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Opening Doors: Gender Equality and Development in the Middle East and North Africa
Figure 2.1 Change in Female Labor Force Participation (Relative to OECD Average) Data sources
UN COMTRADE 2007 UNIDO Industrial Statistics database 2009 (INDSTAT4 2009) World CIA Factbook World Development Indicators (WDI) 2011
Variables
– Female labor force participation – Region dummies: World Bank’s country classifications (except MENA. See appendix B) – Dummy variable if a country is Muslim majority – Proven oil reserves per capita
Data construction methodology
Proven oil reserves per capita divides proven oil reserves levels (in million barrels) by 2011 population. Proven oil reserves per capita and female labor force participation are in logarithmic scale in the regression. Values graphed are coefficients converted to elasticities (to measure % changes relative to the OECD average ) from the following regression: Female labor force participation (log) Ordinary least squares regression
% change relative to OECD average^
Coefficient
Std. error
–0.63
0.11
–0.47
0.14
0.10
0.00
ECA
0.17
0.05
0.19
SA
–0.21
0.13
–0.19
LAC
–0.14
0.05
–0.13
SSA
0.24
0.05
0.28
0.01
0.01
0.00
–0.14
0.06
–0.14
MENA EAP
Per capita proven oil reserves (log) Dummy for Muslim majority country Number of observations R2
175.00 0.56
Note: Robust standard errors; ^ = only coefficients significant at 11 or less % are reported.
Figures B2.2a and B2.2b Respondents from Egypt and Indonesia who agree with the statements: “When jobs are scarce, men should have more right to a job than women” and “Consider work rather or very important” Data sources
World Values Survey (WVS) 2005
Variables
– Percent of female respondents agreeing with the statement (% of total female respondents) – Percent of male respondents agreeing with the statement (% of total male respondents) – Percentage point difference (% male agree—% female agree)