fields. Septoria levels remain variable, he says, so field-by-field assessment is essential.

“T1 remains the cornerstone spray for strong Septoria protection, with continued rust vigilance and correct timings based on growth stage rather than calendar date.

T2 will be the main yield-protecting timing, particularly if we move into warm, showery weather.

Effective communication between agronomist and grower is critical to manage risks this season and ensure crop potential is realised, advises Justin Smith

“Focusing on maize preparation; seedbed conditions, appropriate variety choice, starter fertiliser and early weed control decisions, will all contribute to better establishment and ultimately better forage quality.

Frothy and bubbling over is how South East agronomist Justin Smith describes most of his crops, but that as-yet unrealised potential needs careful management.

“Appetite for expenditure on cereal crops is low, but we don’t want crops to fall at the first hurdle. This is where effective communication between agronomist and grower will be required to manage inputs effectively.”

Getting seedbed conditions, variety choice, starter fertiliser and early weed control decisions right will all contribute to better maize crops, says Merfyn Parry

James Lewis says there may be a case for considering a T1.5 to keep on top of yellow rust pressure

“We’re also seeing increased interest in environmental cropping, including Field Options Celtic Herbal with/without chicory, as Welsh farms adapt to evolving support frameworks and sustainability expectations.”

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FOCUS ON BEET NUTRITION Also important for giving beet the best start and healthy growth, says Jim, is correct nutrition. Macronutrient needs are well known, but do not neglect micronutrients and biostimulants, he urges.

“Beet tends to suffer from manganese deficiency. So I typically apply manganese and magnesium early. If boron wasn’t in the base fertiliser, it’s usually also needed. Then I feed with magnesium through the season.

SWEETENING THE ODDS FOR BETTER BEET Jim Nutting says he finds sugar beet responds well to a biostimulant.

Main image: sugar beet after receiving Zodiac biostimulant.

Inset: same crop 8 days earlier around the time of application.

With sugar beet price not overly exciting, getting agronomy just right to maximise output and tip the balance further to profitability will be key.

That is the message from ProCam’s sugar and fodder beet technical manager, Jim Nutting, who says growing beet is a welltrodden path. But there are agronomic tweaks that can help improve profitability, he says, not least this season against several possible threats.

“Potentially the biggest threat is virus yellows,” says Jim. “The BBRO forecast has put the risk as higher than last year in the East and North. With neonicotinoid seed treatment not available, the crop will be more exposed to the aphid-borne virus.”

Locally, Jim urges growers to be extra vigilant with beet crops planted after latedestroyed cover crops, or near to late-lifted beet crops, as both harbour overwintered aphids.

“Another key consideration is crop size.

Before 12 leaves, beet is more susceptible to virus yellows. So later-drilled crops that are still small when aphids arrive are at greater risk.

“If the technique of drilling beet into sacrificial rows of spring barley is used,

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this can buy some time as aphids seem to prefer the barley. But the barley must be removed at 2-3 leaves to avoid it outcompeting the beet.

“Chemically, I tend not to use pyrethroid aphicides because of resistance. But there are good, non-pyrethroid options, allowing varied modes of action. They’re not all approved in both sugar beet and fodder beet, and I save those that are kinder to beneficial organisms to when beneficials are about. So seek guidance on which to use when.”

“I also find beet responds well to a biostimulant. It helps to get the crop growing but also tends to improve it through the season. Zodiac is my benchmark – it contains seaweed extract and amino acids for reducing crop stress.

“Beet can get stressed by cold spells, herbicides or drought. So I often suggest three spring applications, then another with the first fungicide, typically late July, when crops can be coming back under stress.”

DISEASE Turning to disease threats to beet margins, Jim says, besides mildew and rust, an emerging risk is Cercospora. A problem in Europe, there are concerns the UK has developed a strain adapted to our climate, he says, and concerns about fungicide resistance.

“Cercospora thrives in warm, humid conditions, including foggy weather or dews. Sign-up to BBRO’s Cercospora Watch for text alerts on the disease.

Fortunately, some fungicides active against powdery mildew and rust are also active on Cercospora, but it’s important to choose the correct one and practice resistance management.”

The number of aphicide sprays in programmes will depend on aphid thresholds being reached, says Jim, with lower thresholds in younger crops. “By 16 leaves, plants should be pretty much immune to the virus, but that stage might not be reached until June.

“Also, aphicides usually need dedicated application timings and higher water volumes than herbicides, which is crucial for spray coverage as young beet plants are a small target,” he adds.

Good aphicides are a cost, but some years half the crop could get virus yellows with a yield loss of 30-50%, says Jim Nutting

NUTRIENT TIMING TO THE RHYTHM OF THE BEET

Improving macronutrient availability for sugar beet during its peak growing periods, whilst reducing over-reliance on one type of nutrition, led Matt Murfitt to move from granular to foliar nitrogen to feed his growing sugar beet crops.

Located just 13 miles from the sugar beet factory at Wissington, it’s no surprise that the crop has been grown on Matt’s 200ha farm in Littleport, near Ely, for many decades. However, when fertiliser prices began to rise on the back of the Ukraine war in 2022, Matt wanted another option to the bagged urea he was using.

“We’ve always applied a base fertiliser (1019-30.5) to the seedbed at 300kg/ha three weeks before drilling, and then a starter fertiliser of urea and sulphur at 125kg/ha at pre-emergence to avoid scorching the young plants.

“However, this application was the last nutrition the crop received until it was lifted.

As we saw last year, the weather plays a huge role in fertiliser availability, and I felt crops looked hungry during the prolonged dry period.”

APPLICATION RATES Following conversations with ProCam agronomist Ian Jackson, Matt decided to move away from applying the starter fertiliser of urea and sulphur before emergence, in favour of foliar polymer urea treatment, Pro+ N-Viron PCA, included with the fungicide applications passes later in the season.

This change coincided with the purchase of a 4000-litre Team trailed sprayer, with section control technology and a greater capacity than his previous model.

Application rates and timings of Pro+ N-Viron PCA are dictated by crop progress and requirements, rather than calendar date. “It now feels like we’re applying inputs when the crop requires them,” says Matt.

“This was highlighted last season when the dry spring made granular inputs slow to break down due to a lack of moisture.

In contrast, we applied a liquid to the leaf that the plant can access immediately.

Applying foliar nutrition to a full canopy has offered a better greening effect and healthier crops.”

Matt will aim for two applications of Pro+ N-Viron PCA, included as part of his fungicide applications – the first in July, with the second three and half weeks later – with 10 litres added to each tank mix and applied at 200l/ha.

“We noticed crops were looking hungry in early July, so we applied a slightly higher rate of Pro+ N-Viron PCA at 12 litres to account for the lack of moisture. By hitting the leaf straight away, the crop has instant access, and we noticed much greener crops within days of application, even in the dry conditions.”

The investment in a new trailed sprayer has allowed Matt Murfitt to change his sugar beet nutrition from granular to foliar to feed the growing crop at the right time

Matt grows KWS Conviso Smart Uma and Smart Vesnica across the farm, primarily to reduce weed beet pressure, with average yields of 95t/ha, growing a 2,500t/year quota. Understanding and growing the crop better, along with improved breeding and varieties, has led to yields increasing.

FINANCIAL BENEFITS Financially, Matt indicates the change to the Pro+ N-Viron PCA has also trimmed his expenditure on nutrition, alongside the added flexibility.

“There’s a lot of price uncertainty in the current market and this is one of the reasons why I wanted a different nutrition option. I know the foliar treatment isn’t immune to price rises, but at least I have two options to compare. Over the past few seasons, replacing my granular urea and sulphur application with 20 litres of Pro+ N-Viron PCA, split across two applications, has worked out at £10/ha cheaper.

“Any saving on inputs is welcomed, but only when yield is maintained or improved, and we’re now applying the nutrition when the crop can make the best of it. I’ve also started to reduce granular inputs on my winter wheat and winter barley crops in favour of later foliar inputs,” concludes Matt.

Pro+ N-Viron PCA is delivered in 1000-litre IBC vessels, making it easy for Matt to add the product when loading up fungicide mixes in the sprayer

PRO+ EXCLUSIVELY AT PROCAM The PRO+ range is exclusive to ProCam, bringing together carefully selected nutrition products tailored to growers’ requirements. Developed with leading manufacturers, and underpinned by ProCam agronomy, PRO+ solutions can deliver consistent performance while improving on-farm profitability.

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TWOSTAGE WEED CONTROL ESSENTIAL IN MAIZE A two-stage approach to weed control is essential to maximising maize yields according to ProCam agronomist Justin Smith, who explains that a preemergence application of pendimethalin followed by a two or three-way combination of postemergence active ingredients can make the difference between acceptable and exemplary crop performance.

A 2025 ProCam trial demonstrated the benefit of using a pre-em treatment of pendimethalin. Left: Anthem (400g/l pendimethalin) applied at 2.75l/ha at the pre-emergence timing. Right: no pre-emergence herbicide treatment applied

attention given to the creation of a fine, firm, but not overly compacted seedbed and a greater focus on nutrition including starter fertilisers. Professional maize growers also understand the value of applying a range of herbicides at the preand post-emergence timings.

“But, in a year when there’s much talk about reducing inputs to offset the effects of recent weather patterns and suppressed farm incomes, there’s a danger crops might be subjected to corner cutting. That is a precarious strategy, especially as maize can be so fickle.”

Justin explains that one cost-cutting tactic is to exclude early season weed control.

“Omitting a pre-emergence herbicide can be an easy decision, with growers often reticent to spend any additional money until the crop has fully emerged. But a recent ProCam trial shows that a residual herbicide is vital to producing a high-yielding crop.”

Justin Smith urges maize growers not to cut back on weed control as a pre-emergence herbicide treatment is essential to crop performance

“As recently as a decade ago, growing maize in the UK was much less technically involved,” Justin describes. “Many crops received little agronomic care beyond an application of farm muck and a postemergence herbicide, after which the crop was left to its own devices.

“However, as input costs have increased, and the value of home-grown forage has risen, maize must now produce a much greater yield to cover return on investment.

“As a result, most crops are grown with a professional level of detail, with close

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According to Justin, a pre-emergence application of Anthem (400g/l pendimethalin) is a reliable and costeffective insurance policy against grass weeds and broad-leaved weeds, with trials in 2025 showing that it works well even during a dry year “Using pendimethalin at the pre-emergence timing won’t give 100% control of every weed, but it buys time by holding weeds back,” Justin continues. “And, with the threat of early season weeds reduced, there’ll be less need to rely on a large chemical stack at the post-emergence timing which could put pressure on the crop at a vital time in its development.

There’ll also be less for growers to worry about should the weather take a turn for

the worse as the crop will already have received some protection.”

In terms of post-emergence weed control, Justin recommends using a product with two or three active ingredients. “Spandis (40 g/kg prosulfuron, 400 g/kg dicamba and 100 g/l nicosulfuron) or Dragster (148.15 g/k rimsulfuron and 92.5 g/kg thifensulfuron-methyl) are good options as their multiple active ingredients provides better control of grasses and broad-leaved weeds and reduces the risk of resistance building against any individual chemistry.”

Justin also advocates the use of partner products to improve herbicide efficacy.

“At the pre-emergence timing, an adjuvant like Velomax will enhance the performance of residual chemistry by improving the distribution of the herbicide on the soil surface. It also helps to hold the residual product in the ‘active zone’ for longer during periods of drought or heavy rainfall, ensuring better efficacy and reducing the risk of crop phytotoxicity.”

To improve the performance of post-emergence treatments, Justin recommends a nutrient growth promoter and biostimulant such as Hadron which delivers foliar-applied nitrogen and zinc to to enhance root development, improve nutrient uptake and help the crop grow away from any checking that the herbicide might impart.

“Hadron proved effective during last year’s drought, enabling crops to tolerate the dry conditions more efficiently. It’s another cost-effective way of insuring against environmental stresses, and another tool that growers can use to ensure their forage clamps are adequately stocked.”

OSR REMAINS THE BREAK CROP TO BEAT With OSR prices remaining buoyant and the planted area expected to increase, what are the key considerations for growers as the new cropping cycle approaches?

According to David Ramdhian, ProCam’s head of seed development, oilseed rape is still one of the best break crops as it enables growers to target cereal weeds with a wider choice of herbicides, and because severe chocolate spot infections have brought the viability of beans into doubt.

“With cabbage stem flea beetle (CSFB) presenting a diminished threat during the last two seasons, a significant number of growers have reintroduced OSR,” David explains. “Despite this, plantings remain well below the crop’s heyday, with demand outweighing domestic supply. Prices should therefore remain positive for growers who are willing and able to produce a viable crop.”

Lee Harker, ProCam’s head of combinable seeds, agrees: “The UK is producing less than half of the amount of oilseed required by domestic crushing plants. The market therefore remains strong, but growers have had to adapt to ensure crops deliver a justifiable return on investment.

“More growers are drilling crops according to soil and weather conditions instead of sticking to a specific calendar date,” Lee explains. “They are also side-stepping CSFB damage by drilling early to ensure crops have built a large root mass and thicker stem to enable them to withstand a subsequent influx of CSFB, or later to ensure the main migration has passed before the crop has emerged.

“But we appreciate there’s a price differential between hybrid and conventional varieties, which is why we’re also trialling several conventional options.”

“Either way, adequate soil moisture and temperature are vital for rapid establishment, but so too is variety choice.”

No matter which variety is chosen, seed supply will be finite. “Our recommendation is not to wait until the last minute to order your first choice,” Lee advises. “That said, there aren’t any ‘bad’ varieties any more, and we would never sell one that wasn’t up to the task, but with farm margins so tight, no advantage should be passed over so it makes sense to order early.”

VARIETY CHOICE

COMPANION CROPPING

ProCam has strongly advocated the use of hybrid varieties as their early vigour enables crops to grow away from pigeon and slug grazing and to withstand CSFB damage.

In addition to avoiding peak CSFB migration, there has also been a shift towards the use of companion cropping to reduce pest damage.

“We still stand by that philosophy,” David continues, “which is why our number one recommendation for the coming season is Magelan. As an AHDB recommended hybrid it’s got all the traits required to be successful, including high oil content, good resistance to pod shatter, and the ability to endure against Turnip Yellows Virus and RLM7 phoma. Growers reported good results last year, and it has impressed in ProCam’s own trials where it performed better than alternatives.”

“It’s not just CSFB that companion cropping works against. It’s also an effective way of mitigating pigeon and slug damage,” David adds. “And, for those with an agreement in place, there’s the added advantage of securing an SFI payment.”

“Magelan is a good option for early or late drilling,” Lee adds. “Its hybrid genetics ensure it starts to grow as soon as it’s in the ground, and it also possesses strong spring vigour so it will kick back into action as soon as soils start to warm.

Magalan (left) is ProCam’s recommended OSR variety this year. Its hybrid vigour enhances early season growth compared to previous favourite, Areti (right)

ProCam is assessing the performance of several OSR varieties as part of its variety screening programme

For 2026, ProCam has developed its own range of companion seed mixtures.

“These include two mixtures which contain fenugreek which emits a garlic-like odour to deter CSFB, and buckwheat which grows quickly to shield young seedlings from incoming beetles,” David describes. “We’ve also developed SFI mixtures which use radish and mustard in varying quantities to control nematodes, and clovers, lupins, phacelia and linseed to build fertility, feed beneficial insects, outcompete weeds and improve soil condition.”

For more information about ProCam’s range of cover crops, visit the ProCam website to download the 2026 Field Options Performance Seeds Guide

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WEBINAR HIGHLIGHTS PRACTICAL FIELDSENSE ADVANTAGES A recent ProCam webinar demonstrated how the online platform works along with real-life examples of how growers are benefiting.

“Good agronomy is the foundation of FieldSense,” explained ProCam agronomist, Harry James, “and solving variability across fields relies on data from soil structure, nutrient status, drainage maps, and inputs.

We then work in partnership with growers to get the best solutions and outcomes.”

Viewers were shown how to create a variable rate application (VRA) nitrogen plan using the online FieldSense platform, including adding a new grid over the aerial field image, setting boundaries and inputting the correct grid dimensions.

Agronomist Nigel Scott demonstrated using an NDVI satellite image to evaluate crop biomass, but stated that ground truthing these images is essential to ensure accuracy.

“Crop biomass varies across the field and the different colours indicate how much nitrogen the crop has consumed.

Understanding the differences can help reduce lodging and improve crop quality.

However, this can’t be done from a desk and requires crop walking fields to evaluate any uncertain areas.”

AGRONOMIST KNOWLEDGE

UPLOADING TO MACHINES

Harry highlighted a VRA plan he’d been involved in building for a Cambridgeshire grower following a field corner on the NDVI image that indicated a high nitrogen dose due to poor crop coverage.

Nigel also demonstrated the process of importing the data to a John Deere Starfire Generation 4 screen via a USB. Desktopbased interfaces, such as John Deere Operations Centre, can also be used to send the VRA files directly to the machine.

“Following ground truthing, we discovered this corner was a lush crop and required a significantly lower dose based on the green area index, and the issue was a cloud that obscured the NDVI image. This is why ground truthing and working in partnership with the grower can reduce errors whilst saving time and money.”

The webinar also covered variable rate drilling, available through the FieldSense platform. Harry said big improvements can be made to reduce crop variability and, in some cases, he’s seen a 100kg/ha difference in seed rates, while tiller numbers and end yield of the two areas remain the same.

He highlighted how quickly the data can be put into practice. “After walking crops in County Durham checking growth stage and crop health, I altered the VRA plans using FieldSense to reflect what I’d found.

By the afternoon, the grower was applying nitrogen using these recommendations.”

The webinar highlighted the simple process of creating variable rate application maps that can be sent to the tractor.

SAVE THE DATES! PROCAM 2026 OPEN DAYS ProCam will be holding three open days this summer to provide attendees with information on the latest variety choices, disease monitoring, in-house trial work including cover crop options and alternative nutrition strategies.

THE EVENTS ARE TAKING PLACE AT: • Ickleton, Tuesday 16th June • Hereford, Thursday 18th June • Cawood, Thursday 25th June

FOR MORE INFO PROCAM.CO.UK OR CALL 01954 712150

ProCam UK Limited 2030 Cambourne Business Park, Cambourne, Cambridge, CB23 6DW

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