204
E. Salmo, N. Haboubi
Patients with Carcinoma of the Anus. 2010 [cited 2010 15th October ]; Available from: http: //www. cap.org/apps/docs/committees/cancer/cancer_protocols/2009/Anus_09protocol.pdf. 25. Hill J, Meadows H, Haboubi N et al.: Pathological staging of epidermoid anal carcinoma for the new era. Colorectal Dis 2003 May; 5(3): 20613. 26. Sobin L GM, Wittekind C: International Union Against Cancer; TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours. Anal canal 7th ed. Oxford, UK: Wileyblackwell, A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., ; 2009. 27. Levy R, Czernobilsky B, Geiger B: Cytokeratin polypeptide expression in a cloacogenic carcinoma and in the normal anal canal epithelium. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol 1991; 418(5): 44755. 28. Papillon J, Mayer M, Montbarbon JF et al.: A new approach to the management of epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal. Cancer 1983 May 15; 51(10): 1830-37. 29. van der Wal BC, Cleffken BI, Gulec B et al.: Results of salvage abdominoperineal resection for recurrent anal carcinoma following combined chemoradiation therapy. J Gastrointest Surg 2001 Jul-Aug; 5(4): 383-87. 30. Ajani JA, Winter KA, Gunderson LL et al.: Prognostic factors derived from a prospective database dictate clinical biology of anal cancer: the intergroup trial (RTOG 98-11). Cancer 2010 Sep 1; 116(17): 4007-13. 31. Luna-Perez P, Fernandez A, Labastida S et al.: Patterns of recurrence in squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal. Arch Med Res 1995 Autumn; 26(3): 213-19. 32. Ellenhorn JD, Enker WE, Quan SH: Salvage abdominoperineal resection following combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy for epidermoid carcinoma of the anus. Ann Surg Oncol 1994 Mar; 1(2): 105-10. 33. Bartelink H, Roelofsen F, Eschwege F et al.: Concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy is superior to radiotherapy alone in the treatment of locally advanced anal cancer: results of a phase III randomized trial of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Radiotherapy and Gastrointestinal Cooperative Groups. J Clin Oncol 1997 May; 15(5): 2040-49. 34. Akbari RP, Paty PB, Guillem JG et al.: Oncologic outcomes of salvage surgery for epidermoid carcinoma of the anus initially managed with combined modality therapy. Dis Colon Rectum 2004 Jul; 47(7): 1136-44. 35. Ortholan C, Ramaioli A, Peiffert D et al.: Anal canal carcinoma: early-stage tumors < or =10 mm (T1 or Tis): therapeutic options and original pattern of local failure after radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005 Jun 1; 62(2): 479-85. 36. Nilsson PJ, Svensson C, Goldman S et al.: Epidermoid anal cancer: a review of a populationbased series of 308 consecutive patients treated
according to prospective protocols. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005 Jan 1; 61(1): 92-102. 37. Renehan AG, Saunders MP, Schofield PF et al.: Patterns of local disease failure and outcome after salvage surgery in patients with anal cancer. Br J Surg 2005 May; 92(5): 605-14. 38. Mullen JT, Rodriguez-Bigas MA, Chang GJ et al.: Results of surgical salvage after failed chemoradiation therapy for epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal. Ann Surg Oncol 2007 Feb; 14(2): 478-83. 39. Grabenbauer GG, Kessler H, Matzel KE et al.: Tumor site predicts outcome after radiochemotherapy in squamous-cell carcinoma of the anal region: long-term results of 101 patients. Dis Colon Rectum 2005 Sep; 48(9): 1742-51. 40. Roohipour R, Patil S, Goodman KA et al.: Squamous-cell carcinoma of the anal canal: predictors of treatment outcome. Dis Colon Rectum 2008 Feb; 51(2): 147-53. 41. O’Brien PH, Jenrette JM, Wallace KM et al.: Epidermoid carcinoma of the anus. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1982 Nov; 155(5): 745-51. 42. Hardcastle JD, Bussey HJ: Results of surgical treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal and anal margin seen at St. Mark’s Hospital 1928-66. Proc R Soc Med 1968 Jun; 61(6): 629-30. 43. Boman BM, Moertel CG, O’Connell MJ et al.: Carcinoma of the anal canal. A clinical and pathologic study of 188 cases. Cancer 1984 Jul 1; 54(1): 114-25. 44. Pintor MP, Northover JM, Nicholls RJ: Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus at one hospital from 1948 to 1984. Br J Surg 1989 Aug; 76(8): 80610. 45. Golden GT, Horsley JS, 3rd. Surgical management of epidermoid carcinoma of the anus. Am J Surg 1976 Mar; 131(3): 275-80. 46. Nigro ND, Vaitkevicius VK, Considine B, Jr. Combined therapy for cancer of the anal canal: a preliminary report. Dis Colon Rectum 1974 MayJun; 17(3): 354-56. 47. Nigro ND: An evaluation of combined therapy for squamous cell cancer of the anal canal. Dis Colon Rectum 1984 Dec; 27(12): 763-66. 48. Habr-Gama A, da Silva e Sousa Junior AH, Nadalin W et al.: Epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal. Results of treatment by combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Dis Colon Rectum 1989 Sep; 32(9): 773-77. 49. Cummings BJ, Keane TJ, O’Sullivan B et al.: Epidermoid anal cancer: treatment by radiation alone or by radiation and 5-fluorouracil with and without mitomycin C. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1991 Oct; 21(5): 1115-25. 50. Leichman LP, Cummings BJ: Anal carcinoma. Curr Probl Cancer 1990 May-Jun; 14(3): 117-59. 51. Doci R, Zucali R, La Monica G et al.: Primary chemoradiation therapy with fluorouracil and cisplatin for cancer of the anus: results in 35 consecutive patients. J Clin Oncol 1996 Dec; 14(12): 3121-25.