Cumanana AUGUST 2022 THEPERUVIANPASO HORSE RECIPE Peruvianflavourswith anAfricaninfluence VIRTUAL NEWSLETTER OF PERUVIAN CULTURE FOR AFRICA MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS ISSUE 17 PERÚANDMADAGASCAR Brotherlyfacesandlandscapes
(C)StephaneBelgrandRousson
SPECIALIST IN CONSERVATION AND ENVIRONMENT, MASTERS IN COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF ALICANTE
Both countries are similar in natural wealth as in the most urgent environmental challenges they must face: adapting to climate change, stopping deforestation and confronting the
In the country where I live, rice is almost inevitable on the menu, seafood and an oriental touch are present in its most representative dishes, and cocoa is one of the most exported flagship products The country whereIlivehasabundanttropicalforestsand generous rivers, which are home to thousands ofspeciesoffaunaandflora,manyofwhichare uniquein theworld. Thecountry whereI live, Madagascar,resemblesinitsmanylandscapes and faces my country of origin, Peru, despite beingmorethan13000kmaway
PERÚ AND MADAGASCAR: BROTHERLY FACES AND LANDSCAPES
Jaguarorotorongo(Pantheraonca)inQuistocochaTouristicComplex (C)AlexBryce/Promperu
lossofthebenefitsoffered bynature Althoughthese issueshavegainedgreater notoriety in the public and political agenda, nature conservation is still considered another variable of development, instead of being understoodasthebasisof everything we would like to achieve as a nation or asindividuals
Both Peru, Madagascar, and other biodiverse countries have the potentialandtheurgency to define a vision of
extraordinary ecoregions from the coast, through the Andes MountainstotheextensiveAmazonrainforest
Peru, facing the Pacific Ocean, and Madagascar,inthemiddleoftheIndianOcean, have a fascinating cultural diversity, almost
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AvenueoftheBaobabs,Madagascar
levelling their exceptional biological diversity. According to National Geographic, they are among the 17 megadiverse countries on the planet. Around 75% of Malagasy fauna is endemic; that is, they do not exist anywhere else in the world. Peru, on the other hand, ranks third among the countries with the largest extensionofwetforests.TheSouthAmericancountryhas
ANA YI SOTO
and private entities in the transition towards the areconcertation.partoneFacedlivelihoods.favourscannotgivenmeanscountriesforsubsoil,formationruptureDeforestationpoliciesitsustainablemanagementofnaturalresources.However,isurgenttomovefromone-offinitiativestonationalandmultisectoralefforts.isnotonlythelossoftrees,butalsotheoftheecologicalbalancethatmakespossibletheofriversandbasins,thelifecycleinsoilandthevarietyofanimalspeciesthatplaykeyrolesagriculturalactivityandothereconomysectors.ForlikePeruandMadagascar,deforestationagreaterthreattodevelopmentandstabilityourhighvulnerabilitytoclimatechange.Webuildoureconomiesbydegradingpreciselywhatourresiliencetoclimatechangeandourwiththiscomplexreality,natureconservationisfragmentofthesolution.TheotherfundamentalrelatestoourcapabilityforreflectionandOurculturaldiversityandnaturalheritageourtruewealth.
sustainable development, beyond economic growth, industrialization,ortheconquestofforeignmarketsInthe last20years,Peruhaslostabout3.65millionhectaresof forestcover Thisfigurerepresentsthedisappearanceof habitats for wild animals and plants, and affects communitieswithlifeformsmorecompatiblewithnature aswellInthesameperiod,another44millionhectaresof forests were deforested in Madagascar. Collectively, deforestationhasmeanttheemissionofmorethan46 gigatonsofCO2overtwodecades
AccordingtotheGlobalForestObservatory,thesixmain causesofdeforestationinourcountriesarelandusechange for agricultural activities and commodity production, logging,urbanization,andforestfiresInthisdynamic,part ofthevolumeofflagexports,suchascoffeeinPeruand vanillainMadagascar,islinkedtodeforestation,evenin protectedareas Thetaskofcorrectingthesepracticeshas been assumed, especially, by nongovernmental organizations and the public sector related to environmentalissues,togetherwithgrassrootsmovements Allianceshavepromotedsolutionsseekingtorestoreand stoptheimpactofconventionalproductionmodelsinareas ofhighbiologicalimportance
Agroecology, agroforestry, community conservation and ecosystem service payment schemes have shown that natureconservationandhumanwellbeingarenotatodds Onthecontrary,theyarethesameinessenceTheresultsof theseexperienceshaveservedtoinvolvemoregovernment
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SunsetinPacayaSamiriaNationalReserve. (C)AlfonsoZavala/Promperu
Thislaststatementseemstomethemostaccurateandits author,Mr MarianoCabrerainhiswork:“Elmejorcaballo desillaenelmundo”,addsthattheprolongedpresenceofAl Andalus in the Iberian Peninsula and its permanent preparationforwarformedthehorsethatwouldservethe Americanconquest
Byasidewalkcomes ridingJoséAntonio, Arrivingfromtheravine towatchtheamancaesflower onaCreoleBerber, Heridesalongthepath You,myland,whicharesoft, yougavethishorsethatstrangewalk, imbuingtheamblar oftheflatcrawledstride; feelhowyoutookaway itsBerberhardness, thatinhislandoforigin, hurthimwiththesand
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AMBASSADOR JAIME CÁCERES ENRÍQUEZ byPeruvianitsadaptationThesteedSantiagoMatamorosIteffectbearingwayWarMiróconquest”.AllthisreferstostudiescarriedoutbyDonAurelioQuesada,whotestifiesthat,afterhisparticipationintheofAlpujarras,GarcilasolivedinMontillaintheSpanishand“dedicatedhimselftoraisingandbreedinghorsesthememoryofthecountryofhisancestorsandtheofthehorseamongtheIncas”.shouldnotbeforgottenthattheversionofSantiagowastransformedinAmericaandrenamedMataindios,representingtheSaintridingonawhitewithanadargatothearmandaswordinhishand.Peruvianhorse’sinfluenceisconsolidatedthroughitswhich,whilerecognizingitsdistantorigins,grantsauthenticalPeruviannationality.folklorerecordsinthebeautifulwaltz“JoséAntonio”ChabucaGrandathefollowingverses:
“TheBerberpresenceduringtheformationofAlAndalus civilizationisnoticedsince711,throughthefamousBerber Tarik,whowouldgivethenametoGibraltar,andthenwould
Finecadenceonitsdock, brightsilkofitsmanes, andthetendernessandalertnessnerve forthedesireofitsmaster Nolongerraisesitshands tofightwiththesand, capturingintime itstraceofPeruvianstride
HorseanddancerofMarineraintheIIIASPASummit2012 (C)PresidencyoftheRepublic
Thestudyofthisculturalcontributionallowstheknowledge ofthreetheoriesregardingtheoriginofthisspecies Some claimthatthefeaturesofthePeruvianhorseareBerber Others,thattheoriginisArab,andfinally,thosewhobelieve thatitistheproductofamixtureofJacasandCastilian Navarresethatgrantsthehorsetheraisingofitsfrontlimbs attheendofthePeruvianandBerbergait,whichwould bringthesoftnessandsomephenotypicfeatures,aswellas itsrefinedbeauty
The arrival in America of the horse brought by the Spaniards is a cultural contribution of singular importance ThisanimalspeciesdidnotexistinPeruor America and its appearance, at first, is linked, within the surprise factor, to a conception almost similar to that of the centaur Later, its presence would be recorded, as Max Hernández points out in his work “Memoria del bien perdido”, by Garcilaso de la Vega in his “General History of Peru" while living in Montilla Garcilaso stated that the horse was the thing the Indians feared most” Hernández goes on to say that Garcilaso: “perhaps repeating the emotions of an interest that came to him from childhood, also bred and tamed those horses that related to his desire of bending theanimal thatmost symbolizedtheSpanish
DonLuisdeAscásubiinhisbook:"Elcaballodepasoysu equitación",publishedin1988bytheNationalAssociation ofBreedersandOwnersofPeruvianPasoHorses,permits thefollowingcomments:
THE PERUVIAN PASO HORSE*
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CumananawouldliketothankthefamilyofAmbassadorCáceresforgrantingtherightsofreproductionofthistext.
Six“chalanes”inacavalcadeatCasaHaciendaLosFicus,LurinValley,Lima (C)TomasSobek
ThecontributionofthePasohorsetotheaccuracyofhistorical realityisalsoreflectedinthatspecialists,whenanalyzingthe originsofthebreed,areawareofsuchdifferencesthatthe novice would generalize under the denomination of Arab AccordingtoAscásubi,theoriginofthePeruvianPasohorseis Berberandtheinfluenceofthisbloodispresentintheimprint leftinEurope,notonlyinSpainandPortugal,butevenin France,throughhorsesthatweredecimatedaftertheBattleof Poitiers Heconcludes,however,insayingthatthehistoric bridgethatmeantAlAndalusservedinthiscasetotransport theBerberhorsefromTiaret,KabiliaandOraninpresentday Algeria and the Rif in Morocco, to a best habitat for its adaptabilityinPeru ItistruethatthisBerberhorsecarriesa percentage of Arab blood, but its characteristics and remotenessarethemostobviousteststodeterminethatitisa differentbreed,evenusedbytheArabarmiesastheypassed
providehisdefiningcontributionwiththeBerberhorse,along with innumerable expressions of culture that grew and developed in a tolerant environment that permitted the coexistenceoftheArabswiththeIslamizedBerbers,Christians andJews,untilthetimesoftheSpanishReconquista”
* Extract from the author's work, Al Ándalus en el Perú, published as a commemorative edition for the Third Summit of Heads of State and GovernmentofSouthAmericaandArabCountries–ASPA,inLima,2011.
ancestorarabesques“Thereitgoes,thereitgoes.withitsunparalleledstepdrawingwithitshoovesthatrelatetotheofthenationalhorse”
lorereflectstirrupsDr.JuanJoséVegaaddstheuniqueexistenceinAmericaofadornedwitharabesqueswhichundoubtedlytheArabMusliminfluenceinthischapterofhorseanditsriding.
OwnersrecordedFinally,newbreedsandcontinuewiththeirwaractions.aversebyEnriqueAramburúRaygada(1959)thatisinthepremisesoftheAssociationofBreedersandofPeruvianPasoHorsessays:
throughNorthAfricatoreplacetheircontingents,obtain
Frytheannattowithoilovermediumheatforacoupleofminutes Whentheoilturnsred,removetheannattograins
Addthefrayedchicken,stirandaddthenoodles,parsleyandchickenbroth Cookoverlowheat
Addsaltandpepper
1tablespoonwholeannatto(ingrains)
1cupbasil,blended
2tablespoonschoppedparsley
Cookandfraythechicken Reservethebrothforlateruse
2cupsofcookedandfrayedchicken
1/2kilospaghetti
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1onion,diced
TheSopaSecaisconsideredatraditionaldishservedtogetherwithCarapulcra,jointlycreatingManchapecho(Chest Stainer)anamereferringtotheriskofstainingthechestoftheguestswithitsingredientswhileenjoyingthedelicious combination.
Addthechoppedonionandfryitforafewminutes Addthetomato,basil,garlicandcumin Letcookfor5minutes
Watchthatthenoodlesarenottoodryorsticky,turnofftheheatwhenthenoodlesarecookedaldente
1/4cupvegetableoil
2tablespoonsgroundgarlic
PREPARATION
1litterchickenbroth
1tomato,diced
Salt,pepper,andcumintotaste
INGREDIENTS
TheAfroPeruviancommunity,particularlyinIca,wasnostrangertothisphenomenonand,totheItalianpastas,they addedajíandotherPeruvianspicesthatgavethiscuisineitsownstamp,thuscreatingwhatisnowknownasSopa Seca
ThearrivalofEuropeancommunitiesinPerustartedasearlyas1880Theyoungrepublicreceivednewtraditionsand customsleadingtothefusion,amongotheraspects,inthekitchen
RECIPE: SOPA SECA
